JP3505474B2 - Extraction method of mushroom components - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION There are many kinds of mushrooms that have been prized as traditional Chinese medicine for a long time, those that are loved by gourmets, those that are on the daily table, and mushrooms that are toxic. , Its efficacy varies depending on its nutritional component. The nutritional characteristics of the mushroom as a whole are low sodium and high potassium, and it is well known that this potassium has a function of lowering blood pressure.
In addition, it is a non-calorie food with no fear of accumulating cholesterol, and also contains various digestive enzymes such as amylase and vitamins B ₁ and B _{2 which} are essential for metabolism.

In addition to edible mushrooms, shimeji mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, mushrooms, etc., new mushrooms have appeared on the market in recent years. In addition, as a Chinese herbal medicine, peony, chorei, etc. have been used for a long time and have been proven to have a water-use effect and an anti-cancer effect. Further, as health foods, agaricus, ganoderma lucidum, shiitake mushrooms, etc. are used and clinically effective. Lentinan of shiitake mushroom, krestin of kawatake mushroom, and schizophyllan of suuehirotake are used for medical purposes as anticancer agents, and the anticancer activity of β-glucan, which is a polysaccharide in agaricus, has been attracting attention.

[0003]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, various methods for extracting mushrooms have been considered, but extraction with hot water is generally used.
However, by hot water extraction, the high molecular fraction, for example,
β-glucan and the like could not be completely extracted and remained in the extracted drug substance. A high amount of β-glucan and the like in the high molecular fraction can be extracted by hot water alkali extraction, but there is a drawback in that when extracted, the alkali concentration becomes high. When neutralized, it is considered that the salt concentration becomes high and the salty taste becomes strong. In addition, β- which is a high molecular fraction due to enzymatic decomposition
Although glucan and the like are also taken out, it is considered that the substance that is considered to be pharmacologically useful is lost by the enzyme due to the improvement of the recovery efficiency of β-glucan. However, these methods are only considered as a means for producing an extract and also for efficiently extracting a high molecular weight fraction, and extract useful components contained in mushrooms thoroughly. It is hard to say that there is.

[0004]

The object of the present invention is to provide a method of simply obtaining an extract or a method of efficiently obtaining β-glucan of a high molecular fraction, as in the conventional extraction method. , The low molecular weight fraction, the intermediate fraction and the high molecular weight fraction of the mushrooms are taken out individually or in a mixed state, so that the useful components contained in the mushrooms are thoroughly extracted. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method by which useful components can be extracted.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and comprises (I) the following components (1) to (6) of mushrooms: Extraction method. (1) a step of extracting raw, frozen or dried mushrooms in 5 to 100 parts by weight of water at 30 ° C. or lower relative to 1 part by weight of the mushrooms, (2) raw, frozen or dried mushrooms, And / or a step of extracting the extraction residue in the step (1) in 5 to 100 parts by weight of water at 70 ° C. or higher relative to 1 part by weight of the mushrooms and / or the extraction residue, (3) raw, Frozen or dried mushrooms and / or the extraction residue in the step (1) and / or (2) is used in an amount of 5 to 100 parts by weight of 30 to 30 parts by weight per 1 part by weight of the mushrooms and / or the extraction residue. A step of enzymatically treating and extracting with a plant tissue-disintegrating enzyme derived from a filamentous fungus in water at 90 ° C., (4) combining the fractions obtained in steps (1) to (3),
A step of performing solid-liquid separation by centrifugation and / or filtration, (5) a step of concentrating the obtained transparent separated solution, and (6) a step of drying the obtained concentrated solution. The present invention also provides (II) the method according to (I), wherein the plant tissue-disintegrating enzymes derived from filamentous fungi are cellulases and pectinases. (III) The method according to (I) or (II), wherein the mixture is extracted by mixing with a stirrer in step (1), and (IV) In step (1), the mushrooms are mixed with water without mixing with a stirrer. (I) or (II), which is extracted by allowing it to soak in water, sufficiently contact with water, and allowing it to stand, (V) in step (1), 5-100 parts by weight instead of 5-100 parts by weight of water The method according to (I) or (II), wherein the extraction is carried out in 30 to 100% ethanol by stirring or allowing to stand naturally. (VI) In step (1), the surface of the mushrooms is washed away with running water and the water is removed. The method according to (I) or (II), wherein the mushrooms are newly extracted in steps (1) to (3) in steps (2) and (3). Without adding From (1) to (2) and (3), successive extraction steps are repeated, and mainly, a low molecular weight fraction from the step (1), an intermediate low molecular weight and high molecular weight fraction from the step (2), and a step ( (I) or (II), wherein the polymer fraction is obtained separately from (3), (VIII) in step (4), filtration is carried out after centrifugation, (I) or (II), IX) In the solid-liquid separation by filtration in step (4), a filter aid selected from the group consisting of diatomaceous earth, celite, perlite and crystalline cellulose is used (I)
Alternatively, the method described in (II) is provided.

The extract obtained by the method of the present invention is an extract that can be widely used in fields such as seasonings, dietary supplements, and food materials. Further, the final residue from which the high molecular fraction is taken out can be effectively used as a water-insoluble dietary fiber by drying and powdering, and the resources of mushrooms can be used without waste.

[0007]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention will be described in detail below. The mushrooms used in the extraction method of the present invention may be of any origin, raw, frozen, dried, etc., but are preferably those which are free from microbial contamination, high concentration of pesticide residues, and contamination with foreign substances. First, in the step (1), 5 to 100 parts by weight of cold water having a temperature of 30 ° C. or lower, or 5 to 100 parts by weight of 30 to 1 having a temperature of 30 ° C. or lower is used as raw, frozen or dried mushrooms.
It is put into a 00% ethanol aqueous solution and extracted. Extraction is carried out by mixing with a stirrer, or without mixing with a stirrer, soaking the mushrooms in water and bringing them into sufficient contact with water and letting them stand for a while, or by rinsing the surface of the mushrooms with running water to remove the water. By collecting. The extraction treatment time is adjusted depending on the amount of cold water or ethanol aqueous solution, but the Brix solid content concentration is confirmed every appropriate time, and the time point at which the numerical value does not change is regarded as the end time point. In the step (1), mainly low-molecular components are extracted from the components contained in the mushrooms.

In the step (4), the liquid thus extracted is subjected to solid-liquid separation by a centrifuge to separate the water-insoluble portion.
When the centrifugal force is high, the separated liquid can be used as it is, but when it is low, it is more clear than the liquid using only a centrifugal separator by performing microfiltration with a filtration device such as a filter cylinder or a filter press. Liquid can be obtained. Although it is possible to use only a filtration device, a device having a large filtration area is required. Further, by using diatomaceous earth, celite, perlite, crystalline cellulose or the like as a filter aid in an amount of 5 to 150% by weight based on the weight of mushrooms, water-insoluble lipids in the mushrooms can be removed by adsorption. You can
Moreover, a clearer liquid can be obtained by using a filter aid.

The liquid thus obtained is concentrated under reduced pressure by a concentrator at 60 ° C. or lower in step (5). The amount of concentrated liquid should be an appropriate amount depending on the usage and storage conditions. The concentrated liquid thus obtained is sterilized by heating and then refrigerated and stored under freezing, or during or after heat sterilization, a suitable acid, preferably hydrochloric acid, apple, which is recognized as an additive for food additives. Acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, fumaric acid, phthalic acid, gluconic acid, adipic acid, vinegar, etc. are added to pH = 4.2 or less, preferably pH = 3.
By adjusting the amount to 9 or less, it is possible to suppress the propagation of general microorganisms.

The concentrated liquid thus obtained can be used as it is, but can be dried and powdered by a freeze dryer, a spray dryer or the like in the step (6). Next, in the step (2), the mushroom residue obtained in the extraction in the step (1) is added in an amount of 5 to 5 parts by weight of the residue.
It is put into 100 parts by weight of hot water at 70 ° C. or higher, and preferably stirred and extracted for 30 to 300 minutes. The heating time must be shorter when the temperature is higher and longer when the temperature is lower. For example, preferably at 70 ° C for 2 to 5 hours and at 95 ° C for 30 hours.
~ 180 minutes is suitable. In step (2), raw, frozen or dried mushrooms can be extracted instead of or together with the extraction residue of step (1). When extracting raw, frozen or dried mushrooms in place of the extraction residue of the step (1), 5 to 100 parts by weight of water is extracted per 1 part by weight of the mushrooms. When both the mushrooms and the extraction residue of step (1) are extracted together, the extraction is carried out in 5 to 100 parts by weight of water based on 1 part by weight of them in total. When only the extraction residue of the step (1) is extracted, among the components contained in the mushrooms, mainly the intermediate component between the low molecular weight and the high molecular weight is extracted. When extracting only mushrooms, low molecular weight components and intermediate components are mainly extracted. Also, mushrooms and process (1)
When both of the extraction residues of (1) are extracted, the low molecular component and the intermediate component are mainly extracted.

In the step (4), the liquid thus extracted is subjected to solid-liquid separation in a water-insoluble portion by a centrifuge.
When the centrifugal force is high, the separated liquid can be used as it is, but when it is low, it is more clear than the liquid using only a centrifugal separator by performing microfiltration with a filtration device such as a filter cylinder or a filter press. Liquid can be obtained. Although it is possible to use only a filtration device, a device having a large filtration area is required. Further, by using diatomaceous earth, celite, perlite, crystalline cellulose or the like as a filter aid in an amount of 5 to 150% by weight based on the weight of mushrooms, water-insoluble lipids in the mushrooms can be removed by adsorption. You can
Moreover, a clearer liquid can be obtained by using a filter aid. The liquid thus obtained is concentrated under reduced pressure in a concentrator at 60 ° C. or lower in step (5). The amount of concentrated liquid should be an appropriate amount depending on the usage and storage conditions.

The concentrated solution thus obtained is sterilized by heating and then refrigerated or frozen, or during or after heat sterilization, a suitable acid, preferably hydrochloric acid, which is recognized as a food additive, Add malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, fumaric acid, phthalic acid, gluconic acid, adipic acid, vinegar, etc. to pH = 4.2 or less,
Preferably, by adjusting the pH to 3.9 or less, the growth of general microorganisms can be suppressed. The concentrated liquid thus obtained can be used as it is, but can be dried and powdered by a freeze dryer, a spray dryer or the like in the step (6).

Next, in step (3), the residue of the mushrooms obtained in the extraction in steps (1) and / or (2) is added in an amount of 5 to 100 parts by weight of 30 to 90 parts by weight.
Pour into hot water and warm water at ℃ and stir and mix. Next, a plant tissue-disintegrating enzyme derived from a filamentous fungus was added at 0.001 to 5.0% by weight per 1 part by weight of the mushroom residue,
Mix with a stirrer. 40-60 as a preferable temperature
C., and the enzyme treatment time is suitably 2 to 12 hours. In the step (3), the steps (1) and /
Or instead of or with the extraction residue of (2),
It is also possible to extract frozen or dried mushrooms.
When extracting raw, frozen or dried mushrooms instead of the extraction residue of step (1) and / or (2), it is extracted in 5 to 100 parts by weight of water with respect to 1 part by weight of the mushrooms. When the mushrooms and the extraction residue of the steps (1) and / or (2) are extracted together, the extraction is carried out in 5 to 100 parts by weight of water based on 1 part by weight of them in total. When only the extraction residue of the step (1) and / or (2) is extracted, a polymer component is mainly extracted from the components contained in the mushrooms. When extracting only mushrooms, low molecular weight components are extracted. Further, when both the mushrooms and the extraction residue of step (1) and / or (2) are extracted, a low molecular component or a high molecular component is extracted.

It is considered necessary to adjust the enzyme reaction treatment time and the treatment temperature because there are some differences depending on the type, amount, manufacturer, titer of the enzyme, or a combination of two or more kinds. Enzyme-treated extract at 70 ° C or higher for 10-120
Heat treatment for minutes to inactivate the enzyme to obtain the final extraction solution.

The extract thus obtained is subjected to the step (4).
In, the water-insoluble portion is solid-liquid separated by a centrifuge. When the centrifugal force is high, the separated liquid can be used as it is, but when it is low, it is more clear than the liquid using only a centrifugal separator by performing microfiltration with a filtration device such as a filter cylinder or a filter press. Liquid can be obtained.
Although it is possible to use only a filtration device, a device having a large filtration area is required. Further, by using diatomaceous earth, celite, perlite, crystalline cellulose or the like as a filter aid in an amount of 5 to 150% by weight based on the weight of mushrooms, water-insoluble lipids in the mushrooms can be removed by adsorption. You can
Moreover, a clearer liquid can be obtained by using a filter aid.

The liquid thus obtained is concentrated under reduced pressure by a concentrator at a temperature of 60 ° C. or lower in step (5). The amount of concentrated liquid should be an appropriate weight depending on the conditions of use and storage.

The concentrated solution thus obtained is sterilized by heating and then refrigerated or frozen, or during or after heat sterilization, a suitable acid, preferably hydrochloric acid, which is recognized as a food additive, Add malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, fumaric acid, phthalic acid, gluconic acid, adipic acid, vinegar, etc. to pH = 4.2 or less,
Preferably, by adjusting the pH to 3.9 or less, the growth of general microorganisms can be suppressed.

The concentrated liquid thus obtained can be used as it is, but can be dried and powdered by a freeze dryer, a spray dryer or the like in the step (6). The finally obtained extraction residue from the step (2) or (3) is 4
Dry at 0 ° C or above. The dried extraction residue is pulverized to an appropriate size, and a fine powder is obtained using a pulverizing powder machine such as a mortar or ball mill. Although it has been described above that the separated liquids from the extraction steps (1) to (3) are separately solid-liquid separated, concentrated, and dried, these separated liquids may be arbitrarily combined, for example, all may be combined together. It is also possible to continuously perform solid-liquid separation and concentration to obtain a concentrated liquid containing low to high molecules.

[0019]

The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Example (1) 100 kg of dried Hanabi-take mushrooms was chilled with 1,50 cold water at 20 ° C.
Charge to 0 kg and extract by stirring for 2 hours. Next, the residue is solid-liquid separated by an effective wall centrifuge. The solid-liquid separated liquid was placed in a Sharpless centrifuge at 13,000 to 15,000.
The solution is rotated by rotating it to 0, and solid-liquid separation is performed. The separated liquid is passed through a stainless steel filter cylinder to which 5 kg of diatomaceous earth is attached to obtain a clear liquid. The filtered liquid is concentrated under reduced pressure at 60 ° C. or lower to a final liquid volume of 40 kg. 90 ° C
After heat sterilization for 30 minutes, the container is filled in a hot state. The obtained concentrated solution was a solution containing a large amount of a low molecular weight fraction containing about 20 to 60% of sugar alcohol such as mannitol and sorbit.

Example (2) Dried extract of Hanabitake mushroom in Example 1 100
kg (when dried) is put into 1,500 kg of hot water at 90 to 100 ° C., and the mixture is extracted with stirring for 2 hours. Next, the residue is solid-liquid separated by an effective wall centrifuge. The solid-liquid separated liquid is rotated in a shear press centrifuge at 13,000 to 15,000 to pass the liquid, and further solid-liquid separated. The separated liquid is passed through a stainless steel filter cylinder to which 5 kg of diatomaceous earth is attached to obtain a clear liquid. The filtered liquid is concentrated under reduced pressure at 60 ° C. or lower to a final liquid volume of 30 kg. Heat sterilization is performed at 90 ° C. for 30 minutes, and the container is filled in a hot state. The obtained concentrated liquid contains sugar alcohols such as mannitol and sorbit in an amount of 5% or less, and water-soluble polymer polysaccharides including β-glucan in an amount of 5 to 5% of the total content in dried Agaricus edulis.
It was a solution that could be extracted by about 20%. Dextrin in the same amount as the solid content was added to the obtained concentrated liquid, and dried with a spray dryer to obtain a dry extract powder.

Example (3) 100 k of dried agaricus extract residue in Example 2
g (when dry) is added to 1,500 kg of warm water at 45 to 55 ° C., 0.1 kg of filamentous fungus-derived enzyme cellulase and 0.05 kg of pectinase are added, and enzyme treatment is carried out while stirring for 5 hours. The solution obtained by the enzyme treatment is heat-treated at 90 to 100 ° C. for 1 hour to inactivate the enzyme. Next, the residue is solid-liquid separated by an effective wall centrifuge. The solid-liquid separated liquid was placed in a shear press centrifuge at 13,000 to 15,000.
The solution is rotated by rotating it to 0, and solid-liquid separation is performed. The separated liquid is passed through a stainless steel filter cylinder to which 5 kg of diatomaceous earth is attached to obtain a clear liquid. The filtered liquid is concentrated under reduced pressure at 60 ° C. or lower to a final liquid volume of 15 kg. 90 ° C
After heat sterilization for 30 minutes, the container is filled in a hot state.

The concentrated liquid obtained did not contain sugar alcohols such as mannitol and sorbit, and the water-soluble polymer polysaccharide containing β-glucan and the like could be extracted in an amount of about 5 to 50% of the content in the dried agaricus. It was a solution. The same amount of dextrin as the solid content was added to the obtained concentrated liquid, and dried with a spray dryer to obtain a dry extract powder. The extract of Ganoderma lucidum in Example 3 is placed in a tray dryer and dried by heating at 40 ° C. under reduced pressure. The dried extraction residue is put into a grinder and ground to a certain size. next,
Transfer to a ball mill and mill until passing through a 100 mesh screen. 30-50% of dried bamboo shoots
It is a moderate yield.

[0023]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a method in which useful components contained in mushrooms can be utilized without waste by extracting the components of mushrooms in units of molecular weight. It has utility value for each purpose, such as seasonings, health foods, food ingredients,
It provides immunologically active foods containing a large amount of high molecular polysaccharides such as β-glucan, and can be used in a wide range of applications with mushroom-derived natural dietary fiber, and provides easy-to-process extracts such as drinks, tablets, and granules. is there.

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Claims (9)

(57) [Claims] 1. A method for extracting mushroom components, which comprises the following steps (1) to (6): (1) a step of extracting raw, frozen or dried mushrooms in 5 to 100 parts by weight of water at 30 ° C. or lower relative to 1 part by weight of the mushrooms, (2) raw, frozen or dried mushrooms, And / or a step of extracting the extraction residue in the step (1) in 5 to 100 parts by weight of water at 70 ° C. or higher relative to 1 part by weight of the mushrooms and / or the extraction residue, (3) raw, Frozen or dried mushrooms and / or the extraction residue in the step (1) and / or (2) is added in an amount of 5 to 100 parts by weight of 30 to 30 parts by weight relative to 1 part by weight of the mushrooms and / or the extraction residue. Filament in 90 ° C water
Extraction by enzymatic treatment using a plant tissue-disintegrating enzyme derived from a bacterium , (4) Solid-liquid separation by centrifugation and / or filtration of the fractions obtained in steps (1) to (3) (5) a step of concentrating the obtained transparent separated liquid, and (6) a step of drying the obtained concentrated liquid. 2. A plant tissue-disintegrating enzyme derived from a filamentous fungus is cellular.
The method according to claim 1, which is a protease and a pectinase. 3. A process (1) The method of claim 1 or 2 wherein extracting by mixing with stirrer. 4. A process (1), without mixing with stirrer, mushrooms was thoroughly contacted with fountain solution in water, according to claim 1 or 2 wherein extracting by natural standing. 5. In step (1), 30 to 100% ethanol for 5 to 100 parts by weight in place of 5 to 100 parts by weight of water, extracted by the stirring or allowed to stand claim 1 or 2 The method described. 6. The method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein in the step (1), the surface of the mushrooms is washed away with running water and the water is recovered for extraction. 7. In steps (1) to (3), in steps (2) and (3), fresh (fresh), frozen or dried mushrooms are not added, and the steps (1) to (2),
(3) and the extraction step are sequentially overlapped, and mainly the step (1)
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein a low molecular weight fraction, a low molecular weight and a high molecular weight intermediate fraction from step (2), and a high molecular weight fraction from step (3) are obtained separately. 8. Step (4), according to claim 1 or 2 wherein performing filtering after centrifugation. In the solid-liquid separation by filtration in 9. Step (4), diatomaceous earth, celite, The method of claim 1, wherein using the filter aid is selected from the group consisting of perlite and cellulose.