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JP3550899B2 - Inter-vehicle distance control device - Google Patents
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JP3550899B2 - Inter-vehicle distance control device - Google Patents

Inter-vehicle distance control device Download PDF

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JP3550899B2
JP3550899B2 JP22264996A JP22264996A JP3550899B2 JP 3550899 B2 JP3550899 B2 JP 3550899B2 JP 22264996 A JP22264996 A JP 22264996A JP 22264996 A JP22264996 A JP 22264996A JP 3550899 B2 JP3550899 B2 JP 3550899B2
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Prior art keywords
inter
vehicle
vehicle distance
distance
relative speed
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JP22264996A
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JPH1059013A (en
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佳行 中山
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は車間距離制御装置に関し、先行車との車間距離が目標車間距離となるよう自車の走行を制御する車間距離制御装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より、先行車との車間距離が目標車間距離となるように自車の走行を自動制御して、先行車に追従した走行を行う車間距離制御装置がある。例えば特開昭61−187100号公報には自車と先行車との車間距離を検出し、この車間距離時間微分することで相対速度を検出し、検出された相対速度を平滑化してバラツキを低減することが記載されている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来装置では、相対速度の平滑周期が一定であるため、平滑周期を長くすると得られる相対速度のバラツキは減少するものの、実際の相対速度の変化に対する応答遅れが生じる。また、平滑周期を短かくすると得られる相対速度のバラツキが増大するため正確な制御を行うことができないという問題があった。
【0004】
本発明は上記の点に鑑みなされたもので、検出された車間距離に応じて基準値を設定し、車間距離の変化量が基準値以上となったとき、その変化量と変化に要した時間から相対速度を算出することにより、車間距離に応じてバラツキの低減又は応答性の向上のいずれかを必要に応じて優先させて相対速度を得ることができる車間距離制御装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1に記載の発明は図1に示す如く、速度制御手段M1により先行車との車間距離及び相対速度に基づいて目標車間距離となるように自車の速度制御を行う車間距離制御装置において、
車間距離検出手段M2で逐次検出された車間距離に応じて現在の車間距離が大なるほど基準値を増大させて設定する基準値設定手段M3と、
現在に近いものから順に過去に逐次検出された各時点の車間距離と現在の車間距離の偏差を順次各々求めていき、上記偏差が上記基準値以上となる車間距離検出時点から現在までの時間と、上記偏差とから上記先行車との相対速度を算出する相対速度算出手段M4とを有する。
【0006】
このように、車間距離が大なるほど基準値を増大させるため、車間距離が大きいときにはバラツキの少ない相対速度を得ることができ、車間距離が小さいときは応答性良く相対速度を得ることができ運転状況に適した相対速度検出が可能となる。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
図2は本発明の一実施例のブロック図を示す。車間距離検出手段M2として車間距離センサ10が車両前部に設けられている。この車間距離センサ10としては、例えばアクティブステレオCCD測距センサやレーダ装置、レーザレーダ装置等を用いることができる。また、車速検出手段として車両のドライブシャフトの回転速度を光学的に検知して車速を検出する車速センサ12が設けられている。
【0009】
また、定速走行時における車速設定用の設定スイッチ14が運転席に設けられ、さらにシステムスイッチ16が同様に運転席に設けられる。そして、これら各センサ及びスイッチからの信号は速度制御手段M1としてのマイクロコンピュータ18に供給される。
【0010】
マイクロコンピュータ18は入出力ポート、後述する処理プログラムが格納されたROM,この処理プログラムに従って演算を行うCPU,演算結果を記憶するRAM等を備えており、車間距離センサ10にて検出された車間距離の時間変化率から相対速度を算出する。そして、車間距離と相対速度及び自車速に応じて、スロットルアクチュエータ20あるいはブレーキアクチュエータ22に制御信号を送って車両の走行を制御するとともに、運転席に設けられた警報/表示装置24で適宜現車間距離を表示し、あるいは許容できない車間距離となった場合に運転者に警報を与える構成である。
【0011】
図3は車間距離センサ10として用いられるアクティブステレオCCD測距センサの構成図を示す。同図中、投光器30が発光し、先行車の左右のリフレクタRl,Rrで反射した光が左右のレンズ34l,34r夫々を通して、左右のCCDカメラCl,Crに夫々結像する。このカメラCl,Cr夫々における画像Il,Irを図4に示す。この画像Il,Irは測距処理装置36に供給され、ここで先行車との車間距離を算出する。
【0012】
図5乃至図7は測距処理装置36が行う測距処理のフローチャートを示す。図5において、ステップS10では先行車を発見する発見処理を行う。この後、ステップS12に進み、算出された先行車との車間距離が例えば5m等の所定距離以内かどうかを判別する。
【0013】
この実施例では車間距離が所定距離以内で追従走行が許可されるので、この条件を満足した場合ステップS14に進んでトラッキング処理を行ってステップS12に進む。また、ステップS12の条件を満足しない場合はステップS10に進む。
【0014】
図6は発見処理のフローチャートを示す。同図中、ステップS20ではカメラCl,Crで得た画像Il,Ir夫々において、先行車の左右のリフレクタRl,Rrの座標Xrl,Xrr,Xll,Xlrを検出する。次にステップS22では画像Il,Ir間の両眼視差(Xll−Xrl)と(Xlr−Xrr)とを算出し、ステップS24で上記の各視差を次式に代入して距離計算を行う。
【0015】
【数1】

Figure 0003550899
【0016】
但し、基線長はカメラCl,cr間距離であり、図3における距離Bである。次にステップS26で左右の視差を用いて求めた距離を平均化して車間距離Dhとする。この後、ステップS28に進み、画像上のリフレクタ間隔(Xlr−Xll)と(Xrr−Xrl)とを求め、ステップS30で上記リフレクタ間隔の平均値と、車間距離及びレンズ焦点距離から次式で実際のリフレクタ間隔Lを求める。
【0017】
【数2】
Figure 0003550899
【0018】
図7はトラッキング処理のフローチャートを示す。同図中、ステップS40では画像Ir,Il上の前回リフレクタが検出された位置の近傍でリフレクタRl,Rrを検出するトラッキング処理を行う。そして、ステップS42で画像上のリフレクタ間隔(Xlr−Xll)と(Xrr−Xrl)とを求め、ステップS44において、画像Ir,Il夫々について次式を用いて距離を算出する。
【0019】
【数3】
Figure 0003550899
【0020】
この後、ステップS46で画像Ir,Il夫々で求めた距離を平均化して車間距離Dとする。
なお、測距処理装置36は上記のようにして求めた車間距離Dh及びDをマイクロコンピュータ18に供給する。
【0021】
図8はマイクロコンピュータ18が実行する処理の制御ブロック図を示す。同図中、自車40の車速と、先行車42の車速との差が相対速度であり、この相対速度を積分すると車間距離となる。
車間距離センサ10は上記の車間距離を検出してマイクロコンピュータ18内の相対速度計算部50,目標駆動力計算部54夫々に供給する。また車速センサ12は自車40の車速を検出して目標車間距離設定部52に供給する。相対速度計算部50は後述する処理によって、車間距離から相対速度を計算し、得られた相対速度を目標駆動力計算部54に供給する。
【0022】
目標車間距離設定部52は自車速をパラメータとしてマップを参照し、目標車間距離を設定し、設定した目標車間距離を目標駆動力計算部54に供給する。上記のマップでは自車速が速いほど目標車間距離が大きくなるようにされている。目標駆動力計算部54は自車の車両モデルに基づいて、相対速度、車間距離、目標車間距離から車間距離が目標車間距離となるようにブレーキ制御量、スロットル制御量夫々を計算し、ブレーキアクチュエータ20,スロットルアクチュエータ夫々に制御信号を供給する。これによって自車40の速度制御が行われる。
【0023】
次に相対速度計算部50の行う処理について説明する。ところで、マイクロコンピュータ18は車間距離センサ10から供給される車間距離を得られた時刻と共にRAMに図9に示すように格納している。例えば車間距離が1/10sec 毎に供給される場合、格納しておく車間距離は数10回分、つまり数sec 分である。
【0024】
図10は相対速度計算処理のフローチャートを示す。同図中、ステップS50では現在の相対距離doをRAMから読み出す。次に基準値設定手段M3としてのステップS52で現在の相対距離doを用いて図11に示すマップを参照し基準値である変化検出距離Dを設定する。このマップでは現在の相対距離doが大なるほど変化検出距離Dが大となるように設定されている。これは車間距離が大なる場合は応答性の速さよりもバラツキの少ない相対速度検出を行い、車間距離が小さな場合はバラツキの少なさよりも応答性の速い相対速度の検出を行うためである。
【0025】
次にステップS54では現在の相対距離doに変化検出距離Dを加算して基準車間距離dtを算出する。この後、ステップS55で変数iに1をセットし、ステップS56で変数iにより指示される車間距離diをRAMから読み出し基準車間距離dtと比較する。ここでdt≧diの場合は車間距離doとdiとの間で変化検出距離Dだけの変化がないためステップS58でi≧nかどうかを判別し、i<nの場合にはステップS60で変数iを1だけインクリメントしてステップS56に進み、ステップS56〜S60を繰り返す。
【0026】
ステップS56でdt<diの場合には車間距離doとdiとの間で変化検出距離Dだけの変化があったためステップS62に進んで車間距離do,di夫々を得た時刻to,ti間の時間Tを計算し、相対速度算出手段M4としてのステップS64で相対速度R(=D/T)を計算して処理を終了する。
【0027】
なお、ステップS58でi≧nとなった場合にはステップS66に進んで相対速度Rを零として処理を終了する。
また、車間距離が大なるほど変化検出距離Dを増大させるため、相対速度が一定とすれば車間距離が大きいときにはバラツキの少ない相対速度を得ることができ、車間距離が小さいときは応答性良く、相対速度を得ることができ運転状況に適した相対速度検出が可能となる。
【0028】
【発明の効果】
上述の如く、請求項1に記載の発明によれば、車間距離が大なるほど基準値を増大させるため、車間距離が大きいときにはバラツキの少ない相対速度を得ることができ、車間距離が小さいときは応答性良く相対速度を得ることができ運転状況に適した相対速度検出が可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の原理図である。
【図2】本発明のブロック図である。
【図3】測距センサの構成図である。
【図4】測距センサの画像を示す図である。
【図5】測距処理のフローチャートである。
【図6】測距処理のフローチャートである。
【図7】測距処理のフローチャートである。
【図8】マイクロコンピュータの制御ブロック図である。
【図9】RAMの格納内容を示す図である。
【図10】相対速度計算処理のフローチャートである。
【図11】マップを示す図である。
【符号の説明】
10 車間距離センサ
12 車速センサ
18 マイクロコンピュータ
20 スロットルアクチュエータ
22 ブレーキアクチュエータ
24 警報/表示装置
30 投光器
32,42 先行車
34l,34r レンズ
36 測距処理装置
40 自車
50 相対速度計算部
52 目標車間距離設定部
54 目標駆動力計算部
Rl,Rr リフレクタ
Cl,Cr カメラ
M1 速度制御手段
M2 車間距離検出手段
M3 基準値設定手段
M4 相対速度算出手段[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an inter-vehicle distance control device, and more particularly to an inter-vehicle distance control device that controls traveling of an own vehicle such that an inter-vehicle distance with a preceding vehicle becomes a target inter-vehicle distance.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there is an inter-vehicle distance control device that automatically controls traveling of an own vehicle so that an inter-vehicle distance to a preceding vehicle becomes a target inter-vehicle distance, and performs traveling following a preceding vehicle. For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 61-187100 discloses that the inter-vehicle distance between a host vehicle and a preceding vehicle is detected, the relative speed is detected by differentiating the inter-vehicle distance with time, and the detected relative speed is smoothed to reduce variations. Is described.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the conventional apparatus, since the smoothing cycle of the relative speed is constant, the variation in the relative speed obtained when the smoothing cycle is lengthened decreases, but a response delay to the actual change in the relative speed occurs. Further, if the smoothing cycle is shortened, the variation in the relative speed obtained increases, so that there is a problem that accurate control cannot be performed.
[0004]
The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and sets a reference value according to a detected inter-vehicle distance, and when the amount of change in the inter-vehicle distance becomes equal to or more than the reference value, the amount of change and the time required for the change. An object of the present invention is to provide an inter-vehicle distance control device which can obtain a relative speed by calculating a relative speed from a vehicle speed and giving priority to either reduction of variation or improvement of responsiveness according to the inter-vehicle distance as necessary. And
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention according to claim 1 is an inter-vehicle distance control device that performs speed control of the own vehicle by a speed control means M1 based on an inter-vehicle distance to a preceding vehicle and a relative speed so as to reach a target inter-vehicle distance. ,
A reference value setting means M3 for increasing and setting a reference value as the current inter-vehicle distance increases according to the inter-vehicle distance sequentially detected by the inter-vehicle distance detection means M2;
The deviation between the current inter-vehicle distance and the current inter-vehicle distance at each time point sequentially detected in the past in order from the closest to the present is sequentially obtained, and the time from the inter-vehicle distance detection time when the deviation is equal to or more than the reference value to the present time. And a relative speed calculating means M4 for calculating a relative speed with respect to the preceding vehicle from the deviation .
[0006]
As described above, since the reference value is increased as the inter-vehicle distance increases, the relative speed with little variation can be obtained when the inter-vehicle distance is large, and the relative speed can be obtained with good responsiveness when the inter-vehicle distance is short. Relative speed can be detected.
[0008]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of one embodiment of the present invention. An inter-vehicle distance sensor 10 is provided at the front of the vehicle as inter-vehicle distance detection means M2. As the inter-vehicle distance sensor 10, for example, an active stereo CCD distance measuring sensor, a radar device, a laser radar device, or the like can be used. Further, a vehicle speed sensor 12 is provided as vehicle speed detecting means for optically detecting the rotational speed of the drive shaft of the vehicle to detect the vehicle speed.
[0009]
In addition, a setting switch 14 for setting the vehicle speed at the time of constant speed traveling is provided in the driver's seat, and a system switch 16 is similarly provided in the driver's seat. Then, signals from these sensors and switches are supplied to a microcomputer 18 as speed control means M1.
[0010]
The microcomputer 18 includes an input / output port, a ROM in which a processing program to be described later is stored, a CPU for performing calculations in accordance with the processing program, a RAM for storing the calculation results, and the like. The relative speed is calculated from the time rate of change. In accordance with the inter-vehicle distance, the relative speed and the own vehicle speed, a control signal is sent to the throttle actuator 20 or the brake actuator 22 to control the running of the vehicle, and an alarm / display device 24 provided in the driver's seat appropriately controls the current vehicle distance. The distance is displayed, or a warning is issued to the driver when an unacceptable inter-vehicle distance is obtained.
[0011]
FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of an active stereo CCD distance measuring sensor used as the inter-vehicle distance sensor 10. In the figure, the light projector 30 emits light, and the light reflected by the left and right reflectors Rl and Rr of the preceding vehicle forms images on the left and right CCD cameras Cl and Cr through the left and right lenses 34l and 34r, respectively. FIG. 4 shows images Il and Ir of the cameras Cl and Cr, respectively. The images Il and Ir are supplied to the distance measurement processing device 36, where the distance between the vehicle and the preceding vehicle is calculated.
[0012]
5 to 7 show flowcharts of the distance measurement processing performed by the distance measurement processing device 36. In FIG. 5, in step S10, a discovery process for finding a preceding vehicle is performed. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step S12, and it is determined whether or not the calculated inter-vehicle distance to the preceding vehicle is within a predetermined distance such as 5 m.
[0013]
In this embodiment, following travel is permitted within the inter-vehicle distance within a predetermined distance. If this condition is satisfied, the process proceeds to step S14 to perform tracking processing and then proceeds to step S12. If the condition of step S12 is not satisfied, the process proceeds to step S10.
[0014]
FIG. 6 shows a flowchart of the discovery process. In the figure, Step S20 in the camera Cl, images Il obtained with Cr, in the Ir respectively preceding vehicle of the left and right reflectors Rl, Rr of coordinates X rl, X rr, X ll , detects the X lr. Then calculated in step S22 the image Il, binocular disparity between Ir and (X ll -X rl) and (X lr -X rr), the distance calculated by substituting each parallax of the the following equation at step S24 I do.
[0015]
(Equation 1)
Figure 0003550899
[0016]
However, the base line length is the distance between the cameras Cl and cr, and is the distance B in FIG. Next, in step S26, the distances obtained by using the left and right parallaxes are averaged to obtain an inter-vehicle distance Dh. Then, the procedure proceeds to step S28, determined image on the reflector spacing between (X lr -X ll) and (X rr -X rl), the average value of the reflector spacing at step S30, the inter-vehicle distance and lens focal length The actual reflector interval L is obtained by the following equation.
[0017]
(Equation 2)
Figure 0003550899
[0018]
FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of the tracking process. In the figure, in step S40, tracking processing for detecting the reflectors Rl, Rr near the position where the previous reflector was detected on the images Ir, Il is performed. Then, in step S42, the reflector interval ( Xlr- Xll ) and ( Xrr- Xrl ) on the image are obtained, and in step S44, the distance is calculated for each of the images Ir and Il using the following equation.
[0019]
(Equation 3)
Figure 0003550899
[0020]
Thereafter, in step S46, the distances obtained for the images Ir and Il are averaged to obtain an inter-vehicle distance D.
The distance measuring device 36 supplies the inter-vehicle distances Dh and D obtained as described above to the microcomputer 18.
[0021]
FIG. 8 is a control block diagram of a process executed by the microcomputer 18. In the figure, the difference between the vehicle speed of the own vehicle 40 and the vehicle speed of the preceding vehicle 42 is the relative speed, and the relative speed is integrated to obtain the inter-vehicle distance.
The inter-vehicle distance sensor 10 detects the inter-vehicle distance and supplies the detected inter-vehicle distance to the relative speed calculation unit 50 and the target driving force calculation unit 54 in the microcomputer 18. The vehicle speed sensor 12 detects the vehicle speed of the host vehicle 40 and supplies the detected vehicle speed to the target inter-vehicle distance setting unit 52. The relative speed calculation unit 50 calculates the relative speed from the inter-vehicle distance by a process described later, and supplies the obtained relative speed to the target driving force calculation unit 54.
[0022]
The target inter-vehicle distance setting unit 52 sets the target inter-vehicle distance by referring to the map using the own vehicle speed as a parameter, and supplies the set target inter-vehicle distance to the target driving force calculation unit 54. In the above map, the target inter-vehicle distance is set to increase as the vehicle speed increases. The target driving force calculation unit 54 calculates a brake control amount and a throttle control amount based on the vehicle model of the own vehicle from the relative speed, the inter-vehicle distance, and the target inter-vehicle distance so that the inter-vehicle distance becomes the target inter-vehicle distance. 20, supply a control signal to each of the throttle actuators. Thereby, the speed control of the own vehicle 40 is performed.
[0023]
Next, a process performed by the relative speed calculation unit 50 will be described. Incidentally, the microcomputer 18 stores the inter-vehicle distance supplied from the inter-vehicle distance sensor 10 in the RAM together with the time at which the inter-vehicle distance was obtained, as shown in FIG. For example, when the inter-vehicle distance is supplied every 1/10 sec, the inter-vehicle distance to be stored is several tens of times, that is, several sec.
[0024]
FIG. 10 shows a flowchart of the relative speed calculation process. In the figure, in step S50, the current relative distance do is read from the RAM. Next, in step S52 as the reference value setting means M3, a change detection distance D as a reference value is set using the current relative distance do and referring to a map shown in FIG. In this map, the change detection distance D is set to increase as the current relative distance do increases. This is because when the inter-vehicle distance is large, relative speed detection with less variation than the response speed is performed, and when the inter-vehicle distance is small, relative speed detection with faster response than with small variation is detected.
[0025]
Next, at step S54, the reference inter-vehicle distance dt is calculated by adding the change detection distance D to the current relative distance do. Thereafter, in step S55, 1 is set to a variable i, and in step S56, the inter-vehicle distance di indicated by the variable i is read from the RAM and compared with the reference inter-vehicle distance dt. Here, if dt ≧ di, there is no change by the change detection distance D between the inter-vehicle distances do and di, so it is determined whether or not i ≧ n in step S58. If i <n, the variable is set in step S60. i is incremented by 1 and the process proceeds to step S56, and steps S56 to S60 are repeated.
[0026]
If dt <di in step S56, there is a change by the change detection distance D between the inter-vehicle distances do and di, so the process proceeds to step S62, and the time between the times to and ti when the inter-vehicle distances do and di are obtained, respectively. T is calculated, the relative speed R (= D / T) is calculated in step S64 as the relative speed calculating means M4, and the process is terminated.
[0027]
If i ≧ n is satisfied in step S58, the process proceeds to step S66, where the relative speed R is set to zero and the process ends.
In addition, since the change detection distance D increases as the inter-vehicle distance increases, a relatively small relative speed can be obtained when the inter-vehicle distance is large, provided that the relative speed is constant. Speed can be obtained, and relative speed detection suitable for driving conditions can be performed.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
As described above , according to the first aspect of the present invention , since the reference value is increased as the inter-vehicle distance increases, a relative speed with less variation can be obtained when the inter-vehicle distance is large, and a response speed can be obtained when the inter-vehicle distance is small. The relative speed can be obtained with good efficiency, and the relative speed suitable for the driving situation can be detected.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the principle of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a distance measuring sensor.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an image of a distance measuring sensor.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a distance measuring process.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a distance measuring process.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a distance measuring process.
FIG. 8 is a control block diagram of a microcomputer.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing stored contents of a RAM.
FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a relative speed calculation process.
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a map.
[Explanation of symbols]
Reference Signs List 10 Inter-vehicle distance sensor 12 Vehicle speed sensor 18 Microcomputer 20 Throttle actuator 22 Brake actuator 24 Alarm / display device 30 Floodlight 32, 42 Preceding vehicle 34l, 34r Lens 36 Distance measurement processing device 40 Own vehicle 50 Relative speed calculation unit 52 Target inter-vehicle distance setting Unit 54 target driving force calculation unit R1, Rr reflector Cl, Cr camera M1 speed control unit M2 inter-vehicle distance detection unit M3 reference value setting unit M4 relative speed calculation unit

Claims (1)

先行車との車間距離及び相対速度に基づいて目標車間距離となるように自車の速度制御を行う車間距離制御装置において、
車間距離検出手段で逐次検出された車間距離に応じて現在の車間距離が大なるほど基準値を増大させて設定する基準値設定手段と、
現在に近いものから順に過去に逐次検出された各時点の車間距離と現在の車間距離の偏差を順次各々求めていき、上記偏差が上記基準値以上となる車間距離検出時点から現在までの時間と、上記偏差とから上記先行車との相対速度を算出する相対速度算出手段とを有することを特徴とする車間距離制御装置。
In an inter-vehicle distance control device that performs speed control of the own vehicle so as to be a target inter-vehicle distance based on the inter-vehicle distance and a relative speed with a preceding vehicle,
Reference value setting means for increasing and setting a reference value as the current inter-vehicle distance increases according to the inter-vehicle distance sequentially detected by the inter-vehicle distance detection means,
The deviation between the current inter-vehicle distance and the current inter-vehicle distance at each time point sequentially detected in the past in order from the closest to the present is sequentially obtained, and the time from the inter-vehicle distance detection time when the deviation is equal to or more than the reference value to the present time. And a relative speed calculating means for calculating a relative speed with respect to the preceding vehicle from the deviation .
JP22264996A 1996-08-23 1996-08-23 Inter-vehicle distance control device Expired - Fee Related JP3550899B2 (en)

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