Deprecated: The each() function is deprecated. This message will be suppressed on further calls in /home/zhenxiangba/zhenxiangba.com/public_html/phproxy-improved-master/index.php on line 456
JP3549261B2 - Apparatus and method for monitoring turbidity of peritoneal dialysis effluent - Google Patents
[go: Go Back, main page]

JP3549261B2 - Apparatus and method for monitoring turbidity of peritoneal dialysis effluent - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for monitoring turbidity of peritoneal dialysis effluent Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP3549261B2
JP3549261B2 JP23342394A JP23342394A JP3549261B2 JP 3549261 B2 JP3549261 B2 JP 3549261B2 JP 23342394 A JP23342394 A JP 23342394A JP 23342394 A JP23342394 A JP 23342394A JP 3549261 B2 JP3549261 B2 JP 3549261B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
light
turbidity
peritoneal dialysis
emitting element
drainage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP23342394A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH0889571A (en
Inventor
武 寿 森
澤 裕 三
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Terumo Corp
Original Assignee
Terumo Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Terumo Corp filed Critical Terumo Corp
Priority to JP23342394A priority Critical patent/JP3549261B2/en
Publication of JPH0889571A publication Critical patent/JPH0889571A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3549261B2 publication Critical patent/JP3549261B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Landscapes

  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
腹膜透析、特に持続的外来腹膜灌流、連続歩行可能腹膜透析(Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, CAPD)時の排液の白濁状態を検出することで、腹膜炎発症の有無を判定する濁度モニタシステム(監視装置)に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
CAPDは腹腔に腹膜灌流液を注入し、注入後は注入に用いたプラスチックバックを巻いて腹巻などに収め、液を4〜8時間と比較的長時間腹腔内に滞留させ、腹膜の半透膜としての性質を用いて腹膜を循環している血液やリンパ液を透析し、所定時間がきたならば排液し、バックを交換し、再び新しい液を注入し、これを反復する方法である。この方法は患者の活動上の制限がなく社会復帰が容易であることから望ましい方法であるが、腹膜炎の併発を常に監視している必要がある。
【0003】
CAPDの排液には、脂質や白血球などが混入することで白濁が生じる。一般に排液中に100個/μl以上の濃度の白血球が存在すれば腹膜炎が発症していることが疑われるので、排液の白濁状態を確実に判断することが必要である。現在は、CAPD終了後排液中の白濁の有無を患者等が目で確認し、万一白濁が生じている時は病院に行って精密検査を受けている。しかし、CAPDを行っている患者には、高齢者や糖尿病により視力の衰えた人がいるため白濁状態の判断が難しく、良否の判定が曖昧となる。
【0004】
また白濁は必ずしも白血球によっておこるものではなく、トリグリセライド等の脂質の混入によってもおこるので白濁の原因を判定することも必要であるが、この判定は患者自身では困難である。腹膜透析時の腹膜炎監視装置としては特公平4−25819号公報が提案されている。これは腹膜からの排液チューブに透過型の濁度検出器を取り付けたものである。一般的な液体の濁度検出の原理は、光を用いた透過型、散乱型などがセンサハンドブック(倍風館)に記載されており、特公平4−25819号公報は透過型の原理を利用したものである。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、この透過型では排液が尿素などで着色されることによる透過光量の変化、また白血球以外の溶質物や析出物、代謝産物による白濁の影響をさけることができないため誤報が発生しやすい。そこで、白濁が生じてもそれが一概に病的なものとは限らないために、その原因を判別し、治療の要・不要を確実に判断する検査装置が望まれている。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の目的は、人の目の代わりとなると同時に、白濁の原因が治療を必要とする病的なものによるのか、すぐには治療を必要としないものによるのかの判定を確実に行うために、散乱光を用いた濁度監視装置を提供しようとするにある。
【0007】
本発明の原理は、白濁の原因となる物質の粒度による光の散乱の角度の分布が、粒径により変化する事を利用したものである。白濁の一原因であり、腹膜炎が生じている場合にCAPD排液中に出現する白血球は直径が20μm前後であるのに対し、脂質であるTG(トリグリセライド)は0.2μmと小さい。そこで、この粒径の違いによる散乱光強度の分布の角度による差を検出して、白濁の定性、定量測定を行いその原因を特定する。
【0008】
すなわち本発明は、以下に述べるような、腹膜透析(CAPD)の排液の濁度を散乱光によって測定することを特徴とする腹膜透析排液の濁度監視装置を提供する。
【0009】
すなわち、腹腔内に貯留後可撓性の光を透過する容器内に排出された腹膜透析(CAPD)の排液の濁度を散乱光によって監視する装置であって、該排液の容器の少なくとも一部を固定し位置決めする凹部と、該凹部の内面に固定されその表面を排液の容器の表面に接する発光素子と、該発光素子の光軸に対向して異なる角度で発光素子からの光を受光するよう設けられる少なくとも2つの受光素子よりなることを特徴とする腹膜透析排液の濁度監視装置を提供する
【0010】
ここで、前記受光素子が、さらに前記発光素子の光軸上にも設けられ、また、前記発光素子および受光素子の表面が凸面であり、その凸面が前記排液の容器の表面を凹面に変形して容器と接するよう設けられるのが良い。
【0011】
また、腹腔内に貯留後排出される腹膜透析(CAPD)の排液の濁度を監視する方法であって、排液に光線をあて、排液内の粒子の粒度による該光線の散乱の程度を測定し、少なくとも2個所の測定値の関係から排液の濁度を定性および/または定量する腹膜透析の排液の濁度を監視する方法を提供する。
【0012】
【作用】
本発明の装置を用いれば、腹膜透析排液の白濁原因物質の定性・定量検出ができその判別が可能となり、誤報の発生がなく腹膜透析(CAPD)時の腹膜炎発症を確実に検出する事が出来る。
以下に図面に示す好適な実施例を用いて本発明を詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの例示に限定されない。
【0013】
【実施例】
図1および図2に本発明の好適な実施例を示す。腹膜透析(CAPD)の排液は、通常プラスチック等の可撓性のバック10(図2)内に排出される。
しかし、本発明はそのような可撓性のバック内に排出される排液のみならず、形状の固定された容器内に排出される排液を測定してもよいし、腹腔カテーテルと透析液バッグとを結ぶチューブ内の排液を測定してもよい。このような場合は、発光素子と受光素子とを排液チューブを挟み込む構造として配置しても良い。
【0014】
可撓性のバックは、通常材質は、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリプロピレンを主材料とするもので厚さ2mm以下の透明なバックを用いる。
排液が可撓性の排液バック10内に排出される場合は、排液バック10の少なくとも一部を固定し位置決めする凹部1を設ける。凹部1は通常半径5〜50mmの半球とする。凹部1の内表面11には、発光素子2である光源と、その光軸に対して異なる角度で少なくとも二つの受光素子4.5が設けられる。一つは例えば光軸に対して20度、もう一つは40度になるように散乱光検出用の受光素子を配置する。また必要により、さらに、発光素子2の光源の光軸上の反対位置に透過光検出用の受光素子3を配置してもよい。
【0015】
また、発光素子、受光素子ともに凹部1の台の内面より突出するように配置するのが好ましい。発光素子、受光素子をこのように配置すると可撓性のバッグ10の外表面が素子の表面の凸部によりおされてへっこみ、素子とバックが光学的に誤差を生じないように接することができるからである。標準液と検量線を用いれば、受光素子は発光素子の光軸に対向して反対側に、光軸とは異なる角度をもって配置されれば1つでもよいが、好ましくは少なくとも2個異なる角度で配置されれば後に説明する差動増幅回路等を用いて演算処理することにより、外乱光の影響やその他の誤差を除くことができる。本実施例では散乱光検出用の受光素子を光軸に対して20度と40度に配置したが、光束の広がり角度、光量により任意に設定することができる。異なる角度は好ましくは光軸から5〜30度の範囲で1個所、30〜50度の範囲で2個所目を配置する。3個所配置する場合は光軸上あるいは20〜40度の範囲になるように配置するのが好ましい。
【0016】
このような構成とすることにより、排液中を通過する光がその中の粒子の大きさによって散乱光強度の空間分布が異なり、散乱光を異なる角度で測定するとその散乱のようすが測定でき、このため排液内の粒子の種類やその量を測定することができる。
【0017】
発光素子の光源は、可視光源・紫外光源であってもよいが、LED(発光ダイオード)または半導体レーザを用いることができる。平行光でもよく、光束を絞ることで光線の広がりをおさえるほうがよい。
受光素子は発光素子に対応してこれらの光を電気信号に変換する光電管、光伝導セル、フォトダイオード、フォトトランジスタ、フォトマル等を使用すればよい。
【0018】
図2に発光素子と透過光、及び2つの異なる角度の散乱光を検出する受光素子からなる検出部拡大図を示す。
ここで、発光素子は半導体レーザ、受光素子はフォトダイオード又はフォトトランジスタであり、光軸上(受光素子3)、角度θ(受光素子4)、そして角度θ(受光素子5)の3ヶ所に配置した。
原理を以下に示す。これは演算処理の1例であるが、他の公知のいかなる比較演算処理法を用いてもよい。
【0019】
受光素子5で検出される散乱光の強度 Iはレーリーの理論式により、
= IOI・f(θ) { ( aNV ) / ( lλ ) } ・・・1)
ここで、aは係数、Nは粒子濃度、Vは粒子体積、lは散乱点から検出器までの距離、λは測定波長、f(θ) は散乱角に依存した強度分布関数となる。また、排液を入れる材料による光吸収・散乱による減衰と外乱光Iを考慮すると、受光素子4で検出される散乱光の強度 Is1は、
s1= I−at ・ f(θ) { ( aNV ) / ( lλ ) }+I ・・・2)
と求められる。散乱角度θとθにおける外乱光がほぼ同じであるとしてこの2点の光強度の差を取ると、

Figure 0003549261
これより、角度を固定した2点での光強度測定を行うことで、粒径の異なる、つまり体積Vの違いを検出することが出来る。さらに、受光素子3で検出される透過光Iは、
【化1】
Figure 0003549261
ここでτは散乱、γは吸収の係数である ・・・4)
となる。よって、式3)と4)より、
【化2】
Figure 0003549261
が得られる。よって、ΔI/Iは粒子濃度Nに依存すると共に、粒子体積Vの判別をすることが出来る。
【0020】
上記の実施例では散乱光と共に透過光を用いるようにしたが、バック材の影響や光源の安定性などにより散乱光のみを用いる方法も使うことが出来る。
図3に検出回路例のブロック図を示す。この検出回路の1例では、角度の異なる位置に配置した受光素子の出力電圧を、差動増幅回路を用いて増幅することで外乱光の影響を取り除く。さらに、演算回路でこの差動出力電圧を透過光の出力電圧で割った値が、予め設定しておいた閾値を超えた時にアラームにより知らせる。この回路は一例であり、各受光素子の出力電圧を取り込んで演算するなど他の方法も使うことが出来る。
【0021】
[排液散乱強度の角度依存性]
(実験1)
図1に示す装置を用いて、白血球濃度970、485、242個/ulで、白血球が混濁した腹膜透析後の実際の排液(実排液)の散乱光強度の角度依存性を測定した。排液は厚さ0.3mmのポリ塩化ビニル樹脂製の透明バック中に入れ測定した。
凹部は半径30mmの半球とし、発光素子は光路が半球の直径を通るように配置し、受光素子はその光路から20、30、40、50、70、90°、の各位置に配置した。発光素子から波長640nmのレーザー光を出力し、レンズを用いて球の中心に焦点を結ぶようにした。受光はフォトトランジスタ(各測定角度の差、Δθ=±10°)を用いた。それぞれの受光位置の光軸からの角度を横軸にとり、受光した出力電圧を縦軸にとり結果を図4に示した。図4の結果から、角度20°では出力電圧が白血球濃度に顕著に依存して変化したが、角度が90°に近づくにつれて出力電圧の濃度依存性が減少した。
【0022】
(実験2)
図1に示す装置を用いて、正常排液、トリグリセライド混濁、トリグリセライド強混濁の腹膜透析後の実際の排液の散乱光強度の角度依存性を実験1と同様に測定した。
結果を図5に示した。図5の結果から正常排液の散乱光強度は、角度20〜40°で角度にわずかに依存するが40°以上では角度には依存しない。一方TGが混濁してくると全角度に渡って散乱光強度の角度依存がみられ、TGの混濁が高いほど出力電圧が高いことがわかり、また、白血球とトリグリセライドの散乱光強度の角度依存性が異なっていることがわかる。
【0023】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、CAPD排液の腹膜炎以外の原因による白濁や尿素などによる着色の影響を取り除いて白濁を定性・定量的に測定することが可能となり、これらの原因による誤報の発生をなくして腹膜透析排液の濁度の監視をすることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の腹膜透析排液の濁度監視装置を説明する斜視図である。
【図2】本発明の腹膜透析排液の濁度監視装置を説明する要部拡大断面図である。
【図3】本発明の腹膜透析排液の濁度監視装置の検出回路側のブロック図である。
【図4】実排液散乱光強度の角度依存性を示すグラフである。
【図5】TG(トリグリセライド)混濁液の散乱光強度角度依存性を示すグラフである。
【符号の説明】
1 凹部
2 発光素子
3 受光素子
4 受光素子
5 受光素子
6 発光素子表面
7 受光素子表面
9 排液
10 排液バッグ
11 凹部内表面[0001]
[Industrial applications]
A turbidity monitor system (monitoring device) that determines the presence or absence of peritonitis by detecting the white turbid state of the drainage during peritoneal dialysis, particularly continuous ambulatory peritoneal perfusion, and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) ).
[0002]
[Prior art]
CAPD injects a peritoneal perfusate into the peritoneal cavity, wraps the plastic bag used for the injection into the abdominal wrap, etc., and allows the solution to stay in the peritoneal cavity for a relatively long time of 4 to 8 hours. This is a method in which blood or lymph circulating in the peritoneum is dialyzed by using the characteristic described above, drained when a predetermined time has elapsed, the bag is replaced, a new liquid is injected again, and this is repeated. This method is desirable because there is no restriction on the patient's activity and rehabilitation is easy, but it is necessary to constantly monitor the concurrent occurrence of peritonitis.
[0003]
The effluent of CAPD becomes cloudy due to contamination of lipids, leukocytes, and the like. Generally, if white blood cells having a concentration of 100 cells / μl or more are present in the drainage, it is suspected that peritonitis has developed, so it is necessary to reliably determine the white turbid state of the drainage. At present, after CAPD is completed, the patient or the like visually checks for the presence or absence of cloudiness in the drainage, and if cloudiness occurs, goes to a hospital and undergoes a detailed examination. However, among patients undergoing CAPD, it is difficult to determine the cloudy state because there are elderly people and people whose vision has deteriorated due to diabetes, and the determination of quality is unclear.
[0004]
In addition, it is necessary to determine the cause of the cloudiness because the cloudiness is not necessarily caused by the white blood cells but also by the incorporation of lipids such as triglyceride, but this determination is difficult for the patient himself. Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-25819 has been proposed as a peritonitis monitoring device during peritoneal dialysis. In this example, a transmission type turbidity detector was attached to a drainage tube from the peritoneum. The principle of detecting the turbidity of liquid in general is described in the Sensor Handbook (Baifukan) in transmission type and scattering type using light, and Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-25819 uses the transmission type principle. It was done.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in this transmission type, false information is likely to occur because changes in the amount of transmitted light due to coloring of the effluent with urea or the like, and the effects of solutes, precipitates, and metabolites other than leukocytes cannot be avoided. Therefore, even if white turbidity occurs, it is not always pathological. Therefore, there is a demand for an inspection apparatus that determines the cause and reliably determines whether or not treatment is necessary.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The object of the present invention is to replace the eyes of the human and at the same time to reliably determine whether the cause of cloudiness is a pathological one requiring treatment or one not requiring treatment immediately. And a turbidity monitoring device using scattered light.
[0007]
The principle of the present invention utilizes the fact that the distribution of the angle of light scattering due to the particle size of a substance causing white turbidity changes with the particle size. Leukocytes that appear in CAPD drainage when peritonitis is a cause of cloudiness are around 20 μm in diameter, whereas TG (triglyceride), which is a lipid, is as small as 0.2 μm. Therefore, a difference due to the angle of the distribution of the scattered light intensity due to the difference in particle diameter is detected, and qualitative and quantitative measurement of the cloudiness is performed to identify the cause.
[0008]
That is, the present invention provides an apparatus for monitoring turbidity of peritoneal dialysis effluent characterized by measuring the turbidity of peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) effluent by scattered light as described below .
[0009]
That is , it is a device that monitors the turbidity of the drainage of peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) discharged into a container that transmits flexible light after being stored in the abdominal cavity by scattered light. A concave part for fixing and positioning a part, a light emitting element fixed to the inner surface of the concave part and having its surface in contact with the surface of the drainage container, and light from the light emitting element at different angles facing the optical axis of the light emitting element A turbidity monitoring device for peritoneal dialysis effluent, comprising at least two light receiving elements provided to receive the turbidity.
[0010]
Here, the light receiving element is further provided on the optical axis of the light emitting element, and the surfaces of the light emitting element and the light receiving element are convex, and the convex deforms the surface of the drainage container into a concave surface. It is good to be provided so that it may contact with a container.
[0011]
A method for monitoring the turbidity of the drainage of peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) discharged after being stored in the abdominal cavity, wherein a light beam is applied to the drainage fluid and the degree of scattering of the light beam due to the particle size of the particles in the drainage fluid. And a method for monitoring the turbidity of the peritoneal dialysis effluent, wherein the turbidity of the peritoneal dialysis is qualitatively and / or quantitatively determined from the relationship between the measured values of at least two points.
[0012]
[Action]
By using the apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to qualitatively and quantitatively detect the substance causing white turbidity in peritoneal dialysis effluent, and to determine the qualitatively. I can do it.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0013]
【Example】
1 and 2 show a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The drainage of peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is drained into a flexible bag 10, typically plastic (FIG. 2).
However, the present invention may measure not only the drainage discharged into such a flexible bag, but also the drainage discharged into a fixed container having a shape, and a peritoneal catheter and a dialysate. The drainage in the tube connecting the bag may be measured. In such a case, the light emitting element and the light receiving element may be arranged so as to sandwich the drain tube.
[0014]
The flexible bag is usually made of polyvinyl chloride or polypropylene as a main material, and a transparent bag having a thickness of 2 mm or less is used.
When the drainage is discharged into the flexible drainage bag 10, a concave portion 1 for fixing and positioning at least a part of the drainage bag 10 is provided. The recess 1 is usually a hemisphere having a radius of 5 to 50 mm. On the inner surface 11 of the concave portion 1, a light source as the light emitting element 2 and at least two light receiving elements 4.5 are provided at different angles with respect to the optical axis. For example, a light receiving element for detecting scattered light is arranged so that one is at 20 degrees to the optical axis and the other is at 40 degrees, for example. If necessary, a light receiving element 3 for detecting transmitted light may be arranged at a position opposite to the light source of the light emitting element 2 on the optical axis.
[0015]
Further, it is preferable that both the light emitting element and the light receiving element are arranged so as to protrude from the inner surface of the base of the concave portion 1. When the light emitting element and the light receiving element are arranged in this manner, the outer surface of the flexible bag 10 is dented by the convex portion of the element surface, so that the element and the back come into contact with each other without causing an optical error. Because it can be. If a standard solution and a calibration curve are used, the light-receiving element may be arranged on the opposite side to the optical axis of the light-emitting element on the opposite side at an angle different from the optical axis, but preferably at least two at different angles. If they are arranged, the effects of disturbance light and other errors can be eliminated by performing arithmetic processing using a differential amplifier circuit or the like described later. In the present embodiment, the light receiving elements for detecting the scattered light are arranged at 20 degrees and 40 degrees with respect to the optical axis, but they can be set arbitrarily according to the spread angle of the light beam and the light amount. The different angles are preferably arranged at one position within a range of 5 to 30 degrees from the optical axis and at a second position within a range of 30 to 50 degrees. In the case of three locations, it is preferable to place them on the optical axis or in the range of 20 to 40 degrees.
[0016]
With such a configuration, the light passing through the drainage has a different spatial distribution of scattered light intensity depending on the size of the particles therein, and when the scattered light is measured at different angles, the appearance of the scattered light can be measured, Therefore, the type and amount of the particles in the drainage can be measured.
[0017]
The light source of the light emitting element may be a visible light source or an ultraviolet light source, but an LED (light emitting diode) or a semiconductor laser can be used. It may be parallel light, and it is better to reduce the spread of the light beam by narrowing the light beam.
As the light receiving element, a photoelectric tube, a photoconductive cell, a photodiode, a phototransistor, a photomultiplier, or the like that converts these lights into an electric signal corresponding to the light emitting element may be used.
[0018]
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a detection unit including a light emitting element, a transmitted light, and a light receiving element that detects scattered light at two different angles.
Here, the light emitting element is a semiconductor laser, the light receiving element is a photodiode or phototransistor, on the optical axis (light-receiving element 3), the angle theta 1 (light-receiving element 4), and the angle theta 2 3 places of (light-receiving element 5) Was placed.
The principle is shown below. This is an example of the arithmetic processing, but any other known comparison arithmetic processing method may be used.
[0019]
Intensity I s of the scattered light detected by the light receiving element 5 by Rayleigh theory formula,
I s = I OI · f ( θ) {(aNV 2) / (l 2 λ 4)} ··· 1)
Here, a is a coefficient, N is the particle concentration, V is the particle volume, l is the distance from the scattering point to the detector, λ is the measurement wavelength, and f (θ) is an intensity distribution function depending on the scattering angle. In consideration of attenuation and disturbance light I P due to light absorption and scattering by materials contain drainage, strength I s1 of the scattered light detected by the light receiving element 4,
I s1 = I O e -at · f (θ) {(aNV 2) / (l 2 λ 4)} + I P ··· 2)
Is required. Assuming that the disturbance light at the scattering angles θ 1 and θ 2 is substantially the same, and taking the difference between the light intensities at these two points,
Figure 0003549261
Thus, by measuring the light intensity at two fixed angles, it is possible to detect a difference in particle size, that is, a difference in volume V. Further, transmitted light I t detected by the light receiving element 3,
Embedded image
Figure 0003549261
Where τ is the coefficient of scattering and γ is the coefficient of absorption ... 4)
It becomes. Therefore, from equations 3) and 4),
Embedded image
Figure 0003549261
Is obtained. Thus, [Delta] I / I t is with depends on the particle concentration N, it is possible to discrimination of particle volume V.
[0020]
In the above embodiment, the transmitted light is used together with the scattered light. However, a method using only the scattered light can also be used due to the influence of the backing material and the stability of the light source.
FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of an example of the detection circuit. In one example of this detection circuit, the influence of disturbance light is removed by amplifying the output voltages of the light receiving elements arranged at different angles using a differential amplifier circuit. Further, the arithmetic circuit notifies an alarm when a value obtained by dividing the differential output voltage by the output voltage of the transmitted light exceeds a preset threshold value. This circuit is an example, and other methods such as calculating by taking in the output voltage of each light receiving element can be used.
[0021]
[Angle dependence of wastewater scattering intensity]
(Experiment 1)
Using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, the angle dependence of the scattered light intensity of the actual effluent (permanent effluent) after peritoneal dialysis in which leukocytes were turbid was measured at leukocyte concentrations of 970, 485, and 242 cells / ul. The drainage was measured in a transparent bag made of a polyvinyl chloride resin having a thickness of 0.3 mm.
The concave portion was a hemisphere with a radius of 30 mm, the light emitting element was arranged so that the optical path passed through the diameter of the hemisphere, and the light receiving element was arranged at each position of 20, 30, 40, 50, 70, 90 ° from the optical path. A laser beam having a wavelength of 640 nm was output from the light emitting element, and the lens was focused on the center of the sphere. Light was received using a phototransistor (difference in measurement angles, Δθ = ± 10 °). The horizontal axis represents the angle of each light receiving position from the optical axis, and the vertical axis represents the received output voltage. The results are shown in FIG. From the results in FIG. 4, it was found that at an angle of 20 °, the output voltage changed significantly depending on the leukocyte concentration, but as the angle approached 90 °, the concentration dependence of the output voltage decreased.
[0022]
(Experiment 2)
Using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, the angle dependence of the scattered light intensity of the actual effluent after peritoneal dialysis of normal effluent, triglyceride turbidity, and triglyceride strongly opaque was measured in the same manner as in Experiment 1.
The results are shown in FIG. From the results shown in FIG. 5, the scattered light intensity of the normal drainage slightly depends on the angle at an angle of 20 to 40 °, but does not depend on the angle above 40 °. On the other hand, when the TG becomes opaque, the angle dependence of the scattered light intensity is observed over all angles, and the higher the turbidity of the TG, the higher the output voltage is. Are different.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to qualitatively and quantitatively measure white turbidity by eliminating the effects of white turbidity due to causes other than peritonitis of the CAPD drainage and coloring due to urea, etc. The turbidity of the drainage can be monitored.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a turbidity monitoring device for peritoneal dialysis effluent of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part for explaining a turbidity monitoring device for peritoneal dialysis effluent of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the detection circuit side of the turbidity monitoring device for peritoneal dialysis effluent of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the angle dependence of the actual wastewater scattered light intensity.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the scattered light intensity angle dependence of a TG (triglyceride) turbid solution.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 recess 2 light emitting element 3 light receiving element 4 light receiving element 5 light receiving element 6 light emitting element surface 7 light receiving element surface 9 drainage 10 drainage bag 11 inner surface of recess

Claims (3)

腹腔内に貯留後、可撓性の光を透過する容器内に排出された腹膜透析(CAPD)の排液の濁度を散乱光によって監視する装置であって、該排液の容器の少なくとも一部を固定し位置決めする凹部と、該凹部の内面に固定されその表面を排液の容器の表面に接する発光素子と、該発光素子の光軸に対向して異なる角度で発光素子からの光を受光するよう設けられる少なくとも2つの受光素子よりなることを特徴とする腹膜透析排液の濁度監視装置。 A device for monitoring the turbidity of peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) effluent discharged into a flexible light-transmitting container by scattered light after being stored in the abdominal cavity, wherein at least one of the effluent containers is provided. A concave portion for fixing and positioning the portion, a light emitting element fixed to the inner surface of the concave portion, the surface of which is in contact with the surface of the drainage container, and light from the light emitting element at different angles facing the optical axis of the light emitting element. An apparatus for monitoring turbidity of peritoneal dialysis effluent, comprising at least two light receiving elements provided to receive light . 前記受光素子が、さらに前記発光素子の光軸上にも設けられる請求項1記載の腹膜透析排液の濁度監視装置。The turbidity monitoring device for peritoneal dialysis drainage according to claim 1, wherein the light receiving element is further provided on an optical axis of the light emitting element. 前記発光素子および受光素子の表面が凸面であり、その凸面が前記排液の容器の表面を凹面に変形して容器と接するよう設けられる請求項1に記載の腹膜透析排液の濁度監視装置。The turbidity monitoring device for peritoneal dialysis effluent according to claim 1, wherein the light emitting element and the light receiving element have convex surfaces, and the convex surfaces are provided so that the surface of the drainage container is deformed into a concave surface and comes into contact with the container. .
JP23342394A 1994-09-28 1994-09-28 Apparatus and method for monitoring turbidity of peritoneal dialysis effluent Expired - Fee Related JP3549261B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP23342394A JP3549261B2 (en) 1994-09-28 1994-09-28 Apparatus and method for monitoring turbidity of peritoneal dialysis effluent

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP23342394A JP3549261B2 (en) 1994-09-28 1994-09-28 Apparatus and method for monitoring turbidity of peritoneal dialysis effluent

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH0889571A JPH0889571A (en) 1996-04-09
JP3549261B2 true JP3549261B2 (en) 2004-08-04

Family

ID=16954829

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP23342394A Expired - Fee Related JP3549261B2 (en) 1994-09-28 1994-09-28 Apparatus and method for monitoring turbidity of peritoneal dialysis effluent

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3549261B2 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2024517605A (en) * 2021-04-15 2024-04-23 アワック テクノロジーズ プライベート リミテッド Device for detecting infection from peritoneal dialysis

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7935070B2 (en) 2005-01-28 2011-05-03 Fresenius Medical Care North America Systems and methods for dextrose containing peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions with neutral pH and reduced glucose degradation product
US8728023B2 (en) 2006-07-27 2014-05-20 Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. Apparatus and methods for early stage peritonitis detection including self-cleaning effluent chamber
US8801652B2 (en) 2006-07-27 2014-08-12 Fresenius Medical Care Holding, Inc. Early stage peritonitis detection apparatus and methods
US8777891B2 (en) 2006-07-27 2014-07-15 Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. Apparatus and methods for early stage peritonitis detection and for in vivo testing of bodily fluid
US9585810B2 (en) 2010-10-14 2017-03-07 Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. Systems and methods for delivery of peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions with integrated inter-chamber diffuser
WO2018142406A1 (en) * 2017-02-01 2018-08-09 Liberdi Ltd. Smart peritoneal dialysis device
US12214113B2 (en) 2016-02-01 2025-02-04 Liberdi Ltd. Dialysis system pump with connector
CN110507422A (en) * 2019-09-10 2019-11-29 苏州爱力想电子科技有限公司 The pallet of peritoneal dialysis electronic scale

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2024517605A (en) * 2021-04-15 2024-04-23 アワック テクノロジーズ プライベート リミテッド Device for detecting infection from peritoneal dialysis

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0889571A (en) 1996-04-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US9194792B2 (en) Blood chamber for an optical blood monitoring system
JP3692116B2 (en) Subcutaneous specimen sensor
JP3698732B2 (en) Erythrocyte outflow detection technology
JPH0257239A (en) Probe for optical sensor
JP6470565B2 (en) Infrared reflective air in-line sensor system
US8654318B2 (en) Cassette-based method and apparatus for measuring the presence and concentration of pharmaceutical substances in a medical fluid
JP3659726B2 (en) Automatic peritoneal dialysis device with turbidity measurement function and circuit for peritoneal dialysis
US8517968B2 (en) Shrouded sensor clip assembly and blood chamber for an optical blood monitoring system
JP3549261B2 (en) Apparatus and method for monitoring turbidity of peritoneal dialysis effluent
CA2935203C (en) Self calibrating blood chamber
WO2003052393A1 (en) Ammonia and ammonium sensors
RU2703639C2 (en) Device for photoplethysmography
JP2006510902A (en) Method and apparatus for blood measurement
JP3716024B2 (en) Apparatus and method for measuring turbidity of peritoneal dialysis drainage
US20240009363A1 (en) Peritonitis sensors, including peritonitis sensors for automated peritoneal dialysis systems, and associated systems, devices, and methods
JP7535170B2 (en) Measuring particle density in a tube
JPH0898882A (en) Excreted fluid m0nitor device in peritoneal dialysis
EP4078138B1 (en) A cell counter and diagnostic device
EP0467804A1 (en) Optical detector for equipment for measuring a substance in a liquid
JP3002562U (en) Capacitance type drip end detection and notification device
US20240325615A1 (en) System featuring optical and electrical sensors for characterizing effluent from a peritoneal dialysis patient
KR102735328B1 (en) Device for simultaneous measurement of urine flowmetry and urine chemistry using optics
CN121605303A (en) Cell counter and diagnostic device
JPH0425819B2 (en)
HK40083555A (en) A cell counter and diagnostic device

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20040406

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20040420

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20080430

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090430

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090430

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100430

Year of fee payment: 6

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100430

Year of fee payment: 6

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110430

Year of fee payment: 7

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120430

Year of fee payment: 8

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120430

Year of fee payment: 8

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130430

Year of fee payment: 9

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130430

Year of fee payment: 9

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20140430

Year of fee payment: 10

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees