JP3544484B2 - Black iron oxide particles and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Black iron oxide particles and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は黒色酸化鉄粒子及びその製造方法に関し、詳しくはAlとFeの複合酸化鉄層にてその表面を被覆することにより、流動性、分散性、ハンドリング性、耐環境性等の諸特性をバランスよく向上させた、特に静電複写磁性トナー用材料粉、静電潜像現像用キャリア用材料粉、塗料用黒色顔料粉等の用途に主に用いられる黒色酸化鉄粒子及びその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】
最近、電子複写機、プリンター等の磁性トナー用材料として、水溶液反応によるマグネタイト粒子が広く利用されている。磁性トナーとしては各種の一般的現像特性が要求されるが、近年、電子写真技術の発達により、特にデジタル技術を用いた複写機、プリンターが急速に発達し、要求特性がより高度なものになってきた。
【0003】
すなわち、従来の文字以外にもグラフィックや写真等の出力も要求されており、複写機、プリンターの中には1インチ当たり1200ドット以上の能力のものも現れ、感光体上の潜像はより緻密になってきている。そのため、現像での細線再現性の高さ、各環境下でも問題なく使用できること等が強く要求されている。
【0004】
例えば特開平5−71801号公報には磁性トナーについて開示され、磁性粉として抵抗が高く、流動性の良いものが望まれるとされている。また、特開平8−101529号公報には磁性トナーについて開示され、流動性の良いもの、抵抗の高くないものが望まれるとされている。それは、低湿下におけるトナーの帯電過剰を防止するためである。また、低湿下におけるカブリを防止するために残留磁化や保磁力の高めのものを使用している。特開平7−239571号公報においても、上記同様に磁性粉の耐環境性、特に高温高湿下における問題点があることを指摘している。さらに、特開平3−1160号公報の磁性トナーについて開示されている記載において、多様な環境下において満足させるには、高抵抗化や低吸湿が必要となる旨が記載されている。
【0005】
特開平8−6303号公報の樹脂被覆キャリアについて開示されている記載において、キャリアコアに求められるものは抵抗に関しては1010〜1012Ω・cmであると記載されている。つまり、キャリアコアとして使用される磁性粉の抵抗値が高いことが要求されている。特開平8−76519号公報の樹脂被覆キャリアについて開示においては、混練機にて総量の約90重量%前後のマグネタイト粒子を使用して樹脂被覆キャリアが製造されることが示されている。つまり非常に分散しやすい磁性粉が必要であることが伺える。
【0006】
つまり、これらの要求を満足させるためには、通常磁性粉に要求される特性のみならず、流動性、ハンドリング性、分散性、耐環境性に優れ、抵抗が任意に調整できる磁性粉を提供する必要があり、例えば次のような提案がなされている。
【0007】
先ず、特開平5−286723号公報には、多面体マグネタイトを生成させた後、Si、Al化合物と塩化第二鉄の共沈による表面処理したマグネタイト粒子について開示されている。これにより、耐熱性が改善されるものの剥離の可能性があり、環境変化に対する吸湿安定性、ハンドリング性において不充分である。次に、特開平7−110598号公報には、粒子内部にSiを含有させ、その表面にシリカやアルミの共沈物で処理したマグネタイト粒子について開示されている。これにより、繰り返し測定の時に帯電安定性に優れたマグネタイト粒子が得られるものの、環境変化に対する吸湿安定性、流動性、ハンドリング性、抵抗制御については不充分である。また、特開平7−240306号公報には、粒子内部にSiを含有させ、その表面にシリカやアルミナの共沈物で処理し、さらに非磁性粒子を固着させたマグネタイト粒子について開示されている。これにより、繰り返し測定の時に帯電安定性に優れ、流動性、初期分散性に優れているものの、非磁性粒子を固着させるためにはコストがかかる上、剥離の可能性、均一かつ完全な表面処理は困難である上に、環境変化に対する吸湿安定性に対し不充分であり、黒色度の低下を招くことになる。
【0008】
ここでいう環境変化に対する吸湿安定性とは、一般に酸化鉄粒子の比表面積が大きいと空気と接触する面積が大きく吸湿率は比例して大きくなる。よって、同じ面積当たりに吸湿する量が低温低湿、高温高湿において変化が少ないもののことをいう。
【0009】
特開平8−133745号公報には、下層にZnx Fe2+y O z、上層にSi、 Al、 Tiの共沈物で表面処理されたマグネタイト粒子について開示されている。これにより、耐熱性と着色力に優れ、帯電量が制御されるものの、流動性、ハンドリング性、環境変化に対する吸湿安定性、抵抗制御に対し不充分である。
【0010】
特開平10−182163号公報には、ケイ素を含んだ金平糖状のマグネタイト粒子の表面にAlを被着させたマグネタイト粒子について開示されている。これにより、トナー粒子からの脱落がなく、流動性に優れたマグネタイト粒子が得られるものの、トナー粒子から露出した粒子の凹凸により、ドラムの表面に傷をつけ寿命を短くする恐れがあり、また環境変化に対する吸湿安定性において不充分である。
【0011】
つまり、従来の技術においては、通常磁性粉に要求される特性はもとより、流動性、分散性、ハンドリング性、耐環境性に優れ、用途に応じた抵抗の調整可能な酸化鉄粒子、特にマグネタイト粒子は未だ提供されていない。
【0012】
一方、マグネタイト粒子中にアルミニウムを含有させることによって、黒色度を上げ、かつ磁化値を小さくさせることが特開平7−101731号公報や特開平7−277738号公報に記載されているが、このものは表面にアルミニウムと鉄の複合酸化物層を形成するものではない。
【0013】
従って、本発明の目的は、流動性、分散性、ハンドリング性、環境変化に対する吸湿安定性等に優れ、かつ抵抗を任意に調整できる黒色酸化鉄粒子及びその製造方法を提供することにある。
【0014】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は検討の結果、黒色酸化鉄粒子の表面を、AlとFeの複合酸化物層にて被覆することにより上記目的が達成し得ることを知見した。
【0015】
本発明は、上記知見に基づきなされたもので、AlとFeの複合酸化鉄層にて被覆されており、マグネタイトを主成分とする球状粒子からなることを特徴とする黒色酸化鉄粒子を提供するものである。
【0016】
また、本発明の黒色酸化鉄粒子の製造方法として、本発明は、
黒色酸化鉄を湿式法にてpH6.5〜6.8の範囲で生成したスラリーに、水可溶性アルミニウム塩と第一鉄塩とアルカリの水溶液を添加混合し、pH5〜12、60〜98℃にて酸化し、該黒色酸化鉄をAlとFeの複合酸化鉄層で被覆することを特徴とする黒色酸化鉄粒子の製造方法。
【0017】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を説明する。
本発明でいう黒色酸化鉄粒子(以下、単に酸化鉄粒子と略す)はマグネタイトを主成分とするものであり、ケイ素、アルミニウム等の各種の有効元素を含有するものも包含される。以下の説明では、酸化鉄粒子又はマグネタイト粒子という時には、その内容によって個々の粒子又はその集合のいずれも意味する。
【0018】
本発明のマグネタイト粒子は、AlとFeの複合酸化鉄層にて被覆してなるものである。芯材(コア材)となるマグネタイトコア粒子は、通常は湿式法で製造されるものであるが、乾式法で製造されたものでもよい。また、このマグネタイトコア粒子中には、上記のように、ケイ素、アルミニウム等の各種の有効元素を含有していてもよい。
【0019】
マグネタイトコア粒子の表面に、Alの中和処理を行ったものでは、そのAl自体に吸湿性がある上に、流動性、抵抗、ハンドリング等の諸特性が得られない。また、マグネタイトコア粒子の表面をFe成分のみで中和及び酸化することは表面を何ら被覆しないマグネタイト粒子そのものを製造するに過ぎず、要求される諸特性が得られない。
【0020】
複合酸化鉄層中のAl成分は、マグネタイト粒子全体に対してAlに換算して0. 05〜2重量%含有されることが望ましい。Alの含有量が0. 05重量%未満の場合には目的とする効果が少なく、2重量%を超えるとマグネタイト粒子に通常要求される磁気特性の低下を招く。飽和磁化(測定磁場10kOe)は70emu/g以上が好ましく、さらには75emu/g以上が好ましい。複合酸化鉄層を形成するAlとFeのモル比は、好ましくはAl:Fe=1: 100〜100: 1、さらに好ましくは5:100〜75:25である。
【0021】
この複合酸化鉄層にはヘルシナイトを含有することが望ましい。ヘルシナイトを含有することによりマグネタイト粒子の色味が黒味を帯びる。その作用は不明であるが、本発明者等がAlとFeについて種々検討した際に、Feのみで製造したマグネタイト粒子に対し、AlとFeで製造したマグネタイト粒子の色が黒いことを発見した。条件は、第一鉄塩の水溶液(Fe濃度;0.28mol/lを10リットル)、水可溶性アルミニウム塩の水溶液(Al:Feのモル比=15:100)とアルカリ溶液を混合し、pH12、総液量20リットルとし、80℃で100リットル/minのエアーで反応し、反応終了後、常法の濾過、洗浄、乾燥してサンプルを得た。その時のX線分析結果を図1に示す。図1に示されるように通常のマグネタイトでは得られないヘルシナイトのピークが見られる。つまり、表面層の改質にAlとFeの複合酸化鉄を使用することにより、表面改質時に黒みを劣化させることなく、さらに黒みを付与しているのではないかと推測される。
【0022】
本発明のマグネタイト粒子は、10℃、20%RHと35℃、85%RHの各環境下で曝露された後の各吸湿率と比表面積とが下記(1)式を満足することが望ましい。マシンあるいはトナーが使用される環境は様々であり、低温低湿から高温高湿のあらゆる環境下においても同様の性能を出すことが要求される。磁性粉は、一成分のトナーにおいて40〜50重量%、二成分の樹脂被覆キャリアにおいて約90重量%前後もそれぞれ含有される。よって、トナー及びキャリアにおいて磁性粉は露出しており、この磁性粉自身の吸湿変化が環境の変化に対し下記式(1)を超えるとトナー及びキャリアの帯電性、流動性等の環境安定性が損なわれる恐れがある。
(ΔWHH−ΔWLL)/A≦0.05 ・・・・・ (1)
ΔWHH;35℃、85%での吸湿率(wt%)
ΔWLL;10℃、20%での吸湿率(wt%)
A ;比表面積(m2 /g)
【0023】
本発明のマグネタイト粒子は、凝集度が40以下であることが望ましい。磁性粉体の流動性が悪い、すなわち凝集度が40を超えると取り扱い性、樹脂への混合性、トナー製造設備への供給安定性が悪く、ひいてはトナー自身の流動性に影響を及ぼす恐れがある。
【0024】
本発明のマグネタイト粒子は、付着力が5×10−5dyne/contact以下であることが望ましい。付着力がこれを超えると粉体同士の付着が強く、トナー製造時の粉体取り扱いのハンドリング性、つまり粉体同士が付着することによる搬送設備の負荷、及びトナー製造時の樹脂と磁性体の混合状態は悪くなり、分散性に劣るものとなる。
【0025】
本発明のマグネタイト粒子は、色差計による黒色度(L)が18. 5以下、反射率(60度)が80以上であることが望ましい。L値は高い方が黒みが低下し、反射率は高いと樹脂への分散性が良好となる。粉体として樹脂への分散性がよく、黒色度も凝集体ではなく、分散した上で、黒色度の高いものが顔料として最も適している。近年のトナー小径化に伴い、高解像度の上での黒色のためには、使用される磁性体にも高い黒色度が要求される。
【0026】
本発明のマグネタイト粒子は、複合酸化鉄層中のAl成分が、マグネタイト粒子全体に対してAlに換算して0. 3〜2重量%含有され、電気抵抗が1×104 Ω・cm以上であることが望ましい。Al成分が0. 3重量%未満の時は抵抗は1×104 Ω・cm未満となり、抵抗が高いことが望まれるトナーについてはAlを0. 3重量%以上にする必要がある。Al成分が2重量%を超えると飽和磁化が低下し望ましくない。
【0027】
本発明のマグネタイト粒子は、AlとFeの複合酸化鉄層にて被覆されることにより、Al等の化合物が単体で表面に存在するのではなく、複合酸化鉄層中に存在し、しかも粒子表面層に制御されたことにより、Al等の化合物が単体で表面に存在することによる吸湿が抑えられ、また、層内に存在するAl成分が適度の水分を安定的に保有することにより、外部の環境変化に対する応答が少ないため、上記目的が達成されるものと推測される。
【0028】
また、複合酸化物層中にAlが存在するため、ヘルシナイトの存在により、粉体そのものの黒色度、適度なAlが表面層に制御されているため、樹脂へのなじみ、複合酸化鉄内部でのFeの価数変化の抑制が抑えられ、少量にて高抵抗、表面層の磁気凝集が抑えられたことによる個々粉体の付着力が低下し、また分散が良好なものを得ることが可能となるのではないかと推測される。
【0029】
本発明のマグネタイト粒子の好適な製造方法は、マグネタイトコア粒子を湿式法にて生成したスラリーに水可溶性アルミニウム塩と第一鉄塩とアルカリの水溶液を添加混合し、pH5〜12、60〜98℃にて酸化し、該コア粒子をAlとFeの複合酸化鉄層で被覆するものである。
【0030】
この時に使用されるマグネタイトコア粒子は、その形状が球形である。水可溶性アルミニウム塩としては硫酸アルミニウム、アルミン酸ナトリウム、硝酸アルミニウム等が挙げられる。第一鉄塩としては硫酸鉄、塩化鉄等が挙げられる。アルカリとしては水酸化ナトリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等が用いられる。
【0031】
この際の溶液のpHは5〜12であり、pHが5未満だと、酸化する工程において反応スピードが遅く工業的ではなく、pH12を超えるとコストがかかり、経済的ではない。また、溶液の温度は60〜98℃であり、温度が60℃未満だとFeOOH等が混在し、色味、飽和磁化、粒子の均一性等の問題点が生じる。温度が98℃超では工業的ではない。酸化する方法としては、酸素を含有するガスを送入すればよく、経済的にも好ましくは空気を使用する。また、液体の酸化剤を使用してもよい。
【0032】
【実施例】
以下、実施例等に基づいて本発明を具体的に説明する。
【0033】
〔実施例1〕
表1に示されるように、Fe2+2. 0mol/lを含む硫酸第一鉄水溶液50リットルと3. 6Nの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液50リットルとを混合撹拌した。この時のpHは6. 5であった。そのスラリーを85℃に維持しながら65リットル/minの空気を吹き込み反応を終了させた(マグネタイトコア粒子の製造)。
【0034】
このスラリーにAl濃度1.1mol/lの硫酸アルミニウム水溶液を3リットルとFe2+濃度1.4mol/lの硫酸第一鉄水溶液5リットルと水酸化ナトリウム水溶液とを混合し、pH9.0に調整した。スラリー温度は80℃であった。次いで65リットル/minの空気を吹き込み再度酸化し反応を終了させた(複合酸化鉄層の被覆)。
【0035】
得られた生成粒子を通常の濾過洗浄、乾燥、粉砕工程により処理し、マグネタイト粒子を得た。
また、下記に示す方法にて、得られたマグネタイト粒子のAl含有量、比表面積、磁気特性(飽和磁化)、各環境下において得られた吸湿率、面積当たりの吸湿率変化、凝集度、付着力、黒色度、反射率、抵抗について評価した。これらの結果を、粒子形状と共に表2に示す。
【0036】
<測定方法>
(1)Al含有量分析
サンプルを溶解し、ICPにて測定した。
(2)比表面積
島津−マイクロメリティックス製2200型BET計にて測定した。
(3)磁気特性
東英工業製振動試料型磁力計VSM−P 7にて測定した。
(4)各環境下での吸湿率
乾燥機で105℃、1hrにて予め乾燥(乾燥重量W1)させ、環境室内に10℃、20%RHと35℃、85%RHの環境下に各々4時間曝露し(吸湿後の重量W2)、各々の重量測定を以下の式にて吸湿率(重量%) を算出した(ΔWLL;10℃、20%、ΔWHH;35℃、85%)。
ΔW:吸湿率(重量%) =〔(W2−W1)/W1〕×100
また、面積当たりの吸湿率変化は、以下の式にて表される。
(ΔWHH−ΔWLL)/A(比表面積)
(5)凝集度
Hosokawa Micron製「Powder Tester TypePT−E」(商品名)を用いて、振動時間65secにて測定した。測定結果を所定の計算式にて凝集度を求めた。
(6)付着力
島津粉体付着力測定装置(EB−3300CH)を用いて、試料をセル内に容器の縁いっぱいに入れる(粉重量を測定)、セル内の切断面より1cm上まで、プレス後、上記測定器により測定し、所定の計算式にて算出した(比重は5.2、粒径はSEM写真におけるフェレ径の個数平均値を使用)。
(7)黒色度、反射率
スチレンアクリル系樹脂(TB−1000F)をトルエン(樹脂:トルエン=1: 2)にて溶解した液を60g、試料10g、直径1mmのガラスビーズ90gを内容積140mlのビンに入れ、蓋をした後、ペイントシェーカー(トウヨウセイキ社製)にて30分混合した。これをガラス板上に4milのアプリケーターを用いて塗布し、乾燥後、色差計にて黒色度、ムラカミ式GLOSS METER(GM−3M)にて60度の反射率を測定した。
(8)電気抵抗
試料10gをホルダーに入れ600kg/cm2 の圧力を加えて25mmφの錠剤型に成形後、電極を取り付け150kg/cm2 の加圧状態で測定する。測定に使用した試料の厚さ、及び断面積と抵抗値から算出して、マグネタイト粒子の電気抵抗値を求めた。
【0037】
〔実施例2〜6〕
マグネタイトコア粒子製造の反応条件、表面の複合酸化鉄層の被覆条件を変えた以外は、実施例1と同様にマグネタイト粒子を製造した。このマグネタイト粒子の製造条件を表1に示す。また、実施例1と同様に各種性状及び特性を評価した結果を表2に示す。
【0038】
〔比較例1〜3〕
複合酸化鉄層の被覆処理を行わなかった以外は、実施例1と同様な方法でマグネタイト粒子を製造した。このマグネタイト粒子の製造条件を表1に示す。また、実施例1と同様に各種性状及び特性を評価した結果を表2に示す。
【0039】
〔比較例4〜5〕
マグネタイトコア粒子製造の反応条件、表面の複合酸化鉄層の被覆条件を変えた以外は、実施例1と同様にマグネタイト粒子を製造した。このマグネタイト粒子の製造条件を表1に示す。また、実施例1と同様に各種性状及び特性を評価した結果を表2に示す。
【0040】
【表1】
【0041】
【表2】
【0042】
表2から明らかなように、本発明のマグネタイト粒子は、飽和磁化を大きく劣化させることなく、各環境下における面積当たりの吸湿率変化が安定であり、流動性、ハンドリング性、分散性、黒色度に優れ、かつ高抵抗化が可能である。なお、実施例8は、被覆層に使用したAlが多いため、特に飽和磁化が低かった。
【0043】
比較例1〜3は複合酸化鉄層の被覆処理がなされていないため、高い飽和磁化を有し、各環境下における面積当たりの吸湿率変化は若干高く、流動性、ハンドリング性、分散性、黒色度は劣ったものであった。
【0044】
比較例4のようにAlを使用せず、Feのみで酸化被覆したものは、比較例1〜3の被覆処理がなされていないものと同様の結果となった。
【0045】
比較例5のようにAl中和処理のみの場合、分散性、黒色度は良好であるが、処理の割に各環境下における面積当たりの吸湿率変化が大きく、凝集度、付着力が大きいので、流動性、ハンドリング性に乏しい。また、Al量に対する抵抗値が低い。
【0046】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明の黒色酸化鉄粒子は、黒色酸化鉄粒子にAlとFeの複合酸化鉄層にて被覆することによって、通常磁性粉に要求される特性はもとより、流動性、分散性、ハンドリング性、環境変化に対する吸湿安定性に優れ、かつ抵抗を任意に調整可能であることから、静電複写磁性トナー用材料粉、静電潜像現像用キャリア用材料粉、塗料用黒色顔料粉等の用途に好適である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】図1は、コア粒子なしに複合酸化鉄層の処理方法のみで作成し得られた粒子のX線分析図である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to black iron oxide particles and a method for producing the same. More specifically, by coating the surface with a composite iron oxide layer of Al and Fe, various properties such as fluidity, dispersibility, handling properties, and environmental resistance can be obtained. The present invention relates to a black iron oxide particle which has been improved in a well-balanced manner and is mainly used for applications such as a material powder for an electrostatic copying magnetic toner, a material powder for a carrier for developing an electrostatic latent image, a black pigment powder for a paint, and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
Problems to be solved by the prior art and the invention
2. Description of the Related Art Recently, magnetite particles produced by an aqueous solution reaction have been widely used as materials for magnetic toners of electronic copiers, printers, and the like. Various general development characteristics are required for magnetic toners, but in recent years, with the development of electrophotography technology, in particular, copiers and printers using digital technology have rapidly developed, and the required characteristics have become more sophisticated. Have been.
[0003]
In other words, in addition to conventional characters, graphics and photographs are required to be output. Some copiers and printers have a capacity of more than 1200 dots per inch, and the latent image on the photoreceptor is more dense. It is becoming. For this reason, there is a strong demand for high reproducibility of fine lines in development and for use in various environments without any problem.
[0004]
For example, JP-A-5-71801 discloses a magnetic toner, and it is desired that a magnetic powder having high resistance and good fluidity is desired. JP-A-8-101529 discloses a magnetic toner, and it is said that a toner having good fluidity and a toner having low resistance are desired. This is to prevent the toner from being excessively charged under low humidity. Further, in order to prevent fogging under low humidity, a material having high residual magnetization and coercive force is used. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-239571 also points out that there is a problem with the environmental resistance of the magnetic powder, particularly under high temperature and high humidity, as described above. Further, in the description of the magnetic toner disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-1160, it is described that high resistance and low moisture absorption are required to satisfy in various environments.
[0005]
In the description disclosed for the resin-coated carrier of JP-A 8-6303, JP-ones required for the carrier core is described as being 10 10 ~10 12 Ω · cm with respect to resistance. That is, it is required that the magnetic powder used as the carrier core has a high resistance value. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-76519 discloses that a resin-coated carrier is produced using a magnetite particle of about 90% by weight of the total amount in a kneader. That is, it can be said that magnetic powder that is very easily dispersed is required.
[0006]
In other words, in order to satisfy these demands, there is provided a magnetic powder which not only has the properties normally required for a magnetic powder but also has excellent fluidity, handling properties, dispersibility, and environmental resistance, and the resistance can be arbitrarily adjusted. For example, the following proposal has been made.
[0007]
First, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 5-286723 discloses magnetite particles which have been subjected to surface treatment by the co-precipitation of a Si, Al compound and ferric chloride after the formation of polyhedral magnetite. Thereby, although heat resistance is improved, there is a possibility of peeling, and the moisture absorption stability against environmental changes and handling properties are insufficient. Next, JP-A-7-110598 discloses magnetite particles in which Si is contained inside the particles and the surface of which is treated with a coprecipitate of silica or aluminum. Thereby, magnetite particles having excellent charge stability during repeated measurement can be obtained, but the moisture absorption stability against environmental changes, fluidity, handling properties, and resistance control are insufficient. JP-A-7-240306 discloses magnetite particles in which Si is contained inside the particles, the surface of which is treated with a coprecipitate of silica or alumina, and nonmagnetic particles are further fixed. As a result, although the charge stability is excellent, the fluidity, and the initial dispersibility are excellent at the time of repeated measurement, it is costly to fix the non-magnetic particles, the possibility of peeling, and uniform and complete surface treatment. Is difficult and the moisture absorption stability against environmental changes is insufficient, resulting in a decrease in blackness.
[0008]
The term “moisture absorption stability with respect to environmental changes” as used herein means that, in general, when the specific surface area of iron oxide particles is large, the area in contact with air is large and the moisture absorption rate is proportionally increased. Therefore, it means that the amount of moisture absorption per unit area changes little at low temperature and low humidity and at high temperature and high humidity.
[0009]
JP-A-8-133745 discloses a Zn x Fe 2 + y O z , an upper layer Si, Al, magnetite particles surface-treated with co-precipitates of Ti in the lower layer. Thereby, although the heat resistance and the coloring power are excellent and the charge amount is controlled, the fluidity, the handling property, the moisture absorption stability against environmental changes, and the resistance control are insufficient.
[0010]
JP-A-10-182163 discloses magnetite particles in which Al is adhered to the surface of spinous magnetite particles containing silicon. As a result, magnetite particles with excellent fluidity are obtained without falling off from the toner particles, but the unevenness of the particles exposed from the toner particles may damage the surface of the drum and shorten the service life. Insufficient in moisture absorption stability against change.
[0011]
In other words, in the prior art, not only the properties normally required for magnetic powders, but also excellent fluidity, dispersibility, handling properties, and environmental resistance, and iron oxide particles, particularly magnetite particles, whose resistance can be adjusted according to the application Has not been provided yet.
[0012]
On the other hand, it is described in JP-A-7-101731 and JP-A-7-277778 that the blackness is increased and the magnetization value is reduced by including aluminum in the magnetite particles. Does not form a composite oxide layer of aluminum and iron on the surface.
[0013]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide black iron oxide particles which are excellent in fluidity, dispersibility, handling properties, moisture absorption stability against environmental changes, and the like, and whose resistance can be arbitrarily adjusted, and a method for producing the same.
[0014]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of the study, the present inventors have found that the above object can be achieved by coating the surface of the black iron oxide particles with a composite oxide layer of Al and Fe.
[0015]
The present invention has been made based on the above findings, and provides black iron oxide particles which are covered with a composite iron oxide layer of Al and Fe and are formed of spherical particles mainly composed of magnetite. Things.
[0016]
Further, as a method for producing the black iron oxide particles of the present invention, the present invention,
A water-soluble aluminum salt, a ferrous salt and an aqueous solution of an alkali are added to a slurry of black iron oxide produced by a wet method in a pH range of 6.5 to 6.8, and the mixture is adjusted to pH 5 to 12 and 60 to 98 ° C. A black iron oxide particle is coated with a composite iron oxide layer of Al and Fe.
[0017]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.
The black iron oxide particles (hereinafter simply referred to as iron oxide particles ) referred to in the present invention are mainly composed of magnetite, and include those containing various effective elements such as silicon and aluminum. In the following description, when referred to the acid iron particles or magnetite particles is meant any of the individual particles or aggregate thereof by its contents.
[0018]
The magnetite particles of the present invention are coated with a composite iron oxide layer of Al and Fe. The magnetite core particles serving as the core material (core material) are usually produced by a wet method, but may be produced by a dry method. Further, as described above, the magnetite core particles may contain various effective elements such as silicon and aluminum.
[0019]
When the surface of the magnetite core particles is subjected to a neutralization treatment of Al, Al itself has a hygroscopic property, and various properties such as fluidity, resistance, and handling cannot be obtained. Further, neutralizing and oxidizing the surface of the magnetite core particles only with the Fe component merely produces magnetite particles that do not cover the surface at all, and does not provide the required properties.
[0020]
The Al component in the composite iron oxide layer is 0.1% in terms of Al with respect to the whole magnetite particles. It is desirably contained in an amount of 0.5 to 2% by weight. Al content is 0. If it is less than 05% by weight, the desired effect is small, and if it exceeds 2% by weight, the magnetic properties normally required for magnetite particles are reduced. The saturation magnetization (measurement magnetic field: 10 kOe) is preferably at least 70 emu / g, more preferably at least 75 emu / g. The molar ratio of Al to Fe forming the composite iron oxide layer is preferably Al: Fe = 1: 100 to 100: 1, more preferably 5: 100 to 75:25.
[0021]
This composite iron oxide layer desirably contains hersinite. By containing the hercinite, the color of the magnetite particles becomes blackish. Although the effect is unclear, the present inventors have found that when various studies were made on Al and Fe, the color of magnetite particles made of Al and Fe was darker than those of magnetite particles made only of Fe. The conditions were as follows: an aqueous solution of a ferrous salt (Fe concentration; 10 liters of 0.28 mol / l), an aqueous solution of a water-soluble aluminum salt (a molar ratio of Al: Fe = 15: 100) and an alkaline solution were mixed, and the pH was adjusted to 12, The reaction was carried out at 80 ° C. with 100 liter / min of air, and after completion of the reaction, the solution was filtered, washed and dried by a conventional method to obtain a sample. FIG. 1 shows the results of X-ray analysis at that time. As shown in FIG. 1, a peak of hercinite that cannot be obtained with ordinary magnetite is observed. That is, it is presumed that the use of the composite iron oxide of Al and Fe for the modification of the surface layer further imparts a black color without deteriorating the black color during the surface modification.
[0022]
It is desirable that the magnetite particles of the present invention have respective moisture absorption rates and specific surface areas satisfying the following formula (1) after being exposed in each environment of 10 ° C., 20% RH and 35 ° C., 85% RH. There are various environments in which a machine or a toner is used, and it is required that the same performance is obtained in all environments from low temperature and low humidity to high temperature and high humidity. The magnetic powder contains 40 to 50% by weight in a one-component toner and about 90% by weight in a two-component resin-coated carrier. Therefore, the magnetic powder is exposed in the toner and the carrier, and when the change in moisture absorption of the magnetic powder itself exceeds the following formula (1) with respect to the change in the environment, the environmental stability such as chargeability and fluidity of the toner and the carrier becomes poor. May be damaged.
(ΔW HH −ΔW LL ) /A≦0.05 (1)
ΔW HH ; moisture absorption at 35 ° C. and 85% (wt%)
ΔW LL ; moisture absorption at 10 ° C. and 20% (wt%)
A: Specific surface area (m 2 / g)
[0023]
The magnetite particles of the present invention preferably have a cohesion of 40 or less. If the fluidity of the magnetic powder is poor, that is, if the degree of agglomeration exceeds 40, the handling properties, the mixing properties with the resin, the supply stability to the toner manufacturing equipment are poor, and the fluidity of the toner itself may be affected. .
[0024]
It is desirable that the magnetite particles of the present invention have an adhesive force of 5 × 10 −5 dyne / contact or less. If the adhesive force exceeds this, the adhesion between the powders is strong, and the handling of the powder during the production of the toner is easy, that is, the load on the transport equipment due to the adhesion of the powders, and the resin and the magnetic material during the production of the toner. The mixed state becomes worse and the dispersibility becomes poor.
[0025]
The magnetite particles of the present invention have a blackness (L) of 18. measured by a color difference meter. It is desirable that the reflectivity (60 degrees) be 5 or less and 80 or more. The higher the L value, the lower the blackness, and the higher the reflectance, the better the dispersibility in the resin. Pigments that have good dispersibility in resin as a powder and have a high degree of blackness after being dispersed rather than agglomerates with blackness are most suitable as pigments. With the recent decrease in toner diameter, high blackness is also required for the magnetic substance used for black color with high resolution.
[0026]
In the magnetite particles of the present invention, the Al component in the composite iron oxide layer is 0.1% in terms of Al with respect to the entire magnetite particles. It is desirable that the content is 3 to 2% by weight and the electric resistance is 1 × 10 4 Ω · cm or more. Al component is 0. When the content is less than 3% by weight, the resistance is less than 1 × 10 4 Ω · cm. It must be at least 3% by weight. If the Al content exceeds 2% by weight, the saturation magnetization decreases, which is not desirable.
[0027]
The magnetite particles of the present invention are coated with a composite iron oxide layer of Al and Fe, so that a compound such as Al does not exist alone on the surface, but exists in the composite iron oxide layer. By being controlled in the layer, moisture absorption due to the presence of a compound such as Al alone on the surface is suppressed, and the Al component present in the layer stably retains a suitable amount of moisture, thereby preventing external components from being absorbed. It is assumed that the above object is achieved because there is little response to environmental changes.
[0028]
In addition, since Al is present in the composite oxide layer, the presence of Helsinite controls the degree of blackness of the powder itself and an appropriate amount of Al in the surface layer. The suppression of the change in the valence of Fe is suppressed, the adhesion of individual powders is reduced due to the high resistance and the magnetic cohesion of the surface layer is suppressed in a small amount, and it is possible to obtain a good dispersion. It is presumed that it will be.
[0029]
A preferred method for producing the magnetite particles of the present invention is to add and mix an aqueous solution of a water-soluble aluminum salt, a ferrous salt and an alkali to a slurry of magnetite core particles produced by a wet method, and to adjust the pH to 5 to 12, 60 to 98 ° C. And coats the core particles with a composite iron oxide layer of Al and Fe.
[0030]
The shape of the magnetite core particles used at this time is spherical . Examples of the water-soluble aluminum salt include aluminum sulfate, sodium aluminate, and aluminum nitrate. Examples of the ferrous salt include iron sulfate and iron chloride. As the alkali, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide or the like is used.
[0031]
At this time, the pH of the solution is 5 to 12, and if the pH is less than 5, the reaction speed in the oxidation step is slow, which is not industrial. If the pH exceeds 12, the cost is high, and it is not economical. Further, the temperature of the solution is 60 to 98 ° C. If the temperature is lower than 60 ° C., FeOOH and the like are mixed and problems such as color, saturation magnetization, and particle uniformity occur. Temperatures above 98 ° C are not industrial. As a method for oxidizing, a gas containing oxygen may be fed, and air is preferably used from the viewpoint of economy. Further, a liquid oxidizing agent may be used.
[0032]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described based on examples and the like.
[0033]
[Example 1]
As shown in Table 1, Fe 2+ . 2. 50 liters of an aqueous solution of ferrous sulfate containing 0 mol / l and 50 liters of a 6N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was mixed and stirred. The pH at this time is 6. It was 5. While maintaining the slurry at 85 ° C., air was blown at 65 L / min to terminate the reaction (manufacture of magnetite core particles).
[0034]
The slurry was mixed with 3 liters of an aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate having an Al concentration of 1.1 mol / l, 5 liters of an aqueous solution of ferrous sulfate having a Fe 2+ concentration of 1.4 mol / l, and an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, and adjusted to pH 9.0. . The slurry temperature was 80 ° C. Next, air was blown at 65 liter / min to oxidize again to terminate the reaction (coating of composite iron oxide layer).
[0035]
The resulting product particles were subjected to the usual filtration, washing, drying and pulverizing steps to obtain magnetite particles.
The Al content, specific surface area, and magnetic properties (saturation magnetization) of the obtained magnetite particles, the moisture absorption obtained under each environment, the change in the moisture absorption per area, the degree of aggregation, Evaluation was made on the adhesion, blackness, reflectance, and resistance. These results are shown in Table 2 together with the particle shape.
[0036]
<Measurement method>
(1) Al content analysis A sample was dissolved and measured by ICP.
(2) Specific surface area Measured with a Shimadzu-Micromeritics Model 2200 BET meter.
(3) Magnetic properties Measured using a vibration sample type magnetometer VSM-P7 manufactured by Toei Industry.
(4) Preliminary drying (dry weight W1) at 105 ° C. for 1 hour with a moisture absorption dryer under each environment, and 4 hours each in an environment room at 10 ° C., 20% RH, 35 ° C., and 85% RH. Exposure was carried out for a period of time (weight W2 after moisture absorption), and the weight measurement was performed to calculate the moisture absorption (% by weight) by the following formula (ΔW LL ; 10 ° C, 20%; ΔW HH ; 35 ° C, 85%).
ΔW: moisture absorption (% by weight) = [(W2−W1) / W1] × 100
Further, the change in the moisture absorption rate per area is represented by the following equation.
(ΔW HH −ΔW LL ) / A (specific surface area)
(5) Agglomeration degree Measured using a “Powder Tester TypePT-E” (trade name) manufactured by Hosokawa Micron at a vibration time of 65 sec. The measurement results were used to determine the degree of agglomeration using a predetermined calculation formula.
(6) Adhesion force Using a Shimadzu powder adhesion measurement device (EB-3300CH), a sample is placed in the cell to fill the entire edge of the container (measure the powder weight), and pressed to 1 cm above the cut surface in the cell. After that, it was measured by the above-mentioned measuring instrument, and calculated by a predetermined calculation formula (specific gravity was 5.2, and particle diameter was the number average value of Feret diameter in SEM photograph).
(7) Blackness, reflectance 60 g of a solution obtained by dissolving styrene acrylic resin (TB-1000F) in toluene (resin: toluene = 1: 2), 10 g of a sample, and 90 g of glass beads having a diameter of 1 mm in an inner volume of 140 ml. The mixture was put in a bottle, covered, and mixed for 30 minutes using a paint shaker (manufactured by Toyo Seiki). This was applied on a glass plate using a 4 mil applicator, and after drying, the blackness was measured by a color difference meter and the reflectance at 60 degrees was measured by a Murakami GLOSS METER (GM-3M).
(8) An electric resistance sample (10 g) is placed in a holder, and a pressure of 600 kg / cm 2 is applied to form a tablet having a diameter of 25 mm. Then, electrodes are attached and measurement is performed under a pressure of 150 kg / cm 2 . The electrical resistance of the magnetite particles was determined by calculating from the thickness, cross-sectional area and resistance of the sample used for the measurement.
[0037]
[Examples 2 to 6 ]
Magnetite particles were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the reaction conditions for producing magnetite core particles and the conditions for coating the composite iron oxide layer on the surface were changed. Table 1 shows the production conditions for the magnetite particles. Table 2 shows the results of evaluating various properties and characteristics in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0038]
[Comparative Examples 1 to 3]
Magnetite particles were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the coating treatment of the composite iron oxide layer was not performed. Table 1 shows the production conditions for the magnetite particles. Table 2 shows the results of evaluating various properties and characteristics in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0039]
[Comparative Examples 4 to 5]
Magnetite particles were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the reaction conditions for producing magnetite core particles and the conditions for coating the composite iron oxide layer on the surface were changed. Table 1 shows the production conditions for the magnetite particles. Table 2 shows the results of evaluating various properties and characteristics in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0040]
[Table 1]
[0041]
[Table 2]
[0042]
As is evident from Table 2, the magnetite particles of the present invention have a stable change in the moisture absorption per area under each environment without significantly deteriorating the saturation magnetization, and exhibit fluidity, handleability, dispersibility, and blackness. And high resistance can be achieved. In Example 8, since the amount of Al used in the coating layer was large, the saturation magnetization was particularly low.
[0043]
Comparative Examples 1 to 3 have not been subjected to the coating treatment of the composite iron oxide layer, have high saturation magnetization, slightly change in the moisture absorption rate per area under each environment, fluidity, handling properties, dispersibility, black The degree was inferior.
[0044]
In the case of Comparative Example 4 in which Al was not used and the oxide coating was performed only with Fe, the same results were obtained as those of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 in which the coating treatment was not performed.
[0045]
In the case of only the Al neutralization treatment as in Comparative Example 5, the dispersibility and the blackness were good, but the moisture absorption rate per area under each environment was large, and the cohesion and adhesion were large for the treatment. Poor fluidity and handling. Further, the resistance value with respect to the Al amount is low.
[0046]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the black iron oxide particles of the present invention are obtained by coating the black iron oxide particles with a composite iron oxide layer of Al and Fe, and thus, in addition to the properties normally required for magnetic powder, fluidity and dispersion. Powder for magnetic toner for electrostatic copying, carrier powder for electrostatic latent image development, and black pigment for paints because of its excellent properties, handling properties, and moisture absorption stability against environmental changes and the resistance can be adjusted arbitrarily. Suitable for applications such as powder.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an X-ray analysis diagram of particles obtained by only a method of treating a composite iron oxide layer without core particles.
Claims (9)
(ΔWHH−ΔWLL)/A≦0.05 ・・・・・ (1)The moisture absorption (wt%) after exposure to 4 hours in each environment of 10 ° C., 20% RH and 35 ° C., 85% RH was ΔW LL and ΔW HH , respectively, and the specific surface area (m 2 / g) was A. 4. The black iron oxide particles according to claim 1, wherein the black iron oxide particles satisfy the following expression (1).
(ΔW HH −ΔW LL ) /A≦0.05 (1)
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| JP5180455B2 (en) * | 2006-10-02 | 2013-04-10 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | Magnetite particle powder |
| JP2023097534A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2023-07-10 | 京セラ株式会社 | black pigment |
| JP7816766B2 (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2026-02-18 | 株式会社アイメックス | Magnetic toner and its manufacturing method |
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| JP2000239021A (en) | 2000-09-05 |
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