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JP3553689B2 - Organic electroluminescence device - Google Patents
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JP3553689B2 - Organic electroluminescence device - Google Patents

Organic electroluminescence device Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3553689B2
JP3553689B2 JP14271395A JP14271395A JP3553689B2 JP 3553689 B2 JP3553689 B2 JP 3553689B2 JP 14271395 A JP14271395 A JP 14271395A JP 14271395 A JP14271395 A JP 14271395A JP 3553689 B2 JP3553689 B2 JP 3553689B2
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Prior art keywords
organic
light emitting
injection electrode
light
hole injection
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JP14271395A
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JPH08315983A (en
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祐次 浜田
健志 佐野
賢一 柴田
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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Priority to JP14271395A priority Critical patent/JP3553689B2/en
Priority to US08/638,734 priority patent/US5779937A/en
Priority to DE69636630T priority patent/DE69636630T2/en
Priority to EP03006651A priority patent/EP1323808B1/en
Priority to EP96106920A priority patent/EP0743809B1/en
Priority to DE69630415T priority patent/DE69630415T2/en
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
この発明は、ホール注入電極と電子注入電極との間に、少なくとも有機発光材料を含有する発光層が設けられてなる有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子に係り、特に、白色の発光が簡単に得られる有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、平面発光素子の一つとして、エレクトロルミネッセンス素子(以下、EL素子と略す。)が注目されている。
【0003】
そして、このEL素子は、使用する材料によって無機EL素子と有機EL素子とに大別され、無機EL素子は、一般に発光部に高電界を作用させ、電子をこの高電界中で加速して発光中心に衝突させ、これにより発光中心を励起させて発光させるようになっている一方、有機EL素子は、電子注入電極とホール注入電極とからそれぞれ電子とホールとを発光部内に注入し、このように注入された電子とホールとを発光中心で再結合させて、有機分子を励起状態にし、この有機分子が励起状態から基底状態に戻るときに蛍光を発光するようになっている。
【0004】
ここで、上記の無機EL素子の場合、高電界を作用させるために、その駆動電圧として100〜200Vと高い電圧を必要とするのに対し、有機EL素子においては、5〜20V程度の低い電圧で駆動できるという利点があり、近年、このような有機EL素子について様々な研究が行なわれるようになった。
【0005】
そして、上記の有機EL素子における素子構造として、ホール注入電極と電子注入電極との間にホール輸送層と発光層と電子輸送層とを積層させたDH構造と称される三層構造のものや、ホール注入電極と電子注入電極との間にホール輸送層と電子輸送性に富む発光層とが積層されたSH−A構造と称される二層構造のものや、ホール注入電極と電子注入電極との間にホール輸送性に富む発光層と電子輸送層とが積層されたSH−B構造と称される二層構造のものが開発されている。
【0006】
また、このような有機EL素子は、優れた特性を持つ発光素子として様々な分野での利用が期待され、低電圧で面発光できることから、液晶表示素子等のバックライトとしての利用が考えられた。
【0007】
ここで、バックライトとして利用する場合、液晶表示を見易くする等の点から白色発光が要求されるが、従来より利用されている有機EL素子は、一般に緑色等の色彩を持って発光し、白色の発光を行なう有機EL素子が要望されるようになった。
【0008】
そこで、近年においては、上記のような有機EL素子が白色の発光を行なうようにするため、▲1▼RGB(赤,緑,青)の3種類の発光材料をドーパントとして用い、ホスト材料にこれをドープしてRGBの3原色を均等に発光させて白色の発光を得るようにしたもの[j.Kido, K.Hongawa, K.Okuyama, and K.Nagai; Appl. Phys. Lett. 64 (1994) 815]や、▲2▼RGBの3種類の発光材料を用いた3種類の発光層を積層させ、各発光層からそれぞれRGBの3原色を均等に発光させて白色の発光を得るようにしたもの[佐藤、第55回応用物理学会学術講演会講演予稿集No.3、19p−H−7(1994)]が提案された。
【0009】
ここで、上記▲1▼,▲2▼の何れのものもRGB(赤,緑,青)の3種類の発光材料を均等に発光させることが必要となるが、これらの発光強度が均等になるように調整するためには、これらの発光材料のドープ量や膜厚等を厳格に制御しなければならず、その製造が非常に困難であり、白色発光の再現性が悪く、発光させた場合に白色にある種の色を帯びる等の問題があった。
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
この発明は、有機EL素子における上記のような問題を解決することを課題とするものであり、簡単に再現性のよい白色発光が得られるようにすることを課題とするものである。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この発明においては、上記のような課題を解決するため、ホール注入電極と電子注入電極との間に、少なくとも有機発光材料を含有する発光層が設けられてなる有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子において、上記の発光層に発光ピーク波長が450〜570nmの範囲にあり、かつ半値幅が100〜200nmの範囲にある有機発光材料を含有させるようにしたのである。
【0012】
ここで、発光層に発光ピーク波長が450〜570nmの範囲にあり、かつ半値幅が100〜200nmの範囲にある有機発光材料を含有させるようにしたのは、白色の発光が得られるようにするためであり、好ましくは、発光ピーク波長が520nm前後の範囲にあり、かつ半値幅が150nm前後の範囲にある有機発光材料を含有させるようにする。
【0013】
そして、上記のような有機発光材料としては、例えば、下記の化1に示すような2−(2−ヒドロキシフェニル)ベンゾチアゾールの誘導体と金属との錯体を用いることが好ましい。なお、下記の化1におけるR ,R は置換基の他、ベンゼン環と結合して多環芳香族化合物を形成するものであってもよい。
【0014】
【化1】

Figure 0003553689
【0015】
また、上記の化1に示す誘導体と錯体を形成するのに使用する金属としては、発光層から白色の発光が得られるようにするため、亜鉛やベリリウム等を用いることが好ましい。
【0016】
また、上記の有機EL素子においては、そのホール注入電極として、金やITO(インジウム−スズ酸化物)等の仕事関数の大きな材料を用いるようにする一方、電子注入電極としては、マグネシウム等の仕事関数の小さな電極材料を用いるようにし、EL光を取り出すために、少なくとも一方の電極を透明にする必要があり、一般にはホール注入電極に透明で仕事関数の大きいITOを用いるようにする。
【0017】
また、この発明における有機EL素子の素子構造は、前記のDH構造,SH−A構造,SH−B構造の何れの構造のものであっても良い。
【0018】
【作用】
この発明における有機EL素子においては、上記のように発光層に発光ピーク波長が450〜570nmの範囲にあり、かつ半値幅が100〜200nmの範囲にある有機発光材料、例えば、前記の化1に示す2−(2−ヒドロキシフェニル)ベンゾチアゾールの誘導体と金属との錯体を含有させるようにしたため、この有機EL素子における上記のホール注入電極と電子注入電極とにバイアスを印加して、ホール注入電極からホールを注入する一方、電子注入電極から電子を注入し、このように注入されたホールと電子とを再結合させて、発光層に含有された上記の有機発光材料を発光させると、従来のように、RGB個々の発光を行なう3種類の発光材料を使用しなくても、RGBの3原色が適当な割合になった白色の発光が得られるようになる。
【0019】
【実施例】
以下、この発明の実施例に係る有機EL素子を添付図面に基づいて具体的に説明する。
【0020】
(実施例1)
この実施例における有機EL素子においては、発光層に使用する有機発光材料として、下記の化2に示した2−(2−ヒドロキシフェニル)ベンゾチアゾール(以下、BTZという。)と亜鉛との錯体(以下、ZnBTZという。)を用いるようにした。なお、このZnBTZの発光ピーク波長は524nm、半値幅は150nmであった。
【0021】
【化2】
Figure 0003553689
【0022】
ここで、上記のZnBTZを合成するにあたっては、200mlのナス型フラスコにBTZを2g(8.80mmol)と溶媒のメタノールを30ml加え、この反応系に酢酸亜鉛2水和物を0.97g(4.40mmol)加えた後、上記フラスコに冷却管を取り付けて開放系で6時間還流させた。そして、析出した沈殿物を濾別して乾燥させた後、これをトレイン・サブリメーション法を用いた昇華精製装置[H.J.Wagner, R.O.Loutfy, and C.K.Hsiao ; J.Mater. Sci. Vol.17 ,P2781 (1982)]によって精製し、上記のZnBTZを得た。
【0023】
そして、この実施例においては、図1に示すように、ガラス基板1上にインジウム−スズ酸化物(以下、ITOという。)で構成されて膜厚が2000Åになった透明なホール注入電極2を形成し、このホール注入電極2上に下記の化3に示すN,N’−ジフェニル−N,N’−ビス(3−メチルフェニル)−1,1’−ビフェニル−4,4’−ジアミン(以下、TPDという。)で構成されて膜厚が500Åになったホール輸送層3と、前記の化2に示したZnBTZで構成されて膜厚が500Åになった発光層4と、マグネシウム・インジウム合金で構成されて膜厚が2000Åになった電子注入電極5とを順々に形成して、SH−A構造になった有機EL素子を得た。そして、上記のホール注入電極2と電子注入電極5とにそれぞれリード線を接続して、ホール注入電極2に+、電子注入電極6に−のバイアス電圧を印加させるようにした。
【0024】
【化3】
Figure 0003553689
【0025】
ここで、この実施例の有機EL素子を製造する方法を具体的に説明すると、先ず、ITOで構成されたホール注入電極2が表面に形成されたガラス基板1を中性洗剤により洗浄した後、これをアセトン中で20分間、エタノール中で20分間それぞれ超音波洗浄し、さらに上記のガラス基板1を沸騰したエタノール中に約1分間入れて取り出した後、このガラス基板1をすぐに送風乾燥させた。
【0026】
次いで、このガラス基板1上に形成された上記のホール注入電極2上に前記のTPDを真空蒸着させてホール輸送層3を形成した後、このホール輸送層3上に前記のZnBTZを真空蒸着させて発光層4を形成し、さらにこの発光層4上にマグネシウム・インジウム合金を真空蒸着させて電子注入電極5を形成して、この実施例の有機EL素子を得た。なお、これらの真空蒸着は、何れも真空度1×10−6Torrで、基板温度を制御しないで行なった。
【0027】
そして、この実施例の有機EL素子におけるホール注入電極2を+、電子注入電極6を−にバイアスして電圧を印加すると、8Vの電圧で最高輝度が10190cd/m になった高輝度の白色発光が得られた。
【0028】
なお、この実施例においては、素子構造がSH−A構造になった有機EL素子の例を示しただけであるが、この発明における有機EL素子はSH−A構造のものに限られず、前記のDH構造やSH−B構造のものであっても同様の効果が得られる。
【0029】
【発明の効果】
以上詳述したように、この発明における有機EL素子においては、発光層に前記のような有機発光材料を用いるようにしたため、RGBの3種類の発光材料を使用して白色の発光を得る従来の有機EL素子のように、各発光材料における発光強度が均等になるようにするため、各発光材料のドープ量や膜厚等を厳格に制御するという必要がなく、1種類の有機発光材料によってRGBの3原色が適当な割合になった白色の発光が簡単に得られるようになった。
【0030】
この結果、この発明における有機EL素子は、液晶表示素子のバックライト等として好適に使用することができるようになり、またその製造も従来に比べて簡単でかつ安価になった。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】この発明の実施例における有機EL素子の概略図である。
【符号の説明】
1 ガラス基板
2 ホール注入電極
4 発光層
5 電子注入電極[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to an organic electroluminescence device in which a light emitting layer containing at least an organic light emitting material is provided between a hole injection electrode and an electron injection electrode, and more particularly to an organic electroluminescence device that can easily obtain white light emission. It concerns an element.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, an electroluminescent element (hereinafter, abbreviated as an EL element) has attracted attention as one of the planar light emitting elements.
[0003]
The EL element is roughly classified into an inorganic EL element and an organic EL element depending on a material to be used. In general, an inorganic EL element applies a high electric field to a light emitting portion, accelerates electrons in the high electric field, and emits light. The organic EL device injects electrons and holes from the electron injection electrode and the hole injection electrode into the light emitting portion, respectively, while colliding with the center to excite the emission center to emit light. The electrons and holes injected into the semiconductor are recombined at the emission center to bring the organic molecules into an excited state, and emit fluorescence when the organic molecules return from the excited state to the ground state.
[0004]
Here, in the case of the above-mentioned inorganic EL element, a high voltage of 100 to 200 V is required as a driving voltage to apply a high electric field, whereas a low voltage of about 5 to 20 V is required in the organic EL element. In recent years, various studies have been conducted on such an organic EL device.
[0005]
The organic EL element has a three-layer structure called a DH structure in which a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, and an electron transport layer are stacked between a hole injection electrode and an electron injection electrode. A two-layer structure called an SH-A structure in which a hole transport layer and a light emitting layer rich in electron transport properties are stacked between a hole injection electrode and an electron injection electrode, or a hole injection electrode and an electron injection electrode A two-layer structure called an SH-B structure in which a light-emitting layer having a high hole-transport property and an electron-transport layer are stacked between them has been developed.
[0006]
Further, such an organic EL element is expected to be used in various fields as a light emitting element having excellent characteristics, and can be used as a backlight of a liquid crystal display element or the like because it can emit light at low voltage. .
[0007]
Here, when used as a backlight, white light emission is required from the viewpoint of making the liquid crystal display easier to see. However, conventionally used organic EL elements generally emit light having a color such as green and emit white light. There has been a demand for an organic EL element that emits light.
[0008]
Therefore, in recent years, in order to make the above-described organic EL element emit white light, (1) three kinds of light emitting materials of RGB (red, green, blue) are used as dopants, and this is used as a host material. To emit white light by uniformly emitting the three primary colors of RGB [j. Kido, K .; Hongawa, K .; Okuyama, and K. Nagai; Appl. Phys. Lett. 64 (1994) 815] and (2) three kinds of light emitting layers using three kinds of light emitting materials of RGB are laminated, and the three primary colors of RGB are uniformly emitted from each light emitting layer to obtain white light emission. [Sato, Proceedings of the 55th Annual Conference of the Japan Society of Applied Physics No. 3, 19p-H-7 (1994)].
[0009]
Here, in any of the above (1) and (2), it is necessary to make the three kinds of light emitting materials of RGB (red, green, blue) emit light equally, but these light emission intensities become equal. In order to make such adjustments, it is necessary to strictly control the doping amount, film thickness, and the like of these light-emitting materials, and its production is extremely difficult, and the reproducibility of white light emission is poor. There is a problem that a certain color is taken in white.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems in the organic EL element, and to provide a white light emission with good reproducibility easily.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the present invention, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the organic electroluminescent device comprising a light-emitting layer containing at least an organic light-emitting material between a hole injection electrode and an electron injection electrode, The layer contains an organic light emitting material having an emission peak wavelength in the range of 450 to 570 nm and a half width in the range of 100 to 200 nm.
[0012]
Here, the reason that the light emitting layer contains an organic light emitting material having an emission peak wavelength in the range of 450 to 570 nm and a half width in the range of 100 to 200 nm is to obtain white light emission. For this reason, preferably, an organic light emitting material having an emission peak wavelength in the range of about 520 nm and a half width in the range of about 150 nm is contained.
[0013]
As the above organic light emitting material, for example, it is preferable to use a complex of a metal of 2- (2-hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole and a metal as shown in the following chemical formula 1. In addition, R 1 and R 2 in the following Chemical Formula 1 may form a polycyclic aromatic compound by bonding to a benzene ring in addition to a substituent.
[0014]
Embedded image
Figure 0003553689
[0015]
Further, as a metal used to form a complex with the derivative shown in Chemical formula 1, it is preferable to use zinc, beryllium, or the like so that white light can be emitted from the light-emitting layer.
[0016]
In the organic EL device, a material having a large work function such as gold or ITO (indium-tin oxide) is used as the hole injection electrode, while a work such as magnesium is used as the electron injection electrode. In order to use an electrode material having a small function and extract EL light, at least one of the electrodes needs to be transparent. In general, a transparent ITO having a large work function is used for a hole injection electrode.
[0017]
Further, the element structure of the organic EL element in the present invention may be any one of the above-mentioned DH structure, SH-A structure and SH-B structure.
[0018]
[Action]
In the organic EL device according to the present invention, as described above, the light-emitting layer has an emission peak wavelength in the range of 450 to 570 nm and a half-value width in the range of 100 to 200 nm. Since a complex of a metal derivative and a derivative of 2- (2-hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole shown in FIG. 1 is contained, a bias is applied to the hole injection electrode and the electron injection electrode in the organic EL device, and a hole injection electrode is formed. While holes are injected from the electron injection electrode, electrons are injected from the electron injection electrode, and the holes and electrons thus injected are recombined to emit light from the organic light emitting material contained in the light emitting layer. As described above, white light emission with an appropriate ratio of the three primary colors of RGB can be obtained without using three kinds of light emitting materials that emit light of RGB individually. To become.
[0019]
【Example】
Hereinafter, an organic EL device according to an embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0020]
(Example 1)
In the organic EL device in this example, a complex of zinc (hereinafter, referred to as BTZ) and 2- (2-hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole shown in Chemical Formula 2 below as an organic light-emitting material used for the light-emitting layer. Hereinafter, referred to as ZnBTZ). The emission peak wavelength of this ZnBTZ was 524 nm, and the half width was 150 nm.
[0021]
Embedded image
Figure 0003553689
[0022]
Here, in synthesizing the above-mentioned ZnBTZ, 2 g (8.80 mmol) of BTZ and 30 ml of methanol as a solvent were added to a 200 ml eggplant-shaped flask, and 0.97 g (4%) of zinc acetate dihydrate was added to the reaction system. After the addition, a cooling tube was attached to the flask and the mixture was refluxed for 6 hours in an open system. Then, the deposited precipitate was separated by filtration and dried, and then this was purified by a sublimation purification apparatus [H. J. Wagner, R.A. O. Loutfy, and C.W. K. Hsiao; Mater. Sci. Vol. 17, P2781 (1982)] to obtain the above ZnBTZ.
[0023]
In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, a transparent hole injection electrode 2 made of indium-tin oxide (hereinafter, referred to as ITO) and having a thickness of 2000 ° is formed on a glass substrate 1. And N, N′-diphenyl-N, N′-bis (3-methylphenyl) -1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (Chemical Formula 3) shown below on the hole injection electrode 2. A hole transport layer 3 made of TPD) and having a thickness of 500 °, a light emitting layer 4 made of ZnBTZ shown in Chemical Formula 2 and having a thickness of 500 °, and magnesium-indium. An electron injection electrode 5 made of an alloy and having a film thickness of 2000 ° was sequentially formed to obtain an organic EL device having an SH-A structure. Then, lead wires were connected to the hole injection electrode 2 and the electron injection electrode 5, respectively, so that a positive bias voltage was applied to the hole injection electrode 2 and a negative voltage was applied to the electron injection electrode 6.
[0024]
Embedded image
Figure 0003553689
[0025]
Here, the method for manufacturing the organic EL device of this embodiment will be specifically described. First, after the glass substrate 1 on the surface of which the hole injection electrode 2 made of ITO is formed is washed with a neutral detergent, This was ultrasonically washed in acetone for 20 minutes and in ethanol for 20 minutes, and the above glass substrate 1 was put in boiling ethanol for about 1 minute and taken out. Was.
[0026]
Next, the above-mentioned TPD is vacuum-deposited on the above-mentioned hole injection electrode 2 formed on the glass substrate 1 to form the hole transport layer 3, and then the above-mentioned ZnBTZ is deposited on this hole transport layer 3 by vacuum deposition. Then, a light emitting layer 4 was formed, and a magnesium-indium alloy was vacuum-deposited on the light emitting layer 4 to form an electron injection electrode 5, whereby an organic EL device of this example was obtained. The vacuum deposition was performed at a degree of vacuum of 1 × 10 −6 Torr without controlling the substrate temperature.
[0027]
When a voltage is applied by biasing the hole injection electrode 2 to + and the electron injection electrode 6 to-in the organic EL element of this embodiment, a high-luminance white color having a maximum luminance of 10190 cd / m 2 at a voltage of 8 V is obtained. Luminescence was obtained.
[0028]
In this embodiment, only the example of the organic EL element having the element structure of the SH-A structure is shown. However, the organic EL element in the present invention is not limited to the element having the SH-A structure. Similar effects can be obtained even with a DH structure or an SH-B structure.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
As described in detail above, in the organic EL device of the present invention, since the above-mentioned organic light emitting material is used for the light emitting layer, a conventional white light emitting device using three kinds of light emitting materials of RGB is used. Unlike the organic EL element, in order to make the light emission intensity of each light emitting material uniform, it is not necessary to strictly control the doping amount and the film thickness of each light emitting material. White light emission with an appropriate ratio of the three primary colors was easily obtained.
[0030]
As a result, the organic EL device according to the present invention can be suitably used as a backlight of a liquid crystal display device and the like, and its manufacture is simpler and less expensive than before.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an organic EL device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Glass substrate 2 Hole injection electrode 4 Light emitting layer 5 Electron injection electrode

Claims (1)

ホール注入電極と電子注入電極との間に、少なくとも有機ホール輸送性材料を含有するホール輸送層と、有機発光材料を含有する発光層とが設けられてなる有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子において、上記の有機ホール輸送性材料に、N,NAn organic electroluminescence device comprising a hole transporting layer containing at least an organic hole transporting material and a light emitting layer containing an organic light emitting material provided between a hole injecting electrode and an electron injecting electrode. N, N '' −ジフェニル−N,N-Diphenyl-N, N '' −ビス(3−メチルフェニル)−1,1-Bis (3-methylphenyl) -1,1 '' −ビフェニル−4,4-Biphenyl-4,4 '' −ジアミンを用いると共に、上記の有機発光材料に、2−(2−ヒドロキシフェニル)ベンゾチアゾール又はその誘導体と、亜鉛との錯体を用いたことを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。-An organic electroluminescence device using a diamine and using a complex of 2- (2-hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole or a derivative thereof and zinc as the organic light emitting material.
JP14271395A 1995-05-16 1995-05-16 Organic electroluminescence device Expired - Lifetime JP3553689B2 (en)

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JP14271395A JP3553689B2 (en) 1995-05-16 1995-05-16 Organic electroluminescence device
US08/638,734 US5779937A (en) 1995-05-16 1996-04-29 Organic electroluminescent device
DE69636630T DE69636630T2 (en) 1995-05-16 1996-05-02 Organic electroluminescent device
EP03006651A EP1323808B1 (en) 1995-05-16 1996-05-02 Organic Electroluminescent Device
EP96106920A EP0743809B1 (en) 1995-05-16 1996-05-02 Organic electroluminescent device
DE69630415T DE69630415T2 (en) 1995-05-16 1996-05-02 Organic electroluminescent device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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JP2000238318A (en) * 1999-02-17 2000-09-05 Futaba Corp Organic el print head
JP2002184581A (en) 2000-12-13 2002-06-28 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Organic light emitting device
US7078856B2 (en) 2002-03-26 2006-07-18 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Wavelength variable light source
KR100994083B1 (en) 2003-07-31 2010-11-12 미쓰비시 가가꾸 가부시키가이샤 Compound, charge transport material and organic electroluminescent device
KR20120004778A (en) 2010-07-07 2012-01-13 삼성모바일디스플레이주식회사 Organic materials and organic light emitting device comprising the same
JP5601064B2 (en) 2010-07-21 2014-10-08 富士ゼロックス株式会社 Photoelectric conversion device, electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus
US8748070B2 (en) 2011-01-28 2014-06-10 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Thiol group-containing charge transporting material, thiol group-containing charge transporting material-dissolving solution, photoelectric conversion device, electrophotographic photoreceptor, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge

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