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JP3546609B2 - Water-absorbing composite and method for producing the same - Google Patents
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JP3546609B2 - Water-absorbing composite and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Water-absorbing composite and method for producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3546609B2
JP3546609B2 JP26838696A JP26838696A JP3546609B2 JP 3546609 B2 JP3546609 B2 JP 3546609B2 JP 26838696 A JP26838696 A JP 26838696A JP 26838696 A JP26838696 A JP 26838696A JP 3546609 B2 JP3546609 B2 JP 3546609B2
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water
absorbing
monomer
aqueous solution
base material
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JPH10113556A (en
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正行 山下
裕義 土屋
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Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
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Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
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  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、吸水性複合体及び吸水性複合体の製造方法に関する。詳しくは、繊維質基材上に粒径が特定の範囲にある吸水性ポリマー粒子が坦持されてなる吸水性複合体及び該繊維質基材に特定の手段で重合性モノマー水溶液の微滴を施し、重合させることを特徴とするその製造方法に関する。
本発明の吸水性複合体は、吸水倍率、吸水速度が高く、繊維質基材が持つ風合いが吸水性ポリマー付着後も損なわれず、吸水性ポリマーが繊維質基材に強固に固定されているので、各種の吸水性材料の製造に有利に使用することができる。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、紙、パルプ、不織布、スポンジ状ウレタン樹脂等は、保水剤として生理用ナプキン、紙オムツ等を始めとする各種の衛生材料及び各種の農業用材料等として使用されてきた。しかし、これらの材料はその吸水量が自重の10〜50倍程度に過ぎないので、多量の水を吸水又は保持させるためには多量の材料が必要であって、著しく嵩高になるばかりでなく、又、吸水した材料を加圧すると簡単に水分を放出する等の欠点があった。
【0003】
この種の吸水材料の上記欠点を改善するものとして、近年、高吸水性の種々の高分子材料が提案されている。例えば、澱粉のグラフト重合体(特公昭53−46199号公報等)、セルロース変性体(特開昭50−80376号公報等)、水溶性高分子の架橋物(特公昭43−23462号公報等)、自己架橋型アクリル酸アルカリ金属塩ポリマー(特公昭54−30710号公報等)が提案されている。
これらの吸水性ポリマーは一般的に粉末状のものであり、生理用ナプキンや紙オムツ等の衛材用に使用する場合には、該吸水性ポリマー粒子を不織布・紙・綿等の基材とサンドイッチしたりパルプ等と混合してエンボス加工する等して基材中に分散・複合化して、柔軟性・通液性・通気性・吸水速度等を付与している。
【0004】
しかしながら、これらの予め別系で製造された吸水性ポリマー粒子と基材とを複合化する方法では、基材上に吸水性ポリマー粒子を安定に固着することは困難であり、吸水性ポリマー粒子の複合体中での移動や基材からの脱落を防止することはできなかった。従って、従来の吸水性複合体を例えば紙オムツに用いる場合には、吸尿後のゴワゴワ感や尿の漏れ等を引き起こし易かった。
また、このように予め別系で吸水性ポリマー粒子を製造する場合には、製造中に粒子同士の凝集が起こり易いため、結果的に得られる吸水性ポリマー粒子は平均粒径が大きく、従って、表面積が小さくなるため吸水速度が小さいという欠点があった。
【0005】
粉末状の吸水性ポリマーを用いたことに基づくこれらの欠点を改良すべく、例えば吸水性ポリマー自体をシート状、フィルム状、繊維状に成形した吸水性物品が提案されている。しかしながら、シート或いはフィルム状の吸水性物品は、通気性や風合いが悪く、又、表面積が小さいため吸水速度が低いという欠点があった。また、繊維状の吸水性物品は、吸水時のゲル強度が弱く、実際の使用に耐えず、しかも複雑な製造工程を経るためコスト的にも不利である。
【0006】
更に、親水性のセルロース系繊維質基材に吸水性ポリマーに転換し得る水溶性モノマー、例えば(メタ)アクリル酸若しくはその塩を塗布し、次いで重合させる方法が提示されているが(特表昭57−50046号、特開昭59−204975号各公報)、親水性の基材であるが故に繊維質基材内部までモノマー水溶液が浸透し易く、この様な吸水性物品では繊維間の毛細管を小さくし、吸水性能、特に吸水速度が悪いものになってしまう。また、内部まで浸透せずに基材表面に塗布されても親水性繊維故に表面を濡れ拡がった状態で付着、重合し、面状(水かき状)の形態になり易く、その結果風合いが悪く、又、ポリマーが吸尿して膨潤した際、繊維表面に閉塞性の膜が形成され、尿の吸水性物品内部への浸透が妨げられ、吸水物性が悪くなってしまう。
特公平5−58030号公報には、これらの問題を解決するため、吸水性ポリマーが基材を略球状に包み込んだ吸収性物品が提示されている。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、前記公報の吸収性物品においても、略球状のポリマー粒子の粒径が200〜300μmと大きいため、ポリマー粒子が吸尿して膨潤する時に繊維に拘束され膨潤しにくいという、いわゆる膨潤阻害が生じることにより、吸水性ポリマーの吸水性能が十分に発揮できないという問題点がある。
従って、一日も早く吸水性能に優れ、風合いが良く、ポリマーの脱落のない吸水性物品の出現が望まれている。
本発明の課題は、吸水倍率、吸水速度が高く、繊維質基材が持つ風合いが吸水性ポリマー付着後も損なわれず、吸水性ポリマーが繊維質基材に強固に固定された吸水性複合体及びその製造方法を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は、上記課題を解決するために鋭意検討を重ねた結果、有機不飽和カルボン酸又はその塩を主成分とする重合性モノマー水溶液を微滴化して繊維質基材に施し、重合させることにより、粒径が特定の範囲内にある吸水性ポリマー粒子が得られ、これによりポリマーの吸水性能がよく、繊維質基材の持つ風合いが損なわれない吸水性複合体が得られることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0009】
即ち、本発明は、
有機不飽和カルボン酸又はその塩を主成分とする重合性モノマーを含有する水溶液を液滴状ないしは糸状に流出させ、流出した水溶液に気体を吹きつけて水溶液を微滴化させ、微滴化した水溶液を繊維質基材に付着させて重合させることを特徴とする、平均粒径5〜150μmの吸水性ポリマー粒子が繊維質基材に担持されている吸水性複合体の製造方法。
にある。
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
(1)吸水性複合体
本発明の吸水性複合体は、繊維質基材に吸水性ポリマー粒子が坦持された吸水性複合体であって、基材上に坦持された吸水性ポリマー粒子の粒径の平均値が5〜150μmの範囲にあることを特徴とする。
この粒径の平均値が大きすぎる場合には、吸水性ポリマー粒子が繊維質基材で繊維に拘束されるため、吸水時に膨潤阻害が起こり、ポリマー粒子単独の時と比較して吸水能や吸水速度等の性能が低下したり、又、ポリマー粒子による風合いの悪化が生じる。更に、粒径が小さすぎる場合は、繊維質基材との付着力が弱まり、脱落し易いため適当ではない。吸水性ポリマー粒子の粒径の平均値の好ましい値は20〜100μmの範囲であり、特に好ましい値は30〜70μmの範囲である。
【0011】
即ち、繊維質基材に坦持された吸水性ポリマー粒子の粒径を本発明の範囲内とすることにより、
(1)ポリマーの質量当りの表面積が大きくなり吸水性能が良く、
(2)繊維質基材が持つ風合いが吸水性ポリマー付着後も損なわれない、
吸水性複合体を得ることが可能となる。
【0012】
(2)吸水性複合体の製造方法
次に、本発明の吸水性複合体の製造方法の一例を具体的に説明する。
本発明の吸水性複合体は、例えば、次の(1)→(2)→(3)の工程からなる方法により得ることができる。
(1)先ず、吸水性ポリマーに転換し得る水溶性の重合性モノマー含有水溶液を、公知の方法、例えばスプレー等による噴出によりモノマーを気相中に流出させ、これに気体を吹き付け微滴化し、繊維質基材上に滴下する。
(2)この複合体を、重合を妨げない雰囲気下で後述する公知の重合方法で吸水性ポリマーに転換し、含水の吸水性複合体を得る。
(3)次に、上記吸水性複合体を乾燥し、目的とする吸水性複合体を得る。
【0013】
(重合性モノマー)
吸水性ポリマーの製造に用いられる重合性モノマーとしては、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、マレイン酸、イタコン酸又はそれらの塩等、有機カルボン酸又はその塩の水溶液或いは混合水溶液が用いられ、好ましくは、アクリル酸及びメタクリル酸又はそれらの塩で、特に好ましくは、アクリル酸又はその塩である。有機カルボン酸の塩としては、アルカリ金属塩、アルカリ土類金属塩、アンモニウム塩等が挙げられ、好ましくは、ナトリウム、カリウム等のアルカリ金属塩及びアンモニウム塩である。更に、アクリルアミド、メタクリルアミドやアクリル酸エステル等の共重合可能な単量体を共存させてもよい。
【0014】
有機カルボン酸とその塩との比は100:0〜0:100(モル比)と任意であるが、80:20〜10:90とするのが吸水性能が優れたポリマーが得られるので好ましい。水溶液中の有機カルボン酸又はその塩の合計の濃度は20重量%以上、好ましくは25重量%以上である。
【0015】
(架橋剤)
吸水性ポリマーの製造の際、ポリマーの吸水性能向上のため架橋剤を添加してもよい。架橋剤は前記重合性モノマーと共重合性を示すもの、或いは分子内に前記重合性モノマー中の官能基、例えばカルボキシル基と重合中又は重合後の乾燥時に反応し得るような官能基を二ケ以上有するもので、これらはある程度水溶性を示すものであれば何れも使用できる。
【0016】
前者の架橋剤としては、例えばエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ジエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ポリエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、プロピレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ポリプロピレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、グリセリントリ(メタ)アクリレート、N,N′−メチレンビス(メタ)アクリルアミド、ジアリルフタレート、ジアリルマレート、ジアリルテレフタレート、トリアリルシアヌレート、トリアリルイソシアヌレート等が挙げられる。ここで、「(メタ)アクリレート」とは、「アクリレート」及び「メタクリレート」の両者を示すものである。
【0017】
また、後者の架橋剤としては、例えばエチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、ポリエチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、グリセリン、エリスリット、アラビット等のような脂肪族多価アルコールのジ又はポリグリシジルエーテル等が挙げられる。
【0018】
この中で、本発明で特に好ましいものとしては、分子中に二重結合を二ケ以上有し、アクリル系モノマー、好ましくは部分中和アクリル酸アルカリ金属塩、好ましくはナトリウム塩と共重合性を示すものがよい。具体的には、N,N′−メチレンビス(メタ)アクリルアミド、エチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート等が挙げられる。
このような架橋剤はそれ自身単独で或いは二種以上の混合物としても使用できる。
【0019】
これらの架橋剤の使用量は、重合性モノマーの総量に対して通常、0.001〜5重量%、好ましくは0.01〜1重量%である。0.001重量%より少ない場合には、吸水能は極めて大きくなるものの、吸水時の吸水性ポリマーのゲル強度が極めて弱いものとなり、又、5重量%を超えると、吸水ゲル強度は特段に向上するが、吸水能がかなり小さいものとなり、実用上問題となる。
【0020】
(重合開始剤)
重合開始剤としては水溶性のものであれば特に制限されず、例えば過硫酸カリウム、過硫酸アンモニウム、過硫酸ナトリウム等の過硫酸水素塩;過酸化水素、t−ブチルハイドロパーオキサイド、クメンハイドロパーオキサイド等のハイドロパーオキサイド;亜塩素酸塩、次亜塩素酸塩、第二セリウム塩、過マンガン塩等の水溶性の酸化性ラジカル重合開始剤や、2,2−アゾビス(2−アミジノプロパン)二塩酸塩等の水溶性アゾ系重合開始剤が挙げられる。中でも酸化性ラジカル開始剤が好ましい。また、上記水溶性のラジカル重合開始剤は還元剤を併用してレドックス系開始剤としてもよい。
【0021】
用いられる還元剤としては、例えば亜硫酸ナトリウム、亜硫酸水素ナトリウム等の亜硫酸(水素)塩;チオ硫酸ナトリウム等のチオ硫酸塩;亜二チオン酸塩;亜燐酸ナトリウム等の亜燐酸塩又は次亜燐酸塩;硫酸第一銅、硫酸第一鉄等の金属塩;L−アスコルビン酸等の有機還元剤;アニリン、モノエタノールアミン等のアミン類が挙げられる。
ラジカル重合開始剤の使用量は広い範囲とすることができるが、通常水溶性アクリル系モノマーに対して0.0002〜5重量%であり、好ましくは0.01〜1重量%である。
【0022】
(繊維質基材)
本発明に用いられる繊維質基材としては「成形した」繊維質基材が好ましい。成形した繊維質基材とは、具体的には繊維をゆるく成形したパッド、カーディング若しくはエア・レイイングしたウエブ、ティッシュペーパー、木綿ガーゼの様な織布、メリアス地又は不織布でよい。「成形した」繊維質基材とは、その繊維質基材を用品の中に組み込むために、切断、接合、造形等が必要になることはあるが、ウエブ形成作業は更に施す必要がないものを意味する。
【0023】
一般的には、木材パルプ、レーヨン、木綿その他のセルロース系繊維或いはポリエステル系繊維を主成分とした繊維質基材を使用する事が好ましいが、他の種類の繊維、例えば、ポリエチレン系、ポリプロピレン系、ポリスチレン系、ポリアミド系、ポリビニルアルコール系、ポリ塩化ビニル系、ポリ塩化ビニリデン系、ポリアクリロニトリル系、ポリ尿素系、ポリウレタン系、ポリフルオロエチレン系、ポリシアン化ビニリデン系繊維を主成分とした繊維質基材を使用する事も可能である。
繊維質基材の厚みは通常0.5〜20mm、好ましくは1〜10mm、目付量は通常5〜500g/m、好ましくは10〜300g/m程度が適当である。
【0024】
(モノマー水溶液の基材への施用方法)
上記重合性モノマーと重合開始剤を含有する水溶液をスプレー等の公知の方法により、液滴状或いは糸状に流出させることにより繊維室基材上に施す。
また、本発明においては、繊維質基材に施されるモノマーの水溶液にレドックス系重合開始剤を配して当該モノマーの重合を開始させ、モノマー及び生成ポリマーを含んで成る重合進行中の反応混合物を繊維質基材上に施す方法を用いてもよい。
上記重合性モノマー含有水溶液の流出速度は0.1〜20m/s程度であり、好ましくは1〜10m/sである。
【0025】
本発明の吸水性複合体の好ましい製造方法としては、この噴霧或いは流下されたモノマーの水溶液が、基材上に施される直前に、このモノマーの水滴に気体を吹き付けることにより微滴化する方法がある。
微滴化の方法は特に制限されず、例えばノズルによる噴出等により行うが、ノズルの形状や大きさについては特に制限されない。
この際に用いられる気体としては、水蒸気、空気、或いは、ヘリウム、窒素、アルゴン等の不活性ガスが挙げられる。これらは二種以上の混合気体としてもよいが、中でも空気と水蒸気の混合気体とすることが後述するように吸水能の向上に有利であり、又、コスト的にも有利であるので好ましい。
【0026】
微滴化するための気体の流速は、速い程吸水性ポリマー粒子の粒径は小さくなるが、速過ぎても繊維質基材への滴下をコントロールすることが難しく、0.5〜100m/s程度であり、好ましくは5〜50m/sである。
また、気体により微滴化されると同時にモノマー滴の表面から水分が蒸発し、モノマー表面が固体として析出し、表面近傍の重合が止まり残存モノマーが多く、且つ吸水能が低くなるため、雰囲気の相対湿度及びブローする気体の相対湿度は、30%以上、好ましくは50%以上、更に好ましくは70%以上である。
雰囲気及びブローする気体の温度はモノマーの凝固点以下ではモノマーが析出し、重合が進行せず、又、高過ぎてもモノマー噴出用のノズルが閉塞する可能性が高い。好ましくは15〜50℃、更に好ましくは20〜35℃である。
繊維質基材へのモノマー水溶液の付着量は特に制限は無いが、一般的には繊維質基材1重量部に対してモノマー水溶液0.1〜100重量部の範囲であり、好ましくは0.5〜20重量部である。
【0027】
(重合方法)
繊維状基材に施されたモノマー水溶液の微滴は、公知の手段により重合させ吸水性ポリマーに転換し、吸水性複合体とする。
具体的な重合方法としては、例えば、熱、光、加速された電子線、放射線、紫外線等を照射する方法が挙げられる。
重合を迅速且つ定量的に進めるためには、重合不活性な雰囲気下、例えば窒素気流下で行うことが望ましい。加熱による重合においては水溶性ラジカル重合開始剤、光や紫外線照射による重合においては、光や紫外線によりラジカルを発生する水溶性の開始剤をモノマー水溶液に添加する必要がある。
【0028】
加熱による重合の場合、重合方式には特に制限はなく、いかなる形式のものでも採用可能であるが、代表的なものとしては、オーブン形式のボックス型反応槽にてバッチ方式に行う方法、或いはエンドレスベルト上で連続的に行う方法等が挙げられる。
【0029】
反応槽内の温度、即ち、重合温度には特に制限はなく、用いる重合開始剤の種類及び使用量等により変化するが、通常20〜150℃、好ましくは40〜100℃が採用される。
また、重合時間は、重合温度等により変わってくるが、通常数秒〜2時間、好ましくは数秒〜10分程度である。
【0030】
また、電子線による重合の場合には、その線量は、複合体中のモノマー量及び水分等により変化するが、通常0.01〜100メガラド、好ましくは0.1〜50メガラドである。なお、照射温度には特に制限はなく、室温で十分その目的を達成することができる。
重合後の給水性複合体は、必要に応じて、熱風、マイクロ波、赤外線等を照射することにより乾燥を行い、併せて残存モノマーの低減を図ることができる。
【0031】
【実施例】
以下、実施例及び比較例を挙げて本発明を更に具体的に説明するが、本発明は、その要旨を超えない限り実施例に限定されるものではない。なお、これらの例に記載の生理塩水吸水能、吸水速度及び残存モノマー量は、下記試験方法によって測定した数値を指す。
【0032】
A.生理塩水吸水能
300mlのビーカーに吸水性複合体を約1.0g及び濃度0.9重量%の食塩水約200gをそれぞれ秤量して入れてから、約4時間放置して食塩水によってポリマーを十分に膨潤させた。次いで、100メッシュ篩で水切りをした後、その濾過食塩水量を秤量し、下記式に従って生理塩水吸水能を算出する。
【0033】
【数1】

Figure 0003546609
【0034】
B.吸水速度
300mlのビーカーに濃度0.9重量%の食塩水約200gを秤量して入れる。次に吸水性複合体を約1.0g秤量し、上記食塩水中に入れる。5分後、100メッシュ篩で水切りをした後、その濾過食塩水量を秤量し、上記Aに示した式に基づき生理塩水吸水能を求め、これを吸水速度とする。
【0035】
C.平均粒径
100倍の顕微鏡写真を、吸水性複合体の任意の箇所において10枚撮り、その中に写っている吸水性ポリマーの長径と短径を各粒子について測定し、各々相乗平均をとり、全体の個数分布を求め、50%に相当する粒径を平均粒径とした。
【0036】
実施例−1
70モル%が苛性ソーダにより中和された固形分濃度40重量%の部分中和アクリル酸水溶液にN,N′−メチレンビスアクリルアミド0.04重量%(対モノマー)と過硫酸カリウム0.44重量%(対モノマー)を溶解し、その後窒素ガスを吹き込んで溶存酸素を除去した。
こうして得られたモノマー水溶液を相対湿度80%、温度25℃の雰囲気中で、内径0.1mmのノズルから線速度3m/sでフィードし、該モノマーに横方向から相対湿度80%、温度25℃の空気を線速度5m/sで吹き付け微滴化し、目付け40g/mのポリエステル製の不織布上に、モノマー水溶液の付着量が250g/mとなるようにした。
これを70℃に加熱したオーブンに20分間入れ重合を行い、更に、110℃にオーブンを昇温し30分昇温し乾燥を行い吸水性複合体を得た。結果を表1に示した。
【0037】
実施例−2
モノマーを微滴化するために吹き付ける空気の線速度を2.5m/sにした以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で吸水性複合体を得た。結果を表1に示した。
【0038】
実施例−3
モノマーを微滴化するために吹き付ける空気の線速度を10m/sとしたことと、重合するためのオーブンの温度を80℃に加熱し、10分間入れた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で吸水性複合体を得た。結果を表1に示した。
【0039】
実施例−4
モノマーを微滴化するために吹き付ける空気の温度を35℃としたことと、不織布上のモノマー水溶液の付着量を150g/mにした以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で吸水性複合体を得た。結果を表1に示した。
【0040】
実施例−5
モノマーを微滴化するために吹き付ける気体を相対湿度40%のNとしたこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で吸水性複合体を得た。結果を表1に示した。
【0041】
実施例−6
モノマーをフィードするためのノズルの内径を0.2mmとし線速度を1.5m/sとしたこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で吸水性複合体を得た。結果を表1に示した。
【0042】
実施例−7
ポリエステル製の不織布の目付けを80g/mとし、モノマーをフィードを、スプレーノズルを用いて行い、更に不織布上のモノマー水溶液の付着量を200g/mにした以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で吸水性複合体を得た。結果を表1に示した。
【0043】
実施例−8
重合を、オーブンを使用する代りに、5Mradの電子線を照射して行った以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で吸水性複合体を得た。結果を表1に示した。
【0044】
実施例−9
アクリル酸の代りにメタクリル酸、N,N′−メチレンビスアクリルアミドの代りにエチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテルを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で吸水性複合体を得た。結果を表1に示した。
【0045】
実施例−10
苛性ソーダの代りに苛性カリウムを用い、固形分濃度を50重量%にした以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で吸水性複合体を得た。結果を表1に示した。
【0046】
実施例−11
苛性ソーダの代りに苛性カリウムを用い、中和度を80重量%にした以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で吸水性複合体を得た。結果を表1に示した。
【0047】
実施例−12
70モル%が苛性ソーダにより中和された固形分濃度40重量%の部分中和アクリル酸水溶液にN,N′−メチレンビスアクリルアミドを0.04重量%(対モノマー)を溶解し、これを二つに分け、一方にHを1.34重量%(対モノマー)入れA液を調整し、他方にL−Asを0.54重量%(対モノマー)入れB液を調整した。
その後、A,B両液に窒素ガスを吹き込んで溶存酸素を除去した。
こうして得られたモノマー水溶液を、相対湿度80%、温度25℃の雰囲気中に置かれた間隔4mm、ノズル間角度30°で、それぞれが内径0.1mmの二本のノズルから、A,B両液をそれぞれ線速度3m/sでノズルからフィードさせ、その直後にA液とB液が合流し液柱を形成した。このモノマーに横方向から相対湿度80%、温度25℃の空気を線速度5m/sで吹き付け微滴化し、目付け40g/mのポリエステル製の不織布上にモノマー水溶液の付着量が250g/mとなるようにした。
重合は瞬間に起こった。更に、110℃にオーブンを昇温し30分昇温し乾燥を行い吸水性複合体を得た。結果を表1に示した。
【0048】
実施例−13
不織布をポリエステル製の代りに、目付け100g/mのポリプロピレン/ポリエチレンの複合繊維からなる不織布を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で吸水性複合体を得た。結果を表1に示した。
【0049】
実施例−14
70モル%が苛性ソーダにより中和された固形分濃度40重量%の部分中和アクリル酸水溶液にN,N′−メチレンビスアクリルアミド0.05重量%(対モノマー)と過硫酸ナトリウム1重量%(対モノマー)を溶解し、その後窒素ガスを吹き込んで溶存酸素を除去した。
こうして得られたモノマー水溶液を相対湿度80%、温度25℃の雰囲気中で目付け45g/mのポリプロピレン/ポリエチレンの複合繊維からなる不織布上に、モノマー水溶液の付着量が150g/mとなるように、スプレーを用いてフィードしたモノマーに横方向から相対湿度80%、温度25℃の空気を線速度5m/sで吹き付け微滴化した。これを70℃に加熱したオーブンに20分間入れ重合を行い、更に、100℃にオーブンを昇温し、減圧下にて30分乾燥を行い吸水性複合体を得た。結果を表1に示した。
【0050】
比較例−1
フィード後のモノマーを空気により微滴化させることなくそのまま不織布上に落とした以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で吸水性複合体を得た。結果を表1に示した。
【0051】
比較例−2
フィード後のモノマーを空気により微滴化させることなくそのまま不織布上に落とした以外は、実施例6と同様の方法で吸水性複合体を得た。結果を表1に示した。
【0052】
比較例−3
フィード後のモノマーを空気により微滴化させることなくそのまま不織布上に落とした以外は、実施例7と同様の方法で吸水性複合体を得た。結果を表1に示した。
【0053】
比較例−4
フィード後のモノマーを空気により微滴化させることなくそのまま不織布上に落とした以外は、実施例12と同様の方法で吸水性複合体を得た。結果を表1に示した。
【0054】
比較例−5
フィード後のモノマーを空気により微滴化させることなくそのまま不織布上に落とした以外は、実施例13と同様の方法で吸水性複合体を得た。結果を表1に示した。
【0055】
比較例−6
フィード後のモノマーを空気により微滴化させることなくそのまま不織布上に落とした以外は、実施例14と同様の方法で吸水性複合体を得た。結果を表1に示した。
【0056】
【表1】
Figure 0003546609
【0057】
【発明の効果】
本発明の吸水性複合体は、繊維質基材上の吸水性ポリマーが微粒子であることにより、ポリマーの重量当りの表面積が大きく吸水性物品としてポリマーの吸水性能を十分発揮せしめることが可能であり、且つ、繊維質基材が持つ柔軟性等の風合いをポリマー付着後も損なうことなく吸収性物品に転換でき、衛生用品、医療物品に好ましく利用できる。
しかもポリマーが繊維をしっかり包み込んだ状態で固定されているので、ポリマーが膨潤した時でさえ繊維質基材からポリマーの脱落が殆んどない。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a water-absorbing composite and a method for producing the water-absorbing composite. Specifically, a water-absorbing composite in which a water-absorbing polymer particle having a particle size in a specific range is carried on a fibrous base material and fine droplets of an aqueous polymerizable monomer solution by a specific means are applied to the fibrous base material. And polymerizing the composition.
Since the water-absorbing composite of the present invention has a high water absorption ratio and a high water absorption rate, the texture of the fibrous base material is not impaired even after the water-absorbing polymer is attached, and the water-absorbing polymer is firmly fixed to the fibrous base material. Can be advantageously used for the production of various water-absorbing materials.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, paper, pulp, nonwoven fabric, sponge-like urethane resin, and the like have been used as various water-retaining agents, such as sanitary napkins, paper diapers, and other sanitary materials, and various agricultural materials. However, these materials have a water absorption of only about 10 to 50 times their own weight, so that a large amount of material is necessary to absorb or retain a large amount of water, and not only becomes extremely bulky, Further, there is a drawback such that when the water-absorbed material is pressurized, water is easily released.
[0003]
In recent years, various high-water-absorbing polymer materials have been proposed to improve the above-mentioned drawbacks of this type of water-absorbing material. For example, a graft polymer of starch (JP-B-53-46199, etc.), a modified cellulose (JP-A-50-80376, etc.), a crosslinked product of a water-soluble polymer (JP-B-43-23462, etc.) A self-crosslinking type alkali metal acrylate polymer (Japanese Patent Publication No. 54-30710) has been proposed.
These water-absorbing polymers are generally in the form of powder, and when used for sanitary materials such as sanitary napkins and disposable diapers, the water-absorbing polymer particles are used as a base material such as nonwoven fabric, paper, and cotton. It is dispersed and compounded in a base material by sandwiching, mixing with pulp or the like, embossing, or the like to impart flexibility, liquid permeability, air permeability, water absorption rate, and the like.
[0004]
However, it is difficult to stably fix the water-absorbing polymer particles on the base material by the method of combining the water-absorbing polymer particles and the base material produced in a separate system in advance. It was not possible to prevent movement in the composite or falling off from the substrate. Therefore, when the conventional water-absorbing composite is used in, for example, a disposable diaper, it tends to cause a feeling of stiffness after urine absorption, leakage of urine and the like.
In addition, when the water-absorbing polymer particles are produced in advance in a separate system as described above, since the particles are likely to aggregate during the production, the resulting water-absorbing polymer particles have a large average particle size, and therefore, There was a disadvantage that the water absorption rate was low because the surface area was small.
[0005]
In order to improve these disadvantages based on the use of the powdery water-absorbing polymer, for example, a water-absorbing article in which the water-absorbing polymer itself is formed into a sheet, a film, or a fiber has been proposed. However, the sheet or film-shaped water-absorbent article has the disadvantages of poor air permeability and texture, and low water absorption rate due to small surface area. In addition, fibrous water-absorbent articles have a low gel strength when absorbing water, cannot withstand actual use, and are disadvantageous in terms of cost because they go through complicated manufacturing steps.
[0006]
Further, a method has been proposed in which a hydrophilic cellulose-based fibrous base material is coated with a water-soluble monomer that can be converted to a water-absorbing polymer, for example, (meth) acrylic acid or a salt thereof, and then polymerized (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (JP-A) No. 2002-157590). 57-50046, JP-A-59-204975), since a hydrophilic substrate is used, it is easy for a monomer aqueous solution to penetrate into the interior of a fibrous substrate. If it is made smaller, the water absorption performance, particularly the water absorption speed, becomes poor. In addition, even if it is applied to the substrate surface without penetrating to the inside, it adheres and polymerizes in a state where the surface is wet and spread because of the hydrophilic fiber, and tends to be in a planar (webbed) form, resulting in poor texture, Further, when the polymer absorbs urine and swells, an occlusive film is formed on the surface of the fiber, preventing the penetration of urine into the interior of the water-absorbing article, and deteriorating the physical properties of water absorption.
In order to solve these problems, Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-58030 discloses an absorbent article in which a water-absorbing polymer wraps a substrate in a substantially spherical shape.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, also in the absorbent article of the above-mentioned publication, since the particle diameter of the substantially spherical polymer particles is as large as 200 to 300 μm, the so-called swelling inhibition, in which the polymer particles are hardly swelled by being constrained by the fibers when swelling due to urine absorption, occurs. As a result, there is a problem that the water absorbing performance of the water absorbing polymer cannot be sufficiently exhibited.
Therefore, the appearance of a water-absorbing article which is excellent in water-absorbing performance as soon as one day, has a good texture, and does not drop off the polymer is desired.
An object of the present invention is to provide a water-absorbing composite having a high water-absorbing capacity, a high water-absorbing rate, a texture of a fibrous base material that is not impaired even after a water-absorbing polymer is attached, and a water-absorbing polymer firmly fixed to the fibrous base material. It is to provide a manufacturing method thereof.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to solve the above problems, and as a result, a polymerizable monomer aqueous solution containing an organic unsaturated carboxylic acid or a salt thereof as a main component is atomized and applied to a fibrous base material, and polymerization is performed. By doing so, it is possible to obtain water-absorbing polymer particles having a particle size in a specific range, thereby obtaining a water-absorbing composite in which the polymer has good water-absorbing performance and the texture of the fibrous base material is not impaired. As a result, the present invention has been completed.
[0009]
That is, the present invention
An aqueous solution containing a polymerizable monomer containing an organic unsaturated carboxylic acid or a salt thereof as a main component was discharged in the form of droplets or threads, and a gas was blown on the discharged aqueous solution to make the aqueous solution finely-divided and finely-divided. A method for producing a water-absorbing composite in which water-absorbing polymer particles having an average particle size of 5 to 150 μm are supported on a fibrous substrate, wherein the aqueous solution is adhered to the fibrous substrate and polymerized.
It is in.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
(1) Water-absorbing composite The water-absorbing composite of the present invention is a water-absorbing composite in which a water-absorbing polymer particle is supported on a fibrous base material, and the water-absorbing polymer particle is supported on a base material. Is characterized in that the average value of the particle diameters is in the range of 5 to 150 μm.
If the average value of the particle size is too large, the water-absorbing polymer particles are bound to the fibers by the fibrous base material. The performance such as speed is reduced, and the texture is deteriorated by the polymer particles. Further, if the particle size is too small, the adhesive force with the fibrous base material is weakened and it is easy to fall off, which is not appropriate. The preferred value of the average value of the particle size of the water-absorbing polymer particles is in the range of 20 to 100 μm, and the particularly preferred value is in the range of 30 to 70 μm.
[0011]
That is, by setting the particle size of the water-absorbing polymer particles carried on the fibrous base material within the scope of the present invention,
(1) The surface area per mass of the polymer is increased and the water absorption performance is good,
(2) the texture of the fibrous base material is not impaired even after the attachment of the water-absorbing polymer;
It becomes possible to obtain a water-absorbing composite.
[0012]
(2) Method for Producing a Water Absorbent Composite Next, an example of a method for producing a water absorbent composite of the present invention will be specifically described.
The water-absorbing composite of the present invention can be obtained, for example, by a method comprising the following steps (1) → (2) → (3).
(1) First, an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble polymerizable monomer that can be converted to a water-absorbing polymer is caused to flow out of the monomer into a gas phase by jetting by a known method, for example, spraying, etc. It is dropped on the fibrous base material.
(2) This complex is converted into a water-absorbing polymer by a known polymerization method described below in an atmosphere that does not hinder the polymerization to obtain a water-containing water-absorbing composite.
(3) Next, the above-mentioned water-absorbing composite is dried to obtain a desired water-absorbing composite.
[0013]
(Polymerizable monomer)
As the polymerizable monomer used in the production of the water-absorbing polymer, an aqueous solution or a mixed aqueous solution of an organic carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid or a salt thereof, is preferably used. Acids and methacrylic acids or their salts, particularly preferably acrylic acid or its salts. Examples of the salt of the organic carboxylic acid include an alkali metal salt, an alkaline earth metal salt, an ammonium salt and the like, and preferably an alkali metal salt such as sodium and potassium and an ammonium salt. Further, a copolymerizable monomer such as acrylamide, methacrylamide, or acrylate may be allowed to coexist.
[0014]
The ratio between the organic carboxylic acid and the salt thereof is arbitrary from 100: 0 to 0: 100 (molar ratio), but is preferably from 80:20 to 10:90 since a polymer having excellent water absorption performance can be obtained. The total concentration of the organic carboxylic acid or salt thereof in the aqueous solution is 20% by weight or more, preferably 25% by weight or more.
[0015]
(Crosslinking agent)
In producing the water-absorbing polymer, a crosslinking agent may be added to improve the water-absorbing performance of the polymer. The cross-linking agent is one which shows copolymerizability with the polymerizable monomer or two functional groups in the molecule which can react with a carboxyl group, for example, a carboxyl group during polymerization or during drying after polymerization. Any of these can be used as long as they exhibit water solubility to some extent.
[0016]
Examples of the former crosslinking agent include ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, propylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, polypropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, and glycerin tri ( (Meth) acrylate, N, N'-methylenebis (meth) acrylamide, diallyl phthalate, diallyl maleate, diallyl terephthalate, triallyl cyanurate, triallyl isocyanurate and the like. Here, “(meth) acrylate” indicates both “acrylate” and “methacrylate”.
[0017]
Examples of the latter crosslinking agent include di- or polyglycidyl ethers of aliphatic polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, glycerin, erythrit, and arabbit.
[0018]
Among them, particularly preferred in the present invention are those having two or more double bonds in the molecule and having copolymerizability with an acrylic monomer, preferably a partially neutralized alkali metal salt of acrylic acid, preferably a sodium salt. The one shown is good. Specific examples include N, N'-methylenebis (meth) acrylamide, ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, and the like.
Such crosslinking agents can be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.
[0019]
The use amount of these crosslinking agents is usually 0.001 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 1% by weight, based on the total amount of the polymerizable monomers. If the amount is less than 0.001% by weight, the water-absorbing ability becomes extremely large, but the gel strength of the water-absorbing polymer at the time of water absorption becomes extremely weak. If it exceeds 5% by weight, the water-absorbing gel strength is particularly improved. However, the water absorption capacity becomes considerably small, which is a practical problem.
[0020]
(Polymerization initiator)
The polymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it is water-soluble, and examples thereof include hydrogen persulfates such as potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, and sodium persulfate; hydrogen peroxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, and cumene hydroperoxide. Water-soluble oxidative radical polymerization initiators such as chlorite, hypochlorite, ceric salt, permanganate, etc., and 2,2-azobis (2-amidinopropane) And water-soluble azo polymerization initiators such as hydrochloride. Among them, an oxidizing radical initiator is preferable. In addition, the water-soluble radical polymerization initiator may be used as a redox initiator by using a reducing agent in combination.
[0021]
Examples of the reducing agent to be used include sulfurous acid (hydrogen) salts such as sodium sulfite and sodium bisulfite; thiosulfate salts such as sodium thiosulfate; dithionites; and phosphites or hypophosphites such as sodium phosphite Metal salts such as cuprous sulfate and ferrous sulfate; organic reducing agents such as L-ascorbic acid; amines such as aniline and monoethanolamine.
The amount of the radical polymerization initiator used can be in a wide range, but is usually from 0.0002 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.01 to 1% by weight, based on the water-soluble acrylic monomer.
[0022]
(Fibrous base material)
As the fibrous base material used in the present invention, a "formed" fibrous base material is preferable. The molded fibrous base material may be, for example, a loosely molded fiber pad, a carded or air-laid web, a tissue paper, a woven fabric such as cotton gauze, a melias fabric or a nonwoven fabric. "Molded" fibrous substrates are those that may require cutting, joining, shaping, etc. to incorporate the fibrous substrate into the product, but do not require additional web forming operations Means
[0023]
Generally, it is preferable to use a fibrous base material mainly composed of wood pulp, rayon, cotton or other cellulosic fibers or polyester fibers, but other types of fibers, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc. Fibrous base containing polystyrene, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyacrylonitrile, polyurea, polyurethane, polyfluoroethylene, polyvinylidene cyanide fibers It is also possible to use wood.
The thickness of the fibrous base material is typically 0.5 to 20 mm, preferably 1 to 10 mm, weight per unit area is usually 5 to 500 g / m 2, preferably suitably about 10 to 300 g / m 2.
[0024]
(Method of applying aqueous monomer solution to substrate)
The aqueous solution containing the polymerizable monomer and the polymerization initiator is applied onto the fiber chamber base material by flowing it in a droplet form or a thread form by a known method such as spraying.
Further, in the present invention, a redox-based polymerization initiator is disposed in an aqueous solution of a monomer to be applied to a fibrous base material to start polymerization of the monomer, and a reaction mixture during the progress of polymerization comprising the monomer and the produced polymer is provided. May be applied to a fibrous base material.
The outflow velocity of the aqueous solution containing the polymerizable monomer is about 0.1 to 20 m / s, preferably 1 to 10 m / s.
[0025]
As a preferred method for producing the water-absorbing composite of the present invention, a method in which the aqueous solution of the sprayed or dropped monomer is atomized by spraying a gas onto water droplets of the monomer immediately before being applied onto a substrate. There is.
The method of atomization is not particularly limited and is performed by, for example, ejection by a nozzle, but the shape and size of the nozzle are not particularly limited.
The gas used at this time includes water vapor, air, or an inert gas such as helium, nitrogen, or argon. These may be a mixture of two or more gases, and among them, a mixture of air and water vapor is preferred because it is advantageous for improving the water absorption capacity as described later and also advantageous in terms of cost.
[0026]
As the flow rate of the gas for atomization becomes higher, the particle size of the water-absorbing polymer particles becomes smaller as the flow rate becomes higher, but it is difficult to control dripping onto the fibrous base material even if the flow rate is too high, and 0.5 to 100 m / s. And preferably 5 to 50 m / s.
In addition, at the same time as the droplets are atomized by the gas, water evaporates from the surface of the monomer droplets, and the monomer surface precipitates as a solid.Polymerization near the surface stops, the amount of residual monomer is large, and the water absorption capacity is low. The relative humidity and the relative humidity of the gas to be blown are 30% or more, preferably 50% or more, and more preferably 70% or more.
When the temperature of the atmosphere and the gas to be blown is lower than the freezing point of the monomer, the monomer precipitates and the polymerization does not proceed, and even if the temperature is too high, the monomer ejection nozzle is likely to be blocked. Preferably it is 15-50 degreeC, More preferably, it is 20-35 degreeC.
The amount of the aqueous monomer solution attached to the fibrous base material is not particularly limited, but is generally in the range of 0.1 to 100 parts by weight of the aqueous monomer solution per 1 part by weight of the fibrous base material, and preferably 0.1 to 100 parts by weight. 5 to 20 parts by weight.
[0027]
(Polymerization method)
The fine droplets of the aqueous monomer solution applied to the fibrous base material are polymerized by a known means and converted into a water-absorbing polymer to form a water-absorbing composite.
As a specific polymerization method, for example, a method of irradiating heat, light, accelerated electron beam, radiation, ultraviolet light, or the like can be given.
In order to promptly and quantitatively advance the polymerization, it is desirable to carry out the polymerization under an inert atmosphere, for example, under a nitrogen stream. In polymerization by heating, it is necessary to add a water-soluble radical polymerization initiator to the monomer aqueous solution, and in polymerization by light or ultraviolet irradiation, it is necessary to add a water-soluble initiator that generates a radical by light or ultraviolet light to the aqueous monomer solution.
[0028]
In the case of polymerization by heating, the polymerization method is not particularly limited, and any type can be adopted. Typical examples thereof include a method of performing a batch method in an oven-type box-type reaction tank or an endless method. A method of continuously performing the operation on a belt may be used.
[0029]
The temperature in the reaction vessel, that is, the polymerization temperature is not particularly limited, and varies depending on the type and amount of the polymerization initiator used, but is usually 20 to 150 ° C, preferably 40 to 100 ° C.
The polymerization time varies depending on the polymerization temperature and the like, but is usually several seconds to 2 hours, preferably several seconds to 10 minutes.
[0030]
In the case of polymerization by an electron beam, the dose varies depending on the amount of the monomer in the composite, moisture and the like, but is usually 0.01 to 100 Mrad, preferably 0.1 to 50 Mrad. The irradiation temperature is not particularly limited, and the object can be sufficiently achieved at room temperature.
The water-supply composite after polymerization can be dried by irradiating it with hot air, microwaves, infrared rays or the like, if necessary, and also reduce the amount of residual monomers.
[0031]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited to Examples unless it exceeds the gist thereof. In addition, the physiological saline water-absorbing ability, the water-absorbing speed, and the residual monomer amount described in these examples indicate values measured by the following test methods.
[0032]
A. Approximately 1.0 g of the water-absorbing complex and approximately 200 g of a 0.9% by weight saline solution were weighed and placed in a 300 ml beaker of physiological saline water absorption capacity, and then allowed to stand for about 4 hours to sufficiently polymerize with the saline solution. Swelled. Next, after draining with a 100 mesh sieve, the amount of the filtered saline is weighed, and the physiological saline water absorption capacity is calculated according to the following formula.
[0033]
(Equation 1)
Figure 0003546609
[0034]
B. About 200 g of a 0.9% by weight saline solution is weighed into a beaker having a water absorption rate of 300 ml. Next, about 1.0 g of the water-absorbing complex is weighed and placed in the above saline solution. Five minutes later, after draining with a 100-mesh sieve, the amount of the filtered saline solution is weighed, and the physiological saline water absorption capacity is determined based on the formula shown in A above, and this is defined as the water absorption rate.
[0035]
C. A micrograph with an average particle diameter of 100 times was taken at any point of the water-absorbing composite, and the major axis and minor axis of the water-absorbing polymer shown therein were measured for each particle. The whole number distribution was determined, and the particle size corresponding to 50% was defined as the average particle size.
[0036]
Example-1
N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide 0.04% by weight (based on monomer) and potassium persulfate 0.44% by weight in a partially neutralized aqueous solution of acrylic acid having a solid content of 40% by weight, in which 70% by mole is neutralized with caustic soda. (To the monomer) was dissolved, and then nitrogen gas was blown to remove dissolved oxygen.
The aqueous monomer solution thus obtained is fed from a nozzle having an inner diameter of 0.1 mm at a linear velocity of 3 m / s in an atmosphere at a relative humidity of 80% and a temperature of 25 ° C., and the monomer is laterally fed to the monomer at a relative humidity of 80% and a temperature of 25 ° C. air fine droplets sprayed at a linear velocity 5 m / s, on a polyester nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 40 g / m 2, the adhesion amount of aqueous monomer solution was set to be 250 g / m 2.
This was placed in an oven heated to 70 ° C. for 20 minutes to carry out polymerization, and then the oven was heated to 110 ° C., heated for 30 minutes, and dried to obtain a water-absorbing composite. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0037]
Example-2
A water-absorbing composite was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the linear velocity of air blown for atomizing the monomer was set to 2.5 m / s. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0038]
Example-3
A method similar to that of Example 1 except that the linear velocity of the air blown to atomize the monomer was set to 10 m / s, the temperature of the oven for polymerization was heated to 80 ° C., and the polymerization was performed for 10 minutes. Thus, a water-absorbing composite was obtained. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0039]
Example-4
A water-absorbing composite was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the temperature of the air blown to atomize the monomer was set to 35 ° C. and the amount of the monomer aqueous solution deposited on the nonwoven fabric was set to 150 g / m 2. Got. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0040]
Example-5
Except that the N 2 of 40% relative humidity gas blown to the monomer fine droplets got absorbent composite in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0041]
Example-6
A water-absorbing composite was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the inner diameter of the nozzle for feeding the monomer was 0.2 mm and the linear velocity was 1.5 m / s. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0042]
Example-7
Same as Example 1 except that the basis weight of the polyester nonwoven fabric was 80 g / m 2 , the monomer was fed using a spray nozzle, and the amount of the aqueous monomer solution on the nonwoven fabric was 200 g / m 2 . A water-absorbing composite was obtained by the method. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0043]
Example-8
A water-absorbing composite was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the polymerization was performed by irradiating an electron beam of 5 Mrad instead of using an oven. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0044]
Example-9
A water-absorbing composite was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that methacrylic acid was used instead of acrylic acid and ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether was used instead of N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0045]
Example -10
A water-absorbing composite was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that caustic potassium was used instead of caustic soda and the solid content concentration was changed to 50% by weight. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0046]
Example-11
A water-absorbing composite was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that potassium hydroxide was used instead of sodium hydroxide and the degree of neutralization was 80% by weight. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0047]
Example-12
0.04% by weight of N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide (based on monomer) was dissolved in an aqueous solution of partially neutralized acrylic acid having a solid content of 40% by weight, which was neutralized with caustic soda at 70% by mole. The solution A was prepared by adding 1.34% by weight (based on monomer) of H 2 O 2 to one side, and the solution B was prepared by adding 0.54% by weight (based on monomer) of L-As to the other side.
Thereafter, nitrogen gas was blown into both the A and B solutions to remove dissolved oxygen.
The aqueous monomer solution thus obtained was placed in an atmosphere at a relative humidity of 80% and a temperature of 25 ° C. at a distance of 4 mm and an angle of 30 ° between the nozzles. The liquids were respectively fed from the nozzles at a linear velocity of 3 m / s, and immediately thereafter, the liquids A and B merged to form a liquid column. 80% RH from the side on the monomer, fine droplets blowing temperature 25 ° C. in air at a linear velocity of 5 m / s, weight per unit area 40 g / deposition amount of the aqueous monomer solution on a polyester nonwoven fabric of m 2 is 250 g / m 2 It was made to become.
Polymerization occurred instantaneously. Further, the temperature of the oven was raised to 110 ° C., the temperature was raised for 30 minutes, and drying was performed to obtain a water-absorbing composite. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0048]
Example-13
A water-absorbing composite was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a nonwoven fabric made of a composite fiber of polypropylene / polyethylene having a basis weight of 100 g / m 2 was used instead of polyester. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0049]
Example-14
In a partially neutralized aqueous solution of acrylic acid having a solid content of 40% by weight and 70% by mole of caustic soda neutralized, 0.05% by weight of N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide (based on monomer) and 1% by weight of sodium persulfate (based on monomer) Monomer), and then dissolved nitrogen was removed by blowing nitrogen gas.
The aqueous monomer solution thus obtained is placed in an atmosphere at a relative humidity of 80% and a temperature of 25 ° C. on a nonwoven fabric made of a composite fiber of polypropylene / polyethylene having a basis weight of 45 g / m 2 so that the amount of the monomer aqueous solution becomes 150 g / m 2. Then, air at a relative humidity of 80% and a temperature of 25 ° C. was sprayed from a lateral direction onto the monomer fed using a spray at a linear velocity of 5 m / s to form fine droplets. This was placed in an oven heated to 70 ° C. for 20 minutes to carry out polymerization. The temperature of the oven was further raised to 100 ° C., and drying was performed under reduced pressure for 30 minutes to obtain a water-absorbing composite. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0050]
Comparative Example-1
A water-absorbing composite was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the monomer after the feed was dropped on the nonwoven fabric without being microdropletized by air. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0051]
Comparative Example-2
A water-absorbing composite was obtained in the same manner as in Example 6, except that the monomer after the feed was dropped on the nonwoven fabric without being atomized by air. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0052]
Comparative Example-3
A water-absorbent composite was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7, except that the monomer after the feed was dropped on the nonwoven fabric without being atomized by air. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0053]
Comparative Example-4
A water-absorbing composite was obtained in the same manner as in Example 12, except that the monomer after the feed was dropped on the nonwoven fabric without being atomized by air. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0054]
Comparative Example-5
A water-absorbing composite was obtained in the same manner as in Example 13 except that the monomer after the feed was dropped on the nonwoven fabric without being atomized by air. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0055]
Comparative Example-6
A water-absorbing composite was obtained in the same manner as in Example 14, except that the monomer after the feed was dropped on the nonwoven fabric without being atomized by air. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0056]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003546609
[0057]
【The invention's effect】
The water-absorbing composite of the present invention has a large surface area per weight of polymer because the water-absorbing polymer on the fibrous base material is fine particles, and can sufficiently exhibit the water-absorbing performance of the polymer as a water-absorbing article. In addition, the texture such as flexibility of the fibrous base material can be converted into an absorbent article without impairing even after the polymer is attached, and it can be preferably used for sanitary articles and medical articles.
In addition, since the polymer is fixed with the fiber firmly wrapped therein, the polymer hardly falls off the fibrous base material even when the polymer swells.

Claims (4)

有機不飽和カルボン酸又はその塩を主成分とする重合性モノマーを含有する水溶液を液滴状ないしは糸状に流出させ、流出した水溶液に気体を吹きつけて水溶液を微滴化させ、微滴化した水溶液を繊維質基材に付着させて重合させることを特徴とする、平均粒径5〜150μmの吸水性ポリマー粒子が繊維質基材に担持されている吸水性複合体の製造方法。An aqueous solution containing a polymerizable monomer containing an organic unsaturated carboxylic acid or a salt thereof as a main component was discharged in the form of droplets or threads, and a gas was blown on the discharged aqueous solution to make the aqueous solution finely-divided and finely-divided. A method for producing a water-absorbing composite in which water- absorbing polymer particles having an average particle size of 5 to 150 μm are supported on a fibrous substrate, wherein the aqueous solution is adhered to the fibrous substrate and polymerized . 繊維質基材に担持されている吸水性ポリマーの平均粒径が20〜100μmであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の製造方法。2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the water-absorbing polymer supported on the fibrous base material has an average particle size of 20 to 100 [mu] m. 繊維質基材に付着する微滴化した水溶液が、レドックス系重合開始剤により重合性モノマーが重合途上にあるものであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の製造方法。3. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the microdroplet-containing aqueous solution adhered to the fibrous base material is one in which a polymerizable monomer is being polymerized by a redox polymerization initiator. 水溶液に吹付ける気体が相対湿度70%以上のものであることを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載の製造方法。The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the gas blown to the aqueous solution has a relative humidity of 70% or more.
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