JP3549835B2 - Waste solidified fuel manufacturing method and apparatus - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing a solidified fuel by molding combustibles obtained by treating general waste such as municipal solid waste, industrial waste, and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a technology for producing a solidified fuel from waste, for example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-150158, after crushing, drying, and sorting garbage, the obtained combustible material is put into a disk-shaped die molding machine. A method and an apparatus for performing compression molding using frictional heat generated by a disk-shaped die molding machine are disclosed.
Also, for example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-38614, in order to adjust dust before entering the briquette machine to a temperature suitable for molding, preheating the dried dust using a part of the hot air exhaust gas from the drying step, A method is disclosed in which dried refuse having a temperature suitable for molding is charged into a briquette machine to solidify it.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the method and apparatus described in JP-A-7-150158, when the operation of the molding machine is started, the inside temperature of the molding machine is around room temperature, so that the material having a high softening point in the garbage passes through the die without softening. Has a problem that the frictional resistance is large, the load on the electric motor is increased, the operation is stopped, and dust is blocked in the molding machine and is not discharged. In addition, there is a problem that the inside temperature (atmospheric temperature) cannot be controlled during the steady operation. In particular, when heat is generated due to excessive friction, the operation of the molding machine has to be stopped, and it is impossible to control by lowering the internal temperature.
[0004]
Further, in the method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 9-38614, the drying exhaust gas is not mixed with the outside air, and the preheating of the dried garbage depends on the drying exhaust gas temperature. is there. Further, when heat is generated due to excessive friction, it is impossible to cool the inside of the molding machine and control the temperature. Further, since the waste gas itself is heated by introducing the dried exhaust gas into the storage hopper, there is a problem that moisture evaporated in the storage hopper is dewed or heat is released when the dry waste is put into the briquette machine.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described points, and an object of the present invention is to form a part of the dry exhaust gas from the drying step or a part of the dry exhaust gas and the outside air when forming the waste into a solidified fuel. By introducing gas into the molding machine and preheating the part in contact with the refuse in the molding machine to a temperature suitable for molding the solidified fuel and molding, the frictional resistance in the molding machine is reduced and the solidified fuel can be prevented from being clogged. In addition, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for producing a solidified waste fuel capable of reducing required power.
Further, an object of the present invention is to maintain a portion in contact with the refuse in the molding machine at an optimal temperature for molding the solidified fuel by enabling an arbitrary adjustment of a mixing ratio between the dry exhaust gas introduced into the molding machine and the outside air. Even if the temperature in the molding machine exceeds the temperature suitable for molding, it is possible to provide a waste solidified fuel production method and apparatus capable of increasing the dilution ratio with outside air and cooling to the optimum temperature. is there.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a method for producing a solidified waste fuel of the present invention includes a step of drying a waste, and a method for producing a solidified fuel in which a dried waste is molded by a molding machine. A part of the dry exhaust gas from the process is mixed with the outside air as necessary and introduced into the molding machine, and the temperature of the part in contact with the waste in the molding machine is preheated or cooled to a temperature suitable for molding the solidified fuel. It is configured.
Further, the method of the present invention is a method for producing a solidified fuel in which a crushed waste is dried to remove unsuitable combustion and molded by a molding machine, and a part of the dried exhaust gas used for drying the waste is optionally used. It is characterized in that it is mixed with outside air and introduced into a molding machine, and preheated or cooled to a temperature suitable for molding a solidified fuel at a portion in contact with waste in the molding machine.
[0007]
In the above method of the present invention, the mixing ratio between a part of the dry exhaust gas introduced into the molding machine and the outside air is controlled to maintain the part in contact with the waste in the molding machine at a temperature suitable for molding the solidified fuel. Is preferred.
Further, in the method of the present invention, the temperature of the portion in contact with the waste in the molding machine is detected, and when the temperature of the portion reaches a temperature suitable for solidified fuel molding, the introduction of the drying exhaust gas is stopped, and the drying is stopped. It is preferable to start charging the waste into the molding machine.
Further, in the method of the present invention, the temperature of a portion in contact with the waste in the molding machine is detected, and when the temperature of the portion exceeds a temperature suitable for solidified fuel molding, the dried exhaust gas diluted with the outside air or only the outside air is detected. It is preferable to introduce into a molding machine and cool a portion in contact with the waste in the molding machine to an optimum temperature.
[0008]
Further, in the method of the present invention, the portion in contact with the waste in the molding machine can be preheated with the drying exhaust gas, and the clogging that has adhered and remained during the previous molding can be removed.
Further, in these methods of the present invention, a part of the drying exhaust gas can be mixed with the outside air as required and introduced into the molding machine, and the part in contact with the waste in the molding machine can be directly preheated or cooled. .
Further, in the method of the present invention, at least one of a part of the hot air exhaust gas used for drying the waste and a part of the exhaust gas after thermal decomposition and deodorization of the hot air exhaust gas is used as a part of the drying exhaust gas. It is preferable to introduce this into the molding machine, or to introduce a part of the hot air used for drying the waste into the molding machine in addition to a part of the drying exhaust gas.
In addition, the temperature of the part in contact with the waste in the molding machine is detected, and when the temperature of the part exceeds the temperature suitable for solidified fuel molding, instead of introducing dry exhaust gas or outside air diluted with outside air to the molding machine, Alternatively, the operation of the molding machine may be stopped, and the part in contact with the waste in the molding machine may be cooled.
[0009]
The waste solidified fuel production apparatus of the present invention includes a primary crusher for primary crushing of waste, a dryer for drying primary crushed waste with hot air, and an aluminum separator for removing aluminum from the dried waste. Machine, a magnetic separator for removing iron from the waste by magnetism, a wind separator for removing incombustibles from the waste by using wind power, and a secondary separator for the dried waste from which these combustion unsuitable substances have been removed. A waste solidified fuel production device including a secondary crusher for crushing and a molding machine for forming a combustible material after the secondary crushing to form a solid fuel, wherein the drying exhaust gas discharged from the dryer The pipe of the processing system or / and the pipe of the hot air introduced into the dryer is branched and connected to the molding machine, and the pipe for introducing the outside air is connected to the branch pipe to contact the waste in the molding machine. Temperature for molding solidified fuel It is characterized in that to be able to preheat or cool the temperature.
[0010]
In the above-described apparatus of the present invention, the treatment system for the dried exhaust gas is configured to include a dust collector for removing dust from the dried exhaust gas, and the exhaust gas piping before branching into the dust collector and / or after passing through the dust collector is branched. Can be connected to the molding machine.
Further, in the above-described apparatus of the present invention, the drying exhaust gas treatment system includes a deodorizing furnace for thermally deodorizing and drying the dried exhaust gas, and a pipe for the exhaust gas thermally deodorized and deodorized in the deodorizing furnace is branched to a molding machine. Can be connected.
Further, in these apparatuses of the present invention, a temperature sensor is installed near a portion in contact with the waste in the molding machine, and based on the actually measured temperature of the temperature sensor, the measured temperature is maintained at a set temperature. It is preferable to control the amount of dry exhaust gas and / or the amount of outside air to be introduced by dampers provided in these pipes.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described. However, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and can be implemented with appropriate modifications. FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an apparatus for carrying out a method for producing a solidified waste fuel according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As an example of the solidified fuel production system, general waste (hereinafter referred to as “garbage”) is subjected to bag breaking and relatively large crushing in the primary crusher 10, and the primary crushed garbage is dried in the dryer 12. It is thrown. In the dryer 12, dust is dried by hot air sent from the hot air generator 14. The refuse dried by the dryer 12 is sent to the next sorting step. That is, for example, after the aluminum is removed from the dried refuse by the aluminum separator 16, iron is removed by magnetism in the magnetic separator 18, and incombustibles (glass, Earth and sand) is removed. In this way, the dried refuse from which unsuitable materials for combustion have been removed and which has become only combustibles is crushed by the secondary crusher 22 to a particle size suitable for molding. The crushed dried refuse is mixed with an additive (for example, slaked lime or quick lime) for preventing decay or the like (a mixer is not shown), and then is input into the molding machine 24.
[0012]
On the other hand, the exhaust gas of the hot air used for drying in the dryer 12 (hereinafter, referred to as “dry exhaust gas”) is, as an example, after dust is removed by the dust collector 26, and then sent to the heat exchanger 30 via the exhaust fan 28. Introduced here, it is indirectly heat-exchanged with the high-temperature exhaust gas after the thermal decomposition and deodorization to be preheated, and the preheated dry exhaust gas is thermally decomposed and deodorized in the deodorizing furnace 32 by the high-temperature hot air from the hot air generator 34. The dried exhaust gas decomposed and deodorized by the heat is cooled by heat exchange in the heat exchanger 30 and then discharged out of the system.
In the present embodiment, a configuration is adopted in which the dried exhaust gas is partially extracted from a pipe in the middle of the above processing system and introduced into the molding machine 24. That is, for example, the pipe 36 before the dust collector 26 (upstream side) is branched, and a part of the drying exhaust gas is introduced into the molding machine 24 from the branch pipe 38, or the pipe 40 downstream of the dust collector 26 is branched. A part of the drying exhaust gas is introduced from the branch pipe 42 into the molding machine 24. Further, a pipe 44 for sending hot air from the hot air generator 14 to the dryer 12 may be branched, and a part of the hot air may be introduced into the molding machine 24 from the branch pipe 46. Further, a pipe 48 for discharging the dried exhaust gas after the thermal decomposition and deodorization may be branched, and a part of the deodorized exhaust gas may be introduced from the branch pipe 50 into the molding machine 24. In the case of a configuration in which adsorption deodorization using activated carbon or the like is performed instead of thermal decomposition deodorization, it is not appropriate to use dried exhaust gas after deodorization. 52, 54, 56, 58 are flow rate adjusting means.
[0013]
The above-mentioned branch pipes 38, 42, 46, 50 are connected to an outside air introduction pipe 62 via a pipe 60, and the pipe 60 and the outside air introduction pipe 62 are provided with flow control dampers 64, 66, respectively. Dry exhaust gas is introduced into the molding machine 24 from at least one of the branch pipes 38, 42, 46, and 50. The dry exhaust gas is diluted with outside air from the outside air introduction pipe 62 to adjust the temperature as needed. Thereby, the temperature of the part in contact with the dust in the molding machine 24 is preheated or cooled to a temperature suitable for molding the solidified fuel. In addition, a temperature sensor is installed near a portion of the molding machine 24 that comes into contact with dust, and the measured temperature maintains a set temperature (optimal temperature for forming solidified fuel) based on the measured temperature of the temperature sensor. Thus, the flow rate control dampers 64 and 66 are controlled by the temperature instruction control means 68 to adjust the amount of dry exhaust gas, the amount of outside air, and the mixing ratio thereof.
[0014]
For example, when the temperature of the part in contact with the dust in the molding machine 24 is equal to or lower than the temperature suitable for solidification fuel molding, a part of the dry exhaust gas (for example, about 110 to 130 ° C.) discharged from the dryer 12 is branched into a pipe. 38 and / or withdrawn from the branch pipe 42, introduced into the molding machine 24 without dilution with the outside air, and brought into contact with the refuse in the molding machine to a temperature (for example, about 80 to 120 ° C.) suitable for molding the solidified fuel. Preheat. Also, when the operation of the molding machine 24 is started, for example, the drying exhaust gas after the higher temperature pyrolysis deodorization and the hot air from the hot air generator 14 may be partially extracted and introduced into the molding machine 24 first. . After the temperature of the portion in contact with the dust in the molding machine 24 reaches a temperature suitable for molding, the supply of the dried dust to the molding machine 24 is started, and the introduction of the dry exhaust gas is stopped. When the temperature of the part in contact with the dust in the molding machine 24 exceeds the temperature suitable for solidification fuel molding, the mixing ratio of the outside air to the dry exhaust gas is increased, and this mixed gas (in some cases, only the outside air) is used. To cool the portion of the molding machine 24 that comes into contact with dust to an optimum temperature. The dilution ratio by the outside air can be determined based on the measured temperature of the temperature sensor installed near the part in the molding machine 24 that comes into contact with the dust. It should be noted that control may be performed such that the operation of the molding machine 24 is stopped when the measured temperature of the temperature sensor exceeds the set temperature.
[0015]
In the embodiment of the present invention, the type and the like of the molding machine 24 are not particularly limited. For example, a ring-die extrusion molding machine including a ring-shaped die and a roller, and a ring-shaped extrusion molding machine including a disk-shaped die and a roller When manufacturing RDF (garbage solidified fuel) from municipal waste such as municipal waste using a disk die extruder, etc., the drying exhaust gas is directly introduced when the molding machine starts up, and the dies and rollers are introduced. Since the plastics in the waste are softened by the preheating, the frictional resistance when the waste passes through the die is reduced, and the RDF is not blocked. In this case, it is possible to easily extrude even if there is a fixed substance remaining on the die during the previous molding. Further, the frictional resistance when the waste passes through the dice is reduced, so that the load on the motor is reduced and the required power is reduced. It is preferable that the drying exhaust gas (and the outside air) be directly introduced into the molding machine 24. However, it is also possible to adopt a configuration in which the molding machine 24 has a jacket structure or the like and indirectly preheats and cools. . When a temperature sensor is installed in the molding machine 24, for example, in a ring-die extruder, a disk-die extruder, etc., the temperature sensor may be installed at a shaft portion of a rotating roller, a central portion of a disc, or the like. It is possible.
[0016]
Further, in the present embodiment, the mixing ratio between the dry exhaust gas introduced into the molding machine 24 and the outside air can be arbitrarily changed, so that the temperature inside the molding machine 24 can be maintained at an optimum value for molding. Therefore, for example, even if heat is generated due to excessive friction, the dilution ratio by the outside air can be increased to cool to the optimum temperature.
The crayon-like solidified fuel (RDF in this case) extruded from the molding machine 24 is air-dried and cooled by the cooler 70 as an example, and then is made into a product RDF. Further, as an example, the exhaust gas from the cooler 70 is sent to a deodorizing device 76 via an exhaust fan 74 after dust is removed by a dust collector 72, where it is deodorized and then discharged out of the system. .
The present embodiment can be similarly implemented when another molding machine such as a briquette machine or a screw molding machine is used as the molding machine 24. Further, the present invention can be applied to not only the case where RDF is manufactured from general waste but also the case where RPF is manufactured from industrial waste (eg, waste plastic).
[0017]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention is configured as described above, and has the following effects.
(1) A part of the drying exhaust gas or a mixed gas of the drying exhaust gas and the outside air is introduced into the molding machine, and the part in contact with the waste in the molding machine is preheated to a temperature suitable for molding the solidified fuel. In addition, the frictional resistance in the molding machine is reduced, the blockage of the solidified fuel can be prevented, and the load on the electric motor can be reduced to reduce the required power.
(2) Since the mixing ratio between the dry exhaust gas introduced into the molding machine and the outside air can be arbitrarily changed, the portion in contact with the waste in the molding machine can be maintained at an optimum temperature for molding the solidified fuel, Even when the temperature inside the molding machine exceeds the temperature suitable for molding, it is possible to increase the dilution ratio with the outside air and cool it to the optimum temperature.
(3) While the molding machine is preheated by using the drying exhaust gas from the drying process, the waste discharged from the drying process is sorted, crushed, etc., without stopping the operation of the device. Since the waste can be supplied to the preheated molding machine, the operation efficiency of the apparatus is good without wasting time.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a systematic schematic configuration explanatory view showing an apparatus for implementing a method for producing a solidified waste fuel according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Primary crusher 12 Dryer 14, 34 Hot air generator 16 Aluminum separator 18 Magnetic separator 20 Wind separator 22 Secondary crusher 24 Molding machine 26, 72 Dust collector 28, 74 Air blower 30 Heat exchanger 32 Deodorizing furnace 36, 40, 44, 48, 60 Pipes 38, 42, 46, 50 Branch pipes 52, 54, 56, 58 Flow rate adjusting means 62 External air introduction pipes 64, 66 Flow rate control damper 68 Temperature instruction control means 70 Cooler 76 Deodorizing device

Claims (13)

In a solidified fuel production method that includes a step of drying the waste and molding the waste after drying with a molding machine, a part of the dry exhaust gas from the drying step is mixed with outside air as necessary to form the molding machine. A method for producing a solidified waste fuel, comprising introducing and preheating or cooling a temperature of a portion in contact with waste in a molding machine to a temperature suitable for molding a solidified fuel. In a solidified fuel production method in which crushed waste is dried to remove unsuitable materials for combustion and molded by a molding machine, a part of the dried exhaust gas used for drying the waste is mixed with outside air as necessary, and the mixture is fed to the molding machine. A method for producing a solidified waste fuel, comprising introducing and preheating or cooling a temperature of a portion in contact with waste in a molding machine to a temperature suitable for molding a solidified fuel. The waste according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a mixing ratio between a part of the dry exhaust gas introduced into the molding machine and the outside air is controlled to maintain a part in contact with the waste in the molding machine at a temperature suitable for molding the solidified fuel. Solidified fuel production method. The temperature of the part in contact with the waste in the molding machine is detected, and when the temperature of the part reaches a temperature suitable for solidification fuel molding, the introduction of the drying exhaust gas is stopped, and the introduction of the dry waste into the molding machine is started. The method for producing a solidified waste fuel according to claim 1, 2 or 3. The temperature of the part in contact with the waste in the molding machine is detected, and when the temperature of the part exceeds the temperature suitable for solidification fuel molding, only the dry exhaust gas diluted with the outside air or the outside air is introduced into the molding machine, and the disposal in the molding machine is performed. The method for producing a solidified waste fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a portion in contact with the object is cooled to an optimum temperature. The method for producing a solidified waste fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a portion in contact with the waste in the molding machine is preheated with a dry exhaust gas to remove a blockage that has adhered and remained during the previous molding. The waste according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a part of the drying exhaust gas is mixed with the outside air as necessary and introduced into the molding machine, and a portion in contact with the waste in the molding machine is directly preheated or cooled. Solid fuel production method. As a part of the drying exhaust gas, at least one of a part of the hot air exhaust gas used for drying the waste and a part of the exhaust gas after pyrolytic deodorization of the hot air exhaust gas is introduced into a molding machine, or The method for producing a solidified waste fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a part of hot air used for drying the waste is introduced into the molding machine in addition to a part of the drying exhaust gas. The temperature of the part in contact with the waste in the molding machine is detected, and when the temperature of the part exceeds the temperature suitable for solidification fuel molding, instead of introducing dry exhaust gas or outside air diluted with outside air to the molding machine, the molding machine is used. 6. The method for producing a solidified waste fuel according to claim 5, wherein the operation of the step (c) is stopped to cool a portion in contact with the waste in the molding machine. A primary crusher for primary crushing of waste, a dryer for drying primary crushed waste with hot air, an aluminum separator for removing aluminum from dried waste, and a magnet for removing iron from the waste Magnetic separator, a wind separator that removes incombustibles from the waste by using wind power, a secondary crusher that secondary crushes dry waste from which these unsuitable for combustion has been removed, and a secondary crusher after secondary crushing And a molding machine for molding a combustible material into a solid fuel to form a solid fuel, which is introduced into a piping or / and a dryer of a treatment system of a dry exhaust gas discharged from the dryer. The hot air pipe is branched and connected to the molding machine, and the pipe for introducing outside air is connected to the branch pipe so that the temperature of the part in contact with the waste in the molding machine is adjusted to a temperature suitable for molding the solidified fuel. Preheating or cooling Waste solidified fuel production apparatus according to claim and. The drying exhaust gas treatment system includes a dust collector that removes dust from the drying exhaust gas, and the exhaust gas pipe before branching into the dust collector and / or after passing through the dust collector is branched and connected to a molding machine. Item 11. A waste solidified fuel producing apparatus according to Item 10. 12. The drying exhaust gas treatment system according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the drying exhaust gas treatment system includes a deodorizing furnace for thermally deodorizing the dried exhaust gas, and a pipe of the exhaust gas thermally deodorized and deodorized in the deodorizing furnace is branched and connected to a molding machine. Solid waste fuel production equipment. A temperature sensor is installed near the part in contact with the waste in the molding machine, and based on the measured temperature of the temperature sensor, the amount of dry exhaust gas and / or outside air introduced into the molding machine is maintained so that the measured temperature maintains a set temperature. 13. The waste solidified fuel production apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the amount is controlled by a damper provided in these pipes.

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