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JP3545855B2 - Building airtightness measurement method - Google Patents
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JP3545855B2 - Building airtightness measurement method - Google Patents

Building airtightness measurement method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3545855B2
JP3545855B2 JP30560995A JP30560995A JP3545855B2 JP 3545855 B2 JP3545855 B2 JP 3545855B2 JP 30560995 A JP30560995 A JP 30560995A JP 30560995 A JP30560995 A JP 30560995A JP 3545855 B2 JP3545855 B2 JP 3545855B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
building
air
ventilation fan
exhaust duct
airtightness
Prior art date
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Expired - Fee Related
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JP30560995A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH09145517A (en
Inventor
博史 八木沢
章太 上西
陽治 御江
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Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
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Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、建物の気密度を測定する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、快適な住環境をつくるため、隙間風を減らす工夫がなされ、建物の気密化が進んでいる。建物の気密化を行なう場合、計画的に快適な換気を行なえるか否かを判定しなければならず、そのため気密性の達成度合いを正確に測定する必要がある。
【0003】
従来、建物の気密度測定方法としては、図4に示すように、建物1が完成し、ユーザに引き渡す直前に、建物1の窓サッシなどの開口部2に建物1内の空気を外部に排出する排気ダクト3および排気ダクト3内の風量を測定する風量計4を設置し、排気ダクト3の上流側に建物1内外に所定の圧力差を作り出す電動ファン5を設置すると共に、建物1内に建物1内外の空気圧の差圧を検出する電子ダイヤフラム式の微差圧計6を設置し、風量計4および微差圧計6を制御すると共に、データ処理を行なうマイコン7に接続し、電動ファン5により建物1内を減圧または加圧したときの風量−差圧特性(以下、PQ特性という)曲線から、マイコン7により建物1の気密度を求めている。
【0004】
なお、図中、8は建物1内に空気を取り入れる給気口であり、建物1の側壁に設けられている。9は建物1の側壁に装着された排気ダクトであり、測定時は閉じておく。10は換気ファンが収納されたレンジフードであり、換気ファンは排気ダクト9の吸い込み側に設けられている。また、6a,6bは微差圧計6に建物1内外の空気圧を供給する測定管である。
【0005】
なお、かかる技術は、たとえば、住宅気密測定器(KNS−4000シリーズ/全自動計算タイプ)コーナー札幌株式会社,1993年度発行カタログに開示されている。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、前述した気密度測定方法においては、次のような問題点があることが本発明者により見い出された。
従来の気密度測定は、建物1をユーザに引き渡す直前、すなわち、人が住んでいない状態で行なわれていた。ところが、人が住んでいない建物と人が住んでいる建物とでは、空気(換気)の流れる経路が異なる。つまり、人が住んでいない建物では、屋外,建物1の隙間,室内,気密測定器,屋外の順に空気が流れ、人が住んでいる建物では、屋外,建物1の隙間,室内,レンジフード,屋外の順に空気が流れる。このため、測定結果に誤差が生じ、人が住んでいる状態での正確な気密度測定ができない。
【0007】
また、窓サッシなどの開口部2に排気ダクト3などの専用設備を取り付けなければならないので、測定に時間が掛かる上、その際建物1の床や壁を損傷する。排気ダクト3や風量計4を常時設置することが難しく、建物1の気密度の経年変化を測定する場合、コストと手間が掛かる。
本発明の目的は、前述した問題点に鑑み、居住状態での気密度測定を容易かつ正確に行なうことができる建物の気密度測定方法を提供することにある。
【0008】
本発明の前記ならびにその他の目的と新規な特徴は、本明細書の記述および添付図面から明らかになるであろう。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本願において開示される発明のうち、代表的なものの概要を簡単に説明すれば、以下のとおりである。
本発明の建物の気密度測定方法は、換気ファンおよび前記換気ファンによる換気風を外部に排出する排気ダクトを配設した建物の気密度測定方法において、前記建物の窓やドアなどの開口部を開放した状態で、前記換気ファンを駆動させ、前記換気ファンの空気吸い込み口および空気吹き出し口に第1の差圧計を取り付け、前記第1の差圧計により前記換気ファンの空気吸い込み口と空気吹き出し口との間の空気圧差を検出した後、前記検出された空気圧差および前記換気ファンの換気風量から前記排気ダクトの圧力損失を算出し、前記建物の開口部を閉じた状態で、前記換気ファンを駆動させ、第2の差圧計により前記建物内外の空気圧差を検出し、前記建物内外の空気圧差および前記換気ファンの換気風量から前記建物の圧力損失を算出した後、前記建物の圧力損失から前記排気ダクトの圧力損失を差し引いて、前記排気ダクトを除く前記建物の圧力損失を求め、前記建物の気密度を測定するものである。
【0010】
従って、前述した建物の気密度測定方法によれば、気密度の測定が既設の換気設備を流用して行なわれるので、建物の気密度が実際の使用状態で容易に測定される。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の一実施例を図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。ここで、図1は本発明の一実施例に係る建物の気密度測定方法を説明する図、図2(a),(b)は本発明の一実施例に係るレンジフードの内部の要部説明図、図3(a),(b)は換気ファンのPQ特性図を示す。また、従来例および実施例を説明するための全図において、同一の機能を有するものは同一の符号を付け、その繰り返しの説明は省略する。
【0012】
図1において、建物1の一側壁には、建物1の換気風量を外部に排出する排気ダクト9が設けられ、排気ダクト9の空気吸い込み側にレンジフード10が装着されている。レンジフード10内には後述する換気ファン(シロッコファン)が収納されている。建物1の他側壁には、建物1内に空気を取り入れる給気口8および窓サッシや玄関ドアなどの開口部2が形成されている。
【0013】
図2に示すように、レンジフード10内に収納された換気ファン12は、建物1内外に所定の圧力差を作り出すものであり、排気ダクト9の吸い込み側に設けられている。換気ファン12の空気吸い込み側および排気ダクト9の上流側(換気ファン12の空気吹き出し側)には、それぞれ測定管11a,11bを介して高感度電子式の微差圧計11が接続されている。測定管11aの上流端には、乱流よけカバー13が覆設され、測定管11a内に導入される空気の乱流を防いでいる。
【0014】
建物1内には、建物1内外の空気圧差を検出する高感度電子式の微差圧計6が設けられ、微差圧計6には、建物1内外の空気圧を取り入れる測定管6a,6bが接続されている。そして、微差圧計6,11はそれぞれマイコン7に接続されている。なお、図中、14は、オイルフィルタであり、たとえば台所などでは、調理油が換気ファン12に付着するのを防ぐ。
【0015】
建物1の気密度測定方法は、まず、建物1の開口部2を開放した後、換気ファン12を作動する。次いで、微差圧計11により換気ファン12の空気吸い込み口および空気吹き出し口の空気圧差(P)を検出する。これにより、既に分かっている換気ファン12の換気風量(Q)と検出された換気ファン12の空気圧差(P)により、換気ファン12のPQ特性が求められる。
【0016】
その後、マイコン7により換気ファン12の空気圧差(P)および換気風量(Q)より排気ダクト9の圧力損失(ダクト抵抗)を算出する。このとき、PQ特性の測定結果より求められた排気ダクト9の圧力損失と、排気ダクト9の長さや形状より算出された理論上の圧力損失とを比較し、これらが同一ならば、排気ダクト9は良好に施工されているものと判断する(図3(a)参照)。
【0017】
次に、建物の開口部2を閉じる。換気ファン12を駆動させ、測定管6a、6bより建物1内外の空気圧を取り入れ、微差圧計6により建物1内外の空気差圧(P)を検出する。そして、マイコン7により建物1内外の空気圧差(P)および換気ファン12の換気風量(Q)から建物1の圧力損失を算出した後、建物1の圧力損失から排気ダクト9の圧力損失を差し引き、建物1の気密度が測定される(図3(b)参照)。
【0018】
このように、本実施例では、微差圧計11を既設の換気ファン12および排気ダクト9に取り付け、換気ファン12の空気圧差を検出することにより、建物1の気密度が測定されるので、気密度の測定が既設の換気設備を流用して行なわれ、人が住んでいる状態での測定が可能になるため、建物の気密度の測定を正確かつ容易に行なうことができる。
【0019】
以上、本発明者によってなされた発明を、実施例に基づき具体的に説明したが、本発明は、前記実施例に限定されるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲で、種々変更可能であることは、言うまでもない。
【0020】
【発明の効果】
本願によって開示される発明のうち、代表的なものによって得られる効果を簡単に説明すれば、以下のとおりである。
本発明によれば、第1の差圧計を既設の換気ファンおよび排気ダクトに取り付け、換気ファンの空気圧差を検出することにより、建物の気密度が測定されるので、気密度の測定が既設の換気設備を流用して行なわれる。これにより、測定時間を短縮することができ、建物の損傷を防止することができる。また、人が住んでいる状態での測定が可能になるので、正確な測定結果が得られ、建物の気密度の経年変化が低コストかつ容易に測定できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施例である建物の気密度測定方法を説明する図である。
【図2】(a)は、本発明の一実施例であるレンジフードの内部を正面からみたときの要部説明図、(b)は本発明の一実施例であるレンジフードの内部を側面からみたときの要部説明図である。
【図3】(a),(b)は換気ファンのPQ特性図である。
【図4】従来の建物の気密度測定方法を説明する図である。
【符号の説明】
1 建物
2 開口部
3,9 排気ダクト
4 風量計
5 電動ファン
6,11 微差圧計
6a,6b,11a,11b 測定管
7 マイコン
8 給気口
10 レンジフード
12 換気ファン
13 乱流よけカバー
14 オイルフィルタ
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for measuring the airtightness of a building.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, in order to create a comfortable living environment, measures have been taken to reduce drafts, and the buildings are becoming more airtight. When performing airtightness of a building, it is necessary to determine whether comfortable ventilation can be performed systematically, and therefore it is necessary to accurately measure the degree of airtightness achieved.
[0003]
Conventionally, as a method for measuring the airtightness of a building, as shown in FIG. 4, immediately before the building 1 is completed and handed over to a user, the air inside the building 1 is discharged to the outside through an opening 2 such as a window sash of the building 1. An exhaust duct 3 to be installed and an air flow meter 4 for measuring an air volume in the exhaust duct 3 are installed, and an electric fan 5 for creating a predetermined pressure difference inside and outside the building 1 is installed on the upstream side of the exhaust duct 3, and inside the building 1. An electronic diaphragm type differential pressure gauge 6 for detecting a differential pressure between the air pressure inside and outside the building 1 is installed, and the air flow meter 4 and the differential pressure gauge 6 are controlled and connected to a microcomputer 7 which performs data processing. The airtightness of the building 1 is obtained by the microcomputer 7 from the air volume-differential pressure characteristic (hereinafter referred to as PQ characteristic) curve when the pressure in the building 1 is reduced or increased.
[0004]
In the figure, reference numeral 8 denotes an air supply port for taking air into the building 1 and is provided on a side wall of the building 1. Reference numeral 9 denotes an exhaust duct mounted on the side wall of the building 1, which is closed during measurement. Reference numeral 10 denotes a range hood in which a ventilation fan is stored. The ventilation hood is provided on the suction side of the exhaust duct 9. Reference numerals 6a and 6b denote measurement pipes for supplying air pressure inside and outside the building 1 to the differential pressure gauge 6.
[0005]
Such a technique is disclosed in, for example, a housing airtightness measuring instrument (KNS-4000 series / fully automatic calculation type) corner Sapporo Co., Ltd., published in 1993.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the present inventor has found that the airtightness measuring method described above has the following problems.
Conventional airtightness measurement was performed immediately before handing over the building 1 to a user, that is, in a state where no one lives. However, the path through which air (ventilation) flows differs between a building where no people live and a building where people live. In other words, in a building where no people live, air flows in the order of outdoor, gaps in the building 1, indoors, airtightness measuring instruments, and outdoors. Air flows in the order of outdoors. For this reason, an error occurs in the measurement result, and accurate airtightness measurement cannot be performed while a person lives.
[0007]
In addition, since dedicated equipment such as an exhaust duct 3 must be attached to the opening 2 such as a window sash, it takes time for measurement, and at that time, the floor and walls of the building 1 are damaged. It is difficult to always install the exhaust duct 3 and the anemometer 4, and when measuring the secular change of the airtightness of the building 1, cost and labor are required.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring airtightness of a building, which can easily and accurately measure airtightness in a living state in view of the above-mentioned problems.
[0008]
The above and other objects and novel features of the present invention will become apparent from the description of the present specification and the accompanying drawings.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The following is a brief description of an outline of typical inventions disclosed in the present application.
An airtightness measuring method for a building according to the present invention is the airtightness measuring method for a building in which a ventilation fan and an exhaust duct for exhausting ventilation wind from the ventilation fan to the outside are provided. In the open state, the ventilation fan is driven, and a first differential pressure gauge is attached to the air suction port and the air discharge port of the ventilation fan. After detecting the air pressure difference between the above, the pressure loss of the exhaust duct is calculated from the detected air pressure difference and the amount of ventilation air of the ventilation fan, and the ventilation fan is closed with the opening of the building closed. Drive, the air pressure difference inside and outside the building is detected by the second differential pressure gauge, and the pressure loss of the building is calculated from the air pressure difference inside and outside the building and the ventilation air volume of the ventilation fan. After, minus the pressure loss of the exhaust duct from the pressure loss of the building, determined the pressure loss of the building except for the exhaust duct, it is to measure the air density of the building.
[0010]
Therefore, according to the above-described method for measuring the airtightness of a building, the airtightness is measured by diverting the existing ventilation equipment, so that the airtightness of the building can be easily measured in an actual use state.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Here, FIG. 1 is a view for explaining a method for measuring the airtightness of a building according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 2A and 2B are main parts inside a range hood according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 3A and 3B show PQ characteristics of the ventilation fan. Further, in all the drawings for explaining the conventional example and the embodiment, those having the same functions are denoted by the same reference numerals, and their repeated description will be omitted.
[0012]
In FIG. 1, an exhaust duct 9 for exhausting the ventilation air volume of the building 1 to the outside is provided on one side wall of the building 1, and a range hood 10 is mounted on the air suction side of the exhaust duct 9. A ventilation fan (sirocco fan) described later is housed in the range hood 10. The other side wall of the building 1 is formed with an air inlet 8 for taking in air into the building 1 and an opening 2 such as a window sash or a front door.
[0013]
As shown in FIG. 2, the ventilation fan 12 housed in the range hood 10 creates a predetermined pressure difference inside and outside the building 1 and is provided on the suction side of the exhaust duct 9. A high-sensitivity electronic micro differential pressure gauge 11 is connected to the air suction side of the ventilation fan 12 and the upstream side of the exhaust duct 9 (air blowing side of the ventilation fan 12) via measuring tubes 11a and 11b, respectively. At the upstream end of the measuring tube 11a, a turbulence cover 13 is provided to prevent the turbulent flow of the air introduced into the measuring tube 11a.
[0014]
In the building 1, a high-sensitivity electronic micro differential pressure gauge 6 for detecting the air pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the building 1 is provided, and the measuring pipes 6a and 6b for taking in the air pressure inside and outside the building 1 are connected to the micro differential pressure gauge 6. ing. Each of the differential pressure gauges 6 and 11 is connected to the microcomputer 7. In the drawing, reference numeral 14 denotes an oil filter, which prevents cooking oil from adhering to the ventilation fan 12 in, for example, a kitchen.
[0015]
In the method for measuring the airtightness of the building 1, first, after opening the opening 2 of the building 1, the ventilation fan 12 is operated. Next, the differential pressure gauge 11 detects the air pressure difference (P) between the air inlet and the air outlet of the ventilation fan 12. Thus, the PQ characteristic of the ventilation fan 12 is obtained from the already known ventilation air volume (Q) of the ventilation fan 12 and the detected air pressure difference (P) of the ventilation fan 12.
[0016]
Thereafter, the microcomputer 7 calculates the pressure loss (duct resistance) of the exhaust duct 9 from the air pressure difference (P) of the ventilation fan 12 and the ventilation air volume (Q). At this time, the pressure loss of the exhaust duct 9 obtained from the measurement result of the PQ characteristic is compared with the theoretical pressure loss calculated from the length and shape of the exhaust duct 9. Is determined to be satisfactorily constructed (see FIG. 3A).
[0017]
Next, the opening 2 of the building is closed. The ventilation fan 12 is driven to take in the air pressure inside and outside the building 1 from the measurement pipes 6a and 6b, and the differential pressure gauge 6 detects the air differential pressure (P) inside and outside the building 1. Then, after the microcomputer 7 calculates the pressure loss of the building 1 from the air pressure difference (P) between the inside and outside of the building 1 and the ventilation air volume (Q) of the ventilation fan 12, the pressure loss of the exhaust duct 9 is subtracted from the pressure loss of the building 1, The airtightness of the building 1 is measured (see FIG. 3B).
[0018]
As described above, in the present embodiment, the airtightness of the building 1 is measured by attaching the fine differential pressure gauge 11 to the existing ventilation fan 12 and the exhaust duct 9 and detecting the air pressure difference of the ventilation fan 12. Since the measurement of the density is performed by diverting the existing ventilation equipment, and the measurement can be performed in a state where a person lives, the measurement of the air density of the building can be performed accurately and easily.
[0019]
As described above, the invention made by the inventor has been specifically described based on the embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the invention. It goes without saying that.
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
The effects obtained by typical aspects of the invention disclosed in the present application will be briefly described as follows.
According to the present invention, the air pressure of the building is measured by attaching the first differential pressure gauge to the existing ventilation fan and the exhaust duct, and detecting the air pressure difference of the ventilation fan. It is performed by diverting ventilation equipment. As a result, the measurement time can be reduced, and damage to the building can be prevented. In addition, since measurement can be performed in a state where a person lives, accurate measurement results can be obtained, and changes over time in the airtightness of a building can be easily measured at low cost.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a method for measuring airtightness of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2A is an explanatory view of a main part when the inside of a range hood according to one embodiment of the present invention is viewed from the front, and FIG. 2B is a side view of the inside of the range hood according to one embodiment of the present invention; It is a principal part explanatory view at the time of seeing.
FIGS. 3A and 3B are PQ characteristic diagrams of a ventilation fan.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a conventional method for measuring airtightness of a building.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Building 2 Opening 3,9 Exhaust duct 4 Air flow meter 5 Electric fan 6,11 Micro differential pressure gauge 6a, 6b, 11a, 11b Measurement pipe 7 Microcomputer 8 Air supply port 10 Range hood 12 Ventilation fan 13 Turbulence prevention cover 14 Oil filter

Claims (1)

換気ファンおよび前記換気ファンによる換気風を外部に排出する排気ダクトを配設した建物の気密度測定方法において、
前記建物の窓やドアなどの開口部を開放した状態で、前記換気ファンを駆動させ、前記換気ファンの空気吸い込み口および空気吹き出し口に第1の差圧計を取り付け、前記第1の差圧計により前記換気ファンの空気吸い込み口と空気吹き出し口との間の空気圧差を検出する工程と、前記検出された空気圧差および前記換気ファンの換気風量から前記排気ダクトの圧力損失を算出する工程と、前記建物の開口部を閉じた状態で、前記換気ファンを駆動させ、第2の差圧計により前記建物内外の空気圧差を検出する工程と、前記建物内外の空気圧差および前記換気ファンの換気風量から前記建物の圧力損失を算出する工程と、前記建物の圧力損失から前記排気ダクトの圧力損失を差し引いて、前記排気ダクトを除く前記建物の圧力損失を求め、前記建物の気密度を測定する工程とを含むことを特徴する建物の気密度測定方法。
In the airtightness measuring method for a building provided with a ventilation fan and an exhaust duct for discharging ventilation wind by the ventilation fan to the outside,
With the openings of the windows and doors of the building open, the ventilation fan is driven, and a first differential pressure gauge is attached to an air inlet and an air outlet of the ventilation fan, and the first differential pressure gauge is used. A step of detecting an air pressure difference between an air inlet and an air outlet of the ventilation fan; anda step of calculating a pressure loss of the exhaust duct from the detected air pressure difference and a ventilation air volume of the ventilation fan. A step of driving the ventilation fan with the opening of the building closed and detecting a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the building with a second differential pressure gauge; and Calculating the pressure loss of the building, and subtracting the pressure loss of the exhaust duct from the pressure loss of the building to determine the pressure loss of the building excluding the exhaust duct, Air density determination method for the building of comprising a step of measuring the airtightness of the building.
JP30560995A 1995-11-24 1995-11-24 Building airtightness measurement method Expired - Fee Related JP3545855B2 (en)

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