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JP3552330B2 - Surface alloying treatment method for aluminum material - Google Patents
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JP3552330B2 - Surface alloying treatment method for aluminum material - Google Patents

Surface alloying treatment method for aluminum material Download PDF

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JP3552330B2
JP3552330B2 JP9152895A JP9152895A JP3552330B2 JP 3552330 B2 JP3552330 B2 JP 3552330B2 JP 9152895 A JP9152895 A JP 9152895A JP 9152895 A JP9152895 A JP 9152895A JP 3552330 B2 JP3552330 B2 JP 3552330B2
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aluminum material
gas
plasma
present
metal powder
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JPH08260069A (en
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英明 池田
毅 国生
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明はアルミニウム材の表面合金化処理方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
金属材料の表面改質方法には、表面焼入れ、浸炭、窒化など多種の手法が利用されているが、近年、表面合金化処理法が注目されている。
例えば、特開昭62−38786号公報「アルミ合金鋳物製内燃機関用シリンダヘッドの改良処理方法」は、アルミ製シリンダヘッドの弁間部にFe、Ni、Co、V、Zr、Ceのうちの1種類以上を高密度エネルギーを照射して合金化させるものであり、高密度エネルギーとして実施例においてTIGアークを用い、その他レーザ、電子ビーム、プラズマアークでもよいとされている。
【0003】
なお、表面合金化処理方法は、合金で改質を図ることは勿論であるが、微小気孔等の鋳造欠陥を有するアルミニウム材を、再溶融して再冷却すれば、母材側から表面へ指向性凝固を実施でき、溶接欠陥が表面へ押出されるので改質が図れる。同時に、非溶融部分が大きな容量の冷し金の作用をなすので再溶融部が急冷されて組織が微細化し、表面の改質が図れるというものである。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明者等は、前記表面合金化処理方法に注目し、特にプラズマアークによるアルミニウム材の表面改質を研究するなかで、次の様な問題点を見出した。
図9(a),(b)は従来アルミニウム材に用いられる交流プラズマ法の原理図であり、周知の通りアルミニウム材101は、強固なAlの酸化膜102で覆われているため、(a)にてアルミニウム材101を「−」、プラズマトーチの電極103を「+」することにより、アルミニウム材101から電気eを飛ばし、この電子eで酸化膜102を突き破る。直後に、極性を変更した(b)にて電極103から電子eを飛ばし、この電子eのエネルギーでアルミニウム材101の表面を加熱し、再溶融させる方法である。即ち、アルミニウム材には交番的に極性が変化して上記(a),(b)を繰返すところの「交流プラズマ法」が適しているいわれている。
【0005】
しかしながら、上記交流プラズマ法は交流プラズマアークを用いて、そのクリーニング作用により表面のAl酸化膜を電子で破壊するものであり、前記酸化膜を完全にあるいは均一に破壊し、除去することは難しい。その結果、電極からの電子は酸化膜の破壊された箇所又は局部的に薄い箇所に進行する。すると、アークは分散し、焦点が集中しないことになり、局部的に深い合金化層を得ることができない。この現象を次図で考察する。
図10(a),(b)は従来の交流プラズマ法の拡大図であり、酸化膜102は厚さにむらがあり、先ず薄い部分から電子eが電極103へ向い、次に電極103から薄い部分へプラズマアークが集中的に達する。そのため、処理面積が広くなり、処理深さが小さくなると考えられる。
(b)は処理部のイメージ図であり、幅W×深さdの処理部となる。
【0006】
処理を要する排気弁、吸気弁、シリンダヘッド、ロッカアーム、ピストンロッドなどでは、必要な部分のみを深く改質する必要のあるものが少なくない。しかし、上記交流プラズマでは必要部分以外の部分も溶融してしまい、好ましくない。
そこで、本発明者等は、交流プラズマ法に代る狭い範囲を深く処理することのできる新プラズマ法を鋭意研究し、満足し得る技術を開発することに成功した。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
具体的には、アルミニウム材の表面をMg ガスで覆い、前記表面を直流プラズマアークで溶融しつつ合金用金属粉末を添加し、この金属粉末とアルミニウム材との合金を表面に形成する。
【0009】
前記Mg ガスは、作動ガスの一部である窒素ガスを、アルミニウム材中のMg成分又は外部から供給したMg成分をガス化させて反応させ、生成させる。
【0010】
なお上記合金化処理において、電極とアルミニウム材表面の電圧は、トーチ間距離とガス体(雰囲気)により決まり、同トーチ間距離においては、Ar雰囲気に比較して、N雰囲気では電圧を倍増しなければ所定のプラズマアークを発生させることはできない。従って、放電しにくくなるため一般にNは使用されない。
しかし、本発明はNを適量に抑えることでN雰囲気下でのプラズマ処理を可能にしたものである。
【0011】
【作用】
MgとNをアルミニウム材表面で反応させ、還元性のMgを生成し、その還元作用によりアルミニウム材表面の酸化膜を完全又は均一に除去し、そこにプラズマアークを照射する。プラズマアークは最短距離を直進することになり、しかも酸化膜の膜厚のばらつきに左右されないので、狭くて深い処理が可能となる。その際に添加する合金用金属粉末は、Cr,Fe,Ni,Mo,Cr,Cuが好適である。CrはAl中に分散し、強度を高める作用をなす。Feは高融点の金属間化合物FeAl、Niは高融点の金属間化合物NiAlを生成し、MoはMoAl,CrはCrAlを生成する。Cuは熱電導性を高め、同時にマトリクス強度を高める作用をなす。
【0012】
前記Mgガスの生成方法を3例説明する。
図1(a),(b)は本発明に係る還元性ガスの生成方法の第1原理図であり、アルミニウム材2Aは適量の(Mg)が含有されているものを使用する。(a)にて電極3から電子eを発射すると、プラズマアークにより酸化膜1を局部的に加熱・破壊してアルミニウム材2Aに至り、それを溶かし、成分中のMgをガス化する。このMgが作動ガスの一部のNと次のごとく反応する。
3Mg(ガス)+N→Mg
(b)は雰囲気がMgに変わった状態を示す。
【0013】
図2は本発明に係る還元性ガスの生成方法の第2原理図であり、酸化膜1の上に予めMg材5を置いておく。Mg材5はMg合金を含むペースト、シート、ワイヤの形態が取扱容易で好ましい。
作動ガスN下でMg材5に電極3から電子eを照射すると、Mg材5中のMg成分がプラズマ熱でガス化し、3Mg(ガス)+N→Mgの反応が進行する。
【0014】
図3は本発明に係る還元性ガスの生成方法の第3原理図であり、酸化膜1の上に供給手段6,6にてMg含有材7を供給する。
作動ガスN下でMg含有材7に電極3から電子eを照射すると、Mg成分がプラズマ熱でガス化し、3Mg(ガス)+N→Mgの反応が進む。
【0015】
図4(a)〜(c)は本発明に係る表面合金化処理方法の原理図であり、前記還元性ガスの生成方法のうちの第1原理を使用した具体的処理を説明する。
(a)において酸化膜1で被覆されたアルミニウム材2に電極3及び金属粉末供給手段4を臨ませ、アルミニウム材2側を「+」、電極3側を「−」となるように直流電源5をつなぎ、且つ処理雰囲気をAr+Nとする。
アルミニウム材2は適量の(Mg)が含有されているものを使用する。電極3から電子eを発射すると、上記第1原理により還元性ガス(Mg)が生成できる。
(b)では、Mg+2Al+3Mg→2AlN+6MgO+2Alの反応式により、酸化膜1が除かれる。
そこで、(c)において酸化膜1の除かれたアルミニウム材2に金属粉末供給手段4から合金用金属粉末を添加し、これらアルミニウム材2と金属粉末とに電極3から直流プラズマアークを照射し、このアーク熱でアルミニウム材2の表面を溶かし、金属粉末との合金を生成する。
実施例で具体例を示すが、このときの処理部は狭く深い。
【0016】
【実施例】
以下に本発明の実施例を示す。なお、実施例は、▲1▼直流プラズマ法と従来の交流プラズマ法との比較、▲2▼本発明におけるNの適量、▲3▼本発明におけるアルミニウム材の好適Mg量、▲4▼本発明方法を吸気弁の表面強化に適用した例、▲5▼本発明方法をシリンダヘッドの表面強化に適用した例からなり、これらを順次説明する。
図5はプラズマトーチの原理図であり、以下の説明の便利のために掲載した。即ち、プラズマトーチ10はタングステン電極11(前記電極3に相当)をノズル12及びシールドキャップ13で同心円状に囲い、電極11とノズル12との間にセンターガス(前記作動ガスに相当)を流し、ノズル12とシールドキャップ13との間にシールドガスを流す構造のものである。
【0017】
▲1▼直流プラズマ法と従来の交流プラズマ法との比較;
【0018】
【表1】

Figure 0003552330
【0019】
実施例1は直流プラズマ法によるもので、センターガス流量を、Ar(アルゴンガス)0.55l/min+N0.05l/minとし、シールドガス流量をAr9l/min、電流を100/80/120A、アルミニウム材をAC7A−JIS、合金用金属粉末をCr10mg/cmとして、表面合金化処理を実施した。上記AC7A−JISは3.5〜5.5wt%のMgを含むから、本発明のプラズマアークは良好に形成可能である。
比較例1は従来の交流プラズマ法によるものであり、センターガス流量のみAr0.6l/min(即ちNを混合せず)とし、他の条件は実施例1に合せた。
【0020】
図6は本発明に係る処理部の幅と深さを示すグラフであり、グラフの下方に略図した通り幅をW、深さをdとした。
比較例1に比較して実施例1は幅Wが小さく且つ深さdが大きい。従って、本発明方法によれば狭く深い合金層を形成することができる。
【0021】
▲2▼本発明におけるNの適量;
前記実施例1ではセンターガスをAr0.55l/min+N0.05l/minとしたが、このNの適量を調べることは重要である。そこで、本発明者等は、次の条件での実験を実施した。
【0022】
【表2】
Figure 0003552330
【0023】
比較例2はセンターガスをArのみとしたので、本発明の還元性ガスが形成できず、酸化膜を除去することができないため処理は不良であった。
実施例2はN/Ar比を1.7%、実施例3はN/Ar比を10%、実施例4はN/Ar比を20%、実施例5はN/Ar比を33%としたので、処理結果は良好であった。
【0024】
比較例3はN/Ar比を43%としたもので、処理結果は不良であった。周知の通り、同一トーチ高さにおいて、センターガスをArにした場合に比べて、Nの場合は所要電圧が約2倍となる。即ち、電圧を倍増しなければNで所定のプラズマアークを発生させることはできない。従って、比較例3のようにNの比率が過剰になると良好なプラズマアークが得られず、所望の処理結果が得られない。
従って、本発明方法においては、センターガスのN/Ar比を1.7%〜33%範囲とすることが望ましい。この範囲であれば電圧や電流値を適度に抑えることができる。
▲3▼本発明におけるアルミニウム材料の適量Mg量;
直流プラズマアークを良好に形成するのに必要なMg量を調べることは重要である。そこで、Mg含有量の異なるアルミニウム材について調べることにした。その条件及び結果図6に示す。
【0025】
【表3】
Figure 0003552330
【0026】
比較例4はアルミニウム材中のMgが0であるため、還元性ガスが十分に生成できず、プラズマアークが得られなかった。
実施例6,7,8,9は還元性ガスが適量生成され、良好な直流プラズマアークを得ることができた。
従って、2.0〜20wt%の範囲のMgを含有したアルミニウム材が好適であることが分かった。
【0027】
▲4▼本発明方法を吸気弁の表面強化に適用した例;
図7は本発明方法で吸気弁を合金化処理するときの作用図であり、吸気弁20に金属粉末供給手段4から金属粉末を供給しつつ、プラズマトーチ10にて合金化処理をする。その時の処理条件は表3に示す通りであり、吸気弁20の材質は7075(アルミニウム合金)であり、また、合金用金属粉末は、Crが30wt%、Moが10wt%、Feが30wt%、Niが10wt%、で残部がAC2B粉末からなり、ノズルからの供給量は8g/minとした。なお、AC2B粉末の組成は、JISH5202で規定されたアルミニウム合金である。
【0028】
【表4】
Figure 0003552330
【0029】
処理の結果、表面硬度はHv(ビッカース硬度)で210となり、未処理時の表面硬度はHvで60であるから、十分に表面が硬化されたことになる。
【0030】
▲5▼本発明方法をシリンダヘッドの表面強化に適用した例;
図8はガソリンエンジンのシリンダヘッドの要部断面図であり、シリンダヘッド30のバルブシート31に金属粉末供給手段4から金属粉末を供給しつつ、プラズマトーチ10にて合金化処理をする。その時の処理条件は表4に示す通りであり、シリンダヘッド30の材質はAC2B−JIS(アルミニウム鋳物)であり、また、合金用金属粉末は、Crが5wt%、Moが10wt%、Feが10wt%、Niが10wt%、Crが5wt%、で残部がCr粉末からなり、ノズルからの供給量は8g/minとした。AC2B−JISは5〜7wt%のMgを含むから、本発明のプラズマアークは良好に形成可能である。
【0031】
【表5】
Figure 0003552330
【0032】
ここで溶込率は、(母材への溶込み深さ)÷(母材への溶込み深さ+表面から外方への盛り上がり高さ)で定義される%表示値である。
処理の結果、溶込率は20%、表面硬度はHv(ビッカース硬度)で180〜210となり、未処理時の表面硬度がHv40〜50であるから、十分に表面が硬化されたことになる。
【0033】
そして、処理後のシリンダヘッド30を機械仕上し、それをシリンダブロックに組込み、ガソリンエンジンを完成し、6000rpmで100時間の連続運転を評価試験として実施した。運転後のエンジンを分解し、シリンダヘッド30のバルブシート31を検査したところ、クラックの発生は認められなかった。
この種の改質処理を施さないシリンダブロックで同様の評価試験を実施すると、バルブシートに微細なクラックの発生することがあり、非改質品に比べて本発明による改質品は耐久性の向上が認められた。
【0034】
【発明の効果】
本発明は上記構成により次の効果を発揮する。
請求項1は、アルミニウム材の表面をMg ガスで覆い、前記表面を直流プラズマアークで溶融しつつ合金用金属粉末を添加し、この金属粉末とアルミニウム材との合金を表面に形成するようにしたもので、Mg ガスでアルミニウム材表面の酸化膜を破壊してアルミニウム材を露出状態にし、そこにプラズマアークを照射することができ、プラズマアークは最短距離を直進することになり、しかも酸化膜の膜厚のばらつきに左右されないので、狭くて深い処理が可能となる。
【0036】
請求項1で用いるMg ガスを作動ガス中のNとアルミニウム材中のMg成分又は外部から供給したMg成分と反応させて生成するので、Mg ガスは簡単に生成でき、生産コストの高騰を抑えることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係る還元性ガスの生成方法の第1原理図
【図2】本発明に係る還元性ガスの生成方法の第2原理図
【図3】
本発明に係る還元性ガスの生成方法の第3原理図
【図4】
本発明に係る表面合金化処理方法の原理図
【図5】
プラズマトーチの原理図
【図6】
本発明に係る処理部の幅と深さを示すグラフ
【図7】
本発明方法で吸気弁を合金化処理するときの作用図
【図8】
ガソリンエンジンのシリンダヘッドの要部断面図
【図9】
従来アルミニウム材に用いられる交流プラズマ法の原理図
【図10】
従来の交流プラズマ法の拡大図
【符号の説明】
1…酸化膜、2…アルミニウム材、3…電極、4…金属粉末供給手段、5…直流電源、10…プラズマトーチ。[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to a surface alloying method for an aluminum material.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Various methods, such as surface quenching, carburizing, and nitriding, are used for the surface modification method of a metal material. In recent years, a surface alloying treatment method has attracted attention.
For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-38786 discloses a method for improving the processing method of an aluminum alloy cast cylinder head for an internal combustion engine. One or more types are alloyed by irradiating high-density energy, and a TIG arc is used in the embodiment as the high-density energy, and a laser, an electron beam, or a plasma arc may be used.
[0003]
In addition, the surface alloying treatment method, of course, aims at reforming with an alloy, but if the aluminum material having casting defects such as micropores is re-melted and re-cooled, it can be directed from the base material side to the surface. The solidification can be performed and the welding defect is extruded to the surface, so that the modification can be achieved. At the same time, since the non-melted portion acts as a chill with a large capacity, the re-melted portion is rapidly cooled, the structure becomes finer, and the surface can be modified.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present inventors have paid attention to the surface alloying treatment method, and in particular, have studied the surface modification of an aluminum material by a plasma arc and have found the following problems.
FIGS. 9A and 9B are principle diagrams of an AC plasma method conventionally used for an aluminum material. As is well known, the aluminum material 101 is covered with a strong Al 2 O 3 oxide film 102. By (a) setting the aluminum material 101 to "-" and the plasma torch electrode 103 to "+", electricity e is skipped from the aluminum material 101, and the electrons e break through the oxide film 102. Immediately after that, the electron e is skipped from the electrode 103 in (b) whose polarity is changed, and the surface of the aluminum material 101 is heated and re-melted by the energy of the electron e. That is, it is said that the "AC plasma method" in which the polarity is alternately changed and the above (a) and (b) are repeated is suitable for the aluminum material.
[0005]
However, the above-mentioned AC plasma method uses an AC plasma arc to destroy the Al 2 O 3 oxide film on the surface by electrons due to its cleaning action, and the oxide film is completely or uniformly destroyed and removed. Is difficult. As a result, electrons from the electrode travel to a portion where the oxide film is destroyed or a locally thin portion. Then, the arc is dispersed and the focus is not concentrated, so that a locally deep alloyed layer cannot be obtained. This phenomenon will be considered in the following figure.
FIGS. 10A and 10B are enlarged views of the conventional AC plasma method, in which the oxide film 102 has an uneven thickness. First, electrons e are directed to the electrode 103 from a thin portion, and then thinned from the electrode 103. The plasma arc intensively reaches the part. Therefore, it is considered that the processing area increases and the processing depth decreases.
(B) is an image diagram of the processing unit, which is a processing unit of width W × depth d.
[0006]
Of the exhaust valves, intake valves, cylinder heads, rocker arms, piston rods and the like that require processing, there are many cases where only the necessary parts need to be deeply reformed. However, the AC plasma melts portions other than the necessary portions, which is not preferable.
Therefore, the present inventors have intensively studied a new plasma method capable of deeply processing a narrow range instead of the AC plasma method, and have succeeded in developing a satisfactory technique.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Specifically, the surface of an aluminum material is covered with Mg 3 N 2 gas, and the surface is melted by a DC plasma arc, and a metal powder for an alloy is added to form an alloy of the metal powder and the aluminum material on the surface. .
[0009]
The Mg 3 N 2 gas, a nitrogen gas, which is part of the working gas, the Mg component supplied from Mg component or external in aluminum material is reacted by gasification, Ru to produce.
[0010]
In the above alloying treatment, the voltage between the electrode and the surface of the aluminum material is determined by the distance between the torches and the gas (atmosphere). In the distance between the torches, the voltage is doubled in the N 2 atmosphere as compared with the Ar atmosphere. Otherwise, a predetermined plasma arc cannot be generated. Therefore, N 2 is not generally used because discharge becomes difficult.
However, the present invention enables plasma processing in an N 2 atmosphere by suppressing N 2 to an appropriate amount.
[0011]
[Action]
Mg and N 2 are reacted on the surface of the aluminum material to generate reducible Mg 3 N 2, and the oxide film on the surface of the aluminum material is completely or uniformly removed by the reducing action, and the surface is irradiated with a plasma arc. Since the plasma arc travels straight along the shortest distance and is not affected by variations in the thickness of the oxide film, narrow and deep processing can be performed. The metal powder for alloy added at this time is preferably Cr 3 C 2 , Fe, Ni, Mo, Cr, Cu. Cr 3 C 2 is dispersed in Al and acts to increase the strength. Fe produces a high melting point intermetallic compound FeAl, Ni produces a high melting point intermetallic compound NiAl, Mo produces MoAl, and Cr produces CrAl. Cu has the effect of increasing the thermal conductivity and at the same time increasing the matrix strength.
[0012]
Three examples of the method of generating the Mg 3 N 2 gas will be described.
FIGS. 1A and 1B are first principle diagrams of a method for generating a reducing gas according to the present invention. An aluminum material 2A containing an appropriate amount of (Mg) is used. When the electron e is emitted from the electrode 3 in (a), the oxide film 1 is locally heated and broken by the plasma arc to reach the aluminum material 2A, which is melted, and Mg in the components is gasified. This Mg reacts with a part of N 2 of the working gas as follows.
3Mg (gas) + N 2 → Mg 3 N 2
(B) shows a state in which the atmosphere has been changed to Mg 3 N 2 .
[0013]
FIG. 2 is a second principle diagram of the method for generating a reducing gas according to the present invention, in which an Mg material 5 is placed on the oxide film 1 in advance. The Mg material 5 is preferably in the form of a paste, sheet, or wire containing an Mg alloy because it is easy to handle.
When electrons e are irradiated from the electrode 3 to the Mg material 5 under the working gas N 2 , the Mg component in the Mg material 5 is gasified by plasma heat, and the reaction of 3Mg (gas) + N 2 → Mg 3 N 2 proceeds.
[0014]
FIG. 3 is a third principle diagram of the method for generating a reducing gas according to the present invention, in which Mg-containing material 7 is supplied onto oxide film 1 by supply means 6 and 6.
When the electron e is irradiated from the electrode 3 to the Mg-containing material 7 under the working gas N 2 , the Mg component is gasified by plasma heat, and the reaction of 3Mg (gas) + N 2 → Mg 3 N 2 proceeds.
[0015]
4 (a) to 4 (c) are principle diagrams of the surface alloying treatment method according to the present invention, and a specific treatment using the first principle among the above-described methods for generating a reducing gas will be described.
In (a), the electrode 3 and the metal powder supply means 4 face the aluminum material 2 covered with the oxide film 1, and the DC power supply 5 is set so that the aluminum material 2 side is "+" and the electrode 3 side is "-". And the processing atmosphere is Ar + N 2 .
The aluminum material 2 contains an appropriate amount of (Mg). When the electrode 3 for emitting electrons e, the reducing gas by the first principles (Mg 3 N 2) can be generated.
In (b), the oxide film 1 is removed by the reaction formula of Mg 3 N 2 + 2Al 2 O 3 + 3Mg → 2AlN + 6MgO + 2Al.
In view of this, the metal powder for alloying is added from the metal powder supply means 4 to the aluminum material 2 from which the oxide film 1 has been removed in (c), and the aluminum material 2 and the metal powder are irradiated with a DC plasma arc from the electrode 3, The surface of the aluminum material 2 is melted by the arc heat to form an alloy with the metal powder.
Although a specific example will be described in the embodiment, the processing unit at this time is narrow and deep.
[0016]
【Example】
Examples of the present invention will be described below. Examples are: (1) comparison between DC plasma method and conventional AC plasma method, ( 2 ) appropriate amount of N2 in the present invention, (3) preferred Mg amount of aluminum material in the present invention, (4) An example in which the method of the present invention is applied to surface strengthening of an intake valve, and (5) an example in which the method of the present invention is applied to surface strengthening of a cylinder head, will be described sequentially.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the principle of the plasma torch, which is provided for convenience of the following description. That is, the plasma torch 10 concentrically surrounds the tungsten electrode 11 (corresponding to the electrode 3) with the nozzle 12 and the shield cap 13, and allows a center gas (corresponding to the working gas) to flow between the electrode 11 and the nozzle 12. It has a structure in which a shield gas flows between the nozzle 12 and the shield cap 13.
[0017]
(1) Comparison between DC plasma method and conventional AC plasma method;
[0018]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003552330
[0019]
Example 1 is based on a DC plasma method, in which the center gas flow rate is 0.55 l / min of Ar (argon gas) +0.05 l / min of N 2 , the shielding gas flow rate is 9 l / min, the current is 100/80/120 A, Surface alloying treatment was performed using aluminum material of AC7A-JIS and metal powder for alloy of 10 mg / cm 2 of Cr 3 C 2 . Since the AC7A-JIS contains 3.5 to 5.5 wt% Mg, the plasma arc of the present invention can be formed favorably.
Comparative Example 1 was based on the conventional AC plasma method, and the center gas flow rate was changed to Ar 0.6 l / min (that is, N 2 was not mixed), and the other conditions were the same as in Example 1.
[0020]
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the width and the depth of the processing unit according to the present invention, where the width is W and the depth is d as schematically illustrated below the graph.
Example 1 has a smaller width W and a larger depth d than Comparative Example 1. Therefore, according to the method of the present invention, a narrow and deep alloy layer can be formed.
[0021]
( 2) an appropriate amount of N 2 in the present invention;
In the first embodiment, the center gas is Ar 0.55 l / min + N 2 0.05 l / min. However, it is important to check the appropriate amount of N 2 . Therefore, the present inventors conducted an experiment under the following conditions.
[0022]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003552330
[0023]
In Comparative Example 2, since the center gas was only Ar, the reducing gas of the present invention could not be formed, and the oxide film could not be removed.
Example 2 has an N 2 / Ar ratio of 1.7%, Example 3 has an N 2 / Ar ratio of 10%, Example 4 has an N 2 / Ar ratio of 20%, and Example 5 has an N 2 / Ar ratio. Was 33%, so that the treatment result was good.
[0024]
In Comparative Example 3, the N 2 / Ar ratio was set to 43%, and the processing result was poor. As is well known, at the same height of the torch, as compared with the case where the center gas to Ar, in the case of N 2 required voltage is approximately doubled. That is, it is impossible to generate a predetermined plasma arc with N 2 to be double the voltage. Therefore, good plasma arc when the ratio of N 2 becomes excessive is not obtained as in Comparative Example 3 can not be obtained the desired processing result.
Therefore, in the method of the present invention, it is desirable that the N 2 / Ar ratio of the center gas is in the range of 1.7% to 33%. Within this range, the voltage and current values can be appropriately suppressed.
{Circle around (3)} An appropriate amount of Mg of the aluminum material in the present invention;
It is important to determine the amount of Mg necessary to successfully form a DC plasma arc. Therefore, aluminum materials having different Mg contents were examined. The conditions and results are shown in FIG.
[0025]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003552330
[0026]
In Comparative Example 4, since the Mg in the aluminum material was 0, sufficient reducing gas could not be generated, and no plasma arc was obtained.
In Examples 6, 7, 8, and 9, an appropriate amount of reducing gas was generated, and a good DC plasma arc could be obtained.
Therefore, it was found that an aluminum material containing Mg in the range of 2.0 to 20 wt% is suitable.
[0027]
{Circle around (4)} Example in which the method of the present invention is applied to surface strengthening of an intake valve;
FIG. 7 is an operation diagram when the intake valve is alloyed by the method of the present invention. The alloying process is performed by the plasma torch 10 while the metal powder is supplied from the metal powder supply means 4 to the intake valve 20. The processing conditions at that time are as shown in Table 3, the material of the intake valve 20 is 7075 (aluminum alloy), and the metal powder for the alloy is 30 wt% of Cr 3 C 2 , 10 wt% of Mo, and Fe 30 wt%, Ni was 10 wt%, the balance was made of AC2B powder, and the supply amount from the nozzle was 8 g / min. The composition of the AC2B powder is an aluminum alloy specified in JIS5202.
[0028]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003552330
[0029]
As a result of the treatment, the surface hardness was 210 in Hv (Vickers hardness), and the surface hardness before treatment was 60 in Hv, indicating that the surface was sufficiently cured.
[0030]
{Circle over (5)} Examples in which the method of the present invention is applied to surface strengthening of a cylinder head;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of a cylinder head of a gasoline engine. An alloying process is performed by a plasma torch 10 while supplying metal powder from a metal powder supply unit 4 to a valve seat 31 of a cylinder head 30. The processing conditions at that time are as shown in Table 4, the material of the cylinder head 30 is AC2B-JIS (aluminum casting), and the metal powder for alloy contains 5 wt% of Cr 3 C 2 , 10 wt% of Mo, Fe was 10 wt%, Ni was 10 wt%, Cr was 5 wt%, and the balance was composed of Cr powder, and the supply amount from the nozzle was 8 g / min. Since AC2B-JIS contains 5 to 7 wt% of Mg, the plasma arc of the present invention can be favorably formed.
[0031]
[Table 5]
Figure 0003552330
[0032]
Here, the penetration rate is a% display value defined by (depth of penetration into the base material) / (depth of penetration into the base material + height of swelling outward from the surface).
As a result of the treatment, the penetration rate was 20%, the surface hardness was 180 to 210 in Hv (Vickers hardness), and the surface hardness before treatment was 40 to 50 in Hv. Thus, the surface was sufficiently cured.
[0033]
Then, the treated cylinder head 30 was machine-finished, assembled into a cylinder block, a gasoline engine was completed, and continuous operation at 6000 rpm for 100 hours was performed as an evaluation test. When the engine after operation was disassembled and the valve seat 31 of the cylinder head 30 was inspected, no crack was found.
When a similar evaluation test is performed on a cylinder block that is not subjected to this type of reforming treatment, fine cracks may occur in the valve seat, and the modified product according to the present invention has a higher durability than the non-modified product. Improvement was observed.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention has the following effects by the above configuration.
In the first aspect, the surface of the aluminum material is covered with Mg 3 N 2 gas , and the surface is melted by a DC plasma arc, and a metal powder for alloy is added to form an alloy of the metal powder and the aluminum material on the surface. In this manner, the oxide film on the surface of the aluminum material is destroyed with Mg 3 N 2 gas to expose the aluminum material, and a plasma arc can be applied to the aluminum material, and the plasma arc travels the shortest distance. In addition, since it is not affected by the variation of the thickness of the oxide film, narrow and deep processing can be performed.
[0036]
Since the Mg 3 N 2 gas used in claim 1 is generated by reacting the N 2 in the working gas with the Mg component in the aluminum material or the Mg component supplied from the outside, the Mg 3 N 2 gas can be easily generated, High production costs can be suppressed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a first principle diagram of a method for generating a reducing gas according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is a second principle diagram of a method for generating a reducing gas according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a third principle diagram of the method for producing a reducing gas according to the present invention.
Principle of the surface alloying treatment method according to the present invention [FIG. 5]
Principle diagram of plasma torch [Fig. 6]
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the width and depth of the processing unit according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is an operation diagram when the intake valve is alloyed by the method of the present invention.
Sectional view of main part of cylinder head of gasoline engine [Fig. 9]
Principle diagram of the AC plasma method conventionally used for aluminum materials [Fig. 10]
Enlarged view of conventional AC plasma method [Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Oxide film, 2 ... Aluminum material, 3 ... Electrode, 4 ... Metal powder supply means, 5 ... DC power supply, 10 ... Plasma torch.

Claims (1)

アルミニウム材の表面をMg ガスで覆い、前記表面を直流プラズマアークで溶融しつつ合金用金属粉末を添加し、この金属粉末とアルミニウム材との合金を表面に形成するアルミニウム材の表面合金化処理方法であって、前記Mg ガスは、作動ガスの一部であるN ガスを、アルミニウム材中のMg成分又は外部から供給したMg成分と反応させて生成することを特徴とするアルミニウム材の表面合金化処理方法。A surface alloy of an aluminum material in which the surface of an aluminum material is covered with Mg 3 N 2 gas, and the surface is melted by a DC plasma arc, and a metal powder for an alloy is added to form an alloy of the metal powder and the aluminum material on the surface. Wherein the Mg 3 N 2 gas is generated by reacting an N 2 gas which is a part of a working gas with a Mg component in an aluminum material or a Mg component supplied from outside. Alloying method for aluminum materials to be used.
JP9152895A 1995-03-24 1995-03-24 Surface alloying treatment method for aluminum material Expired - Fee Related JP3552330B2 (en)

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