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JP3549765B2 - Fuel cell separator and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents
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JP3549765B2 - Fuel cell separator and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Fuel cell separator and method of manufacturing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3549765B2
JP3549765B2 JP09309599A JP9309599A JP3549765B2 JP 3549765 B2 JP3549765 B2 JP 3549765B2 JP 09309599 A JP09309599 A JP 09309599A JP 9309599 A JP9309599 A JP 9309599A JP 3549765 B2 JP3549765 B2 JP 3549765B2
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Prior art keywords
expanded graphite
graphite powder
fuel cell
separator
flat plate
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JP2000285931A (en
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満起 白石
光雄 山本
昭 浅野
剛 稲垣
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Nichias Corp
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Nichias Corp
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/02Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of carbon, e.g. graphite

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、燃料電池用セパレータ及びその作製方法に関する。特に膨張黒鉛を原料として用いた燃料電池セパレータ及びその作製方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
燃料電池は、複数の単位セルを数十〜数百個直接に重ねて所定の電圧を得ている。
【0003】
単位セルは、例えば固体高分子型の燃料電池であれば、固体高分子膜を境にして、アノード側に水素ガスやメタノールガス(燃料ガスと称される)が流れ、カソード側に酸素ガスや空気(酸化剤と称される)が流れる。
【0004】
単位セルの概略は、最も基本的な構造の場合、セパレータ/アノード電極/触媒膜/固体高分子膜/触媒膜/カソード電極という構成を有している。ここでは詳述しないが、この構造を基本としてその他数々のバリエーション構造がある。
【0005】
この構成の中で特にセパレータに関して高度な技術が要求されている。具体的には、
(1)高い導電性。
(2)腐食性電解質に対する耐性。
(3)ガスを分離するための気密性。
(4)強度。
(5)複雑な形状を形成するための成形性。
(6)低コスト性。
(7)耐膨潤性(水やリン酸液に浸しても膨潤しないもの)。
(8)耐熱性(反応時の発熱に耐えるもの)。
といった要求事項を同時に満足することが要求される。
【0006】
上記要求を満足する材料として膨張黒鉛が知られており、膨張黒鉛粉を所定の型に充填し、加圧圧縮してセパレータを作製することが行われている。
【0007】
例えば、図5(A)に示すように、メス型32に膨張黒鉛粉33を充填し、これを、複数の凸部31aを備える押し型(オス型)31でもって圧縮成形することで、図5(B)に示すように、複数の山部35が平板部36上に形成された断面凹凸状の膨張黒鉛からなるセパレータ34が得られる。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記セパレータ34は、凹凸部の山部35で密度が低く、谷部36aで密度が高いものとなってしまう。これは、成形に際して、オス型31の凸部31a間に膨張黒鉛粉33が押し込まれ、凸部31aの頂部の平面で膨張黒鉛粉をメス型32に押し付けるため、セパレータ34の山部35においては空隙が存在し易くなり、谷部36aにおいては膨張黒鉛粒33が潰れて扁平になり高密度となるためである。
【0009】
このような状態では、山部35が脆くなって強度不足となり、割れや変形が発生し易いものとなってしまう。
【0010】
燃料電池は多数のセルが積層される構造を有しており、セパレータ34にはその厚み方向、即ち山部35の高さ方向に大きな圧力が加わる。
【0011】
従って、山部35の強度が弱いと、積層時の圧力を受けてそこに割れが発生したり、変形したり、応力が緩和されて接触抵抗が増大したりするなどの問題が発生する。
【0012】
セパレータ34に割れが発生することは、ガスを分離する能力を低下させることになり好ましくない。即ち、セパレータ34の気密性が低下し、ガスがセパレータ34を透過してしまうことになるので好ましくない。
【0013】
また、山部35の変形は、ガスや反応で生じた水の流路が狭められ、ガスや水の流れが妨げられることになるのでやはり好ましくない。さらに、セパレータ34の接触抵抗が高くなることは、燃料電池自体の内部抵抗が高くなることにつながりやはり好ましくない。
【0014】
上記の問題は膨張黒鉛粉の流動性の低さにも起因しており、この問題を緩和するために樹脂バインダーを配合する方法があるが、さして効果がないのが現状である。
【0015】
本発明はこのような状況に鑑みてなされたものであり、膨張黒鉛からなる燃料電池用のセパレータの山部の密度を高め、強度や電気特性、伝熱特性に優れた燃料電池用セパレータを提供することを目的とする。
【0016】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、燃料電池用セパレータの山部と谷部に対応させて膨張黒鉛粉を含む原料の充填を行い、各々独立に成形することにより、最終的に得られる成型品の密度が各部で均一となるようにしたものである。
【0017】
即ち、本発明は、平板部と該平板部の表面に形成された凸状部とを有し、前記凸状部によって表面に凹凸形状が形成された断面構造を有する燃料電池用セパレータの作製方法であって、凹凸形状に対応した型に膨張黒鉛粉を含む原料の充填を行う工程と、前記型に充填された原料を加圧圧縮する工程とを有し、前記充填を行う工程は、凹凸形状の山部ではその長手方向に沿って1次元的に配向している膨張黒鉛粉が多く、谷部においてはその平面方向に沿って2次元的に配向している膨張黒鉛粉が多くなるように充填を行い、前記加圧圧縮する工程は、凹凸形状の山部と谷部とで独立に行うことを特徴とする燃料電池用セパレータの作製方法である。
【0018】
また、本発明は、平板部と該平板部の表面に形成された凸状部とを有し、前記凸状部によって表面に凹凸形状が形成された断面構造を有する燃料電池用セパレータであって、構成材料として膨張黒鉛を含み、前記凸状部においてはその長手方向に沿って1次元的に配向している膨張黒鉛粉が多く、前記平板部においてはその平面方向に沿って2次元的に配向している膨張黒鉛粉が多く、かつ、前記凸状部における膨張黒鉛の平均粒径が前記平板部における膨張黒鉛の平均粒径よりも小さく、前記凸状部においてはその高さ方向における電気伝導率及び熱伝導率が他の方向に比較して大きく、前記平板部においてはその平面方向における電気伝導率及び熱伝導率が平均化されていることを特徴とする燃料電池用セパレータである。
【0019】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明に関して図面を参照して詳細に説明する。
図1は本発明の燃料電池用セパレータを示す斜視図(a) 及び(a) のAA断面図(b) であり、図2はその作製方法を説明するための工程図であり、図3は作製に使用される成形型の一例を示す斜視図である。
【0020】
図1に示されるように、本発明に係る燃料電池用セパレータ109は、平板部110の一方の表面に凸状に突出した山部111が形成された断面構造を有し、この山部111により凹凸形状を表面に有したものであり、その形状自体は従来のセパレータと同様である。
【0021】
上記セパレータ109は図2(A)〜(D)に示す工程に従って作製される。尚、各図は図1(a)のAA断面に沿って示してある。作製には、図3に示す成形型を用いる、この成形型は、平板部110に対応する枠体からなる型104と、山部111に対応して複数の深いスリット状の開口が形成された角柱状の型101とを用いる。また,平板部用の型104には充填状態を良好にするために充填用格子106が挿通される。
【0022】
これらの型101.104はメス型であり、それぞれの内部に膨張黒鉛粉が充填され、それぞれと対をなす押し型(オス型)107,103によって加圧圧縮が行われる。型104に対応する押し型107は、平板部110と同一形状の平面を有する。また、型101に対応する押し型103は、型101の開口を挿通可能な平板が複数立設しており、断面略櫛状を呈する。
【0023】
セパレータ109の作製は、上記の成形型を用いて、先ず図2(A)に示すように山部111用の型101に、その開口底部を押し型103の先端で閉鎖した状態で膨張黒鉛粉102を充填する。
【0024】
次いで、図2(B)に示すように平板部110用の型104を設置し、膨張黒鉛粉105を充填して押し型107を載置する。
【0025】
尚、上記において膨張黒鉛粉は単独使用の他に、フェノール樹脂やエポキシ樹脂等のバインダーを20重量%程度配合してもよい。更に、他の導伝性材料や補強用フィラー等を適量配合してもよい。
【0026】
次いで、図2(C)に示すように押し型103,107を所定の圧力で押し込み膨張黒鉛粉102,105を所定厚みとなるように圧縮する。この圧縮により、平板部110と山部111とが一体に成形され、図2(D)に示すようにセパレータの予備成形体108が得られる。尚、この予備成形は、例えば100kgf/cm程度の圧力で行う。
【0027】
そして、得られた予備成形体108を所定の型に装填して本成形を行うことにより、本発明の燃料電池用セパレータ109が完成する。尚、この本成形は、例えば50〜1000kgf/cm、120〜300℃の条件で行う。
【0028】
得られたセパレータ109は、図4に模式的に示すように、その山部111においては膨張黒鉛粒102はその長軸が山部111の長手方向に沿って1次元的に配向しており、平板部110においては膨張黒鉛粒105はその長軸が平板部110の平面に沿って2次元的にランダムな方向を向いた状態となっている。膨張黒鉛粉は略針状の粉末であり、その長軸方向における電気伝導率及び熱伝導率がその短軸(径)方向におけるそれよりも格段に小さい(電気伝導率では約1/1000倍、熱伝導率で約1/100倍程度)。従って、山部111においてはその高さ方向(セパレータの厚さ方向)における電気伝導率及び熱伝導率が他の方向に比較して大きくなり、平板部110においては、その垂直方向(厚さ方向)における電気伝導率及び熱伝導率が他の方向に比較して大きくなるとともに、その平面方向における電気伝導率及び熱伝導率は平均化されたものとなる。
また、膨張黒鉛粒の粒径については、山部111の膨張黒鉛粒102の方が平板部110の膨張黒鉛粒105よりも平均して小さくなる。
【0029】
上記のような状態は、以下の理由によるものと考えられる。
膨張黒鉛粉は、揮発分が10〜15%の酸処理黒鉛を1000℃程度の高温で処理して2〜5mm程度に膨張させたものであり、略針状の粉末である。尚、本発明においては、この膨張黒鉛粉を目開き0.84〜0.177mmメッシュにより篩分けしたもの(嵩密度7〜100kg/cm)を用いることが好ましい。一般に燃料電池用セパレータの山部111の幅は1〜5mm程度で、隣接する山部との間隔も1〜5mm程度である。従って、成形用の型101のスリット状の開口の幅も1〜5mm程度となり、図2(A)において、膨張黒鉛粉102はその長軸が型101内では開口の長手方向(図中、スリットの延在方向)に沿って1次元的に配向するように充填され、一方図2(B) においては、膨張黒鉛粉105はその長軸が押し型107の平面方向に2次元的にランダムな方向を向いた状態で充填される。
【0030】
そして、図2(C)において上記の充填状態を保ったまま加圧圧縮される。その際、型101内では押し型103のストロークが長くなるので、膨張黒鉛粉102はその長軸に沿って押し潰つぶされる割合が高くなり、平均的に粒が小さくなる。その結果、セパレータ109の山部111では膨張黒鉛粒102が高密度化されて強度が高まり、また膨張黒鉛粒102の長軸が山部111の長手方向に1次元的に配向するので、山部111の高さ方向における電気伝導率及び熱伝導率が高くなる。
【0031】
他方、型104内では、その平面方向に膨張黒鉛粉105の長軸が2次元的にランダムに配向しており、そのままの状態で成形される。また、押し型107のストロークも短い。従って、セパレータ109の平板部110では、膨張黒鉛粉105は加圧圧縮の際に粉砕されにくく、またその垂直方向における電気伝導率及び熱伝導率が高くなる。更に、型104内では、その平面方向に膨張黒鉛粉105の長軸が2次元的にランダムに配向しているので、平板部110の平面方向における電気伝導率及び熱伝導率は平均化されたものとなる。
【0032】
上記のように、膨張黒鉛粉は、その長軸方向における電気伝導率が短軸方向に比べて約1/1000倍で、熱伝導率が約1/100倍程度である。
しかし、本発明においては、単結晶構造ではなく、また完全に配向している訳ではないので、上記ほどの異方性配向とはならないが、電気伝導度の異方性は1/10〜1/100倍程度の違い、熱伝導率の異方性は1/2〜1/10倍程度の違いとなる。尚、この異方性は成型時の条件によって変化する。
【0033】
【作用】
以上のように,本発明によれば、膨張黒鉛粉の充填を個別に行える型を用い、加圧圧縮をそれぞれ独立に行うことで、山部111の密度が高められて平板部110との密度差が無くなり、均質で、電気導電率及び熱伝導率が高いセパレータが得られる。
【0034】
また、山部111において、その厚さ方向における電気伝導率と熱伝導率とが他の方向に比較して大きいことは、セパレータ109の体積抵抗(厚さ方向の抵抗)を低減させることに寄与する。また、発電電流の損失やそれによる発熱を抑えることに寄与する。更に、山部111の強度が高いことから、気密性にも優れる。
【0035】
また、平板部110において、面方向における電気伝導率及び熱伝導率が平均化されていることは、面方向における発電のための反応ムラを抑制することに寄与する。更に、平板部110においては、面方向に膨張黒鉛粒が配向しているので、ピンホール等の存在が少なく、気密性を維持する上で有利となる。しかも、クラックが発生しにくい構造にもなり、セパレータ109に柔軟性を付与する点でも効果がある。
【0036】
【実施例】
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明を更に説明する。
膨張黒鉛粉体80重量%とフェノール樹脂粉末20重量%とを混合した原料を用い、図3に示す成形型を用いて図2(A)〜(C)に従って100kgf/cmで予備成形を行い、図2(E)に示す予備成形体を作製した。次いで、200kgf/cm、180℃で本成形を行いセパレータを作製した(実施例)。セパレータの寸法は、平板部は厚さが0.5mmで、山部の長手方向に沿う一辺が100mm、それと直交直行する方向の一辺が100mmであり、山部は高さ1.5mm、幅1.5mmで、山部の間隔は1.5mmである。
【0037】
また、同一原料を用いて,図5に示す従来の方法に従い圧縮圧力300kgf/cmで予備成形を行い、その後200kgf/cm、180℃で本成形を行ってセパレータを作製した(比較例)。
【0038】
得られた各セパレータについて、表1に示すような物性値が得られた。表1から明らかなように、比較例のセパレータでは山部の密度が小さくなってしまうが、実施例のセパレータではそのようなことはなく、密度を均一なものにできる。
【0039】
また、実施例のセパレータは比較例のセパレータに比べてガス透過性が低く、また初期変形量や水中での500時間後のクリープ量も小さいことが分かる。
【0040】
【表1】

Figure 0003549765
【0041】
以上、本発明に関して説明してきたが、本発明は種々の変更が可能である。
例えば,山部と平板部との充填密度を独立に調整することができるので、原材料やその配合の違いによる流動性の影響を考慮した充填が可能である。
【0042】
また、山部と谷部への充填密度を独立に調整することができることを利用することで、燃料電池用セパレータの山部と谷部とにおいて、個別に充填密度(最終状態における原料の密度)を設定することもできる。例えば、セパレータ全体において充填密度を均一にする場合のみではなく、故意に山部と谷部とで最終的な充填密度を異ならせることができる。
【0043】
更に、ここでは燃料電池用セパレータとして、一方の面に凹凸が形成された構造のものを示したが、両面に凹凸構造を有するものを作製することもできる。また、凹凸の形状も本実施の形態で示すもの以外に対応することもできる。
【0044】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、密度が均一で、電気伝導率や熱伝導率に優れ、また強度も高く、気密性にも優れた膨張黒鉛粉を成形してなるセパレータを得ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】(A) は本発明の燃料電池用セパレータを示す斜視図であり、(b) は (a)のAA断面図である。
【図2】図1に示す燃料電池用セパレータを作製する工程を示す図である。
【図3】図2に示す工程で使用される成形型の一例を示す斜視図である。
【図4】本発明により得られた燃料電池用セパレータの構造を示す模式図である。
【図5】従来技術における燃料電池用セパレータの作製工程を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
101 メス型
102 メス型101に充填された原料粉末
103 オス形
104 メス型
105 メス型104に充填された原料粉末
106 充填用格子
107 オス型
108 予備成形体
109 燃料電池用セパレータ
110 平板部
111 山部[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fuel cell separator and a method for manufacturing the same. In particular, the present invention relates to a fuel cell separator using expanded graphite as a raw material and a method for manufacturing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In a fuel cell, a predetermined voltage is obtained by directly stacking tens to hundreds of unit cells.
[0003]
For example, in the case of a solid polymer type fuel cell, a unit cell is formed by flowing hydrogen gas or methanol gas (referred to as fuel gas) to the anode side and oxygen gas or Air (referred to as oxidant) flows.
[0004]
In the case of the most basic structure, the unit cell has a structure of a separator / anode electrode / catalyst film / solid polymer film / catalyst film / cathode electrode. Although not described in detail here, there are many other variations based on this structure.
[0005]
In this configuration, a high technology is required particularly for the separator. In particular,
(1) High conductivity.
(2) Resistance to corrosive electrolytes.
(3) Hermeticity for separating gas.
(4) Strength.
(5) Formability for forming a complicated shape.
(6) Low cost.
(7) Swelling resistance (one that does not swell even when immersed in water or a phosphoric acid solution).
(8) Heat resistance (resistant to heat generated during reaction).
Are required to be satisfied at the same time.
[0006]
Expanded graphite is known as a material that satisfies the above requirements, and a method of filling a predetermined mold with expanded graphite powder and compressing under pressure to produce a separator is performed.
[0007]
For example, as shown in FIG. 5 (A), a female mold 32 is filled with expanded graphite powder 33, and this is compression-molded using a press mold (male mold) 31 having a plurality of convex portions 31a. As shown in FIG. 5B, a separator 34 made of expanded graphite having a plurality of peaks 35 formed on a flat plate portion 36 and having an uneven cross section is obtained.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The separator 34 has a low density at the peaks 35 of the concave and convex portions and a high density at the valleys 36a. This is because, at the time of molding, the expanded graphite powder 33 is pushed between the projections 31a of the male mold 31 and the expanded graphite powder is pressed against the female mold 32 on the plane of the top of the projection 31a. This is because voids are likely to be present, and the expanded graphite particles 33 are crushed and flattened at the valleys 36a to increase the density.
[0009]
In such a state, the peak 35 becomes brittle and the strength is insufficient, so that cracks and deformation are likely to occur.
[0010]
The fuel cell has a structure in which many cells are stacked, and a large pressure is applied to the separator 34 in its thickness direction, that is, in the height direction of the peak 35.
[0011]
Therefore, if the strength of the peaks 35 is low, problems occur such as cracks being generated thereunder due to the pressure at the time of lamination, deformation, stress being relaxed, and contact resistance being increased.
[0012]
The occurrence of cracks in the separator 34 is not preferable because it lowers the ability to separate gas. That is, the airtightness of the separator 34 is reduced, and the gas passes through the separator 34, which is not preferable.
[0013]
In addition, the deformation of the peak 35 is not preferable because the flow path of the gas or the water generated by the reaction is narrowed and the flow of the gas or the water is hindered. Furthermore, an increase in the contact resistance of the separator 34 is not preferable because it leads to an increase in the internal resistance of the fuel cell itself.
[0014]
The above problem is also caused by the low fluidity of the expanded graphite powder, and there is a method of compounding a resin binder in order to alleviate this problem, but at present it is not effective.
[0015]
The present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and provides a fuel cell separator which is made of expanded graphite, has a higher density of ridges of the fuel cell separator, and has excellent strength, electrical characteristics, and heat transfer characteristics. The purpose is to do.
[0016]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention fills a raw material including expanded graphite powder in correspondence with peaks and valleys of a fuel cell separator and independently molds them so that the density of a finally obtained molded product is uniform in each part. It is made to become.
[0017]
That is, the present invention relates to a method for producing a fuel cell separator having a flat plate portion and a convex portion formed on the surface of the flat plate portion, and having a cross-sectional structure in which the convex portion has an uneven shape on the surface. The step of filling a raw material containing expanded graphite powder in a mold corresponding to the uneven shape, and a step of pressing and compressing the raw material filled in the mold, the step of filling the In the crest of the shape, the expanded graphite powder oriented one-dimensionally along the longitudinal direction is large, and in the valley, the expanded graphite powder oriented two-dimensionally along the planar direction is increased. And the step of compressing under pressure is performed independently at the peaks and valleys of the uneven shape, and is a method for producing a fuel cell separator.
[0018]
Further, the present invention is a fuel cell separator comprising a flat plate portion and a convex portion formed on a surface of the flat plate portion, and having a cross-sectional structure in which the convex portion has an uneven shape on the surface. In addition, expanded graphite powder is included as a constituent material, and in the convex portion, there are many expanded graphite powders one-dimensionally oriented along the longitudinal direction, and in the flat portion, two-dimensionally expanded in the planar direction. and many, expanded graphite powder is oriented in the average particle size of the expanded graphite powder in the convex portion is smaller than the average particle size of the expanded graphite powder in the flat plate portion, the height at the convex portion A fuel cell separator, wherein the electric conductivity and the heat conductivity in the direction are larger than those in the other directions, and the electric conductivity and the heat conductivity in the plane direction are averaged in the flat plate portion. It is.
[0019]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view (a) showing the fuel cell separator of the present invention, and FIG. 2 (b) is a sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 2 (a). FIG. 2 is a process diagram for explaining a manufacturing method thereof. It is a perspective view which shows an example of the shaping | molding die used for manufacture.
[0020]
As shown in FIG. 1, the fuel cell separator 109 according to the present invention has a cross-sectional structure in which a protruding ridge 111 is formed on one surface of a flat plate portion 110. It has an uneven shape on the surface, and the shape itself is the same as a conventional separator.
[0021]
The separator 109 is manufactured according to the steps shown in FIGS. Each drawing is shown along the AA section of FIG. A mold shown in FIG. 3 is used for the fabrication. In this mold, a mold 104 composed of a frame corresponding to the flat plate portion 110 and a plurality of deep slit-shaped openings corresponding to the peaks 111 are formed. A prism-shaped mold 101 is used. A filling grid 106 is inserted through the flat plate mold 104 to improve the filling state.
[0022]
These dies 101 and 104 are female dies, each of which is filled with expanded graphite powder, and pressurized and compressed by press dies (male dies) 107 and 103 that make a pair with each other. The pressing die 107 corresponding to the die 104 has a flat surface having the same shape as the flat plate portion 110. The pressing die 103 corresponding to the die 101 has a plurality of flat plates that can be inserted through the opening of the die 101, and has a substantially comb-shaped cross section.
[0023]
The separator 109 is manufactured by using the above-mentioned mold, first, as shown in FIG. 2 (A), into a mold 101 for the crest 111, with the bottom of the opening closed by the tip of the press mold 103, and the expanded graphite powder. Fill 102.
[0024]
Next, as shown in FIG. 2 (B), a mold 104 for the flat plate portion 110 is installed, filled with expanded graphite powder 105, and a pressing mold 107 is placed.
[0025]
In the above, in addition to the use of the expanded graphite powder alone, a binder such as a phenol resin or an epoxy resin may be blended at about 20% by weight. Further, other conductive materials, reinforcing fillers and the like may be blended in appropriate amounts.
[0026]
Next, as shown in FIG. 2C, the pressing dies 103 and 107 are pressed at a predetermined pressure to compress the expanded graphite powders 102 and 105 to have a predetermined thickness. By this compression, the flat plate portion 110 and the peak portion 111 are integrally formed, and a preformed body 108 of the separator is obtained as shown in FIG. The preforming is performed at a pressure of, for example, about 100 kgf / cm 2 .
[0027]
Then, the obtained preformed body 108 is loaded into a predetermined mold, and the main forming is performed, whereby the fuel cell separator 109 of the present invention is completed. In addition, this main shaping | molding is performed on conditions of 50-1000 kgf / cm < 2 > and 120-300 degreeC, for example.
[0028]
In the obtained separator 109, as schematically shown in FIG. 4, the expanded graphite grains 102 in the crest 111 are one-dimensionally oriented with the major axis thereof along the longitudinal direction of the crest 111. In the flat plate portion 110, the expanded graphite particles 105 are in a state where the major axis thereof is two-dimensionally oriented in a random direction along the plane of the flat plate portion 110. Expanded graphite powder is a substantially acicular powder, and its electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity in the major axis direction are much smaller than those in its minor axis (diameter) direction (about 1/1000 times the electrical conductivity, About 1/100 times in thermal conductivity). Therefore, the electrical conductivity and the thermal conductivity in the height direction (the thickness direction of the separator) in the peak portion 111 are larger than those in the other directions, and in the flat portion 110, the vertical direction (the thickness direction). The electrical conductivity and the thermal conductivity in ()) are larger than those in other directions, and the electrical conductivity and the thermal conductivity in the plane direction are averaged.
Regarding the particle size of the expanded graphite particles, the expanded graphite particles 102 in the peak portion 111 are smaller on average than the expanded graphite particles 105 in the flat plate portion 110.
[0029]
The above state is considered to be due to the following reasons.
The expanded graphite powder is obtained by treating acid-treated graphite having a volatile content of 10 to 15% at a high temperature of about 1000 ° C. and expanding to about 2 to 5 mm, and is a substantially needle-shaped powder. In the present invention, it is preferable to use the expanded graphite powder sieved with a mesh having a mesh size of 0.84 to 0.177 mm (bulk density: 7 to 100 kg / cm 3 ). Generally, the width of the peak 111 of the fuel cell separator is about 1 to 5 mm, and the interval between adjacent peaks is also about 1 to 5 mm. Therefore, the width of the slit-shaped opening of the molding die 101 is also about 1 to 5 mm, and in FIG. 2A, the major axis of the expanded graphite powder 102 is in the longitudinal direction of the opening in the die 101 (slit in the drawing). 2 (B), the expanded graphite powder 105 has a major axis that is two-dimensionally random in the plane direction of the pressing mold 107. It is filled in a state facing the direction.
[0030]
Then, in FIG. 2 (C), it is pressurized and compressed while maintaining the above-mentioned filling state. At that time, since the stroke of the pressing die 103 becomes longer in the die 101, the ratio of the expanded graphite powder 102 crushed along the major axis becomes higher, and the average particle size becomes smaller. As a result, in the peaks 111 of the separator 109, the density of the expanded graphite particles 102 is increased to increase the strength, and the major axis of the expanded graphite particles 102 is one-dimensionally oriented in the longitudinal direction of the peaks 111. The electrical conductivity and the thermal conductivity in the height direction of 111 increase.
[0031]
On the other hand, in the mold 104, the major axis of the expanded graphite powder 105 is two-dimensionally randomly oriented in the plane direction, and is molded as it is. Further, the stroke of the press die 107 is also short. Therefore, in the flat plate portion 110 of the separator 109, the expanded graphite powder 105 is hardly pulverized at the time of pressurization and compression, and the electrical conductivity and the thermal conductivity in the vertical direction are increased. Further, in the mold 104, the major axis of the expanded graphite powder 105 is randomly oriented two-dimensionally in the plane direction, so that the electric conductivity and the thermal conductivity in the plane direction of the flat plate portion 110 are averaged. It will be.
[0032]
As described above, the expanded graphite powder has an electrical conductivity in the major axis direction of about 1/1000 times and a thermal conductivity of about 1/100 times in the minor axis direction.
However, in the present invention, since it is not a single crystal structure and is not completely oriented, it does not have the anisotropic orientation as described above. The difference of about 100 times and the anisotropy of the thermal conductivity is about 1/2 to 1/10 times. This anisotropy changes depending on the conditions at the time of molding.
[0033]
[Action]
As described above, according to the present invention, the density of the crests 111 is increased and the density of the flat portions 110 is increased by using the mold capable of individually filling the expanded graphite powder and performing the compression independently. The difference is eliminated, and a homogenous separator having high electric conductivity and high heat conductivity can be obtained.
[0034]
Further, the fact that the electric conductivity and the thermal conductivity in the thickness direction of the peak 111 are larger than those in other directions contributes to reducing the volume resistance (resistance in the thickness direction) of the separator 109. I do. In addition, it contributes to suppressing the loss of the generated current and the resulting heat generation. Further, since the strength of the peak portion 111 is high, the airtightness is also excellent.
[0035]
Further, in the flat plate portion 110, the averaged electric conductivity and thermal conductivity in the plane direction contribute to suppression of reaction unevenness for power generation in the plane direction. Furthermore, since the expanded graphite grains are oriented in the plane direction in the flat plate portion 110, there are few pinholes and the like, which is advantageous in maintaining airtightness. In addition, the structure is less prone to cracks, which is effective in imparting flexibility to the separator 109.
[0036]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be further described with reference to examples.
Using a raw material obtained by mixing 80% by weight of expanded graphite powder and 20% by weight of phenol resin powder, preforming was performed at 100 kgf / cm 2 according to FIGS. 2A to 2C using a mold shown in FIG. A preform shown in FIG. 2 (E) was produced. Next, the main molding was performed at 200 kgf / cm 2 and 180 ° C. to produce a separator (Example). The dimensions of the separator are as follows: the flat portion has a thickness of 0.5 mm, one side along the longitudinal direction of the crest is 100 mm, and one side in a direction perpendicular to the flat portion is 100 mm, and the crest has a height of 1.5 mm and a width of 1 mm. 0.5 mm, and the interval between the peaks is 1.5 mm.
[0037]
Further, using the same raw material, pre-forming was performed at a compression pressure of 300 kgf / cm 2 according to the conventional method shown in FIG. 5 and then main-forming was performed at 200 kgf / cm 2 at 180 ° C. to produce a separator (Comparative Example). .
[0038]
Physical properties as shown in Table 1 were obtained for each of the obtained separators. As is evident from Table 1, the density of the peaks is reduced in the separator of the comparative example, but this is not the case in the separator of the example, and the density can be made uniform.
[0039]
Further, it can be seen that the separator of the example has lower gas permeability than the separator of the comparative example, and the initial deformation and the creep after 500 hours in water.
[0040]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003549765
[0041]
Although the present invention has been described above, the present invention can be variously modified.
For example, since the packing density of the peak portion and the flat plate portion can be adjusted independently, it is possible to perform filling in consideration of the influence of fluidity due to differences in raw materials and their blending.
[0042]
In addition, by utilizing the fact that the packing density in the peaks and valleys can be independently adjusted, the packing density (density of the raw material in the final state) is separately obtained in the peaks and valleys of the fuel cell separator. Can also be set. For example, not only the case where the packing density is made uniform throughout the separator, but also the final packing density can be intentionally made different between the peaks and the valleys.
[0043]
Further, although a fuel cell separator having a structure in which unevenness is formed on one surface is shown here, a separator having an uneven structure on both surfaces can also be manufactured. In addition, the shape of the unevenness can be other than that shown in this embodiment.
[0044]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a separator formed by molding expanded graphite powder having a uniform density, excellent electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, high strength, and excellent airtightness. Can be.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1A is a perspective view showing a fuel cell separator of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG.
FIG. 2 is a view showing a process of producing the fuel cell separator shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an example of a molding die used in the step shown in FIG.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a fuel cell separator obtained according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a view showing a manufacturing process of a fuel cell separator according to a conventional technique.
[Explanation of symbols]
101 Female mold 102 Raw material powder filled in female mold 103 Male form 104 Female form 105 Raw material powder filled in female form 104 Filling grid 107 Male form 108 Preformed body 109 Fuel cell separator 110 Flat plate portion 111 Mountain Department

Claims (3)

平板部と該平板部の表面に形成された凸状部とを有し、前記凸状部によって表面に凹凸形状が形成された断面構造を有する燃料電池用セパレータの作製方法であって、
凹凸形状に対応した型に膨張黒鉛粉を含む原料の充填を行う工程と、
前記型に充填された原料を加圧圧縮する工程と、
を有し、
前記充填を行う工程は、凹凸形状の山部ではその長手方向に沿って1次元的に配向している膨張黒鉛粉が多く、谷部においてはその平面方向に沿って2次元的に配向している膨張黒鉛粉が多くなるように充填を行い
前記加圧圧縮する工程は、凹凸形状の山部と谷部とで独立に行うことを特徴とする燃料電池用セパレータの作製方法。
A method for producing a fuel cell separator having a flat plate portion and a convex portion formed on the surface of the flat plate portion, and having a cross-sectional structure in which an uneven shape is formed on the surface by the convex portion,
A step of filling a raw material containing expanded graphite powder in a mold corresponding to the uneven shape,
Pressurizing and compressing the raw material filled in the mold,
Has,
In the step of performing the filling, the expanded graphite powder that is oriented one-dimensionally along the longitudinal direction is large in the concave and convex ridges, and the expanded graphite powder is two-dimensionally oriented along the planar direction in the valleys. Filling to increase the amount of expanded graphite powder
The method of manufacturing a separator for a fuel cell, wherein the step of pressurizing and compressing is performed independently at the peaks and valleys of the uneven shape.
山部に対する加圧圧縮用の押し型と、谷部に対する加圧圧縮用の押し型とを用いることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池用セパレータの作製方法。A push-type for pressurized compressed against the mountain portion, a manufacturing method of separators for a fuel cell according to claim 1 which comprises using a pressing die for pressurized compression for valley. 平板部と該平板部の表面に形成された凸状部とを有し、前記凸状部によって表面に凹凸形状が形成された断面構造を有する燃料電池用セパレータであって、
構成材料として膨張黒鉛粉を含み、
前記凸状部においてはその長手方向に沿って1次元的に配向している膨張黒鉛粉が多く、前記平板部においてはその平面方向に沿って2次元的に配向している膨張黒鉛粉が多く、かつ、
前記凸状部における膨張黒鉛粉の平均粒径が前記平板部における膨張黒鉛粉の平均粒径よりも小さく、
前記凸状部においてはその高さ方向における電気伝導率及び熱伝導率が他の方向に比較して大きく、
前記平板部においてはその平面方向における電気伝導率及び熱伝導率が平均化されていることを特徴とする燃料電池用セパレータ
A fuel cell separator having a flat plate portion and a convex portion formed on the surface of the flat plate portion, and having a cross-sectional structure in which an uneven shape is formed on the surface by the convex portion,
Contains expanded graphite powder as a constituent material,
In the convex portion, expanded graphite powder oriented one-dimensionally along the longitudinal direction is large, and in the flat portion, expanded graphite powder oriented two-dimensionally in the planar direction is large. ,And,
The average particle size of the expanded graphite powder in the convex portion is smaller than the average particle size of the expanded graphite powder in the flat plate portion,
In the convex portion, the electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity in the height direction are larger than those in other directions,
The separator for a fuel cell, wherein electric conductivity and heat conductivity in a plane direction of the flat plate portion are averaged .
JP09309599A 1999-03-31 1999-03-31 Fuel cell separator and method of manufacturing the same Expired - Fee Related JP3549765B2 (en)

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