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JP3544247B2 - Pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting platelet aggregation - Google Patents
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JP3544247B2 - Pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting platelet aggregation - Google Patents

Pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting platelet aggregation Download PDF

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JP3544247B2
JP3544247B2 JP19108395A JP19108395A JP3544247B2 JP 3544247 B2 JP3544247 B2 JP 3544247B2 JP 19108395 A JP19108395 A JP 19108395A JP 19108395 A JP19108395 A JP 19108395A JP 3544247 B2 JP3544247 B2 JP 3544247B2
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acid
platelet aggregation
triglyceride
oil
long
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JPH0913076A (en
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宏明 辻
明 瀬戸
勝己 今泉
郁男 池田
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日清オイリオ株式会社
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  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は血小板凝集能を抑制する作用のある血小板凝集能抑制に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
動脈硬化症は病理学的には粥状動脈硬化症、中膜硬化症および細動脈硬化症に分けられる。粥状動脈硬化症は冠状動脈、脳底動脈、腎動脈、胸・腹部大動脈等の内膜に脂肪沈着やプラーク形成が起こるもので、一方、中膜硬化症は大腿動脈等四肢の中程度の動脈に、また細動脈硬化症は腎・副腎、脾臓、卵巣、膵臓等の細動脈にみられる硬化性変化である。
これらの動脈硬化症は血管内膜での中膜平滑筋細胞の無制限の増殖と細胞内のコレステロールの異常蓄積が成因となっていると考えられており、これら血管壁の異常や血流の異常から血小板の粘着・凝集が促進されそして動脈血栓へと進行する。
【0003】
生体内で多価不飽和脂肪酸から合成されるプロスタグランジンやトロンボキサン等のエイコサノイドには血小板凝集作用、血管収縮作用をもつものと、逆に血小板凝集抑制作用、血管拡張作用を有しているものがあり、これらエイコサノイドは動脈硬化症と密接に係わっていることがわかっている。またエイコサノイドのなかでもプロスタグランジンI(以下、PGIと略すことがある。)は血小板凝集抑制作用、血管拡張作用および血圧低下作用を有し、トロボキサンA(以下、TXAと略すことがある。)は血小板凝集誘起作用および血管収縮作用を有することが知られている。
【0004】
ところで、従来の疫学的調査により、魚類や海獣類を常食としているグリーンランド島に居住するエスキモー人は、彼らとほぼ同程度の高脂肪食のデンマーク人と比較して、動脈硬化症をはじめとする虚血性心疾患の発症率が少ないことが明らかになり、かかる疾患の発症に食餌性の多価不飽和脂肪酸が係わっていることが判明した(Dyerberg,T. ら、Am. J. Clin. Nutrition, 第28巻、第958頁、1975年)。
また、さらなる疫学調査により、エイコサペンタエン酸(all cis −5,8,11,14,17−eicosapentaenoic acid 、以下EPAと略す。C20:5、Cの後の数字は総炭素数:二重結合数を表わし以下同様とする。)やドコサヘキサエン酸(all cis −4,7,10,13,16,19 −docosahexaenoic acid、以下DHAと略す。C22:6)のようなn−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸等の摂取と血小板凝集能抑制、全血粘度の低下との間に有意な相関がみられ、心臓血管系疾患や脳血管系疾患による死亡率との間に逆相関ないしは該疾患による死亡率の低下が認められることが報告されている(例えば、Hirai,A.ら、Lancet、第2巻、第1132頁、1980年)。
n−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸の摂取による虚血性心疾患由来の死亡率低下の機序としては抗血小板凝集作用、血漿脂質改善作用が考えられる。
【0005】
薬物を用いる動脈血栓の治療には血小板凝集抑制剤(例えば、ワーファリン、アスピリン等)を主体とする抗血小板療法やできあがった血栓、塞栓を溶解するための血栓溶解剤(例えば、ウロキナーゼ、ストレプトキナーゼ等)が広く用いられている。
一方、EPAやDHAのようなn−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸の摂取が、前記のように、動脈硬化症等の虚血性心疾患の予防や治療に有効であることが動物実験や臨床実験により明らかにされてきた。
【0006】
そこで、動脈硬化症の予防ないし症状を改善する目的で、EPAやDHAを含む魚を多く含む食品を意図的に摂取したり、EPAやDHAを含む魚油や魚油濃縮物等を素材とする健康食品等が市販されている。しかしこれらは多量かつ長期間にわたり摂取あるいは投与することが必要であった。
EPAやDHAを含む魚油としては主にイワシ油、タラ肝油、ニシン油、イカ油、マグロ眼窩油等が用いられるが、これらの油脂の化学的構造はいずれもグリセリドにエステル結合して存在するn−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸の総量の50モル%以上がトリグリセリドの2位の構成脂肪酸としてあり、換言すればn−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸は1位および3位よりも2位により多くエステル結合したトリグリセリド構造をとっている。
【0007】
一方、EPAやDHAは前記のように動脈硬化症の予防ないし該症状の改善効果を有する反面、通常の例えば食用植物油脂を構成する脂肪酸に比べて二重結合を分子内に数多く持つため酸化され易く、過剰に摂取すると生体に有害な作用をもたらすことも知られている。生体内で脂質の過酸化反応が進行すると生体膜に障害を生じ、虚血性疾患、動脈硬化、白内障、癌、アルツハイマー病、膠原病、アミロイドーシス等の病変の原因となることが推測されている。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、このような現状に鑑みなされたものであり、その目的とするところは、ヒトをはじめ動物に対して、副作用がなく、従来のn−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸供給源よりも少量の摂取で、血小板凝集能を抑制し、ひいては動脈硬化症の予防や改善を容易ならしめる作用のある血小板凝集能抑制用薬剤組成物を提供することにある。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記目的を達成すべく鋭意研究を行った結果、グリセリド構造の1位および/または3位にn−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸を多くもつ油脂は、n−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸の供給源として用いられている、2位にn−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸を多くもつ魚油に比べて血小板凝集能を抑制する効果が顕著に高く、動脈硬化症の予防や改善効果が期待でき、上記の目的が達成されることを見出した。本発明はかかる知見に基づいて完成されたものである。
【0010】
すなわち本発明の要旨は、グリセリドの構成脂肪酸としてn−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸を含み、n−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸の総量の0モル%未満がグリセリドの2位に結合したトリグリセリドからなる油脂を全油脂中5重量%以上含有していることを特徴とする血小板凝集能抑制用薬剤組成物である。
【0011】
本発明で特徴とするトリグリセリドは、n−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸を含有する脂肪酸とグリセリンとから構成されるトリグリセリドにおいて、n−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸の総量を100モル%としたとき、その40モル%未満とn−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸以外の任意の脂肪酸とがトリグリセリドの2位にエステル結合しており、かつn−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸の60モル%以上とn−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸以外の任意の脂肪酸とがトリグリセリドの1位および3位においてランダムにまたは非ランダムに分布してエステル結合しているものである。
【0012】
ここにn−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸とは炭素数が18以上で二重結合を3個以上を有するn−3系直鎖状不飽和脂肪酸をいい、具体的にはα−リノレン酸(C18:3)、オクタデカテトラエン酸(C18:4、6,9,12,15 −octadecatetraenoicacid )、アラキドン酸(C20:4)、EPA(C20:5)、ドコサペンタエン酸(C22:5、7,10,13,16,19 −docosapentaenoic acid )、DHA(C22:6)等を例示することができる。本発明では、これらのうちα−リノレン酸、アラキドン酸、EPA、ドコサペンタエン酸およびDHAからなる群から選ばれる1種もしくは2種以上の任意の割合の混合脂肪酸が好ましく、さらにはEPAおよび/またはDHAがより好ましい。
【0013】
またn−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸以外の脂肪酸としては、短鎖、中鎖および長鎖各脂肪酸、また飽和および不飽和各脂肪酸のいかんを問わず使用できるが、このうち直鎖状であって、炭素数が6以上の中鎖ないし長鎖の、飽和または不飽和脂肪酸に属するものが望ましい。かかる脂肪酸としてカプロン酸(C6:0 )、カプリル酸(C8:0 )、カプリン酸(C10:0)、ラウリン酸(C12:0)、ミリスチン酸(C14:0)、パルミチン酸(C16:0)、パルミトオレイン酸(C16:1)、ステアリン酸(C18:0)、オレイン酸(C18:1)、エライジン酸(C18:1)、リノール酸(C18:2)、α’−リノレン酸(C18:3、5,8,11−オクタデカトリエン酸)、γ−リノレン酸(C18:3、6,9,12−オクタデカトリエン酸)、エレオステアリン酸(C18:3、9,11,13 −オクタデカトリエン酸)、アラキジン酸(C20:0)、ガドレイン酸(C20:1)、ベヘン酸(C20:0)、エルカ酸(C22:1)、ブラシジン酸(C22:1)等をあげることができる。これらの脂肪酸は単独で用いてよく、または任意の割合の混合脂肪酸として使用してもさしつえない。なお、これらのうち、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、オレイン酸、リノール酸等が好ましい。
【0014】
前記したn−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸およびこれ以外の脂肪酸で構成される本発明のトリグリセリドを製造するには、化学合成法、エステル交換法、あるいは天然物からの抽出法等の技術を利用すればよい。
化学合成法としては、例えば所望量および組成の脂肪酸、脂肪酸無水物あるいは脂肪酸ハロゲン化物(脂肪酸クロライド)とグリセリンとを、酸性物質(塩酸、硫酸、パラトルエンスルホン酸等)、アルカリ性物質(水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等)、金属(亜鉛、スズ、チタン、ニッケル等)、金属酸化物(酸化亜鉛、アルミナ、酸化第一鉄等)、金属ハロゲン化物(塩化アルミニウム、塩化スズ等)等のエステル化触媒の存在下または非存在下で、窒素ガス気流中にて100〜250℃に加熱し、生成する水を除きながら1〜25時間エステル化反応せしめるのがよい。
【0015】
エステル化生成物は必要に応じてアルカリ脱酸処理、活性炭、活性白土、アルミナ、シリカゲル、イオン交換樹脂等を用いる吸着・分画処理、メタノールやエタノール等の親水性有機溶剤および/またはn−ヘキサンやキシレン等の親油性有機溶剤を用いる溶剤分別処理を施して遊離脂肪酸、モノグリセリド、ジグリセリド、着色物質、有臭成分等の不純物を除去し、さらにはこれらの処理を適宜に組み合わせ、トリグリセリドの2位に結合するn−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸残基の含有量が、トリグリセリドの1位、2位および3位に結合するn−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸残基の総含有量の40モル%未満となるようにトリグリセリド成分を分画ないしは濃縮してもよい。なお本発明のトリグリセリドは、例えば加熱かつ減圧下に水蒸気を吹き込み脱臭処理しておくことが望ましい。
【0016】
エステル交換法を利用して本発明のトリグリセリドを得るには、例えば原料としてn−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸を多量に含有する脂肪酸のトリグリセリド(成分a−1)とn−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸を実質的に含まないか少量含有の脂肪酸(成分a−2)、成分a−2の低級アルコールエステル(メチルエステル、エチルエステル等。以下同様。)または成分a−2のトリグリセリドとを所望割合で混合し、あるいはn−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸を実質的に含まないか少量含有の脂肪酸のトリグリセリド(成分b−1)とn−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸を多量に含有する脂肪酸(成分b−2)または成分b−2の低級アルコールエステルとを所要量混合し、触媒として水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等のアルカリ性物質、ナトリウムメチラート、ナトリウムエチラート、リチウムブチラート等の金属アルコラート(金属アルコキシド)、塩基性アニオン交換樹脂、酸性カチオン交換樹脂等のイオン交換樹脂、あるいはリパーゼを用いてエステル交換反応を行わしめるのが簡便である。なお触媒として特定のリパーゼを用いてエステル交換すると、後述するように、トリグリセリドの1位および3位に選択的に新たな脂肪酸基を導入することができ、本発明のトリグリセリドを製造する方法として望ましい。
【0017】
前記エステル交換の原料は、成分a−1としてアマニ油、エゴマ油、シソ油等の植物油、イワシ油、タラ肝油、ニシン油、イカ油、マグロ眼窩油等の魚油、クジラ、アザラシ、オットセイ等の海産哺乳動物を起源として得られる圧搾もしくは抽出油、該動物の乳脂、クロレラ、スピルリナ、ドナリエラ等またナンノクロロプシス属(例えばNannochloropsis oculata UTEX LB 2164 )、トラストキトリウム属(例えばThraustochytrium aureum ATCC 28211 、同 34304 )、クリプテコディニウム属(例えばCrypthecodinium cohnii ATCC 30021 、同 30334 、同 30336 、同 50052 )、イソクリシス属(例えばIsochrysis galbana CCAP927/1 UTEX LB 987 )等に属する微細藻類から抽出された油脂、モルティエレラ(Mortierella )属等の微生物 M.isabellina IFO 6336 、同 6739 、同 7873 、同 7884 ATCC 44853 等)に由来する油脂、またn−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸またはこれを任意の割合で含む前記各種脂肪酸(段落番号0013の項参照)との混合脂肪酸のトリグリセリドを使用できる。ここで ATCC:American Type Culture Collection (米国)、 CCAP:Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa (英国)、 UTEX:Culture Collection of Algae at the University of Texas (米国)、 IFO: 大阪発酵研究所の各略称である。成分a−2としては段落番号0013の項に記載の各種脂肪酸またはその誘導体を用いることができる。
【0018】
また成分b−1として動植物、微生物、微細藻類等から得られるトリグリセリドがあり、大豆油、菜種油、綿実油、コーン油、パーム油、ヤシ油、サフラワー油、ハイオレイックサフラワー油、ヒマワリ油、ハイオレイックヒマワリ油、オリーブ油、落花生油、カカオ脂、チャイニーズ タロウ、サル脂、シア脂、牛脂、ラード、これらの水素添加油脂、分別油脂、前記成分a−2のトリグリセリド、中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリド等を例示でき、成分b−2としては前記成分a−1の加水分解処理によって得られる脂肪酸がある。
【0019】
エステル交換反応は、一例として前記原料をモル比率で成分a−1:成分a−2=1:0.1〜5、成分b−1:成分b−2=1:2〜10となるように混合し、アルカリまたは金属アルコラートを触媒とする場合には実質的に無水状態として80〜120℃で0.5〜3時間エステル交換反応せしめる。またイオン交換樹脂を用いる場合も同様に無水状態とするが、室温〜40℃程度にてカラム方式で原料を循環接触させるのがよい。リパーゼを触媒として用いる場合には、原料中の水分量を1重量%以下にし、市販のリパーゼ粉末あるいはこれを公知の担体例えばセライト、ケイソウ土、活性炭、多孔質ガラス、イオン交換樹脂、キトサン、高分子ゲル、セルロース粉末等に固定化した固定化リパーゼを加え、20〜80℃で0.5〜20時間エステル交換反応せしめる。
【0020】
リパーゼは次に述べる微生物を起源とするものあるいは動物臓器由来のものを使用できる。すなわちアスペルギルス属(例えばAspergillus niger )、ムコール属(例えばMucor miehei)、キャンディダ属(例えばCandida cyrindracea )、シュードモナス属(例えばPseudomonas fragi )、アルカリゲネス属(例えば特公昭58−36953号公報に記載のAlcaligenes sp. )、リゾプス属(例えばRhizopus delemar)、ジオトリクム属(例えばGeotrichum candidum )等に属する微生物起源のリパーゼおよびブタ、ウシ等の膵臓リパーゼである。このうちアスペルギルス属、ムコール属、アルカリゲネス属およびリゾプス属の微生物を起源とするリパーゼ、ブタ膵臓リパーゼはグリセリドの1位および3位に特異的に作用するため、本発明のトリグリセリドを製造するに際しては好適である。
【0021】
前述した各種エステル交換方法によって得られるエステル交換反応物は、選択する原料の種類によってはエステル交換反応物そのものを本発明で用いるトリグリセリドとすることができるが、前記化学合成法によって得られるエステル化生成物の場合と同様に、必要に応じてアルカリ脱酸処理、吸着・分画処理、溶剤分別処理あるいは無溶剤分別(ウィンタリング)処理等を適宜に組み合わせてエステル交換反応物に施し、不純物を除去したりグリセリド成分を分画あるいは濃縮して本発明で用いるトリグリセリドとすることもできる。なお該トリグリセリドは脱臭処理しておくことが望ましい。
【0022】
本発明に係るトリグリセリドは天然物から油脂分を抽出する方法によっても得ることができる。すなわち前記エステル交換の原料(成分a−1)として記載したもののうち、クジラ、アザラシ(harbour seal、harp seal 等)、オットセイ等の海産哺乳動物の体組織、該動物から分泌される乳汁、クロレラ、スピルリナ、ドナリエラ等の微細藻類の細胞またはこれらの培養細胞、ナンノクロロプシス(Nannochloropsis )属、トラストキトリウム(Thraustochytrium)属、クリプテコディニウム(Crypthecodinium )属およびイソクリシス(Isochrysis)属等に属する微細藻類例えばナンノクロロプシス オキュラータ(Nannochloropsis oculata )、トラストキトリウム アウレウム(Thraustochytrium aureum )、クリプテコディニウム コーニー(Crypthecodinium cohnii)、イソクリシスガルバナ(Isochrysis galbana)等の細胞またはこれらの培養細胞を原材料とする。なお微生物を起源とする場合には、これから得られるトリグリセリドが本発明のグリセリド構造を満足するものであればさしつかえない。
【0023】
これらを圧搾処理もしくはn−ヘキサン、クロロホルム、ベンゼン、ジエチルエーテル、メタノール等の有機溶剤を用いて抽出処理または分別処理して油分を得、これに脱ガム、アルカリ脱酸、脱色、脱臭等の処理を施して遊離脂肪酸、リン脂質、糖脂質、不ケン化物、着色物質、有臭成分等の不純物を除き、グリセリド画分を得ることができる。このグリセリド画分は本発明で用いるトリグリセリドとして利用できるが、該グリセリド画分をさらに無溶剤低温分別、溶剤分別あるいはシリカゲル・カラム等により分画して、トリグリセリドの2位に結合するn−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸残基がより一層少ないトリグリセリドを製造することも可能である。
【0024】
以上に述べたような化学合成法、エステル交換法、あるいは天然物からの抽出法等によって製造される本発明のトリグリセリドは、その構成脂肪酸としてのn−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸の総量の40モル%未満がトリグリセリドの2位にエステル結合するものであるが、より好ましくは20モル%未満である。40モル%以上になると本発明の所望の効果は小さくなる。本発明のトリグリセリドはそのままで油脂として利用でき、また通常の食用油脂例えば成分b−1として記載したような動植物系油脂と混合して油脂としても用いることができる。このとき本発明のトリグリセリドの含有量は油脂全体の5〜100重量%が望ましく、さらには10〜100重量%がより一層好ましい。最も好ましくは20〜100重量%である。5重量%未満では本発明の所望の効果が小さい。
【0025】
本発明に係る油脂は、例えば通常の食用動植物系油脂、ビタミンE、β−カロチン等とともにソフトカプセルやマイクロカプセル等のカプセル状態にして摂取することができ、また通常の食用油脂と同様に食品素材として各種加工食品の原料、料理の材料に用い、摂食することができる。また本発明に係る油脂は動脈硬化症の予防および治療のために利用されることが期待できる。
【0026】
【実施例】
実施例1
トリオレイン1kgと、魚油(タマ生化学(株)製、商品名:EPA−18)加水分解混合脂肪酸を低温分別した魚油加水分解脂肪酸濃縮物(総脂肪酸中のC20:5:37.4モル%、C22:5:5.4モル%、C22:6:25.2モル%。n−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸として72.5モル%。BHTを0.01重量%添加。)とをモル比で1:5にて混合し、水分含量を0.2重量%に調節した後、リポザイムIM20(商品名。ノボ ノルディスク社製、ムコール ミーハイ(Mucor miehei)由来のリパーゼ)を充填したガラス製カラム(10cmφ×60cm) に40℃にて通し選択的エステル交換反応を行わせた。
【0027】
水蒸気蒸留および水洗処理にてエステル交換反応物から遊離脂肪酸を除去した後、n−ヘキサンで浸潤させたシリカゲル(和光製薬(株)製、商品名:ワコーゲルC100)を充填したステンレス製カラムに供し、n−ヘキサンで溶出させジグリセリドを除き、本発明のトリグリセリド720gを得た。本トリグリセリドを構成する全脂肪酸組成、グリセリドの1位および3位、2位の各脂肪酸組成をGLC分析によって求めた。この結果を表1に示す。本トリグリセリドを構成するC20:5の90モル%。C22:6の95モル%以上、n−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸の総量の93.5モル%がトリグリセリドの1位および3位に分布していた。すなわち本トリグリセリドの2位にはn−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸の総量の6.5モル%が分布していた。本トリグリセリドを以下の動物実験の試験油とした。
【0028】
本トリグリセリドの一部にナトリウムメトキシド0.1重量%を加え、減圧下100℃にてランダムエステル交換反応を行わせた後、セライトを用いて濾過し、本トリグリセリドのランダムエステル交換物を得た。この全脂肪酸組成、1位および3位、2位の各脂肪酸組成を前記同様に求めた(表1参照)。このトリグリセリドの2位にはn−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸の総量の50.6モル%が分布していた。このランダムエステル交換物を動物実験の対照油とした。
【0029】
【表1】

Figure 0003544247
【0030】
4週齢のSD系雄性ラット7匹を1試験区とし、試験油および対照油を用い、各5重量%配合した飼料(表2参照)を用いて飼育実験を行った。この間、飼料成分の酸化劣化を防ぐために、飼料は毎日調製し給餌した。水と前記各飼料とを自由摂取させて3週間飼育したのち、各試験区ラットの大動脈のPGIおよび血液中のTXAの各量を測定した。この結果を表3に示す。なお各試験区とも飼料摂取量、体重増加量および肝臓重量に有意差は認められなかった。
この実験結果から、本発明に係るトリグリセリド(試験油)はラットに対して副作用がなく、試験油を添加した区では、PGIの産生量が顕著に増大(すなわち血小板凝集能の抑制作用および動脈弛緩作用の増加)し、かつTXAの産生量が極めて減少(すなわち血小板凝集能の誘起作用および動脈収縮作用の低下)することが明らかになり、したがって本発明に係るトリグリセリドは動脈硬化症の予防および治療のために利用できる可能性が認められた。
【0031】
【表2】
Figure 0003544247
【0032】
【表3】
Figure 0003544247
【0033】
実施例2
試験油脂(本発明のトリグリセリドを含む油脂)および対照油脂を次のように調製した。すなわち試験油脂はharp seal (アザラシ)油脂をドライアイス/アセトン冷媒で−80℃、1時間冷却し、析出した結晶部を濾紙で濾別して調製した。対照油脂は脂肪酸組成の異なる2種類の魚油(タラ肝油と雑魚油との混合油、マグロ眼窩油)をドライアイス/アセトン冷媒で同様に冷却、分別した濃縮物をブレンドし、その総脂肪酸組成を試験油脂のそれとほぼ近似するものとした。表4これらの脂肪酸組成を示す。
【0034】
【表4】
Figure 0003544247
【0035】
4週齢のSD系雄性ラット7匹を1試験区とし、前記の試験油脂および対照油脂を用い、それぞれ20重量%含む油脂(試験油脂または対照油脂20重量部、パーム油50重量部、ハイオレイックサフラワー油5重量部およびハイリノールサフラワー油25重量部の混合油脂。脂肪酸組成は表5参照。)を各10重量%配合した飼料(飼料組成は脂肪5重量%を10重量%とし、コーンスターチ41.7重量%を36.7重量%とする以外は実施例1と同じ。)で、飼育実験を行った。この間、飼料成分の酸化劣化を防ぐために、飼料は毎日調製し給餌した。水と前記各飼料とを自由摂取させて3週間飼育したのち、各試験区ラットの大動脈のPGIおよび血液中のTXAの各量を測定した(表6参照)。なお各試験区とも飼料摂取量、体重増加量および肝臓重量に有意な差異は認められなかった。
この実験結果から、試験油脂(本発明に係るトリグリセリドを含有する油脂)を添加した区では、ラットに対して副作用が認められず、またPGI産生の増大およびTXA産生の減少すなわち血小板凝集能の抑制作用と動脈血管拡張作用とが増強されることが明らかになった。したがって本発明に係るトリグリセリドを含有する油脂は動脈硬化症の予防および治療のために利用できる可能性が認められた。
【0036】
【表5】
Figure 0003544247
【0037】
【表7】
Figure 0003544247
【0038】
実施例3
実施例2で使用した試験油脂および対照油脂の配合割合を変えた油脂を飼料に添加して実施例2と同様にラット飼育実験を行った。すなわち4週齢のSD系雄性ラット7匹を1試験区とし、実施例2に記載の試験油脂または対照油脂をそれぞれ10重量%含む油脂(試験油脂または対照油脂10重量部、パーム油50重量部、ハイオレイックサフラワー油10重量部およびハイリノールサフラワー油30重量部の混合油脂。脂肪酸組成は表7参照。)を各10重量%配合した飼料(飼料組成は脂肪分を除き実施例2と同じ。)で、飼育実験を行った。この間、飼料成分の酸化劣化を防ぐために、飼料は毎日調製した。水と前記各飼料とを自由摂取させて3週間飼育したのち、各試験区ラットの大動脈のPGIおよび血液中のTXAの各量を測定した(表8参照)。なお各試験区とも飼料摂取量、体重増加量および肝臓重量に有意な差異は認められなかった。
この実験結果および実施例2の結果から、本発明に係るトリグリセリドを含有する油脂は、ラットに対して副作用を及ぼすことなく、対照油脂に比べて少量の試験油脂を混合した油脂の場合をも含めて、PGI産生量の増大およびTXA産生量の減少をひきおこし、血小板凝集能の抑制作用と動脈血管の拡張作用とを増強せしめることが明らかになった。このことから、本発明に係るトリグリセリドを含有する油脂は動脈硬化症の予防および治療のために利用できる可能性が認められた。
【0039】
【表7】
Figure 0003544247
【0040】
【表8】
Figure 0003544247
【0041】
実施例4
微細藻類クリプテコディニウム コーニー(Crypthecodinium cohnii、ATCC30336)を表9に示す培地30リットルに植えつけ、30℃にて、ジャーファーメンターで100時間通気培養し、培養液から培養藻体を遠心分離して集め、さらにこれを凍結乾燥した(収量625g)。この乾燥藻体をクロロホルム:メタノール=1:1(重量比)混合溶媒中でヒスコトロン(商品名。日音医理科器械製作所製)により細胞破砕して抽出し、油分520gを得た。n−ヘキサン中に分散させたシリカゲル(和光純薬(株)製、商品名:ワコーゲルC100)を充填したステンレス製カラムに前記油分を供し、ジエチルエーテル:n−ヘキサン=10:90(容量比)にて溶出させ、本発明に係るトリグリセリド250gを得た。本トリグリセリド(これを試験油脂とした)の脂肪酸組成を実施例1と同様にして求めた(表10参照)。
【0042】
【表9】
Figure 0003544247
Figure 0003544247
【0043】
【表10】
Figure 0003544247
【0044】
かくして得られた微細藻類由来のトリグリセリド(試験油脂)および実施例2に記載の対照油脂を用い、それぞれ10重量%含む油脂(試験油脂または対照油脂10重量部、パーム油50重量部、ハイオレイックサフラワー油10重量部およびハイリノールサフラワー油30重量部の混合油脂。脂肪酸組成は表11参照。)を各10重量%配合した飼料(飼料組成は脂肪分を除き実施例3と同じ。)を調製し、実施例3と同様の飼育試験を行った。各試験区ラットの大動脈のPGIおよび血中のTXAの産生量の分析結果を表12に示す。なお各試験区とも飼料摂取量、体重増加量および肝臓重量に有意差は認められなかった。この実験結果および実施例2の結果から、本発明に係る油脂はラットに対して副作用を及ぼさず、対照油脂に比べて少量の試験油脂を混合した油脂の場合をも含めて、PGI産生量を増大およびTXA産生量を減少させ、血小板凝集能の抑制作用と動脈血管の拡張作用とを増強せしめることが明らかになった。このことから、本発明にかかるトリグリセリドを含有する油脂は動脈硬化症の予防および治療のために利用できる可能性が認められた。
【0045】
【表11】
Figure 0003544247
【0046】
【表12】
Figure 0003544247
【0047】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、動物に対して、副作用がなく、従来のn−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸供給源に比べてPGI産生を増大させかつTXA産生を減少させる効果が大きく、魚油等の従来のn−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸供給源よりも少量の摂取で、血小板凝集能を抑制しかつ動脈血管を拡張する作用のあるエイコサノイド産生力に富み、したがって動脈硬化症の予防および改善を容易ならしめる作用のある油脂を提供できる。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to suppression of platelet aggregation ability, which has an action of suppressing platelet aggregation ability .
[0002]
[Prior art]
Atherosclerosis is pathologically divided into atherosclerosis, medial sclerosis and arteriosclerosis. Atherosclerosis causes fat deposition and plaque formation in the intima of coronary artery, basilar artery, renal artery, thoracic / abdominal aorta, etc. Arteriosclerosis is a sclerotic change observed in arterioles such as kidney / adrenal gland, spleen, ovary and pancreas.
These arteriosclerosis is thought to be caused by unlimited proliferation of medial smooth muscle cells in the intima and abnormal accumulation of intracellular cholesterol. Promotes adhesion and aggregation of platelets and progresses to arterial thrombus.
[0003]
Eicosanoids such as prostaglandins and thromboxanes synthesized from polyunsaturated fatty acids in vivo have platelet aggregation action and vasoconstriction action, and conversely have platelet aggregation inhibition action and vasodilation action. And these eicosanoids are known to be closely associated with arteriosclerosis. Among eicosanoids, prostaglandin I 2 (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as PGI 2 ) has a platelet aggregation inhibitory action, vasodilatory action and blood pressure lowering action, and is a thromboxane A 2 (hereinafter abbreviated as TXA 2). Is known to have a platelet aggregation-inducing action and a vasoconstrictive action.
[0004]
By the way, according to a conventional epidemiological survey, Eskimo people living on Greenland Island, who regularly eat fish and sea animals, compared with Danish people who have almost the same high fat diet, including arteriosclerosis. The incidence of ischemic heart disease is found to be low, and it has been found that dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids are involved in the onset of such disease (Dyerberg, T. et al., Am. J. Clin. Nutrition, 28, 958, 1975).
Further, according to further epidemiological investigation, eicosapentaenoic acid (all cis -5, 8, 11, 14, 17-eicosapentaenoic acid, hereinafter abbreviated as EPA. C 20: 5 , the number after C is the total number of carbons: double bond N-3 series long chain such as docosahexaenoic acid (all cis -4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19-docosahexaenoic acid, hereinafter abbreviated as DHA; C 22: 6 ). There is a significant correlation between the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, etc., suppression of platelet aggregation, and a decrease in whole blood viscosity, and there is an inverse correlation between cardiovascular disease and mortality from cerebrovascular disease. It has been reported that there is a reduction in mortality due to disease (eg, Hirai, A. et al., Lancet, Volume 2, pages 1132, 198). Year).
Anti-platelet aggregation action and plasma lipid improvement action can be considered as the mechanism of mortality reduction from ischemic heart disease by ingestion of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.
[0005]
For the treatment of arterial thrombus using drugs, antiplatelet therapy mainly composed of platelet aggregation inhibitors (eg, warfarin, aspirin, etc.) and thrombolytic agents (eg, urokinase, streptokinase, etc.) ) Is widely used.
On the other hand, as described above, it has been confirmed that ingestion of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as EPA and DHA is effective for the prevention and treatment of ischemic heart diseases such as arteriosclerosis. It has been revealed by clinical experiments.
[0006]
Therefore, for the purpose of preventing arteriosclerosis or improving symptoms, health foods that intentionally ingest foods containing a large amount of fish containing EPA or DHA, or fish oil or fish oil concentrates containing EPA or DHA, etc. Etc. are commercially available. However, it was necessary to ingest or administer them in large quantities over a long period of time.
Fish oils containing EPA and DHA mainly include sardine oil, cod liver oil, herring oil, squid oil, tuna orbital oil, etc. The chemical structure of these oils and fats are all present in ester bonds to glycerides. 50 mol% or more of the total amount of the -3 series long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid is the constituent fatty acid at the 2-position of the triglyceride. In other words, the n-3 series long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid is more than the 1- and 3-positions. It has a triglyceride structure with more ester bonds at the 2-position.
[0007]
On the other hand, EPA and DHA have the effect of preventing or ameliorating arteriosclerosis as described above, but they are oxidized because they have many double bonds in the molecule compared to the fatty acids that constitute ordinary edible vegetable oils and fats. It is known that it is easy to cause excessive effects when taken in excess. It is speculated that when lipid peroxidation proceeds in vivo, the biological membrane is damaged, causing lesions such as ischemic disease, arteriosclerosis, cataract, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, collagen disease, amyloidosis.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of such a current situation, and the object of the present invention is to provide a conventional n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid source with no side effects on animals including humans. It is an object of the present invention to provide a pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting platelet aggregation , which has the effect of suppressing the platelet aggregation ability and, moreover, facilitating the prevention and improvement of arteriosclerosis with a smaller amount of intake.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have found that fats and oils having many n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids at the 1-position and / or 3-position of the glyceride structure are n-3. The effect of suppressing platelet aggregation ability is remarkably high compared to fish oil having a large amount of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids at the 2-position, which is used as a source of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. It has been found that prevention and improvement effects of arteriosclerosis can be expected and the above-mentioned purpose is achieved. The present invention has been completed based on such findings.
[0010]
That is, the gist of the present invention includes n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids as constituent fatty acids of glycerides, and less than 20 mol% of the total amount of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids is the 2-position of glycerides. it is platelet aggregation inhibiting agent composition characterized containing 5 wt% or more in the total fat bound triglycerides Tona Ru fats to.
[0011]
The triglyceride characterized in the present invention is a triglyceride composed of a fatty acid containing n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid and glycerin, and the total amount of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid is 100 mol. %, Less than 40 mol% and any fatty acid other than n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid are ester-bonded at the 2-position of triglyceride, and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated More than 60 mol% of saturated fatty acids and any fatty acid other than n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are ester-bonded at the 1st and 3rd positions of triglycerides randomly or non-randomly. is there.
[0012]
Here, the n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid means an n-3 straight-chain unsaturated fatty acid having 18 or more carbon atoms and having 3 or more double bonds, specifically α-linolene. Acid ( C18: 3 ), octadecatetraenoic acid ( C18: 4 , 6,9,12,15-octadecatetraenoicacid), arachidonic acid (C20 : 4 ), EPA (C20 : 5 ), docosapentaene Examples thereof include acids (C22 : 5 , 7, 10, 13, 16, 19-docosapentaenoic acid), DHA (C22 : 6 ), and the like. In the present invention, among these, α-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, EPA, docosapentaenoic acid, and a mixed fatty acid having an arbitrary ratio of two or more selected from the group consisting of DHA are preferable. Or DHA is more preferable.
[0013]
As fatty acids other than n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, any of short-chain, medium-chain and long-chain fatty acids, and saturated and unsaturated fatty acids can be used. It is desirable to use a medium or long chain saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having 6 or more carbon atoms. Such fatty acids include caproic acid (C 6: 0 ), caprylic acid (C 8: 0 ), capric acid (C 10: 0 ), lauric acid (C 12: 0 ), myristic acid (C 14: 0 ), palmitic acid. (C 16: 0 ), palmitooleic acid (C 16: 1 ), stearic acid (C 18: 0 ), oleic acid (C 18: 1 ), elaidic acid (C 18: 1 ), linoleic acid (C 18 : 2 ), α′-linolenic acid (C 18: 3 , 5,8,11-octadecatrienoic acid), γ-linolenic acid (C 18: 3 , 6,9,12-octadecatrienoic acid), Leostearic acid ( C18: 3 , 9,11,13-octadecatrienoic acid), arachidic acid (C20 : 0 ), gadoleic acid (C20 : 1 ), behenic acid (C20 : 0 ), erucic acid (C 22: 1 ), brassic acid (C 2 2: 1 ). These fatty acids may be used alone or in any proportion as a mixed fatty acid. Of these, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and the like are preferable.
[0014]
In order to produce the triglyceride of the present invention composed of the above-described n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid and other fatty acids, techniques such as chemical synthesis, transesterification, or extraction from natural products Can be used.
Chemical synthesis methods include, for example, a desired amount and composition of fatty acid, fatty acid anhydride or fatty acid halide (fatty acid chloride) and glycerin, acidic substances (hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, paratoluenesulfonic acid, etc.), alkaline substances (sodium hydroxide) Esterification of metal (zinc, tin, titanium, nickel, etc.), metal oxides (zinc oxide, alumina, ferrous oxide, etc.), metal halides (aluminum chloride, tin chloride, etc.) In the presence or absence of a catalyst, the mixture is heated to 100 to 250 ° C. in a nitrogen gas stream, and the esterification reaction is preferably performed for 1 to 25 hours while removing generated water.
[0015]
The esterification product is subjected to alkali deoxidation treatment, activated carbon, activated clay, alumina, silica gel, ion exchange resin or the like as necessary, hydrophilic organic solvents such as methanol and ethanol, and / or n-hexane. To remove impurities such as free fatty acids, monoglycerides, diglycerides, coloring substances, odorous components, etc., and combine these treatments as appropriate. The total content of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid residues that bind to the 1-position, 2-position, and 3-position of triglycerides is the content of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid residues that bind to You may fractionate or concentrate a triglyceride component so that it may become less than 40 mol% of quantity. The triglyceride of the present invention is desirably deodorized by, for example, blowing steam under heating and under reduced pressure.
[0016]
In order to obtain the triglyceride of the present invention using the transesterification method, for example, a triglyceride of fatty acid (component a-1) containing a large amount of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid as a raw material and the n-3 length Fatty acid (component a-2) that is substantially free of chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, component a-2, lower alcohol ester (methyl ester, ethyl ester, etc., the same shall apply hereinafter) or component a-2 A triglyceride is mixed in a desired ratio, or a triglyceride (component b-1) of a fatty acid substantially free of or containing a small amount of an n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid and an n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid. A necessary amount of a fatty acid (component b-2) containing a large amount of saturated fatty acid or a lower alcohol ester of component b-2 is mixed, and an alkaline substance such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide is used as a catalyst. It is convenient to conduct transesterification using metal alcoholates (metal alkoxides) such as mumethylate, sodium ethylate, lithium butyrate, ion exchange resins such as basic anion exchange resins, acidic cation exchange resins, or lipases. . In addition, when transesterification is performed using a specific lipase as a catalyst, a new fatty acid group can be selectively introduced at the 1-position and 3-position of the triglyceride as described later, which is desirable as a method for producing the triglyceride of the present invention. .
[0017]
The raw materials for the transesterification are component oils such as linseed oil, egoma oil, perilla oil, sardine oil, cod liver oil, herring oil, squid oil, fish oil such as tuna orbital oil, whales, seals, fur seals, etc. pressed or extracted oil obtained a marine mammal as a source of animal milk fat, Chlorella, Spirulina, Dunaliella, etc. also Nannochloropsis genus (e.g. Nannochloropsis oculata, UTEX LB 2164, etc.), trust key thorium genus (e.g. Thraustochytrium aureum, ATCC 28211, the 34304, etc.), the genus Crypthecodinium (e.g. Crypthecodinium cohnii, ATCC 30021, the 30334, the 30336, the 50052, etc.), Isochrysis genus (e.g. Is chrysis galbana, CCAP927 / 1, UTEX LB 987 , etc.) fat extracted from microalgae belonging to such, Mortierella (Mortierella) microorganisms belonging to the genus such as (M.isabellina, IFO 6336, the 6739, the 7873, the 7884, ATCC Oils derived from 44853, etc.) , n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, or triglycerides of fatty acids mixed with the above-mentioned various fatty acids (see paragraph No. 0013) containing them in any proportion. Here ATCC: American Type Culture Collection (USA), CCAP: Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa ( UK), UTEX: Culture Collection of Algae at the University of Texas ( USA), IFO: there is in each abbreviation of the Osaka Institute for Fermentation . As the component a-2, various fatty acids or derivatives thereof described in paragraph No. 0013 can be used.
[0018]
In addition, as component b-1, there are triglycerides obtained from animals and plants, microorganisms, microalgae, etc., soybean oil, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, palm oil, palm oil, safflower oil, high oleic safflower oil, sunflower oil, High oleic sunflower oil, olive oil, peanut oil, cacao butter, Chinese tallow, monkey butter, shea butter, beef tallow, lard, these hydrogenated fats and oils, fractionated fats and oils, triglycerides of component a-2, medium chain fatty acid triglycerides, etc. Examples of the component b-2 include fatty acids obtained by the hydrolysis treatment of the component a-1.
[0019]
In the transesterification reaction, as an example, the raw materials are in a molar ratio such that component a-1: component a-2 = 1: 0.1-5, component b-1: component b-2 = 1: 2-10. In the case of using an alkali or metal alcoholate as a catalyst, they are mixed and subjected to a transesterification reaction at 80 to 120 ° C. for 0.5 to 3 hours. Similarly, when an ion exchange resin is used, it is in an anhydrous state, but it is preferable to circulate and contact the raw material in a column system at room temperature to about 40 ° C. When lipase is used as a catalyst, the water content in the raw material is set to 1% by weight or less, and a commercially available lipase powder or a known carrier such as celite, diatomaceous earth, activated carbon, porous glass, ion exchange resin, chitosan, high An immobilized lipase immobilized on molecular gel, cellulose powder or the like is added, and the ester exchange reaction is carried out at 20 to 80 ° C. for 0.5 to 20 hours.
[0020]
As the lipase, those derived from microorganisms or animal organs described below can be used. That is, the genus Aspergillus (for example, Aspergillus niger), the genus Mucor (for example, Mucor miehei), the genus Candida (for example, Candida cylindracea), the genus Pseudomonas (for example, Pseudomonas fragii), and the genus Alkagenes (for example, the description of sp. ), Lipases of microbial origin belonging to the genus Rhizopus (for example, Rhizopus delmar), genus Geotrichum (for example, Geotrichum candidum) and the like, and pancreatic lipases such as pigs and cows. Of these, lipases originating from microorganisms belonging to the genus Aspergillus, Mucor, Alkagenes and Rhizopus, and porcine pancreatic lipase specifically act on the 1st and 3rd positions of glycerides, and are therefore suitable for producing the triglycerides of the present invention. It is.
[0021]
The transesterification product obtained by the various transesterification methods described above can be converted to the triglyceride used in the present invention depending on the kind of raw material selected, but the esterification product obtained by the chemical synthesis method can be used. As in the case of products, if necessary, alkaline deoxidation treatment, adsorption / fractionation treatment, solvent fractionation treatment, or solvent-free fractionation (wintering) treatment, etc., are applied to the transesterification reaction product to remove impurities. Or the glyceride component may be fractionated or concentrated to obtain the triglyceride used in the present invention. The triglyceride is preferably deodorized.
[0022]
The triglyceride according to the present invention can also be obtained by a method for extracting fats and oils from natural products. That is, among those described as the raw material for the transesterification (component a-1), whales, seals (harbor seal, harp seal etc.), body tissues of marine mammals such as fur seals, milk secreted from the animals, chlorella, Cells of microalgae such as Spirulina and Donariella or cultured cells thereof, the genus Nannochloropsis, the genus Thraustochytrium, the genus Crypthecodinium and the genus Isochrysis For example, Nannochloropsis oculata, Thraustochytrium aureu m), cells such as Crypthecodinium conei, Isochrysis galvana, or cultured cells thereof are used as raw materials. In the case of originating from microorganisms, any triglyceride obtained from the microorganism can be used as long as it satisfies the glyceride structure of the present invention.
[0023]
These are squeezed or extracted or fractionated using an organic solvent such as n-hexane, chloroform, benzene, diethyl ether, methanol, etc. to obtain oils, which are treated with degumming, alkaline deoxidation, decolorization, deodorization, etc. Can be applied to remove impurities such as free fatty acids, phospholipids, glycolipids, unsaponifiables, coloring substances, odorous components, etc. to obtain a glyceride fraction. This glyceride fraction can be used as a triglyceride used in the present invention, but the glyceride fraction is further fractionated by solvent-free low-temperature fractionation, solvent fractionation, silica gel column or the like, and n-3 series which binds to the 2-position of triglyceride It is also possible to produce triglycerides with much less long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid residues.
[0024]
The triglyceride of the present invention produced by the chemical synthesis method, transesterification method or extraction method from natural products as described above is the total amount of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids as constituent fatty acids. Is less than 40 mol%, more preferably less than 20 mol%. When it is 40 mol% or more, the desired effect of the present invention is reduced. The triglycerides of the present invention can be used as they are as fats and oils, and can also be used as fats and oils by mixing them with ordinary edible fats and oils such as those described as component b-1. At this time, the content of the triglyceride of the present invention is preferably 5 to 100% by weight, more preferably 10 to 100% by weight, based on the total fat. Most preferably, it is 20 to 100% by weight. If it is less than 5% by weight, the desired effect of the present invention is small.
[0025]
The fats and oils according to the present invention can be ingested in a capsule state such as soft capsules and microcapsules together with, for example, normal edible animal and vegetable oils and fats, vitamin E, β-carotene, etc. It can be used as a raw material for various processed foods and cooking ingredients. Further, the oil and fat according to the present invention can be expected to be used for the prevention and treatment of arteriosclerosis.
[0026]
【Example】
Example 1
1 kg of triolein and fish oil (manufactured by Tama Seikagaku Co., Ltd., trade name: EPA-18) Fish oil hydrolyzed fatty acid concentrate obtained by low temperature fractionation of hydrolyzed mixed fatty acid (C 20: 5 in total fatty acid: 37.4 mol) %, C 22: 5 : 5.4 mol%, C 22: 6 : 25.2 mol%, 72.5 mol% as an n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, and 0.01 wt% BHT added )) At a molar ratio of 1: 5, and the water content was adjusted to 0.2% by weight, and then Lipozyme IM20 (trade name, manufactured by Novo Nordisk, lipase derived from Mucor miehei) Was passed through a glass column (10 cmφ × 60 cm) packed with 40 ° C. to carry out selective transesterification.
[0027]
After removing the free fatty acid from the transesterification product by steam distillation and water washing treatment, it was subjected to a stainless steel column packed with silica gel (made by Wako Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., trade name: Wakogel C100) infiltrated with n-hexane, By eluting with n-hexane, diglyceride was removed to obtain 720 g of the triglyceride of the present invention. The total fatty acid composition constituting this triglyceride and the fatty acid compositions at the 1st, 3rd and 2nd positions of the glyceride were determined by GLC analysis. The results are shown in Table 1. 90 mol% of C 20: 5 constituting the triglyceride. 95 mol% or more of C 22: 6 and 93.5 mol% of the total amount of the n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid were distributed at the 1st and 3rd positions of the triglyceride. That is, 6.5 mol% of the total amount of the n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid was distributed at the 2-position of the triglyceride. This triglyceride was used as a test oil for the following animal experiments.
[0028]
Sodium methoxide (0.1% by weight) was added to a part of this triglyceride, and a random transesterification reaction was performed at 100 ° C. under reduced pressure, followed by filtration using Celite to obtain a random transesterification product of this triglyceride. . The total fatty acid composition, the first, third, and second fatty acid compositions were determined in the same manner as described above (see Table 1). 50.6 mol% of the total amount of the n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid was distributed at the 2-position of the triglyceride. This random transesterification product was used as a control oil for animal experiments.
[0029]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003544247
[0030]
Seven 4-week-old male SD rats were used as one test group, and a breeding experiment was conducted using a test oil and a control oil (see Table 2) containing 5% by weight of each. During this time, feed was prepared and fed daily to prevent oxidative degradation of the feed components. After freely ingesting water and each of the above feeds and rearing for 3 weeks, the amounts of PGI 2 in the aorta and TXA 2 in the blood of each test group were measured. The results are shown in Table 3. In each test group, there was no significant difference in feed intake, body weight gain and liver weight.
From this experimental result, the triglyceride (test oil) according to the present invention has no side effects on rats, and in the group to which the test oil was added, the production amount of PGI 2 was remarkably increased (that is, the inhibitory action on the platelet aggregation ability and the arteries). It becomes clear that the production of TXA 2 is extremely reduced (ie, the inducing action of platelet aggregation ability and the reduction of arterial contraction action), and therefore the triglyceride according to the present invention prevents arteriosclerosis. And the possibility of being available for treatment was recognized.
[0031]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003544247
[0032]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003544247
[0033]
Example 2
A test fat (fat containing the triglyceride of the present invention) and a control fat were prepared as follows. That is, the test fats and oils were prepared by cooling harp seal oils and fats with a dry ice / acetone refrigerant at −80 ° C. for 1 hour, and filtering the precipitated crystal parts with filter paper. The control fat / oil is a mixture of two different kinds of fish oils with different fatty acid composition (mixed oil of cod liver oil and miscellaneous fish oil, tuna orbital oil), similarly cooled and separated with dry ice / acetone refrigerant, and the total fatty acid composition is blended. Approximate to that of the test oil. Table 4 shows the fatty acid composition.
[0034]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003544247
[0035]
Seven 4-week-old male SD rats were used as one test group, and each of the above test fats and control fats and oils contained 20% by weight (test fat or control fat or oil 20 parts by weight, palm oil 50 parts by weight, hyoleum Mixed fats and oils of 5 parts by weight of ix safflower oil and 25 parts by weight of hylinol safflower oil (see Table 5 for fatty acid composition). A breeding experiment was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 41.7% by weight of corn starch was changed to 36.7% by weight. During this time, feed was prepared and fed daily to prevent oxidative degradation of the feed components. After freely ingesting water and each of the above feeds and rearing for 3 weeks, the amounts of PGI 2 in the aorta and TXA 2 in the blood of each test group rat were measured (see Table 6). In each test group, there was no significant difference in feed intake, body weight gain, or liver weight.
From the experimental results, in the ward with added test fats (fats and oils comprising triglycerides of the present invention), not observed side effects in rats, also reduces i.e. platelet aggregation and increased TXA 2 production PGI 2 production It was clarified that the inhibitory action and arterial vasodilatory action are enhanced. Therefore, it was recognized that the fats and oils containing the triglyceride according to the present invention could be used for the prevention and treatment of arteriosclerosis.
[0036]
[Table 5]
Figure 0003544247
[0037]
[Table 7]
Figure 0003544247
[0038]
Example 3
The fat rearing experiment was conducted in the same manner as in Example 2 by adding to the feed the fats and oils in which the mixing ratios of the test fats and control fats and oils used in Example 2 were changed. That is, seven SD male rats of 4 weeks of age are used as one test group, and fats and oils each containing 10% by weight of the test fat or the control fat described in Example 2 (test fat or control fat or oil 10 parts by weight, palm oil 50 parts by weight) , A mixed fat / oil of 10 parts by weight of high oleic safflower oil and 30 parts by weight of hyrinol safflower oil (see Table 7 for fatty acid composition). The same as the above). During this time, feed was prepared daily to prevent oxidative degradation of the feed components. After free intake of water and each of the above feeds and rearing for 3 weeks, the amounts of PGI 2 in the aorta and TXA 2 in the blood of each test group rat were measured (see Table 8). In each test group, there was no significant difference in feed intake, body weight gain, or liver weight.
From the results of this experiment and the results of Example 2, the fats and oils containing the triglyceride according to the present invention include the case of fats and oils mixed with a small amount of test fats and oils compared to the control fats and oils without causing side effects on rats. As a result, it has been clarified that the PGI 2 production amount is increased and the TXA 2 production amount is decreased to enhance the inhibitory action on the platelet aggregation ability and the dilating action of arterial blood vessels. From this, it was recognized that the fat and oil containing the triglyceride according to the present invention could be used for the prevention and treatment of arteriosclerosis.
[0039]
[Table 7]
Figure 0003544247
[0040]
[Table 8]
Figure 0003544247
[0041]
Example 4
The microalga Crypthecodinium conei (ATCC30336) was planted in 30 liters of the medium shown in Table 9, and aerated with a jar fermenter at 30 ° C. for 100 hours, and the cultured alga body was centrifuged from the culture solution. This was further lyophilized (yield 625 g). The dried alga body was extracted by cell disruption with a Hiscotron (trade name, manufactured by Nisshin Medical Science Instruments) in a mixed solvent of chloroform: methanol = 1: 1 (weight ratio) to obtain 520 g of oil. The oil was supplied to a stainless steel column packed with silica gel (trade name: Wako Gel C100, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) dispersed in n-hexane, and diethyl ether: n-hexane = 10: 90 (volume ratio). To obtain 250 g of a triglyceride according to the present invention. The fatty acid composition of this triglyceride (this was used as the test fat) was determined in the same manner as in Example 1 (see Table 10).
[0042]
[Table 9]
Figure 0003544247
Figure 0003544247
[0043]
[Table 10]
Figure 0003544247
[0044]
Using the thus obtained triglyceride derived from microalgae (test fat and oil) and the control fat and oil described in Example 2 , each fat and oil containing 10 wt% (test fat or control fat or oil 10 parts by weight, palm oil 50 parts by weight, high oleic Mixed fats and oils of 10 parts by weight of safflower oil and 30 parts by weight of hyrinol safflower oil (see Table 11 for the fatty acid composition)) (Feed composition is the same as in Example 3 except for fat) The same rearing test as in Example 3 was conducted. Table 12 shows the analysis results of the production amounts of PGI 2 in the aorta and blood TXA 2 in each test group. In each test group, there was no significant difference in feed intake, body weight gain and liver weight. From the results of this experiment and the results of Example 2, the fats and oils according to the present invention have no side effects on rats and the amount of PGI 2 produced, including the fats and oils mixed with a small amount of test fats and oils compared to the control fats and oils. And decreased TXA 2 production to enhance the ability to suppress platelet aggregation and dilate arterial blood vessels. From this, it was recognized that the fats and oils containing the triglyceride according to the present invention could be used for the prevention and treatment of arteriosclerosis.
[0045]
[Table 11]
Figure 0003544247
[0046]
[Table 12]
Figure 0003544247
[0047]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, there are no side effects on animals, and the effect of increasing PGI 2 production and decreasing TXA 2 production is greater than that of conventional n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid sources, It is rich in eicosanoid-producing ability that suppresses platelet aggregation ability and dilates arterial blood vessels when ingested in a smaller amount than conventional n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid sources such as fish oil. It is possible to provide fats and oils that have the effect of facilitating the prevention and improvement of the above.

Claims (7)

グリセリドの構成脂肪酸としてn−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸を含み、n−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸の総量の0モル%未満がグリセリドの2位に結合したトリグリセリドからなる油脂を全油脂中5重量%以上含有していることを特徴とする血小板凝集能抑制用薬剤組成物 Fats and oils comprising triglycerides containing n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids as constituent fatty acids of glycerides, and less than 20 mol% of the total amount of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids bound to position 2 of the glycerides platelet aggregation inhibiting agent composition characterized by containing 5 wt% or more in the total fats and oils. n−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸がα−リノレン酸、アラキドン酸、エイコサペンタエン酸、ドコサペンタエン酸およびドコサヘキサエン酸からなる群から選ばれる1種もしくは2種以上である請求項に記載の血小板凝集能抑制用薬剤組成物n-3 type long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids α- linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, according to claim 1 is one or more selected from the group consisting of docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid A pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting platelet aggregation . n−3系長鎖多価不飽和脂肪酸がエイコサペンタエン酸および/またはドコサヘキサエン酸である請求項に記載の血小板凝集能抑制用薬剤組成物The pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting platelet aggregation ability according to claim 2 , wherein the n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid is eicosapentaenoic acid and / or docosahexaenoic acid. トリグリセリドが海産哺乳動物もしくは微細藻類から得られるものまたはこれらを濃縮処理したものまたはこれらをエステル交換処理したものである請求項1〜のいずれか1項に記載の血小板凝集能抑制用薬剤組成物The pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting platelet aggregation ability according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the triglyceride is obtained from a marine mammal or microalgae, or is obtained by concentrating the triglyceride or transesterifying the triglyceride . . 海産哺乳動物がクジラまたはアザラシである請求項に記載の血小板凝集能抑制用薬剤組成物The pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting platelet aggregation ability according to claim 4 , wherein the marine mammal is a whale or a seal. 微細藻類がナンノクロロプシス属、トラストキトリウム属、イソクリシス属またはクリプテコディニウム属のいずれかに属するものである請求項に記載の血小板凝集能抑制用薬剤組成物The pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting platelet aggregation according to claim 4 , wherein the microalgae belong to any of the genus Nannochloropsis, the genus Trustochytrium, the genus Isocrisis, or the genus Crypthecodinium. トリグリセリドがグリセリドの1,3位に特異性を有するリパーゼを用い、エステル交換反応によって製造されたものである請求項1または4項に記載の血小板凝集能抑制用薬剤組成物The pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting platelet aggregation according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the triglyceride is produced by transesterification using a lipase having specificity at positions 1 and 3 of the glyceride.
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JP2008278781A (en) * 2007-05-09 2008-11-20 Osaka City Method for producing triacylglycerol having higher DHA content at positions 1 and 3 than at position 2

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