JP3545731B2

JP3545731B2 - Garbage disposal device and garbage disposal method

Info

Publication number: JP3545731B2
Application number: JP2001265566A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 充夫廣瀬; 実塚本
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2001-09-03
Filing date: 2001-09-03
Publication date: 2004-07-21
Anticipated expiration: 2021-09-03
Also published as: JP2003071412A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、食品製造業者、レストラン、仕出し業者、給食センター、ホテル等で有機廃棄物として排出される生ゴミを、効率よく微生物により分解させてほぼ消滅させることができる生ゴミ処理装置に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、食品製造業者、レストラン、仕出し業者、給食センター、ホテル等で有機廃棄物として排出される生ゴミを処理するための生ゴミ処理装置が知られており、該装置において、好気性微生物の着床した、木材チップ、多孔質プラスチック粒子、多孔質セラミック粒子等のチップを生ゴミと共に撹拌して、好気性微生物を繁殖させて、該微生物の酵素により生ゴミを水と炭酸ガスに分解させていた。
【０００３】
従来の生ゴミ処理装置の処理槽内部に設けられた撹拌手段には、回転軸に突設された撹拌棒、或いは回転軸に直接設けられたブレードの提案が大半であり、撹拌効率が十分ではないため、微生物による生ゴミの分解効率は十分なものとは言えなかった。
【０００４】
前記従来の生ゴミ処理装置では、生ゴミに対する微生物を着床したチップの混合割合は１：７〜１２程度であり、チップの使用割合が多いため、比較的パサパサの状態で処理槽内で処理されているのが大半である。ところで、好気性微生物による生ゴミの処理において、生ゴミは好気性微生物の酵素により分解処理が行われ、酵素反応を効率よく行わせるためには、乾燥状態よりも、水分が多く、しかも酸素の供給された状態が好ましい。しかしながら、前記従来の生ゴミ処理においては、微生物着床用チップの使用割合が多いため処理槽内は水分が少ないため、微生物の酵素反応により生ゴミを分解処理するのに効率的ではない。しかも、微生物着床用チップの使用割合が多いため、処理槽内に投入する生ゴミの量も、相対的に少なくなり、生ゴミ処理が効率的ではない。
【０００５】
特開平８−８４９８０号公報には、回転軸に連結用羽根板を介してらせん状に帯状垂直ブレードが設けられた撹拌装置を有する生ゴミ処理装置が示されている。該生ゴミ処理装置によれば、装置内の収容物（生ゴミと菌床）が装置の両側面から中央部に集まって上昇し、両側面に分散するように混合が行なわれている。該生ゴミ処理装置では、撹拌羽根だけの撹拌では空気の取り込みが十分ではなく、別途、空気噴出ノズルを設けなければならない。また該生ゴミ処理装置では、生ゴミに対して付加される挟圧が十分ではないため、固形物の圧壊が不十分であるため、特に、ご飯類は団子状になり、酸素供給不足のため嫌気性微生物の発生により悪臭を生じたり、また、生ゴミに挟圧が十分に付加されないと、生ゴミ中の油脂類のエマルジョン化が不十分であるため、即ち、水に油脂類が乳化しないため、微生物のリパーゼによる分解作用が効率良く働かないため、油脂類は分解されずに固化してしまうという不都合がある。
【０００６】
特開２０００−３０１１１４号公報には、回転軸の周囲に螺旋状の撹拌羽根を直接突設したものを２本平行に、互いの撹拌羽根同士が相互侵入し合うように配置し、該螺旋状撹拌羽根は、処理槽内の収容物を両側板側から中央部に搬送できるように中央で左右逆転する螺旋状撹拌羽根となったものを使用した生ゴミ処理装置が示されている。該生ゴミ処理装置によれば、処理槽中央で巻回する方向を左右逆転する螺旋状の撹拌羽根を設けているので、処理槽内の収容物（生ゴミと菌床）は両側板側から中央部に送られ、中央部において収容物は盛り上がった状態となり側板側に反転して循環している。
【０００７】
該装置により内容物を処理する場合、中央部が収容物で盛り上がり過ぎるために、２本の回転軸を有する撹拌装置による空気の抱き込み量が未だ満足できるものではなく、また、撹拌による内容物の移動方向が単純であるため、撹拌効率が十分ではなく、空気を処理槽内の隅々まで均一に供給するのに十分ではないという問題がある。また、該装置では、撹拌羽根による切断、破砕が主として行われているが、圧壊のような細胞レベルでの破壊が不十分であるので、細胞内容物の滲出が不十分なため、生ゴミの醗酵・分解が効率良いとは言い難い。また、該装置では、挟圧による混練が不十分であるため、生ゴミ中の油脂類のエマルジョン化が不十分となり、即ち、水に油脂類が乳化しないので、微生物のリパーゼによる分解作用が効率良く働かず、油脂類は分解されずに固化してしまうという不都合がある。
【０００８】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
そこで、本発明は、生ゴミ処理装置の処理槽内の生ゴミ投入量が微生物着床用チップの投入量に対して比較的多くても、処理槽内の水分が多い状態で処理を行うことができ、しかも、空気の供給を処理槽内の隅々まで十分に且つ均一に行うことができ、さらに、生ゴミに対して十分な挟圧を付与することができ、ご飯類等の固形物の圧壊や、油脂類のエマルジョン化を行うことができ、これらの成分を含む生ゴミを効率よく分解処理でき、コンパクト化が可能な、生ゴミ処理装置を提供すること、及び該生ゴミ処理装置を用いた生ゴミ処理方法を提供することを目的とする。
【０００９】
前記した問題点を解決するための本発明の生ゴミ処理装置は、次の（１）〜（８）の特徴点を有している。
【００１０】
即ち、本発明の生ゴミ処理装置は、（１）上部に空気を入れ、下部に生ゴミ及び微生物着床用チップからなる内容物を収容する処理槽に、空気を抱き込み、内容物を挟圧して撹拌するための回転棒に撹拌翼が取り付けられたブレンダーが２本平行に互いに反対方向に回転可能に配されており、（２）前記撹拌翼は、回転棒の中心軸から一定の距離を空けて、連結棒を介して、回転棒に螺旋状にツイストして取り付けられた帯状垂直ブレードであり、（３）該帯状垂直ブレードは、螺旋の一周期において、回転棒の中心軸方向からみた形状が回転棒に垂直なドーナツ形であり、且つ内容物に接する面が全て異なる角度であり、（４）前記ブレンダーが回転するときに、処理槽中の内容物を、回転棒の中央位置から回転棒の両端位置へ、或いは回転棒の両端位置から回転棒の中央位置へ、回転棒の中央位置を中心にして左右互いに逆の方向に内容物を移動させるように、回転棒の中央位置の左右の前記帯状垂直ブレードの螺旋の向きが逆に配置され、（５）前記帯状垂直ブレードは、回転棒の中心軸からの配置距離が異なる２種類の帯状垂直ブレードが、外側帯状垂直ブレード及び内側帯状垂直ブレードとして回転棒に配置されたものであり、（６）前記外側垂直ブレードと前記内側垂直ブレードは、螺旋のピッチが同一であり、且つ、前記外側垂直ブレードと前記内側垂直ブレードは、回転軸の同一地点の互いに１８０度の角度をなした異なる連結棒に設けられ、（７）前記ブレンダーが回転するときに、回転棒の同一地点における外側帯状垂直ブレードによる内容物の移動方向と、内側帯状垂直ブレードによる内容物の移動方向が逆向きになるように、互いの帯状垂直ブレードの螺旋の向きが逆になっており、（８）前記外側帯状垂直ブレードは回転により回転棒の両端位置から回転棒の中央位置へ内容物を移動させ、且つ前記内側帯状垂直ブレードは回転により回転棒の中央位置から回転棒の両端位置へ内容物を移動させるように、各帯状垂直ブレードの螺旋の向きが配置されていることを特徴とする。

【００１１】
本発明の生ゴミ処理装置は、上記構成を採用することにより、生ゴミ投入後の運転時において、内容物を混ぜながら、力強く練り合わせ、その際に内容物にズレを生じさせて、即ち、せん断力を生じさせて、細胞レベルで元々ある形を破壊（圧壊）させることができ、細胞を破壊して細胞内容物を滲出させ効率よく醗酵・分解させることができる。
【００１２】
さらに具体的には、本発明の生ゴミ処理装置は、回転するブレンダーの外側の帯状垂直ブレードにより、回転棒の両端位置から回転棒の中央位置へ内容物を撹拌移動させ、ブレンダーの内側の帯状垂直ブレードにより、回転棒の中央位置から回転棒の両端位置へ内容物を撹拌移動させる。図５に処理槽内の内容物の移動状況を矢印による模式図にて示す。１０１はブレンダーの回転棒を示し、１０２は処理槽内の空気が導入されている上部空間を示す。図５に示すように、外側帯状垂直ブレードの回転により回転棒の両端位置から回転棒の中央位置へ内容物を移動させ、内側帯状垂直ブレードの回転により回転棒の中央位置から回転棒の両端位置へ内容物を移動させるように螺旋の向きを配置することにより、処理槽内の内容物は、回転棒１０１の上下各々の箇所において循環流を形成することになり、内容物が処理槽内で滞ることがなく、しかも撹拌効率がよい。
【００１３】
さらに、平行に配置された２本のブレンダーは空気を抱き込むように互いに反対方向に回転するので、積極的に空気が内容物中に導入され、取り込まれた空気は処理槽内の内容物の隅々まで均一に拡散され、内容物中の好気性微生物を活発に増殖させる。しかも、同時に、２本のブレンダーは互いに反対方向に内容物に挟圧をかけるように回転しているので、挟圧がかけられた、生ゴミ中の固形物は摩砕が進み、ご飯類は団子状となることがなく圧壊され、水分と混捏されてどろどろになり、また、油脂類は水分と十分に混捏されてエマルジョン化が進み、好気性微生物に分解されやすい形態となるため、固形物や油脂の分解が促進される。
【００１４】
本発明において帯状垂直ブレードとは、帯状のブレードが回転棒から一定の空間を保って、連結棒を介してらせん状に取り付けられているものをいう。
【００１５】
本発明の生ゴミ処理方法は、上記した生ゴミ処理装置に、生ゴミ：微生物着床用チップを１：１〜５、好ましくは、１：１〜４を投入して運転することを特徴とする。従来、生ゴミに対する微生物を着床したチップの混合割合は１：７〜１２程度であり、パサパサの状態で内容物を撹拌しながら、生ゴミを処理する方法が主体であったが、本発明では、微生物着床用チップに対して生ゴミの投入量が多い。即ち、生ゴミ：微生物着床用チップの割合を上記の範囲で投入して生ゴミを処理するので、生ゴミ処理装置の運転時の内容物はびちゃびちゃの水分過多の状態であり、微生物の酵素反応を行わせるのに最適な環境としている。しかも、従来の生ゴミ処理装置では、水分の多い内容物に対しては、特に、酸素を処理槽の隅々まで供給し、内容物に均一に酸素を供給することは困難であったが、本発明の生ゴミ処理装置は、上記構成を採用することにより、積極的に酸素を処理槽の隅々まで供給し、内容物に均一に酸素を供給することができるため、上記範囲の生ゴミ：微生物着床用チップの割合で、生ゴミ処理装置を運転することを可能にしている。
【００１６】
したがって、本発明の生ゴミ処理装置においては、微生物着床用チップの使用量が従来のものに比べて少なく、しかも、処理槽内の内容物はパサパサではなく、水分過多の状態であるので、嵩密度が高く容積を取らないため、本発明の生ゴミ処理装置はコンパクトなものとすることができる。
【００１７】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面に基づいて本発明を説明する。図１は、本発明の実施の形態の一つの生ゴミ処理装置の処理槽本体の斜視図であり、図２は本発明の生ゴミ処理装置を示す側面図、図３は本発明の生ゴミ処理装置の正面図である。図４に、本発明の生ゴミ処理装置の処理槽内に配置されるブレンダーを示す。
【００１８】
図１〜図３の本発明の生ゴミ処理装置において、１１は処理槽であり、該処理槽１１の上部に生ゴミの投入時のみ開口され、通常の装置運転時は閉じている、生ゴミ、好気性微生物、チップを投入するための投入口１２が設けられている。該投入口１２は機密性を保つ程度のシール構造となっている。処理槽１１の上部には、処理槽１１内へ好気性微生物の生育及び繁殖に必要な空気を供給するための空気供給口１３が設けられ、さらに、処理槽内で生ゴミが処理されることにより発生する、二酸化炭素及び水蒸気等を排出するための排気口１４が設けられており、さらに、処理槽１１内の水分を調整するための水供給口１５、１６が設けられている。
【００１９】
処理槽１１の低部断面は、２連の半円状であり、後記に詳述する２本のブレンダー２０、２１を配置するように、２本のブレンダー２０、２１の低部の外周に相似の形状となっている。該処理槽１１の低部には処理槽１１内を加熱するためのラバーヒータ１７が設けられている。該ラバーヒータ１７により運転開始時や、生ゴミ投入時、或いは冬季運転時に好気性微生物の生育最適温度に加温することができる。処理槽１１の長側面下方に処理槽１１内の処理残渣を取り出すための取出口１８が設けられている。
【００２０】
処理槽１１は架台２２に設置されており、処理槽１１の下方にはモータ２３が設けられ、該モータ２３は回転伝導部材２４を介して、２本のブレンダー２０、２１を互いに逆回転に空気を抱き込むように回転させる。
【００２１】
上記構成の生ゴミ処理装置において、必要に応じて、処理槽１１の投入口１２の上流に破砕機を設けてもよく、また、排気口１４下流に脱臭装置、除湿装置を設けてもよい。処理槽１１内の温度コントロールを自動的に行うために、温度検出端子（図示せず）を処理槽１１内の適宜の位置に配置しておき、該温度検出端子により検知した温度に基づき、好気性微生物の繁殖に３０〜４５℃の適温となるように、ラバーヒータ１７のスイッチをオンしてもよい。
【００２２】
本発明の生ゴミ処理装置に投入される微生物着床用チップは、通常の生ゴミ処理装置に使用されているものでよく、例えば、広葉樹乾燥木材片、コルク片、多孔質プラスチック片、多孔質セラミックス片等が使用できる。
【００２３】
図４は本発明の生ゴミ処理装置の処理槽を貫通して配置される２本のブレンダーの内の１本のブレンダー２０の１例である。該ブレンダー２０は、回転棒３１の中心軸から一定の距離を空けて連結棒３２−１、３２−２、３２−３、３２−４、３２−５、３２−６、３２−７、３２−８、３２−９を介して、帯状垂直ブレード３３−１、３３−２、３４−１、３４−２が回転棒３１に螺旋状にツイストして取り付けられたものであり、且つ各連結棒３２−１、３２−２、３２−３、３２−４、３２−５、３２−６、３２−７、３２−８、３２−９は回転棒３１の長手方向の一転の間隔毎に、回転棒３１の周方向に９０°毎に設けられている。帯状垂直ブレード３３−１、３３−２、３４−１、３４−２の各連結棒３２−１、３２−２、３２−３、３２−４、３２−５、３２−６、３２−７、３２−８、３２−９における取り付け方向については、ブレード面が回転棒３１の中心軸に対して垂直になるように取り付けられている。
【００２４】
帯状垂直ブレード３３−１、３３−２、３４−１、３４−２は、回転棒３１の中心軸からの配置距離が異なる２種類の帯状垂直ブレード３３−１、３３−２、３４−１、３４−２、即ち、径の大きい外側帯状垂直ブレード３３−１、３３−２及び径の小さい内側帯状垂直ブレード３４−１、３４−２として配置されている。
【００２５】
図６Ａ、Ａ’、Ｂ、Ｂ’は、帯状垂直ブレードの螺旋の一周期（３６０°）における回転棒３１の中心軸方向から見た各帯状垂直ブレードについての形状であり、各帯状垂直ブレードの面はドーナツ形に見える。図６Ａは帯状垂直ブレード大の表から見た面、Ａ’はＡの裏から見た面を示し、直径Ｌ_Aのドーナツ形に見える。図６Ｂは帯状垂直ブレード小の表から見た面、Ｂ’はＢの裏から見た面を示し、直径Ｌ_Bのドーナツ形に見える。
【００２６】
図７はブレンダーの平面を示し、螺旋の一周期（３６０°）における帯状垂直ブレードの表面、及び裏面の様子を示す。図６、図７において、ａ１、ａ２、ａ３、ａ４は帯状垂直ブレード大の表面の各構成単位を示し、ａ１' 、ａ２' 、ａ３' 、ａ４' は帯状垂直ブレード大の裏面の各構成単位を示し、また、ｂ１、ｂ２、ｂ３、ｂ４は帯状垂直ブレード小の表面の各構成単位を示し、ｂ１' 、ｂ２' 、ｂ３' 、ｂ４' は帯状垂直ブレード小の裏面の各構成単位を示す。
【００２７】
生ゴミ処理装置の運転例
図１〜図３に示す生ゴミ処理装置を用い、次のプロセスで生ゴミ処理を行った。
【００２８】
１）生ゴミ処理投入前に、処理槽１１に微生物着床用チップ１５０リットル（広葉樹乾燥木材片：嵩密度０．３ｋｇ／リットル）を投入口１２から投入し、好気性微生物としてバチラス・サブチリスニューＢＮＢ−４０（商品名、明治製菓株式会社製）１Ｋｇを４０℃の水に溶かして投入口１２から投入し、微生物着床用チップの水分が３０〜４０％程度（十分に湿っている状態）となるように水供給口１５、１６から水を供給し、処理槽１１内の温度を４０℃になる迄ラバーヒータ１７のスイッチをオンにして昇温した。このとき、排気ブロア（図示せず）及び吸気ブロア（図示せず）のスイッチをオンにし、排気口１４から排気、及び空気供給口１３から吸気を行った。
【００２９】
２）生ゴミ５０リットル（５０ｋｇ）を一度に投入した。投入した生ゴミの内訳は、ご飯１５ｋｇ、副食２５ｋｇ、生魚の調理残渣５ｋｇ、野菜くず５ｋｇであった。該生ゴミの投入量と前記微生物着床用チップとの割合は、生ゴミ：微生物着床用チップが１：３（容積比）であった。
【００３０】
３）２本のブレンダー２０、２１を空気を抱き込むように互いに逆回転で回転させることにより、処理槽１１内の内容物を撹拌し、処理開始から２〜３分で均一になるが、撹拌を１０分間続け、次いで撹拌停止期間を２０分間設け、このサイクルを自動的に繰り返した。
【００３１】
４）運転継続２時間後に、魚の頭は粉砕されて見当たらず、水分が急激に増加しておりビチャビチャな状態となり、この時、内容物はメイラード反応により褐色に変化した。
【００３２】
５）運転継続６時間後に、ご飯の粒子が消えてなくなり、内部はどろどろの状態で投入時の臭気はなく、悪臭は全く無かった。
【００３３】
６）運転継続８時間後に、内部のどろどろの状態は更に進み、悪臭は全く無く、内容物は運転当初に比べて１０ｋｇ減少していた。この減少は、二酸化炭素及び水蒸気が排気口から排出したためである。
【００３４】
７）運転継続１８時間後に、内部の状態はどろどろであるが、内部温度が４０℃から４８℃に急上昇した。これは微生物の酵素が作用する基質が無くなり、基質反応が終了した段階で、既に製造されているＡＴＰが酸化され燃焼し、温度が急上昇したためである。
【００３５】
８）運転継続２０時間後に内部を乾燥モードに自動的に切換え、今まで間歇撹拌だったのを連続撹拌に切り換え、同時に排気ブロアをパワーアップさせ、積極的に水分除去を行った。
【００３６】
９）運転継続２３時間後に、内容物の湿度は２０〜３０％程度減少した。この時、内容物の重量は当初５０ｋｇであったものが、５ｋｇとなり、４５ｋｇ以上も減少した。
【００３７】
１０）次いで、生ゴミ処理装置に次のロットの生ゴミ５０ｋｇを投入した。
【００３８】
【発明の効果】
本発明の生ゴミ処理装置によれば、回転棒に撹拌翼が取り付けられたブレンダー２本を平行に互いに反対方向に回転させることにより、内容物を混ぜながら、力強く練り合わせ、内容物に対して十分な挟圧を付与することができ、その際に内容物にズレを生じさせて、即ち、せん断力を生じさせて、細胞レベルで元々ある形を破壊（圧壊）させることができ、細胞を破壊して細胞内容物を滲出させ効率よく醗酵・分解させることができる。したがって、従来困難であったご飯類等の固形物の圧壊や、油脂類のエマルジョン化を促進するため、好気性微生物の利用し易い形態にして、生ゴミを効率よく分解処理できる。
【００３９】
本発明の生ゴミ処理装置によれば、処理槽内の内容物に積極的に酸素を導入し、均一撹拌が可能であるので、処理槽内の内容物の隅々まで均一に酸素を導入することができ、したがって、好気性微生物による生ゴミの分解を促進し、嫌気性微生物の発生が抑制されるので、悪臭の発生がない。
【００４０】
本発明の生ゴミ処理装置においては、微生物着床用チップの使用量が従来のものに比べて少なく、しかも、処理槽内の内容物はパサパサではなく、水分過多の状態であるので、内容物は嵩密度が高くなく容積を取らないため、本発明の生ゴミ処理装置はコンパクトなものとなる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の実施の形態の一つの生ゴミ処理装置の処理槽本体の斜視図である。
【図２】本発明の生ゴミ処理装置を示す側面図である。
【図３】本発明の生ゴミ処理装置を示す生ゴミ処理装置の正面図である。
【図４】本発明の生ゴミ処理装置の処理槽内に配置されるブレンダーを示す図である。
【図５】処理槽内の内容物の移動状況を示す模式図である。
【図６】帯状垂直ブレードの螺旋の一周期（３６０°）における回転棒の中心軸方向からみた帯状垂直ブレードの形状を示す図である。Ａは帯状垂直ブレード大の表面、Ａ’はＡの裏面を示し、Ｂは帯状垂直ブレード小の表面、Ｂ’はＢの裏面を示す。
【図７】ブレンダーの平面図であり、螺旋の一周期（３６０°）における帯状垂直ブレードの表面、及び裏面の様子を示す。
【符号の説明】
１１処理槽
１２投入口
１３空気供給口
１４排気口
１５、１６水供給口
１７ラバーヒータ
１８取出口
２０、２１ブレンダー
２２架台
２３モータ
２４回転伝導部材
３１、４１、１０１回転棒
３２−１、３２−２、３２−３、３２−４、３２−５、３２−６、３２−７、３２−８、３２−９、４２−１、４２−２、４２−３、４２−４、４２−５連結棒
３３−１、３３−２、３４−１、３４−２帯状垂直ブレード
１０２上部空間[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a garbage disposal apparatus capable of efficiently decomposing garbage discharged as organic waste by a microorganism and almost eliminating the garbage discharged from food manufacturers, restaurants, caterers, food service centers, hotels, and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, a garbage disposal apparatus for treating garbage discharged as organic waste in food manufacturers, restaurants, caterers, food service centers, hotels, and the like has been known. Chips such as wood chips, porous plastic particles, and porous ceramic particles on the floor are stirred with garbage to propagate aerobic microorganisms, and the germ is decomposed into water and carbon dioxide by enzymes of the microorganisms. Was.
[0003]
Most of the stirring means provided inside the processing tank of the conventional garbage processing apparatus have been proposed with a stirring rod protruding from the rotating shaft or a blade provided directly on the rotating shaft, and the stirring efficiency is not sufficient. Therefore, the efficiency of decomposition of garbage by microorganisms was not sufficient.
[0004]
In the above-mentioned conventional garbage processing apparatus, the mixing ratio of the chips on which the microorganisms are implanted with respect to the garbage is about 1: 7 to 12 and the usage ratio of the chips is large, so that the processing is performed in the processing tank in a relatively dry state. Most have been. By the way, in the processing of garbage by aerobic microorganisms, garbage is decomposed by the enzymes of the aerobic microorganisms, and in order to carry out the enzyme reaction efficiently, the garbage has more water and oxygen than the dry state. The supplied state is preferred. However, in the above-mentioned conventional garbage treatment, the use rate of the microorganism-implantation chips is large, so that the inside of the treatment tank has little water, so that it is not efficient to decompose the garbage by the enzymatic reaction of microorganisms. In addition, since the use rate of the microorganism-implantation chips is high, the amount of garbage introduced into the treatment tank is relatively small, and the garbage disposal is not efficient.
[0005]
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 8-84980 discloses a garbage disposal apparatus having a stirring device provided with a spiral vertical strip blade on a rotating shaft via a connecting blade. According to the garbage processing apparatus, the contents (garbage and bacteria bed) in the apparatus are mixed so as to gather at both sides of the apparatus at the central portion, rise, and disperse on both sides. In the garbage disposal apparatus, the intake of air is not sufficient if the stirring is performed only by the stirring blade, and an air ejection nozzle must be separately provided. In addition, in the garbage disposal apparatus, the pinching pressure applied to the garbage is not sufficient, and the crushing of solids is insufficient. In particular, rice becomes dumpling-like and lacks oxygen supply. The generation of anaerobic microorganisms gives offfensive odors, and if the pinching pressure is not sufficiently applied to the garbage, the emulsification of the fats and oils in the garbage is insufficient, that is, the fats and oils are not emulsified in water. Therefore, there is an inconvenience that the fats and oils are solidified without being decomposed because the decomposition action of the lipase of the microorganism does not work efficiently.
[0006]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-301114 discloses that two spiral stirring blades directly protruding around a rotation axis are arranged in parallel so that the respective stirring blades intrude into each other. A garbage disposal apparatus using a stirring blade that is a spiral stirring blade that reverses left and right at the center so that the contents in the processing tank can be transported from the side plates to the center is shown. According to the garbage processing apparatus, since the spiral stirring blades which reverse the direction of winding at the center of the processing tank are provided, the contents (garbage and bacteria beds) in the processing tank are separated from both side plates. The contents are sent to the central part, and the contents are in a raised state in the central part, and are circulated by inverting to the side plate side.
[0007]
When the contents are processed by the apparatus, the amount of air entrapped by the stirrer having the two rotating shafts is still unsatisfactory because the central portion is excessively raised by the contents, and However, since the moving direction is simple, the stirring efficiency is not sufficient, and there is a problem that it is not sufficient to uniformly supply air to every corner in the processing tank. Further, in this apparatus, cutting and crushing are mainly performed by a stirring blade, but since destruction at the cell level such as crushing is insufficient, leaching of cell contents is insufficient, so that garbage can be removed. It is hard to say that fermentation and decomposition are efficient. Further, in this device, kneading by pinching pressure is insufficient, so that emulsification of fats and oils in garbage becomes insufficient. That is, since fats and oils do not emulsify in water, the decomposition action of microorganisms by lipase is efficient. It does not work well and has the disadvantage that the fats and oils solidify without being decomposed.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, the present invention provides a method for performing processing in a state in which the amount of water in the processing tank is large even if the amount of raw garbage input in the processing tank of the garbage processing apparatus is relatively large relative to the amount of input of the chips for implanting microorganisms. In addition, air can be supplied sufficiently and uniformly to every corner in the treatment tank, and a sufficient clamping pressure can be applied to garbage, and solids such as rice To provide a garbage disposal apparatus capable of crushing garbage and emulsifying fats and oils, efficiently decomposing garbage containing these components, and compacting the garbage. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for treating garbage using garbage.
[0009]
The garbage disposal apparatus of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems has the following features (1) to ( 9 ).
[0010]
In other words, garbage disposal apparatus of the present invention, (1) upper part Inflate, the processing tank you accommodate the contents consisting of food waste and microorganisms landing tip at the bottom, embrace the air content Two blenders each having a stirring blade attached to a rotating rod for pressing and stirring the mixture are arranged so as to be rotatable in opposite directions in parallel with each other, and (2) the stirring blade is fixed at a fixed distance from the central axis of the rotating rod. (3) The vertical strip blade is spirally twisted and attached to the rotating rod via a connecting rod at a distance of (3), and the vertical strip blade has a central axis of the rotating rod in one cycle of the spiral. The shape viewed from the direction is a donut shape perpendicular to the rotating rod, and the surfaces in contact with the contents are all at different angles. (4) When the blender rotates, the contents in the treatment tank are From the center position to both ends of the rotating rod, or turn From the end positions of the rod to the center position of the rotating rod, the spiral of the band-shaped vertical blades on the left and right of the center position of the rotating rod are moved so that the contents are moved in opposite directions to the left and right around the center position of the rotating rod. (5) In the belt-shaped vertical blade, two types of belt-shaped vertical blades having different arrangement distances from the center axis of the rotating bar are arranged on the rotating bar as an outer band-shaped vertical blade and an inner band-shaped vertical blade. (6) the outer vertical blades and the inner vertical blades have the same spiral pitch, and the outer vertical blades and the inner vertical blades are 180 ° apart from each other at the same point on the rotation axis. provided in different connecting rods angled, the moving direction of the case, the content by the outer band vertical blades at the same point of the rotating rod to rotate (7) the blender, As the moving direction of the contents by the side band vertical blades are opposite, the direction of the helix of each other strip vertical blades are reversed, (8) the outer band vertical blades both end positions of the rotary rod by rotation From the central position of the rotating rod to the ends of the rotating rod by rotating the inner band-shaped vertical blades, so that the spiral orientation of each band-shaped vertical blade moves. Are arranged .

[0011]
The garbage disposal apparatus of the present invention, by adopting the above configuration, at the time of operation after garbage input, kneading the contents vigorously while mixing the contents, causing a shift in the contents at that time, that is, shearing By generating a force, the original shape can be destroyed (crushed) at the cell level, and the cells can be destroyed to exude the cell contents, thereby efficiently fermenting and decomposing.
[0012]
More specifically, the garbage disposal apparatus of the present invention uses a vertical belt-shaped blade outside the rotating blender to stir and move the contents from both end positions of the rotating rod to the center position of the rotating rod, thereby forming a band inside the blender. The contents are agitated and moved from the center position of the rotating rod to both end positions of the rotating rod by the vertical blade. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the movement of the contents in the processing tank by arrows. Reference numeral 101 denotes a rotating rod of the blender, and reference numeral 102 denotes an upper space in the processing tank into which air is introduced. As shown in FIG. 5, the rotation of the outer band-shaped vertical blade moves the contents from both ends of the rotating bar to the center position of the rotating bar, and the rotation of the inner band-shaped vertical blade moves the contents from the center position of the rotating bar to both ends of the rotating bar. By arranging the direction of the spiral so as to move the contents to the inside, the contents in the processing tank form a circulating flow at each of the upper and lower portions of the rotating rod 101, and the contents are formed in the processing tank. There is no delay and the stirring efficiency is good.
[0013]
Further, the two blenders arranged in parallel rotate in opposite directions to embrace the air, so that air is actively introduced into the contents, and the taken air is used for the contents of the processing tank. It is uniformly diffused to every corner and actively grows aerobic microorganisms in the contents. In addition, at the same time, the two blenders are rotating so as to apply pressure to the contents in opposite directions, so that the solids in the garbage that has been subjected to the pressure are ground and the rice is It is crushed without forming a dumpling, becomes kneaded with water and becomes thick, and the fats and oils are kneaded sufficiently with water to be emulsified and easily decomposed by aerobic microorganisms. Of fats and oils is promoted.
[0014]
In the present invention, the band-shaped vertical blade refers to a band-shaped blade which is attached in a spiral manner via a connecting rod while keeping a certain space from the rotating rod.
[0015]
The garbage disposal method of the present invention is characterized in that the garbage disposal device is operated with the garbage: microbial implantation chip being charged in a ratio of 1: 1 to 5, preferably 1: 1 to 4. I do. Conventionally, the mixing ratio of the chips on which the microorganisms are implanted to the garbage is about 1: 7 to 12, and the method of treating the garbage while stirring the contents in a dry state has been mainly used. In this case, a large amount of garbage is input to the microbe implantation chips. That is, since the garbage is treated by inputting the ratio of garbage to the microorganism implantation chip within the above range, the contents of the garbage disposal device during operation are in a state of excessive moisture, and the microorganism enzyme The environment is optimal for the reaction to take place. In addition, in the conventional garbage disposal apparatus, it is difficult to supply oxygen to all corners of the treatment tank particularly for contents having a high moisture content, and to supply oxygen uniformly to the contents. The garbage disposal apparatus of the present invention can positively supply oxygen to all corners of the treatment tank and uniformly supply oxygen to the contents by adopting the above configuration. : It is possible to operate the garbage disposal device at the ratio of the microbe implantation chips.
[0016]
Therefore, in the garbage disposal apparatus of the present invention, the amount of the microbial implantation chip used is smaller than that of the conventional one, and the contents in the treatment tank are not dry, but in an excessively moisture state. Since the bulk density is high and does not take up a volume, the garbage disposal apparatus of the present invention can be made compact.
[0017]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a processing tank main body of one garbage processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side view showing the garbage processing apparatus of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is garbage of the present invention. It is a front view of a processing device. FIG. 4 shows a blender arranged in a processing tank of the garbage processing apparatus of the present invention.
[0018]
In the garbage processing apparatus of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, reference numeral 11 denotes a processing tank, which is opened at the top of the processing tank 11 only when garbage is put in, and is closed during normal operation of the apparatus. , An aerobic microorganism, and an input port 12 for inputting a chip. The inlet 12 has a seal structure that keeps confidentiality. An air supply port 13 for supplying air necessary for growth and propagation of aerobic microorganisms into the processing tank 11 is provided at an upper portion of the processing tank 11, and further, garbage is processed in the processing tank 11. An exhaust port 14 for discharging carbon dioxide, water vapor, and the like generated by the process is provided, and water supply ports 15 and 16 for adjusting moisture in the treatment tank 11 are further provided.
[0019]
The cross section of the lower part of the treatment tank 11 is a double semicircle, and is similar to the outer periphery of the lower part of the two blenders 20 and 21 so that the two blenders 20 and 21 described in detail below are arranged. It has the shape of A rubber heater 17 for heating the inside of the processing tank 11 is provided in a lower part of the processing tank 11. The rubber heater 17 can heat the aerobic microorganism to an optimum growth temperature at the start of operation, at the time of putting in garbage, or at the time of winter operation. An outlet 18 for taking out processing residues in the processing tank 11 is provided below the long side surface of the processing tank 11.
[0020]
The processing tank 11 is installed on a gantry 22, and a motor 23 is provided below the processing tank 11. The motor 23 rotates the two blenders 20, 21 in opposite directions through a rotation transmission member 24. Rotate to embrace.
[0021]
In the garbage processing apparatus having the above configuration, a crusher may be provided upstream of the inlet 12 of the processing tank 11 as needed, and a deodorizer and a dehumidifier may be provided downstream of the exhaust port 14 as needed. In order to automatically control the temperature in the processing tank 11, a temperature detection terminal (not shown) is disposed at an appropriate position in the processing tank 11, and a temperature detection terminal (not shown) is preferably provided based on the temperature detected by the temperature detection terminal. The switch of the rubber heater 17 may be turned on so that the temperature of 30 to 45 ° C. becomes appropriate for propagation of the aerial microorganism.
[0022]
The microbial implantation chip to be put into the garbage disposal apparatus of the present invention may be one used in a usual garbage disposal apparatus, for example, hardwood dried wood pieces, cork pieces, porous plastic pieces, porous Ceramic pieces and the like can be used.
[0023]
FIG. 4 shows an example of one blender 20 of two blenders arranged so as to penetrate the processing tank of the garbage processing apparatus of the present invention. The blender 20 is connected to the connecting rods 32-1, 32-2, 32-3, 32-4, 32-5, 32-6, 32-7, 32- at a certain distance from the central axis of the rotating rod 31. The belt-shaped vertical blades 33-1, 33-2, 34-1 and 34-2 are helically twisted and attached to the rotating rod 31 via 8, 32-9. -1, 32-2, 32-3, 32-4, 32-5, 32-6, 32-7, 32-8, 32-9 are rotating rods at every rotation interval of the rotating rod 31 in the longitudinal direction. 31 are provided at every 90 ° in the circumferential direction. Each connecting rod 32-1, 32-2, 32-3, 32-4, 32-5, 32-6, 32-7 of the band-shaped vertical blades 33-1, 33-2, 34-1 and 34-2, Regarding the mounting directions in 32-8 and 32-9, the blade surface is mounted so as to be perpendicular to the center axis of the rotating rod 31.
[0024]
The band-shaped vertical blades 33-1, 33-2, 34-1 and 34-2 have two types of band-shaped vertical blades 33-1, 33-2, and 34-1 having different arrangement distances from the center axis of the rotating rod 31. 34-2, i.e., large-diameter outer band-shaped vertical blades 33-1, 33-2 and small-diameter inner band-shaped vertical blades 34-1, 34-2.
[0025]
FIGS. 6A, A ′, B and B ′ show the shapes of the respective band-shaped vertical blades viewed from the central axis direction of the rotating rod 31 in one cycle of the spiral of the band-shaped vertical blade (360 °). The surface looks like a donut. Figure 6A is a plane seen from the table of the strip perpendicular blade size, A 'represents a surface as viewed from the back of the A, looks toroidal diameter L _A. Figure 6B is a plane seen from the table of the strip perpendicular blade small, B 'represents a surface as viewed from the back of the B, look toroidal diameter L _B.
[0026]
FIG. 7 shows the plane of the blender, showing the front surface and the back surface of the band-shaped vertical blade in one cycle of the spiral (360 °). 6 and 7, a1, a2, a3, and a4 denote each structural unit on the front surface of the band-shaped vertical blade, and a1 ', a2', a3 ', and a4' denote each structural unit on the back surface of the band-shaped vertical blade. And b1, b2, b3, and b4 indicate respective structural units on the front surface of the band-shaped vertical blade small, and b1 ', b2', b3 ', and b4' indicate respective structural units on the back surface of the band-shaped vertical blade small. .
[0027]
Example of operation of garbage processing apparatus Garbage processing was performed in the following process using the garbage processing apparatus shown in FIGS.
[0028]
1) Before putting in the garbage treatment, 150 liters of microbe-implanted chips (hardwood dried wood pieces: bulk density: 0.3 kg / l) are put into the treatment tank 11 from the input port 12, and Bacillus subtilis new as an aerobic microorganism. 1 kg of BNB-40 (trade name, manufactured by Meiji Seika Co., Ltd.) is dissolved in water at 40 ° C. and charged through the charging port 12, and the water content of the microorganism-implantation chip is about 30 to 40% (in a sufficiently wet state). Water was supplied from the water supply ports 15 and 16 so that the temperature of the processing tank 11 was raised to 40 ° C. by turning on the switch of the rubber heater 17. At this time, the switches of the exhaust blower (not shown) and the intake blower (not shown) were turned on, and the exhaust was performed through the exhaust port 14 and the intake was performed through the air supply port 13.
[0029]
2) 50 liters (50 kg) of garbage was charged at a time. The breakdown of the raw garbage was 15 kg of rice, 25 kg of side meal, 5 kg of raw fish cooking residue, and 5 kg of vegetable waste. The ratio of the input amount of the garbage to the microorganism implantation chip was 1: 3 (volume ratio) of the garbage: microorganism implantation chip.
[0030]
3) The contents in the processing tank 11 are agitated by rotating the two blenders 20 and 21 in opposite directions so as to embrace the air, and the contents become uniform in a few minutes from the start of the processing. Was continued for 10 minutes, and then a stirring stop period was provided for 20 minutes, and this cycle was repeated automatically.
[0031]
4) Two hours after the continuation of operation, the fish head was crushed and was not found, and the water content was rapidly increased, and the fish was in a vibrating state. At this time, the contents turned brown due to the Maillard reaction.
[0032]
5) After 6 hours of continuous operation, the rice particles disappeared and disappeared, and the inside was muddy with no odor at the time of pouring and no odor at all.
[0033]
6) After 8 hours of continuous operation, the internal muddy state further advanced, there was no odor at all, and the content was reduced by 10 kg compared to the initial operation. This decrease is due to the emission of carbon dioxide and water vapor from the outlet.
[0034]
7) After 18 hours of continuous operation, the internal state was muddy, but the internal temperature rose rapidly from 40 ° C to 48 ° C. This is because, at the stage where the substrate on which the enzyme of the microorganism acts has disappeared and the substrate reaction has been completed, ATP already produced is oxidized and burned, and the temperature rises rapidly.
[0035]
8) After 20 hours of continuous operation, the inside was automatically switched to the drying mode, and switching from intermittent stirring to continuous stirring was performed at the same time. At the same time, the power of the exhaust blower was increased to actively remove water.
[0036]
9) After 23 hours of continuous operation, the humidity of the contents decreased by about 20 to 30%. At this time, the weight of the contents was initially 50 kg, but was reduced to 5 kg, which was reduced by 45 kg or more.
[0037]
10) Next, 50 kg of the garbage of the next lot was put into the garbage processing apparatus.
[0038]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to the garbage processing apparatus of this invention, by rotating two blenders in which the stirring blade was attached to the rotating rod in the opposite directions in parallel to each other, while mixing the contents, they are kneaded vigorously, and the contents are sufficiently mixed. The pinch can be applied at the same time, causing a shift in the contents, that is, a shearing force, and the original shape can be destroyed (crushed) at the cell level, and the cells can be destroyed. As a result, cell contents can be exuded and fermented / decomposed efficiently. Therefore, in order to promote the crushing of solids such as rice and the emulsification of fats and oils, which have been difficult in the past, the garbage can be efficiently decomposed in a form easily usable by aerobic microorganisms.
[0039]
According to the garbage disposal apparatus of the present invention, since oxygen is positively introduced into the contents in the processing tank and uniform stirring is possible, oxygen is uniformly introduced to all corners of the contents in the processing tank. Therefore, the decomposition of garbage by aerobic microorganisms is promoted, and the generation of anaerobic microorganisms is suppressed, so that no odor is generated.
[0040]
In the garbage disposal apparatus of the present invention, the amount of the microbial implantation chip used is smaller than that of the conventional one, and the contents in the treatment tank are not dry, but are in a state of excessive moisture. Since the garbage is not bulky and does not take up volume, the garbage disposal apparatus of the present invention is compact.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a processing tank main body of one garbage processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a side view showing the garbage processing apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a front view of the garbage processing apparatus showing the garbage processing apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a view showing a blender arranged in a processing tank of the garbage processing apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a moving state of contents in a processing tank.
FIG. 6 is a view showing the shape of a strip-shaped vertical blade viewed from the center axis direction of a rotating rod in one cycle (360 °) of a spiral of the strip-shaped vertical blade. A is the front surface of the large band-shaped vertical blade, A 'is the back surface of A, B is the front surface of the small band-shaped vertical blade, and B' is the back surface of B.
FIG. 7 is a plan view of the blender, showing a front surface and a back surface of the band-shaped vertical blade in one cycle of the spiral (360 °).
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Processing tank 12 Injection port 13 Air supply port 14 Exhaust port 15, 16 Water supply port 17 Rubber heater 18 Outlet 20, 21 Blender 22 Stand 23 Motor 24 Rotation transmission member 31, 41, 101 Rotating rod 32-1, 32- 2, 32-3, 32-4, 32-5, 32-6, 32-7, 32-8, 32-9, 42-1, 42-2, 42-3, 42-4, 42-5 Rods 33-1, 33-2, 34-1, 34-2 Strip vertical blade 102 Upper space

Claims

(1) Put the air in the upper, the processing tank you accommodate the contents consisting of food waste and microorganisms landing tip at the bottom, embrace the air, the contents of the rotation rod for stirring nipped Two blenders to which stirring blades are attached are arranged so as to be rotatable in opposite directions to each other in parallel.
(2) The stirring blade is a strip-shaped vertical blade spirally twisted and attached to the rotating rod via a connecting rod at a predetermined distance from the center axis of the rotating rod,
(3) The band-shaped vertical blade has a donut shape perpendicular to the rotating rod when viewed from the direction of the center axis of the rotating rod in one cycle of the spiral, and all surfaces in contact with the contents have different angles.
(4) When the blender rotates, the contents in the processing tank are moved from the center position of the rotating rod to both ends of the rotating rod, or from both ends of the rotating rod to the center position of the rotating rod, to the center of the rotating rod. The directions of the spirals of the left and right vertical band blades at the center position of the rotating rod are arranged in reverse so as to move the contents in the opposite directions to the left and right with respect to the position,
(5) The band-shaped vertical blade is such that two types of band-shaped vertical blades having different arrangement distances from the center axis of the rotating bar are arranged on the rotating bar as an outer band-shaped vertical blade and an inner band-shaped vertical blade.
(6) The outer vertical blade and the inner vertical blade have the same spiral pitch, and the outer vertical blade and the inner vertical blade are different from each other at an angle of 180 degrees at the same point on the rotation axis. Provided on the connecting rod,
(7) When the blender rotates, the moving direction of the contents by the outer band-shaped vertical blade and the moving direction of the contents by the inner band-shaped vertical blade at the same point of the rotating rod are opposite to each other. The direction of the spiral of the vertical blade is reversed ,
(8) The outer band-shaped vertical blades rotate to move the contents from both end positions of the rotating bar to the center position of the rotating bar, and the inner band-shaped vertical blades rotate from the center position of the rotating bar to both end positions of the rotating bar. A garbage disposal apparatus characterized in that the spiral direction of each strip-shaped vertical blade is arranged so as to move the contents .

2. The garbage disposal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an air supply port for supplying air is provided at an upper portion of the treatment tank.

The garbage disposal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a cross section of a lower part of the processing tank is a semi-circular shape similar to the outer periphery of the lower part of the blender.

A garbage disposal method in which garbage and microorganism-implantation chips are introduced into the garbage disposal apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3 at a ratio of 1: 1 to 5 for operation.