JP3545980B2 - Ultra high strength electric resistance welded steel pipe with excellent delayed fracture resistance and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Ultra high strength electric resistance welded steel pipe with excellent delayed fracture resistance and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- JP3545980B2 JP3545980B2 JP34629499A JP34629499A JP3545980B2 JP 3545980 B2 JP3545980 B2 JP 3545980B2 JP 34629499 A JP34629499 A JP 34629499A JP 34629499 A JP34629499 A JP 34629499A JP 3545980 B2 JP3545980 B2 JP 3545980B2
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 112
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 112
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 38
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 21
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- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 26
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 16
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000797 Ultra-high-strength steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 4
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、耐遅れ破壊特性に優れ、引張強度が1620N/mm2 以上の焼入れ型超高強度電縫鋼管の技術分野に属し、詳しくは自動車ドアのインパクトビームやバンパーの補強部材等、軽量でかつ強度の要求される用途に用いられる超高強度電縫鋼管の技術分野に属するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
地球の環境保全の観点から、最近、自動車の燃費の改善要求が強くなってきている。そこで、車体の軽量化を図るべくドアのインパクトビーム等、自動車の補強部材用途には引張強度の高い高強度材の要求が強まっている。例えば、特開昭57−134765 号公報には、成形した鋼管の焼入れ処理に先立ち、焼入れ組織の均一化を図るため、焼きならし処理後に焼入れして熱処理後の硬さHv≧600 の高強度材の製造方法が提案されている。また、特開平1−261718号公報には、引張強度≧120kgf/mm2(1180N/mm2 )の焼入れ鋼管の製造方法が提案されている。
【0003】
しかし、鋼材は超高強度になると水素脆化による割れ、所謂遅れ破壊が発生することは、例えば、引張強度980N/mm2以上の強度を有する超高強度鋼を用いたボルトについて、特開昭60−155644 号公報に開示されているように、既によく知られていることである。したがって、超高強度鋼管を用いた種々の部材においても、大気環境下での腐食反応によって発生する水素が鋼材中に侵入して、使用中に突然遅れ破壊が発生する恐れがある。
【0004】
一方、前述の補強部材の軽量化を達成するために、鋼管の高強度化を達成する方法は多数提案されている。例えば、特開平5−9579号公報には、析出強化により鋼管強度 120〜150kgf/mm2(1180〜1470N/mm2 )級鋼の製造方法が提案されており、特開平5−65541 号公報には成分調整と製造条件を規定し、引張強度 150〜190kgf/mm2(1470〜1860N/mm2 )級の超高強度鋼管の製造方法が提案されている。
【0005】
他方で、遅れ破壊に注目したものでは、特開平5−339678号公報に、主要成分を制御した引張強度 130〜170kgf/mm2(1270〜1670N/mm2 )級鋼管が提案されているが、引張強度170kgf/mm2(1670N/mm2 )を超えると遅れ破壊特性が劣化することが紹介されている。また、特開平7−126750号公報には、電縫鋼管の溶接部を含めた最高硬さが Hv550以下とした鋼管を 600℃以下の温度で熱処理する方法が提案されているが、これは引張強度1180N/mm2 級鋼管であり本発明が目標とする引張強度1620N/mm2 以上よりも低い。つまり、超高強度化すると補強部材の軽量化ニーズは達成できるが、遅れ破壊特性の向上が図れない。また、良好な遅れ破壊特性を確保するためには、得られる引張強度は低くなるという問題がある。
【0006】
また、超高強度薄鋼板の遅れ破壊特性の防止については、特開平4−268053号公報に提案されているように、鋼中にSiを添加し、鋼板中への水素の侵入を制御することによって、遅れ破壊の原因となる水素脆化の発生を防止する方法がある。しかし、遅れ破壊の発生原因は、必ずしも水素侵入に限られているものではなく、腐食ピット形成による応力集中も大きな要因となる。したがって、Si添加のみによって遅れ破壊の発生を十分に防止することは困難である。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
自動車ドアのインパクトビーム等の補強部材に使用される鋼材には、所定の引張強度が要求されることは勿論、衝撃等に十分耐えるための靱性に優れていることと同時に、高強度鋼材に付随する耐遅れ破壊特性に優れることも必要である。
【0008】
本発明は、上記の課題を解決するためになされたもので、引張強度が1620N/mm2 以上の焼入れ型超高強度電縫鋼管で、かつ耐遅れ破壊特性に優れた自動車用超高強度電縫鋼管を提供することを目的とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
その要旨は、質量%で、C:0.20〜0.30%、 Si:0.05〜0.50%、 Mn:0.80〜2.0 %、 P:0.020%以下、 S:0.020%以下、 Al:0.01〜0.10%、 Cu:0.05〜1.0 %、Cr:0.05〜1.0 %、 Ti:0.01〜0.10%、B:0.0005〜0.0050%を含み、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物よりなり引張強度が1620N/mm2 以上である耐遅れ破壊特性の優れた自動車用超高強度電縫鋼管である。
【0010】
さらに質量%で、 Nb:0.01〜0.10%、V:0.01〜0.10%、 Zr:0.01〜0.10%、 Mo:0.05〜1.0 %、 Ni:0.05〜2.0 %の中から選ばれる1種または2種以上を含む上記の耐遅れ破壊特性の優れた自動車用超高強度電縫鋼管である。
【0011】
上記の化学成分を有する熱延鋼板から造管した電縫鋼管を Ac3変態点以上、 950℃以下の温度に加熱した後、水冷する高周波焼入れを行い引張強度が1620N/mm2 以上である耐遅れ破壊特性の優れた自動車用超高強度電縫鋼管の製造方法である。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明者らは、引張強度、靱性および耐遅れ破壊特性の三者を満足させるべく鋼材の成分について種々検討を重ねた。その結果、自動車ドアのインパクトビーム等の補強部材としての用途に適した超高強度焼入れ鋼管を見出した。すなわち、焼入れ鋼管の強度、靱性レベルを向上させ、耐遅れ破壊特性を兼備し、しかも高周波焼入れに対応した焼入れ性を考慮して、鋼中の成分組成を限定した。そして、簡単な高周波焼入れを採用することにより、インパクトビーム等の補強部材に要求される強度、靱性、耐遅れ破壊特性を兼備した超高強度鋼管を高い生産性のもとで製造できることを見出したものである。
【0013】
高強度鋼の遅れ破壊は、現象的には、鋼中に侵入した拡散性水素が引張応力勾配にしたがって、ある箇所に局部的に集中し、その箇所において、鋼が水素脆化割れを起こすことであると見なされている。水素脆化割れは、面圧説、鉄原子間の凝集力低下説等の種々の機構が提案されているものの、未だに明確には解明されていないが、水素の吸収し易さ、拡散し易さおよび鋼自身の水素脆化感受性の3つの要因が相互に関連した現象であると理解される。
【0014】
したがって、水素脆化の対策として、鋼側からは、(1) 水素の侵入経路を遮ること、(2) 水素の鋼中での拡散と引張応力部への集中を抑制すること、(3) 鋼自身の水素脆化感受性を低下すること、の3つの対策が有効と考えられる。従来、水素脆化の対策としては、(2) 、(3) によるものが多いが、本発明は(1) の対策にも着目したもである。
【0015】
すなわち、通常の使用環境における鋼の水素吸蔵は、鋼が腐食する際にカソード反応により生じた水素がガス化せずに、鋼中に侵入することに起因するので、本発明によって鋼の耐食性を向上させ、水素吸蔵を防止することによって、(1) の対策を実行することができる。また、耐食性の向上の別の側面として、本発明によって、不均一腐食を抑制することにより、鋼材表面における応力集中を避けることができ、もって上記(2) の対策とすることができる。一方、(3) の鋼自身の水素脆化感受性の低下に関しては、粒界偏析元素の含有量を低減することと、あるいは結晶粒の微細化等によって対応することができる。
【0016】
本発明は、このように超高強度電縫鋼管の強度、靱性、耐遅れ破壊特性を向上させるための添加元素を鋭意検討した結果、以下に説明するような所定の元素を用いることによって、引張強度1620N/mm2 以上でありながら、靱性、耐遅れ破壊特性に優れる超高強度電縫鋼管を得ることに成功したものである。
【0017】
以下に、本発明の超高強度電縫鋼管の化学成分の限定理由について説明する。
【0018】
C :本発明は焼入れマルテンサイトによる強化を目指すもので、焼入れ状態のままのマルテンサイトの強度は鋼中のC 含有量によって決定される。そこで、C は鋼管中にマルテンサイト等の低温変態組織を生成し、鋼管を高強度化するために必須の元素であり、特に、本発明のように、1620N/mm2 以上の強度を得るためには、図1に示すように、少なくとも0.20%以上の含有量が必要である。しかし、含有量が0.30%を超えると、強度は上昇するものの延性や靱性が低下する。その結果、衝撃荷重が負荷されたときに脆性的に破壊し、インパクトビームとして望ましくない性質を呈する。また、耐食性の劣化等が原因となり耐水素脆化特性の劣化が促進されることもあるので、C 含有量は0.30%を上限とする。
【0019】
Si:Siは、鋼の脱酸剤として使用される元素であり、焼入れ性を高めるためにも有用であり、延性を劣化させることなく、鋼を固溶強化するとともに生成する錆を緻密化して腐食による水素侵入を抑制するために有効な元素である。また、電縫溶接で鋼管を製造する場合に、溶接部の健全性を維持するうえで非常に有効な元素でもある。このような効果を得るためには、0.05%以上の含有量が必要である。含有量の上限は、電縫鋼管の溶接時に生じるペネトレータと呼ばれる酸化物の形成を抑制するために0.50%とする。
【0020】
Mn:Mnは、鋼のマルテンサイト変態温度を低下させ、焼入れ性を向上させるとともに、焼入れ処理途中での変態後のセルフテンパーによる焼入れ強度不足となることを回避し、高強度を安定して得るに非常に有効な元素である。このような効果を発現させるためには、0.80%以上の含有量が必要である。しかし、 2.0%を超えて添加してもその効果が飽和するのみならず、偏析が大きくなり組織が不均一となるので、含有量は 2.0%を上限とする。
【0021】
P :P は、鋼を強化し延性を高めるためにも有効な元素であるが、反面、粒界に偏析し易く、粒界強度を低下させ靱性も低下するので、含有量は 0.020%以下とする。
【0022】
S :S は、Mn等と非金属介在物を形成し、腐食発生の起点となり、耐遅れ破壊特性を低下させるとともに、靱性の劣化や溶接部の健全性低下等の欠陥を引き起こすので、含有量は 0.020%以下とする。
【0023】
Al:Alは溶鋼の脱酸剤として有用な元素である。この効果を得るためには、0.01%の含有量が必要である。しかし、含有量が0.10%を超えると鋼の清浄度が損なわれるとともに、表面疵が生じ易くなるので、0.10%を含有量の上限とする。
【0024】
Cu:Cuは、生成錆を緻密化して大気環境下における鋼の腐食速度を著しく低減し、耐遅れ破壊特性の向上を図る上で、本発明における極めて有用な元素である。また、Cuは電気化学的に鉄よりも貴な元素であることから、相乗的に鋼の耐食性を向上させる。これらの効果を有効に得るには、図2に示すように、少なくとも0.05%の含有量を必要とする。しかし、他方においては、Cuは熱間圧延時に脆化を引き起こす恐れがあるので、含有量の上限を 1.0%とする。また、熱間圧延時の脆化を抑制するには、等量程度のNiと併せて添加することが好ましい。
【0025】
Cr:Crは、鋼の焼入れ性を向上させるために有効な元素であり、0.05%以上の含有量が必要である。しかし、 1.0%を超えて含有させると、電縫鋼管の溶接時にペネトレータが発生し易くなり高強度鋼管としての靱性低下の原因となるので、 1.0%を含有量の上限とする。
【0026】
Ti:Tiは、微細な炭化物を形成することによって、結晶粒の微細化と粒成長抑制効果を有する。さらに、拡散性水素のトラップサイトとして作用し、鋼素材の水素脆化感受性を低下させ、さらには、生成錆の緻密化の効果を有して耐食性を向上させる。また、B を添加した鋼ではTiの脱窒効果によって、B が有効に作用し所定の焼入れ性が確保される。これらの効果を得るためには、少なくとも0.01%の含有量が必要である。しかし、過度に添加すると、炭化物が粗大化して靱性の劣化をまねくので、0.10%を含有量の上限とする。
【0027】
B :鋼の焼入れ性はB の添加によって大きく向上する。また、焼入れ組織の靱性向上にも効果のある有用な元素である。この効果を得るためには、少なくとも0.0005%以上の含有量が必要である。しかし、0.0050%を超えて添加すると鋼中に M23(C、B)6 で表される複合炭硼化物が形成され、逆に焼入れ性の低下を招き、所定の強度が得られなくなるので、0.0050%を含有量の上限とする。
【0028】
本発明の超高強度電縫鋼管には、上記以外に下記の化学成分の中から選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有することができる。
【0029】
Nb、V 、Zr:これらの元素は、いずれもTiと同様に安定な炭窒化物を形成し、焼入れ時に結晶粒の粗大化を抑制し、靱性の劣化を防止する等の有効な作用を呈する。このような作用を得るには、0.01%以上の含有量が必要となる。含有量が0.10%を超えると短時間で鋼材が加熱される高周波焼入れでは、炭化物の固溶不足に起因してマトリックスの C濃度が低下する。その結果、必要とする強度が得られなくなる。したがって、それぞれの含有量の上限は0.10%とする。
【0030】
Mo:Moは鋼の焼入れ性を向上させるのに有効な元素であり、Moを添加することによって耐遅れ破壊特性を劣化させる C量を増加させることなく、より高強度の鋼を得ることができる。また、Moの添加により同一強度の鋼を得るのであれば、C量を低減することができ、これによって耐遅れ破壊特性を向上させることができる。このような効果を得るためには、少なくとも0.05%以上の含有量が必要である。しかし、過度に添加すると延性の低下をもたらすとともに、高価な元素であるので製造コストを高める。したがって、Moの含有量の上限は 1.0%とする。
【0031】
Ni:Niは鋼の焼入れ性を向上させ、同時に鉄原子間の結合エネルギを高めることで、靱性の劣化を抑えながら高強度化を図る上で非常に有効な元素である。また、生成錆の緻密化によって、鋼の耐食性を向上させる効果も有する。これらの作用を得るためには、少なくとも0.05%以上の含有量が必要であり、より望ましくは0.10%以上の含有量が必要である。しかし、過度に添加しても特性改善効果が緩慢になるだけでなく、鋼材のコスト上昇を招く。したがって、Niの含有量の上限は 2.0%とする。
【0032】
次に、製造方法について説明する。本発明によれば、先ず上述した化学成分を有する鋼片(スラブ)を加熱温度1100℃以上、巻取温度 650℃以下の条件にて、常法にしたがって熱間圧延を行う。鋼片加熱においては、本発明におけるような高強度鋼では熱間圧延時の圧延荷重が高くなる傾向があるので、圧延温度が低くなりすぎないようにすることが好ましく、そこで鋼片の加熱温度を1100℃以上とする。この場合、連続鋳造された鋼片をそのまま圧延する直接圧延や軽加熱や鋼片を一度冷却した後に再加熱を行う方法等、加熱方法は特に限定されるものではない。しかし、加熱温度が1300℃を超えることは、徒に熱エネルギを消費するのみであり特に利点はない。
【0033】
鋼片の熱間圧延は、常法によって行えばよく、仕上げ圧延は Ar3変態点以上のオーステナイト単相域で行えばよい。巻取りは、圧延鋼板表面のスケールの除去性を考慮し、 650℃以下の温度で行うことが望ましい。しかし、余りに巻取温度が低くなると、ベイナイトやマルテンサイトの低温変態組織が混在し、強度が高くなり造管しにくくなるので、下限温度を 450℃以上の温度とする。このような条件にて製造した熱延鋼板は、一般の電縫鋼管の強度水準である390N/mm2〜690N/mm2程度となり、通常の熱延鋼板と同等の状態で造管が可能である。
【0034】
このようにして得られた熱延鋼板(鋼帯)を常法にしたがって、酸洗、研削、ショットブラスト等の手段によって表面のスケールを除去した後、常法にしたがって、所定幅にスリットした鋼帯を電縫鋼管に成形する。造管時の溶接は一般的な高周波誘導抵抗溶接を用いる。
【0035】
電縫鋼管の断面形状は、造管したままの状態の円形断面で使用するのがコスト的にも、熱処理作業の容易性の面でも有利であるが、用途によっては矩形断面を持つ角形鋼管に加工して使用することもできる。
【0036】
得られた電縫鋼管から、所定の強度を得るための熱処理には、順次短時間加熱された部分を水冷却して焼入れを行う高周波焼入れを用いる。高周波焼入れは、熱処理時の形状変形が抑制され、形状特性に優れた電縫鋼管を得ることができるので好適である。
【0037】
高周波焼入れは、 Ac3変態点以上、 950℃以下の温度範囲に加熱し、加熱後は常温まで水冷する。加熱温度が Ac3変態点よりも低く、 Ac1〜 Ac3変態点間の二相域では、その温度域で存在するオーステナイトはマルテンサイトに変態し、硬化するが、フェライトは硬化しないので、焼入れ組織は硬いマルテンサイトと軟らかいフェライトとの混合組織となり、焼入れ本来の目的に添わないばかりか、目的とする強度も得られない。また、加熱温度が 950℃を超えると、加熱時のオーステナイトが粗大化し、焼入れ材の衝撃特性が低下する。また、加熱温度が高くなり過ぎると焼入れ強度も低下する。したがって、焼入れ時の加熱温度は Ac3変態点以上、 950℃以下の温度範囲とする。
【0038】
焼入れ組織は、引張強度が1620N/mm2 以上であれば、どんな組織でもよい。しかし、高周波焼入れでは、焼入れ後の冷却速度の厳密な制御は困難であるため、例えばベイナイト等が多量に混在した組織では得られた電縫鋼管の機械的性質が大きく変動し易くなるので、引張強度が冷却速度に依存しないマルテンサイト組織を主体とすることが、機械的性質を安定させる上で有効となる。このためにも、C 含有量は焼入れ後の組織がマルテンサイト組織になるように、0.20〜0.30%の範囲に限定している。
【0039】
なお、焼入れ処理後に焼もどし処理を行い、機械的性質を調整することができる。ただし、熱処理工程が複雑化するため製造コスト面で若干不利となる。
【0040】
【実施例】
表1に示す化学成分を含有する鋼片を1200℃に加熱し、表2に示す圧延条件で板厚 2.0mmの熱延鋼板に圧延した。これらの熱延鋼板から、常法にしたがって、外径31.8mm、肉厚 2.0mmの電縫鋼管を製造し、この鋼管を全数とも 900±20℃の温度から水冷する高周波焼入れを行った。焼入れ後の電縫鋼管から試験片を採取し、引張り特性、衝撃特性および耐遅れ破壊特性を調査した。その結果を表2に示す。
【0041】
引張り試験にはJIS 11号試験片を用いた。衝撃試験は JIS 4号衝撃試験片に準拠し、鋼管軸方向から切り出し加工した厚さ 2mmのVノッチ試験片を用い、−40℃で繰り返し3回の試験を行った。表2の衝撃特性値は繰り返し3回の平均値である。耐遅れ破壊特性は、焼入れ後の電縫鋼管から長さ 300mmの鋼管状の試験片を切り出し、これを1000mol/m3の塩酸水溶液中に 300時間浸漬し、目視検査で浸漬後の水素脆化割れを観察した。評価は割れの有無で行い、表2には割れ無しを○、割れ有りを×印で示した。
【0042】
【表1】
【0043】
【表2】
【0044】
表2に示すように、本発明例は、化学成分、高周波焼入れ条件とも本発明の限定範囲内であるため、いずれも良好な特性を有している。本発明例に対して、比較例、鋼14は水素のトラップサイトとなるTiの含有量が少なく、鋼15は耐遅れ破壊特性を向上させるCuと前記Tiの含有量が少なく、鋼16〜18は前記Cuの含有量が少なく、鋼19と20は耐遅れ破壊特性を低下させる Sの含有量が多く、かつ前記Cuの含有量が少ないため、耐遅れ破壊特性が悪い。
【0045】
比較例、鋼14は焼入れ強度を確保するために必要なCr、Tiの含有量が少ないため、目標とする引張強度 1620N/mm2以上が得られていない。鋼15はTi含有量が少ないものの、強度確保に有用なCrが添加されているので、目標引張強度は得られているが、耐遅れ破壊特性が劣り、衝撃特性も低い。鋼17は焼入れ性を向上させるMnとB の含有量が少なく、鋼18と19は Cの含有量が少ないため、目標とする引張強度が1620N/mm2 以上が得られていない。また、鋼16は Cの含有量が多いため、引張強度は1620N/mm2 以上であるが、延性(伸び)および衝撃特性が低下している。
【0046】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたところから明らかなように、本発明は引張強度を確保し、かつ耐遅れ破壊特性を向上させる化学成分を有する電縫鋼管を、高周波焼入れしているため、引張強度が1620N/mm2 以上で、かつ耐遅れ破壊特性に優れた自動車用超高強度電縫鋼管を得ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】高周波焼入れ後の鋼中 C含有量と引張強度との関係を示す図である。
【図2】1000mol/m3の塩酸水溶液に浸漬したときの水素脆化割れ発生までの浸漬時間と鋼中Cu含有量との関係を示す図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention belongs to the technical field of quenching type ultra-high strength ERW steel pipe having excellent delayed fracture resistance and tensile strength of 1620 N / mm 2 or more. Specifically, it is lightweight, such as an impact beam for automobile doors and a reinforcing member for bumpers. In addition, it belongs to the technical field of ultra-high-strength ERW steel pipes used for applications requiring strength.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Recently, there has been an increasing demand for improvement in fuel consumption of automobiles from the viewpoint of global environmental conservation. Therefore, in order to reduce the weight of the vehicle body, there is an increasing demand for a high-strength material having high tensile strength for use as a reinforcement member for automobiles such as an impact beam for a door. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-134765 discloses a high strength of hardness Hv ≧ 600 after quenching and quenching after the normalizing treatment in order to homogenize the quenching structure prior to the quenching treatment of the formed steel pipe. Material manufacturing methods have been proposed. Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 1-261718 proposes a method of manufacturing a hardened steel pipe having a tensile strength ≧ 120 kgf / mm 2 (1180 N / mm 2 ).
[0003]
However, when the steel material becomes ultra-high strength, cracking due to hydrogen embrittlement, so-called delayed fracture, occurs, for example, for bolts using ultra-high strength steel having a tensile strength of 980 N / mm 2 or more. This is already well known, as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 60-155644. Therefore, even in various members using ultra-high-strength steel pipes, hydrogen generated by the corrosion reaction in the atmospheric environment may enter the steel material, and there is a risk of suddenly delayed fracture during use.
[0004]
On the other hand, in order to achieve the weight reduction of the above-mentioned reinforcement member, many methods for achieving high strength of the steel pipe have been proposed. For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-9579 proposes a method for producing a steel pipe strength of 120 to 150 kgf / mm 2 (1180 to 1470 N / mm 2 ) grade steel by precipitation strengthening, and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-65541 discloses. Stipulates component adjustment and production conditions, and a method for producing an ultrahigh strength steel pipe having a tensile strength of 150 to 190 kgf / mm 2 (1470 to 1860 N / mm 2 ) has been proposed.
[0005]
On the other hand, in the case of paying attention to delayed fracture, JP-A-5-339678 proposes a tensile strength 130 to 170 kgf / mm 2 (1270 to 1670 N / mm 2 ) class steel pipe in which main components are controlled. It has been introduced that delayed fracture characteristics deteriorate when the tensile strength exceeds 170 kgf / mm 2 (1670 N / mm 2 ). Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-126750 proposes a method of heat-treating a steel pipe having a maximum hardness of Hv550 or less including a welded portion of an ERW steel pipe at a temperature of 600 ° C. or less. The strength is 1180 N / mm class 2 steel pipe, which is lower than the target tensile strength of 1620 N / mm 2 or more. That is, if the strength is increased, the need for weight reduction of the reinforcing member can be achieved, but the delayed fracture characteristics cannot be improved. Further, in order to ensure good delayed fracture characteristics, there is a problem that the obtained tensile strength is lowered.
[0006]
Further, as proposed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-268053, the prevention of delayed fracture characteristics of ultra-high strength thin steel sheet is controlled by adding Si into the steel and controlling hydrogen intrusion into the steel sheet. Therefore, there is a method for preventing the occurrence of hydrogen embrittlement that causes delayed fracture. However, the cause of delayed fracture is not necessarily limited to hydrogen intrusion, and stress concentration due to formation of corrosion pits is also a major factor. Therefore, it is difficult to sufficiently prevent the occurrence of delayed fracture only by adding Si.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Steel materials used for reinforcement members such as impact beams for automobile doors are not only required to have a predetermined tensile strength, but also have excellent toughness to withstand impacts etc. It is also necessary to have excellent delayed fracture resistance.
[0008]
The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems, and is a hardened ultra-high strength electric-welded steel pipe having a tensile strength of 1620 N / mm 2 or more and an ultra-high-strength electric vehicle for automobiles having excellent delayed fracture resistance. An object is to provide a sewn steel pipe.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The gist is mass%, C: 0.20 to 0.30%, Si: 0.05 to 0.50%, Mn: 0.80 to 2.0%, P: 0.020% or less, S : 0.020% or less, Al: 0.01 to 0.10%, Cu: 0.05 to 1.0%, Cr: 0.05 to 1.0%, Ti: 0.01 to 0.10% , B: An ultra high strength electric resistance steel pipe for automobiles having excellent delayed fracture resistance, including 0.0005 to 0.0050%, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities and having a tensile strength of 1620 N / mm 2 or more. .
[0010]
Further, by mass%, Nb: 0.01 to 0.10%, V: 0.01 to 0.10%, Zr: 0.01 to 0.10%, Mo: 0.05 to 1.0%, Ni : Ultra-high-strength electric-welded steel pipe for automobiles having excellent delayed fracture resistance, including one or more selected from 0.05 to 2.0%.
[0011]
An electric resistance welded steel pipe made from a hot-rolled steel sheet having the above chemical components is heated to a temperature not lower than the Ac 3 transformation point and not higher than 950 ° C., and then subjected to induction quenching with water, and a tensile strength of 1620 N / mm 2 or higher. This is a method of manufacturing an ultra-high-strength ERW steel pipe for automobiles having excellent delayed fracture characteristics.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present inventors have made various studies on the components of the steel material in order to satisfy the three factors of tensile strength, toughness, and delayed fracture resistance. As a result, the present inventors have found an ultra-high strength hardened steel pipe suitable for use as a reinforcing member such as an impact beam for automobile doors. That is, the strength and toughness level of the hardened steel pipe was improved, delayed fracture resistance was combined, and the component composition in the steel was limited in consideration of hardenability corresponding to induction hardening. And, by adopting simple induction hardening, it was found that ultra-high strength steel pipes with the strength, toughness, and delayed fracture resistance required for reinforcing members such as impact beams can be manufactured with high productivity. Is.
[0013]
Phenomenon of delayed fracture of high-strength steel is that diffusible hydrogen that has penetrated into the steel is concentrated locally at a certain location according to the tensile stress gradient, and the steel causes hydrogen embrittlement cracking at that location. It is considered to be. Although hydrogen embrittlement cracking has been proposed by various mechanisms such as surface pressure theory and hypothesis of cohesion between iron atoms, it has not yet been clearly clarified, but it is easy to absorb and diffuse hydrogen. It is understood that the three factors of the steel and the steel's own hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility are interrelated phenomena.
[0014]
Therefore, as countermeasures against hydrogen embrittlement, the steel side will (1) block the hydrogen intrusion path, (2) suppress the diffusion of hydrogen in the steel and the concentration on the tensile stress part, (3) Three measures are considered to be effective: reducing the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of the steel itself. Conventionally, there are many countermeasures against hydrogen embrittlement by (2) and (3), but the present invention also focuses on the countermeasure of (1).
[0015]
That is, the hydrogen storage of steel in a normal use environment is due to the fact that the hydrogen generated by the cathode reaction when the steel corrodes does not gasify but penetrates into the steel. By improving and preventing hydrogen storage, the measure (1) can be implemented. Further, as another aspect of improving the corrosion resistance, the present invention suppresses non-uniform corrosion, thereby avoiding stress concentration on the surface of the steel material, which can be taken as the countermeasure of the above (2). On the other hand, the reduction in the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of the steel (3) can be dealt with by reducing the content of grain boundary segregation elements or by making the crystal grains finer.
[0016]
In the present invention, as a result of intensive studies on additive elements for improving the strength, toughness, and delayed fracture resistance of ultra-high strength electric resistance welded steel pipes as described above, by using predetermined elements as described below, tensile strength is improved. The present inventors have succeeded in obtaining an ultra-high-strength electric resistance welded steel pipe excellent in toughness and delayed fracture resistance while having a strength of 1620 N / mm 2 or more.
[0017]
Below, the reason for limitation of the chemical component of the ultra high strength electric resistance welded steel pipe of this invention is demonstrated.
[0018]
C: The present invention aims to strengthen by quenching martensite, and the strength of martensite in the quenched state is determined by the C content in the steel. Therefore, C 2 is an essential element for generating a low-temperature transformation structure such as martensite in the steel pipe and increasing the strength of the steel pipe. In particular, in order to obtain a strength of 1620 N / mm 2 or more as in the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, a content of at least 0.20% or more is required. However, if the content exceeds 0.30%, the strength increases, but the ductility and toughness decrease. As a result, it breaks brittlely when an impact load is applied, and exhibits undesirable properties as an impact beam. In addition, deterioration of hydrogen embrittlement resistance may be promoted due to deterioration of corrosion resistance or the like, so the C content is made 0.30% as an upper limit.
[0019]
Si: Si is an element used as a deoxidizer for steel, and is also useful for enhancing hardenability. It does not deteriorate ductility, and strengthens the solid solution and densifies the generated rust. It is an effective element for suppressing hydrogen intrusion due to corrosion. Moreover, when manufacturing a steel pipe by electro-resistance welding, it is also an element very effective in maintaining the soundness of a welded part. In order to obtain such an effect, a content of 0.05% or more is necessary. The upper limit of the content is set to 0.50% in order to suppress the formation of an oxide called a penetrator that occurs during welding of an ERW steel pipe.
[0020]
Mn: Mn lowers the martensitic transformation temperature of steel, improves hardenability, avoids insufficient quenching strength due to self-tempering after transformation during the quenching process, and stably obtains high strength It is a very effective element. In order to exhibit such an effect, a content of 0.80% or more is necessary. However, adding over 2.0% not only saturates the effect, but also increases segregation and makes the structure non-uniform, so the upper limit of the content is 2.0%.
[0021]
P: P is an element effective for strengthening steel and increasing ductility, but on the other hand, it is easily segregated at the grain boundary, lowering the grain boundary strength and lowering the toughness, so the content is 0.020%. The following.
[0022]
S: S 2 forms a non-metallic inclusion with Mn and the like, and serves as a starting point for corrosion occurrence, lowering delayed fracture resistance and causing defects such as deterioration of toughness and soundness of welds. Is 0.020% or less.
[0023]
Al: Al is an element useful as a deoxidizer for molten steel. In order to obtain this effect, a content of 0.01% is necessary. However, if the content exceeds 0.10%, the cleanliness of the steel is impaired and surface flaws are likely to occur, so 0.10% is made the upper limit of the content.
[0024]
Cu: Cu is an extremely useful element in the present invention for densifying the generated rust to remarkably reduce the corrosion rate of steel in the atmospheric environment and improve delayed fracture resistance. Further, since Cu is an electrochemically noble element than iron, it synergistically improves the corrosion resistance of steel. In order to effectively obtain these effects, a content of at least 0.05% is required as shown in FIG. However, on the other hand, Cu may cause embrittlement during hot rolling, so the upper limit of the content is 1.0%. Moreover, in order to suppress embrittlement at the time of hot rolling, it is preferable to add together with an equivalent amount of Ni.
[0025]
Cr: Cr is an element effective for improving the hardenability of steel, and a content of 0.05% or more is necessary. However, if the content exceeds 1.0%, a penetrator tends to be generated during welding of the ERW steel pipe, and this causes a reduction in toughness as a high-strength steel pipe, so 1.0% is made the upper limit of the content.
[0026]
Ti: Ti has the effect of refining crystal grains and suppressing grain growth by forming fine carbides. Furthermore, it acts as a trapping site for diffusible hydrogen, lowers the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of the steel material, and further improves the corrosion resistance with the effect of densifying the generated rust. Further, in steel to which B 2 is added, B effectively acts due to the denitrification effect of Ti, and a predetermined hardenability is ensured. In order to obtain these effects, a content of at least 0.01% is necessary. However, if added excessively, the carbides become coarse and deteriorate toughness, so 0.10% is made the upper limit of the content.
[0027]
B: Hardenability of the steel is greatly improved by adding B 2. It is also a useful element that is effective in improving the toughness of the quenched structure. In order to obtain this effect, a content of at least 0.0005% is necessary. However, if added over 0.0050%, a composite carbonized boride represented by M 23 (C, B) 6 is formed in the steel, conversely, the hardenability is lowered and the predetermined strength cannot be obtained. Therefore, 0.0050% is made the upper limit of the content.
[0028]
In addition to the above, the ultra-high-strength ERW steel pipe of the present invention can contain one or more selected from the following chemical components.
[0029]
Nb, V 2, Zr: All of these elements form a stable carbonitride similar to Ti, exhibit effective effects such as suppressing the coarsening of crystal grains during quenching and preventing toughness deterioration. . In order to obtain such an action, a content of 0.01% or more is required. In the induction hardening in which the steel material is heated in a short time when the content exceeds 0.10%, the C concentration of the matrix decreases due to insufficient solid solution of carbides. As a result, the required strength cannot be obtained. Therefore, the upper limit of each content is 0.10%.
[0030]
Mo: Mo is an element effective in improving the hardenability of steel, and by adding Mo, delayed fracture resistance is deteriorated, and higher strength steel can be obtained without increasing the amount of C. . Moreover, if the steel of the same strength is obtained by addition of Mo, the amount of C can be reduced, and thereby the delayed fracture resistance can be improved. In order to obtain such an effect, a content of at least 0.05% is necessary. However, if added excessively, the ductility is lowered and the manufacturing cost is increased because of the expensive element. Therefore, the upper limit of the Mo content is 1.0%.
[0031]
Ni: Ni is an element that is very effective in improving the hardenability of steel and at the same time increasing the bond energy between iron atoms, thereby increasing the strength while suppressing deterioration of toughness. Moreover, it has the effect of improving the corrosion resistance of steel by densification of generated rust. In order to obtain these effects, a content of at least 0.05% or more is required, and a content of 0.10% or more is more desirable. However, even if it adds excessively, not only the characteristic improvement effect will become slow, but it will also raise the cost of steel materials. Therefore, the upper limit of the Ni content is 2.0%.
[0032]
Next, a manufacturing method will be described. According to the present invention, first, a steel slab (slab) having the above-described chemical components is hot-rolled according to a conventional method under conditions of a heating temperature of 1100 ° C. or higher and a winding temperature of 650 ° C. or lower. In the slab heating, since the rolling load at the time of hot rolling tends to be high in the high strength steel as in the present invention, it is preferable to prevent the rolling temperature from becoming too low. Is 1100 ° C. or higher. In this case, the heating method is not particularly limited, such as direct rolling in which the continuously cast steel slab is rolled as it is, light heating, or a method in which the steel slab is once cooled and then reheated. However, if the heating temperature exceeds 1300 ° C., it simply consumes heat energy and has no particular advantage.
[0033]
The hot rolling of the steel slab may be performed by a conventional method, and the finish rolling may be performed in an austenite single phase region having an Ar 3 transformation point or higher. The winding is desirably performed at a temperature of 650 ° C. or less in consideration of the scale removability on the surface of the rolled steel sheet. However, if the coiling temperature is too low, low temperature transformation structures such as bainite and martensite are mixed, and the strength becomes high and it is difficult to form a pipe. Therefore, the lower limit temperature is set to 450 ° C. or higher. Hot-rolled steel sheet manufactured under such conditions has become 390N / mm 2 ~690N / mm 2 about the intensity level of ordinary ERW pipe, it can pipemaking in a conventional hot-rolled steel sheet and a state equivalent is there.
[0034]
Steel obtained by removing the scale of the surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet (steel strip) thus obtained by means of pickling, grinding, shot blasting, etc. according to a conventional method, and then slit to a predetermined width according to a conventional method The belt is formed into an electric resistance steel pipe. General high-frequency induction resistance welding is used for welding during pipe making.
[0035]
The cross-sectional shape of ERW steel pipes is advantageous in terms of cost and ease of heat treatment work, but it is advantageous to use a circular cross-section as it is, but depending on the application, a square steel pipe with a rectangular cross section can be used. It can also be used after processing.
[0036]
In the heat treatment for obtaining a predetermined strength from the obtained electric resistance welded steel pipe, induction quenching is used in which the portions heated successively for a short time are cooled with water and quenched. Induction hardening is suitable because shape deformation during heat treatment is suppressed, and an electric resistance welded steel pipe having excellent shape characteristics can be obtained.
[0037]
In the induction hardening, heating is performed in a temperature range of Ac 3 transformation point or higher and 950 ° C. or lower, and then water cooling is performed to room temperature. The heating temperature is lower than the Ac 3 transformation point, the two-phase region between Ac 1 ~ Ac 3 transformation point, the austenite present in the temperature region is transformed into martensite, cures, since ferrite is not cured, hardened The structure is a mixed structure of hard martensite and soft ferrite, and not only does not meet the original purpose of quenching but also does not provide the intended strength. Moreover, when heating temperature exceeds 950 degreeC, the austenite at the time of a heating will coarsen and the impact characteristic of a hardening material will fall. In addition, if the heating temperature becomes too high, the quenching strength also decreases. Therefore, the heating temperature at the time of quenching is set to a temperature range of Ac 3 transformation point or higher and 950 ° C. or lower.
[0038]
The quenched structure may be any structure as long as the tensile strength is 1620 N / mm 2 or more. However, in induction hardening, since it is difficult to strictly control the cooling rate after quenching, the mechanical properties of the obtained ERW steel pipe are likely to fluctuate greatly in a structure containing a large amount of bainite, for example. It is effective to stabilize the mechanical properties to have a martensite structure whose strength does not depend on the cooling rate. For this reason as well, the C content is limited to a range of 0.20 to 0.30% so that the structure after quenching becomes a martensite structure.
[0039]
In addition, a tempering process can be performed after a quenching process and a mechanical property can be adjusted. However, since the heat treatment process is complicated, the manufacturing cost is slightly disadvantageous.
[0040]
【Example】
A steel slab containing chemical components shown in Table 1 was heated to 1200 ° C. and rolled into a hot-rolled steel plate having a thickness of 2.0 mm under the rolling conditions shown in Table 2. From these hot-rolled steel sheets, ESR steel pipes with an outer diameter of 31.8 mm and a wall thickness of 2.0 mm were produced according to a conventional method, and all the steel pipes were induction-quenched by water cooling from a temperature of 900 ± 20 ° C. . Test specimens were taken from the ERW steel pipe after quenching and investigated for tensile properties, impact properties and delayed fracture resistance. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0041]
A JIS No. 11 test piece was used for the tensile test. The impact test was based on a JIS No. 4 impact test piece, and a test was repeated 3 times at −40 ° C. using a 2 mm thick V-notch test piece cut out from the steel pipe axial direction. The impact characteristic values in Table 2 are average values of three repetitions. For delayed fracture resistance, a 300 mm long steel tubular test piece was cut out from an ERW steel pipe after quenching, immersed in a 1000 mol / m 3 hydrochloric acid aqueous solution for 300 hours, and hydrogen embrittlement after immersion by visual inspection. Cracks were observed. Evaluation was made based on the presence or absence of cracks, and in Table 2, no cracks were indicated by ○ and cracks were indicated by × marks.
[0042]
[Table 1]
[0043]
[Table 2]
[0044]
As shown in Table 2, since both the chemical components and the induction hardening conditions are within the limited range of the present invention, the examples of the present invention have good characteristics. In contrast to the present invention example, the comparative example, steel 14 has a small content of Ti which becomes a trapping site for hydrogen, and steel 15 has a small content of Cu and Ti to improve delayed fracture resistance, and steels 16 to 18 Has a low Cu content, and steels 19 and 20 have a low delayed fracture resistance. Since the S content is high and the Cu content is low, the delayed fracture resistance is poor.
[0045]
Since the comparative example, steel 14 has a small content of Cr and Ti necessary for ensuring the quenching strength, the target tensile strength of 1620 N / mm 2 or more is not obtained. Although the steel 15 has a small Ti content, Cr useful for securing the strength is added, so that the target tensile strength is obtained, but the delayed fracture resistance is inferior and the impact characteristics are also low. Steel 17 has a low content of Mn and B 2 for improving hardenability, and Steels 18 and 19 have a low content of C. Therefore, the target tensile strength of 1620 N / mm 2 or more is not obtained. Steel 16 has a high C content, so the tensile strength is 1620 N / mm 2 or more, but the ductility (elongation) and impact properties are reduced.
[0046]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the above description, the present invention is obtained by induction-hardening an ERW steel pipe having a chemical component that secures tensile strength and improves delayed fracture resistance, so that the tensile strength is 1620 N / mm 2. With the above, an ultra-high strength electric resistance welded steel pipe for automobiles excellent in delayed fracture resistance can be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between C content in steel after induction hardening and tensile strength.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the immersion time until hydrogen embrittlement cracking and the Cu content in steel when immersed in a 1000 mol / m 3 hydrochloric acid aqueous solution.
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| JP34629499A JP3545980B2 (en) | 1999-12-06 | 1999-12-06 | Ultra high strength electric resistance welded steel pipe with excellent delayed fracture resistance and manufacturing method thereof |
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| JP34629499A JP3545980B2 (en) | 1999-12-06 | 1999-12-06 | Ultra high strength electric resistance welded steel pipe with excellent delayed fracture resistance and manufacturing method thereof |
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