JP3530286B2 - Concentrated emulsion fuel material and emulsion fuel - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an emulsion fuel prepared by mixing petroleum liquid fuel with water.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a method of using a water-added emulsion fuel has been known as a means for reducing soot and nitrogen oxides in combustion exhaust gas of petroleum liquid fuel.

In this emulsion combustion, for example, hydrophobic liquid fossil fuel such as petroleum is mixed with water and a small amount of a surface-active agent and stirred to emulsify. Oil droplets (diameter about 300-400 μm) that came out of the burner by utilizing the force of body expansion (about 1700 times) when the water in the oil droplets suddenly becomes steam
To improve the mixing with combustion air and promote combustion, thereby reducing soot and smoke, and lowering the flame temperature by the latent heat of vaporization to reduce the generation rate of nitrogen oxides during combustion. It is the one.

[0004]

By the way, since the specific gravity of water and liquid fuel which constitute such a conventional emulsion fuel is different, if they are stored in a storage tank or the like, water and oil will be formed within 2-3 weeks. It was separated into two layers, and it was impossible to store it for a long period of time except BC heavy oil.

Further, in the conventional emulsion fuel, the heat loss is 0.08% with respect to the water mixing ratio of 1%.
Even if only 20% of water is mixed, it causes a heat loss of about 1.6%, and there is a problem that it cannot be used for a boiler that requires high thermal efficiency.

Therefore, the present invention has been devised in order to effectively solve the above-mentioned drawbacks, and its purpose is not only to reduce soot and nitrogen oxides, but also to maintain stability without separation even during long-term storage. It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel concentrated emulsion fuel material which is excellent and can be used without problem in a boiler having a high thermal efficiency, and an emulsion fuel containing water in the same amount or more before use.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is directed to a synthetic anionic surfactant solution which is prepared by mixing and homogenizing sodium alkyl ether sulfate of anionic surfactant and sodium alkylbenzene. Water is charged and stirred, and an arbitrary amount of petroleum-based liquid fuel material is mixed and stirred in a mousse-like emulsifier that uniformly contains foamability.

That is, a concentrated emulsion fuel prepared by mixing a mousse-like emulsifier prepared by adding distilled water to a synthetic anionic surfactant and a petroleum-based liquid fuel and stirring it is hydrophilic because of its water-in-oil characteristic. Since it is basic and has a large volume due to bubbles due to stirring and a large contact area with water, a large amount of water can be mixed. The particles of the mixed water have a low specific gravity due to bubbles, and have a specific gravity almost the same as the specific gravity of the petroleum-based liquid fuel, so that the chemical stability is not separated into the oil component for a long period (2 to 3 months). High emulsion state is maintained.

Further, by adding 1 to 1.5 times by volume of water to the concentrated emulsion fuel material having such high chemical stability, combustion is performed in order to separate and utilize hydrogen and oxygen of the water. Since the required amount of air for use is small, soot and nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas due to combustion can be reduced, and the flame temperature during combustion can be increased to perform combustion with high thermal efficiency. However, since the same amount or more of water is added, an ignition temperature of 400 ° C. or more is required in the atmosphere, but continuous combustion is possible after ignition.

That is, conventionally, in order to suppress the generation of nitrogen oxides in the combustion exhaust gas, it is necessary to increase the water content of water to lower the flame temperature. Then, the latent heat of vaporization of water causes thermal efficiency. It was difficult to use emulsion fuel in a high thermal efficiency boiler. However, the emulsion fuel of the present invention completely burns unburned oil with a small amount of combustion air, so that not only soot and dust caused by incomplete combustion but also generation of nitrogen oxides is significantly reduced even when the combustion temperature is raised. be able to.

[0011]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As described above, in the concentrated emulsion fuel material of the present invention, distilled water is added to a synthetic anionic surfactant solution agent in which sodium alkyl ether sulfate as anionic surfactant and sodium alkylbenzene are mixed and homogenized. It is prepared by stirring and mixing an arbitrary amount of a petroleum-based liquid fuel material with a mousse-like emulsifier that uniformly contains foamability.

Next, an example of the method for producing this concentrated emulsion fuel material will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, first, an anionic surfactant is added to the beaker 1 at room temperature (room temperature) and atmospheric pressure (atmospheric pressure). 10 sodium alkyl ether sulphate and sodium alkylbenzene sulphonate in a volume ratio of 3 (eg 300 cc) and a volume ratio of 1 respectively.
(100 cc) each, and stirred uniformly to form an anionic surfactant solution. Distilled water 11 with a volume ratio of 6 (600 cc) was gradually mixed into this anionic surfactant solution, and the mixture was stirred and bubbled. Further, the propeller stirrer 2 is gently stirred until the bubbles become finely mousse-like to generate the mousse-like emulsifier 3 containing bubbles. Next, the mousse-like emulsifier 3 is transferred to a larger container 4, and 150 (15 L) to 200 (20 L) times by volume of liquefied coal hydrogenated petroleum, kerosene, heavy oil, light oil, etc. While stirring the olefinic unsaturated hydrocarbon 5 in the distillate while maintaining the whipping state, first, the emulsifier was gradually added dropwise to form a continuous phase of the emulsifier and a dispersed phase of the olefinic unsaturated hydrocarbon 5 O /
It produces a W-type (oil-in-water type) emulsion fuel. When the amount of the olefinic unsaturated hydrocarbon added exceeds the amount of the emulsifier 3, the continuous phase and the dispersed phase are reversed and W / O
A type (water-in-oil type) emulsion fuel is produced. When the amount of the olefinic unsaturated hydrocarbon added further goes through a gel state, it solidifies and becomes a semitransparent gel state, and a concentrated emulsion fuel 6 having a water content of about 0.3 to 0.4% is produced. It Then, after transferring the concentrated emulsion fuel material 6 to a larger container 7, the concentrated emulsion fuel material 6 has a volume ratio of 1.0 to
Emulsion fuel 9 by mixing 1.5 times water 8 and stirring
Will be generated.

Since the concentrated emulsion fuel material thus obtained is in the form of gel, its composition is stable and can be stored for a long period (2 to 3 months or more).

When the concentrated emulsion fuel material is burned with an emulsion fuel containing 1 to 1.5 times the volume ratio of water before use, unburned oil can be completely burned with a small amount of combustion air. Of course, the amount of soot and dust generated due to incomplete combustion is reduced, and the required amount of combustion air is reduced. Therefore, even if the flame temperature is raised, the generation of nitrogen oxides can be significantly reduced.

[0016]

EXAMPLES Next, specific examples of the present invention will be described.

First, at room temperature (room temperature) and atmospheric pressure (atmospheric pressure), sodium alkyl ether sulfate of anionic surfactant 10 and sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate are added to a beaker having a capacity of about 300 cc and 30 cc and 10 cc, respectively. After mixing and stirring uniformly, an anionic surfactant mixed solution is generated, and 60 cc of distilled water is gradually mixed into this anionic surfactant mixed solution to stir and foam, and then a propeller stirrer is used to generate bubbles. The mixture was stirred at 1000 rpm or less until it became a fine mousse, and a mousse emulsifier containing bubbles was produced.

Next, the mousse-like emulsifier was transferred to a larger container, and 15 L of petroleum, kerosene, heavy oil, light oil, and the like, olefinic unsaturated hydrocarbons in the liquefied coal-hydrogen fraction were fractionated therein. A W / O type (water-in-oil type) concentrated emulsion fuel material was produced while stirring while maintaining the whipped state.

Then, after transferring the concentrated emulsion fuel material to a larger container, 1.0 to 1.5 times of water is mixed into the concentrated emulsion fuel material, and the mixture is stirred. ~ 2 types of white emulsion fuel (fuel A, fuel B) of about 40 L were produced (fuel A =
Concentrated emulsion fuel material: 47.5%, water: 52.5
%, Fuel B = concentrated emulsion fuel material: 50.0%,
Water: 50.0%).

Next, using a camouflage type furnace as shown in FIG. 2, the temperature inside the furnace was kept constant at 400 ° C. in advance, and
This furnace was equipped with a 3.8 L container filled with water, and the above fuels A, B and kerosene were used as fuels, and the time until the water temperature in this container reached from 26 ° C to 95 ° C and the fuel consumption rate were measured. In addition, the amounts of soot and nitrogen oxides in the combustion exhaust gas were measured.

As a result, as shown in FIG. 3, when kerosene is used as the fuel, the time required for the water temperature in the vessel provided in the furnace to reach a predetermined temperature (95 ° C.) and the amount of oil consumed are , 8 minutes and 40 seconds and 364 cc, respectively, whereas in the case of using the emulsion fuels A and B according to the present invention, the time required and the amount of oil consumed are half or less of those of kerosene, and excellent combustion efficiency is obtained. I found it to work. Also,
It was also proved that the amount of soot and nitrogen oxides in the flue gas was significantly reduced compared with the case of using kerosene, and that the high combustion efficiency and the emission of soot and nitrogen oxides were significantly suppressed. Furthermore, when the concentrated emulsion fuel material according to the present invention and the conventional emulsion fuel were stored under the same conditions, the conventional emulsion fuel separated into oil and water in two weeks, whereas The concentrated emulsion fuel material did not cause separation or the like even after 2 months or more, and exhibited high chemical stability.

[0022]

As described above, in short, according to the present invention, it becomes difficult to separate water and liquid fossil fuel, and the chemical stability is improved, so that it can be stored for a long period of time. Further, even if the required amount of combustion air is small, high thermal efficiency can be exhibited, so even if the combustion temperature is increased, the amount of soot and nitrogen oxides generated is greatly suppressed, which is an excellent effect. Have.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing one embodiment of a concentrated emulsion fuel material and a method for producing an emulsion fuel according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a combustion test method for emulsion fuel according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing a temperature rise test result by combustion for each fuel.

[Explanation of symbols]

3 emulsifier 5 Liquid fuel 6 Concentrated emulsion fuel material 8 water 9 Emulsion fuel 10 Surfactant 11 distilled water

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Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A mousse-like emulsifier that uniformly mixes and agitates distilled water into a synthetic anionic surfactant solution obtained by mixing and homogenizing sodium alkyl ether sulfate as an anionic surfactant and sodium alkylbenzenate. A concentrated emulsion fuel material, characterized in that a petroleum-based liquid fuel material is mixed and stirred. 2. An emulsion fuel, characterized in that the concentrated emulsion fuel material according to claim 1 is mixed with water in a volume ratio of 1 to 1.5 times and stirred.