JP3545998B2 - Armature of rotating electric machine and winding method of armature - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an armature used for a rotating electric machine such as a motor, and more particularly to a winding method of the armature.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In a rotating electric machine such as a motor or a generator, an armature (armature) is formed by winding a wire such as a copper wire around a core slot of an armature core. In this case, the wire is wound several times from one segment of the commutator to the same part between the core slots and connected to the next segment. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, from the eighth segment, wound n times around between the core slots between the core slots and 6,8 number between core teeth 2, the third (n ^t), then 9 The wire is wound back to the numbered segment.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in a motor mounted on an automobile or the like, there are cases where the current value at the time of locking is limited due to the relationship between the current capacity and the like. On the other hand, the motor is also required to increase the number of rotations and torque. In this case, if the number of turns of the wire is reduced, the number of rotations is increased, but the resistance value is reduced by the reduced wire length, and the lock current is increased. When the wire diameter is increased, the torque increases, but the resistance value decreases due to the increase in the wire diameter, and the lock current increases. That is, the increase in the number of revolutions and the torque and the limitation of the lock current value have a trade-off relationship. For this reason, when the current requirement at the time of motor lock is imposed, there is a problem that the number of turns and the wire diameter cannot be appropriately changed according to the required characteristics, and the output characteristics of the motor are restricted.
[0004]
An object of the present invention is to provide an armature of a rotating electric machine and an armature winding method capable of changing a motor output characteristic while suppressing an increase in a lock current.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
An armature of a rotating electrical machine according to the present invention is an armature of a rotating electrical machine formed by winding a wire around an armature core having a plurality of core slots, the wire being wound between the different core slots. The main winding, the main winding is different from at least one of the core slots around which the wire is wound, and has a sub winding with a smaller number of turns of the wire than the main winding, When a coil for one phase is formed by the main winding and the sub winding, and the coil surface of the main winding is located at a position facing a magnetic pole provided outside the armature core, the sub winding is formed. The sub winding is formed such that the coil surface of the wire is at a position not affected by the magnetic field due to the magnetic pole.
[0006]
According to the present invention, since the auxiliary winding is formed on the armature in addition to the main winding, the winding length can be increased accordingly, and the internal resistance of the armature can be increased. Accordingly, it is possible to change the wire diameter and the number of turns while securing a predetermined resistance value, and it is possible to increase the number of revolutions and the torque while suppressing an increase in the lock current value.
[0007]
Note that the main winding and the sub winding need only be formed so that at least one of the core slots in which they are formed is different, so that one of the core slots of both windings is common. Alternatively, the main winding and the sub winding may be individually formed in completely different slots.
[0008]
In the armature, when the main winding is located at a position facing a magnetic pole disposed outside the armature core, the sub winding is formed at a position not affected by a magnetic field generated by the magnetic pole. You may do it. As a result, the winding length can be increased without impairing the characteristics of the rotating electric machine by the main winding, and it is possible to increase the internal resistance while minimizing the influence of the formation of the sub winding.
[0009]
Further, the sub-winding may be formed between the core slots located between the magnetic poles when the main winding is located at a position facing a magnetic pole disposed outside the armature core. .
[0010]
Further, when the main winding is located at a position facing a magnetic pole disposed outside the armature core, the sub winding is formed such that a coil surface thereof faces an intermediate position between the magnetic poles. Is also good. In this case, it is sufficient that the coil surface of the sub winding is oriented between the magnetic poles, and the intermediate position of the magnetic pole does not necessarily have to be in a direction perpendicular to the wire winding direction.
[0011]
In addition, when the main winding is located at a position facing a magnetic pole disposed outside the armature core, the intersection angle between the coil surface of the sub winding and the magnetic field generated by the magnetic pole is different from that of the main winding. The sub winding may be formed so as to have an angle smaller than an intersection angle between the coil surface and the magnetic field.
[0012]
By forming the sub-winding in such a form, the sub-winding can be formed at a position that is hardly affected by the magnetic field and has little influence on the operation of the rotating electric machine. Accordingly, it is possible to increase the winding length without impairing the characteristics of the rotating electric machine by the main winding, and it is possible to increase the internal resistance while minimizing the influence of the formation of the sub winding.
[0013]
On the other hand, an armature winding method of the present invention is an armature winding method in which a wire is wound around an armature core having a plurality of core slots, wherein the wire is wound between different core slots. After forming the first winding by forming the first winding and then forming the first winding, at least one of the core slot around which the wire is wound is different from the first winding, number of turns of the wire than the first winding is rather large, and to form a second winding forming the coil of the one phase by that of the first winding, the coil plane of the second winding The first winding is positioned so that the coil surface of the first winding is at a position not affected by the magnetic field generated by the magnetic pole when the magnetic pole is located at a position facing the magnetic pole disposed outside the armature core. It is characterized by forming.
[0014]
As a result, the first winding and the second winding having a larger number of windings can be formed separately on the armature, so that the winding length can be increased accordingly, and the internal resistance of the armature can be increased. Can be increased. Accordingly, it is possible to change the wire diameter and the number of turns while securing a predetermined resistance value, and it is possible to increase the number of revolutions and the torque while suppressing an increase in the lock current value.
[0015]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a motor (rotary electric machine) using an armature (armature) according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the motor according to the embodiment, the armature 1 includes the armature shaft 2, the armature core 3 fixed thereto, and the commutator 4 provided on the armature shaft 2 so as to be axially separated from the armature core 3. It has become. A wire 6 is wound around the core slot 5 of the armature core 3, whereby an armature coil 7 is formed.
[0016]
Outside the armature 1, a magnet 8 is provided as a field device. The magnet 8 is attached to a housing 9 also serving as a yoke. In this embodiment, two magnets 8 are provided at the top and bottom in FIG. 1, and the motor in FIG. 1 is a two-pole motor.
[0017]
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an AA cross section in FIG. Note that only one phase of the wire 6 is shown. The armature core 3 has a cylindrical shape as a whole, and has ten core slots 5 extending radially and opening radially outward. Each core slot 5 is formed to extend in the axial direction, and penetrates between both end faces of the armature core 3. Between the core slots 5 adjacent to each other, tooth portions, that is, core teeth 10 are formed. A flange portion protruding from both sides in the circumferential direction is provided at a radially distal end portion of the core teeth 10, and each of the core teeth 10 has a T-shaped cross section. The core slot 5 and the core teeth 10 are slightly circumferentially inclined from one end to the other end, as shown in the lower half of FIG.
[0018]
As shown in FIG. 1, the commutator 4 includes ten segments 11 corresponding to the number of core slots 5. Each segment 11 is formed with an engagement claw 12 for connecting each end of the wire 6.
[0019]
Here, in the armature 1 according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, the armature coil 7 includes a main winding (second winding) 7a and a sub winding of a minority winding having a smaller number of turns than the main winding 7a. (First winding) 7b. FIG. 3 is a developed view showing a connection state of the armature coil 7. As shown in FIG. 3, the wire 6 that has emitted a certain segment 11 first forms the sub winding 7b, then forms the main winding 7a, and returns to the adjacent segment 11.
[0020]
For example, the wire 6 that has emitted the seventh segment 11 first has a core slot 5a between the second and third core teeth 10 (hereinafter abbreviated as “slot 5n between the x and y th teeth”) and 8 , a time (a ^t) wound secondary winding 7b is formed between the slot 5b between No. 9 tooth. Thereafter, a slot 5c between fourth and fifth teeth, to form an n-times ^{(n t)} wound primary winding 7a between the slots 5d between 1,10 th tooth. After the main winding 7a is formed, the process returns to the sixth segment 11, and the armature coil 7 for one phase is formed.
[0021]
In this case, the number of turns of the wire 6 is set to be smaller in the sub winding 7b than in the main winding 7a. When the coil surface 13 of the main winding 7a is at a position facing the magnet 8, the sub winding 7b is formed at a position that is not easily affected by the magnetic field E formed by the magnet 8. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, when the magnet 8 is at a position (opposing position) perpendicular to the wire winding direction of the main winding 7 a, the coil surface 14 of the sub winding 7 b is located at an intermediate position between the magnets 8. It is formed so as to face the formed gap S.
[0022]
Considering the influence from the magnetic field E, in the two-pole motor as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the coil surface 14 of the sub winding 7b is positioned such that the winding direction of the wire is substantially parallel to the direction of the magnetic field E. That is, ideally, the sub winding 7b is wound at a position shifted by 90 degrees from the main winding 7a. At this time, the intersection angle θb between the coil surface 14 of the sub winding 7b and the magnetic field E is smaller than the intersection angle θa between the main winding 7a and the magnetic field E. In this embodiment, since the wire 6 is wound around the armature core 3 having 10 slots with three slots, the auxiliary winding 7b cannot be formed exactly at 90 degrees, so that the main winding 7a The sub winding 7b is formed at a slot position in the direction (positive direction) that does not cancel out the output characteristics of FIG.
[0023]
As described above, in the armature 1, the auxiliary winding 7 b is formed in addition to the main winding 7 a, so that the winding length can be increased accordingly, and the internal resistance of the armature coil 7 can be increased. Therefore, a predetermined resistance value can be ensured even if the wire diameter or the number of turns is changed, and it is possible to increase the number of revolutions and the torque while suppressing an increase in the lock current value.
[0024]
Also, apart from the main winding 7a that contributes to the operation of the rotating electric machine, the sub winding 7b is formed at a position that is hardly affected by the magnetic field and has little influence on the operation of the rotating electric machine. The winding length can be increased without impairing the characteristics. That is, it is possible to increase the internal resistance while minimizing the influence on the motor output characteristics due to the formation of the sub winding.
[0025]
Therefore, the number of turns of the main winding 7a can be reduced without changing the winding length, and the number of rotations can be increased while suppressing an increase in lock current. In addition, even if the wire diameter is increased without changing the number of turns of the main winding, the winding length can be increased by the amount of the sub-winding, so internal resistance can be secured and locking can be performed while suppressing an increase in lock current. It is possible to increase the torque. Therefore, even when the current requirement at the time of motor lock is imposed, the number of turns and the wire diameter can be appropriately changed according to the required characteristics, and a desired motor output characteristic can be obtained.
[0026]
Next, the results of experiments conducted by the inventors on a motor using an armature having such a sub winding will be described. FIG. 4 is a table showing the experimental results.
[0027]
First, with respect to an armature obtained by winding a wire having a wire diameter of 0.47 mm 14 times (hereinafter abbreviated as 14 turns), the no-load rotation speed, the rated rotation speed, the lock torque, and the lock current were measured. This corresponds to the conventional motor shown in FIG.
[0028]
Next, as Comparative Example 2, measurement was performed by forming an armature having 13 turns of the main winding and 1 turn of the sub winding while keeping the wire diameter. In this case, while the no-load rotation speed and the rated rotation speed have increased from 103 to 108 rpm and from 60 to 64 rpm, respectively, the increase in the lock current can be suppressed to 0.4 A (18.7 to 19.1 A). Was. The lock current value when the turn is simply reduced by one turn without forming the sub winding is 19.7 A (Comparative Example 1), and the formation of the sub winding suppresses the increase in the current value by 0.6 A. I was able to.
[0029]
On the other hand, in Comparative Example 3, the number of turns of the main winding was unchanged (14 turns), the wire diameter was increased to 0.5 mm, and the sub winding was formed one turn. In this case, while the lock torque is increased from 892 N · cm (91 kgf · cm) → 961 N · cm (98 kgf · cm), the increase in the lock current is suppressed to 0.7 A (18.7 → 19.4 A). Was completed. Note that the lock current value is 20.5 A when the wire diameter is simply set to 0.5 mm without forming the sub-winding and the number of turns of the main winding is unchanged. The rise of the current value was able to be suppressed. The rated speed was increased from 60 rpm to 66 rpm without substantially changing the no-load speed.
[0030]
As described above, the invention made by the inventor has been specifically described based on the embodiment. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the invention. Needless to say.
[0031]
For example, in the above-described embodiment, a two-pole motor has been described as an example, but the number of magnetic poles is not limited to two, and the present invention is also applicable to a four-pole or six-pole motor. Also in this case, when the main winding 7a is opposed to a certain magnetic pole, the sub-winding 7b is formed at a portion facing the neutral position of the magnetic field, such as a gap between the magnetic poles. That is, in the case of a four-pole motor, the auxiliary winding 7b may be formed at a position approximately 45 degrees from the main winding 7a, and in the case of a six-pole motor, the sub windings 7b may be formed at approximately 30 degrees.
[0032]
Further, the above-mentioned experimental example is merely an example, and it goes without saying that the wire diameter and the number of turns of the wire are not limited to those described above. The number of turns of the sub winding is not limited to one, and the number of turns is not limited as long as the number of turns is smaller than that of the main winding. However, in consideration of the influence on the motor characteristics, about 1 to 3 turns is preferable. Either the main winding 7a or the sub winding 7b may be formed first.
[0033]
In addition, in the above-described embodiment, an example is shown in which the main winding 7a and the sub winding 7b are formed in completely different core slots 5, but the same core slot 5 is shared to form both windings 7a and 7b. You may.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, the main winding and the auxiliary winding having a smaller number of turns are formed on the armature, so that the winding length can be made longer than in the case where only the main winding is used. Internal resistance can be increased. Accordingly, it is possible to change the wire diameter and the number of turns while securing a predetermined resistance value, and it is possible to increase the number of revolutions and the torque while suppressing an increase in the lock current value. Therefore, the specifications of the motor can be set with less restrictions than in the past, and the degree of freedom in designing the motor output characteristics is expanded even when the lock current value is limited.
[0035]
Further, the sub-winding may be formed and formed at a position that is not affected by a magnetic field due to the magnetic pole when the main winding is at a position facing the magnetic pole. As a result, the winding length can be increased without impairing the characteristics of the rotating electric machine by the main winding, and it is possible to increase the internal resistance while minimizing the influence of the formation of the sub winding.
[0036]
Furthermore, it is formed between the core slots located between the magnetic poles, is formed so as to face the intermediate position between the magnetic poles, and is disposed at a position where the crossing angle of the magnetic pole with the magnetic field is smaller than that of the main winding. As a result, the sub-winding can be formed at a position that is hardly affected by the magnetic field and has little effect on the operation of the rotating electric machine. Therefore, it is possible to increase the winding length without impairing the characteristics of the rotating electric machine by the main winding, and it is possible to increase the internal resistance while minimizing the influence of the formation of the sub winding.
[0037]
Furthermore, according to the armature winding method of the present invention, after forming the first winding, the second winding having a larger number of turns than the first winding is formed. The first winding is formed separately from the second winding having a large number of windings, so that the winding length can be made longer and the internal resistance of the armature can be increased. Therefore, it is possible to change the wire diameter and the number of turns while securing a predetermined resistance value, and it is possible to increase the number of revolutions and the torque while suppressing an increase in the lock current value.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a motor using an armature according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an AA cross section in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a developed view showing a connection state of an armature coil.
FIG. 4 is a table showing the results of experiments performed by the inventors on a motor using an armature having a sub winding.
FIG. 5 is a development view showing a connection state of a conventional motor.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Armature 2 Armature shaft 3 Armature core 4 Commutator 5 Core slots 5 a to 5 d Core slot 6 Wire 7 Armature coil 7 a Main winding (second winding)
7b auxiliary winding (first winding)
Reference Signs List 8 magnet 9 housing 10 core teeth 11 segment 12 engaging claw 13 coil surface 14 coil surface E magnetic field S gap θa, θb intersection angle

Claims (5)

An armature of a rotating electric machine formed by winding a wire around an armature core having a plurality of core slots,
A main winding formed by winding the wire between different core slots,
The main winding is different from at least one of the core slots around which the wire is wound, and has a sub winding having a smaller number of turns of the wire than the main winding,
A coil for one phase is formed by the main winding and the sub winding,
When the coil surface of the main winding is located at a position facing a magnetic pole disposed outside the armature core, the coil surface of the sub winding is positioned so as not to be affected by a magnetic field generated by the magnetic pole. An armature for a rotating electric machine, wherein the armature forms a sub winding. 2. The armature of the rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein when the main winding is located at a position facing a magnetic pole disposed outside the armature core, the sub winding is disposed between the core slots located between the magnetic poles. 3. An armature for a rotating electric machine, wherein the armature forms a wire. 2. The armature of the rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein, when the main winding is located at a position facing a magnetic pole disposed outside the armature core, a coil surface of the sub winding is located at an intermediate position between the magnetic poles. 3. An armature for a rotating electric machine, wherein the sub winding is formed so as to face the armature. 2. The armature of a rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein, when the main winding is located at a position facing a magnetic pole disposed outside the armature core, a coil surface of the sub winding and a magnetic field generated by the magnetic pole. An armature for a rotating electric machine, wherein an intersection angle is smaller than an intersection angle between a coil surface of the main winding and the magnetic field. An armature winding method comprising winding a wire around an armature core having a plurality of core slots,
Winding the wire between the different core slots to form a first winding;
After forming the first winding, the first winding is different from at least one of the core slots around which the wire is wound, and the number of turns of the wire is greater than that of the first winding. Many, and forms a second winding forming one phase of the coil by said first winding,
When the coil surface of the second winding is at a position facing a magnetic pole disposed outside the armature core, the coil surface of the first winding is at a position not affected by the magnetic field due to the magnetic pole. winding method of the armature and forming the first winding so.

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