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JP3554445B2 - Abnormal noise judgment device - Google Patents
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JP3554445B2 - Abnormal noise judgment device - Google Patents

Abnormal noise judgment device Download PDF

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JP3554445B2
JP3554445B2 JP23532696A JP23532696A JP3554445B2 JP 3554445 B2 JP3554445 B2 JP 3554445B2 JP 23532696 A JP23532696 A JP 23532696A JP 23532696 A JP23532696 A JP 23532696A JP 3554445 B2 JP3554445 B2 JP 3554445B2
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Prior art keywords
noise
frequency
amplitude
order component
overall value
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JPH1082689A (en
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恵伸 野口
精一 永田
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KYB Corp
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KYB Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ポンプ等の機械の完成検査工程などにおいて、運転中の機械が発生する騒音から異音を検出して、製品の良否を判定する装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
油圧ポンプ等の機械の製造工程においては、組み立て完了後のポンプを運転して完成検査を行っており、油圧ポンプが発生する騒音や振動から組み付け不良などを判定することができ、作業者の聴覚及び主観に基づいてこの判定を行っている。
【0003】
この判定作業は、騒音の中に含まれる異音を、騒音の音色などから作業者の経験に基づいて判定を行うものである。
【0004】
上記判定作業では、作業者の健康状態や熟練度等の要因から、常時安定した判定を行うことが難しく、この異音の判定作業を自動的に行うものも知られている。
【0005】
これは、心理学的手法で調べた人間の騒音に対する感覚量と、検出した騒音信号の特徴との相関関係を統計的手法によって予め求めておき、判定対象となる機械騒音を周波数分析装置などにより、騒音信号の特徴を検出し、この信号的特徴から人間の感覚量への変換を、上記相関関係を利用して行っている。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記従来例では、分析装置による信号処理では測定結果として騒音の振幅といった物理量を表示あるいは出力し、人間の感覚量への変換は、この物理量と上記予め求めた騒音の物理量と人間の感覚量の相関関係から2次的に求める必要があり、判定作業が煩雑となるだけでなく、完成検査に要する時間が増大するという問題があった。
【0007】
そこで本発明は、上記問題点に鑑みてなされたもので、検出した機械騒音から直接的に人間の感覚量に応じた異音判定を安定して行うことを目的とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
発明は、図9に示すように、機械作動中の騒音又は振動をサンプリングする騒音サンプリング手段50と、前記サンプリングされた騒音データから周波数に応じた騒音の振幅を演算する周波数分析手段51とを備えて、周波数と振幅の演算結果に応じて機械騒音に含まれる異音を判定する異音判定装置において、前記サンプリングデータに基づいてオーバーオール値を演算するオーバーオール値演算手段52と、前記機械の周期的な運動をサンプリングする運動周期サンプリング手段53と、この運動周期サンプリング手段53が検出した周期から次数成分周波数を演算する次数成分周波数演算手段54と、前記周波数分析手段51の演算結果から、次数成分周波数演算手段54で求めた次数成分周波数に対応する周波数成分の振幅を検索する次数成分振幅演算手段55と、この次数成分周波数に対応した振幅と、前記オーバーオール値から所定の感覚量を演算する感覚量変換手段56とを備え、前記感覚量変換手段56は、以下の式によって前記感覚量を算出する
【数2】

Figure 0003554445
ただし、Yは感覚量、B0は定数、Bkは統計的手法によって予め設定された定数、nは測定対象の騒音の種類に応じて予め設定される値、Lkは次数成分周波数の振幅、Laはオーバーオール値計算部で求めたオーバーオール値とする。
【0010】
【作用】
したがって、発明は、機械作動中の騒音と運動周期がそれぞれサンプリングされ、サンプリングした騒音データから周波数に応じた騒音の振幅と、オーバーオール値が演算される一方、運動周期から次数成分周波数が演算され、この次数成分周波数に応じた騒音の振幅を求め、この振幅とオーバーオール値から直接的に人間の感覚量へ変換することができ、例えば、検出した騒音を「ざらつき」に変換し、この「ざらつき」が所定値を超えると異音と判定することができ、物理量から直接感覚量を求めて、迅速かつ安定して機械騒音中の異音を判定できる。
【0011】
また、発明は、次数成分周波数に対応する振幅とオーバーオール値の差に基づいて所定の感覚量を統計的に演算するため、サンプリングした騒音データを任意の感覚量として求めることができる。
【0012】
【実施形態】
以下、本発明の実施形態を添付図面に基づいて説明する。
【0013】
図1は油圧ポンプ等の機械作動音の異音判定装置を示し、油圧ポンプの騒音を含む作動音を検出する手段としてのマイクロホン1の検出信号は、アンプ3で増幅された後、マイクロプロセッサ8を主体とするコントローラ10へ入力され、同時に、運動周期検出手段2は、油圧ポンプの運動周期を検出する回転センサ等で構成されて、検出した周期信号も上記と同様にアンプ4を介してコントローラ10へ入力される。
【0014】
コントローラ10は、上記アンプ3、4からの信号をデジタル信号へ変換するA/D変換器5、6と、演算結果やサンプリングデータ等を記憶するメモリ7及び判定結果を表示する表示装置9が、インターフェースI/Fを介してマイクロプロセッサ8に接続され、図2に示すような騒音信号処理及び人間の感覚量への変換処理が行われる。
【0015】
この図2のブロック図及び上記図1を参照しながら、コントローラ10で行われる処理につて詳述する。
【0016】
まず、マイクロホン1で検出された機械騒音、ここでは油圧ポンプの騒音は、アンプ3で増幅された後、A/D変換器5で騒音データに変換されてから、データサンプリング部によって所定時間測定され、図3(A)のように時間に応じた振幅としてメモリ7へ格納される。
【0017】
メモリ7へ格納された騒音データは、マイクロプロセッサ8の指令に応じて周波数分析処理部でFFT(高速フーリエ変換、以下同様)演算が行われ、図3(A)の騒音データは、図4(A)に示すように、周波数に応じた振幅として表され、さらに、この周波数分析部では、図4(B)のようにFFT演算結果を周波数に応じた振幅として配列化する。
【0018】
上記メモリ7へ格納された騒音データは、FFT演算に加えて、オーバーオール値演算部で、暗騒音を含む測定時の平均値であるオーバーオール値Laが、図5に示すように演算される。
【0019】
一方、運動周期検出手段2からは、図3(B)に示すように、油圧ポンプの回転に応じたパルスが出力され、データサンプリング部はこの周期的なパルスを、上記と同様の所定時間だけサンプリングする。
【0020】
そして、次数成分周波数計算部では、図6に示すように、パルスの周期Δtに応じた1次成分周波数F1より、k次成分周波数Fkを演算する。ただし、k=1〜nで、nは測定対象の騒音の種類に応じて予め設定されるものである。
【0021】
次に、次数成分振幅検出部では、図4(B)のように、周波数分析部で求めた騒音データの周波数に応じた振幅配列と、次数成分周波数計算部で求めた次数成分周波数Fkから、k次成分周波数Fkに対応する周波数成分の振幅Lkを図4(B)の配列より読み込む。
【0022】
こうして、騒音データの周波数分析結果(FFT演算結果)から得た次数成分周波数の振幅Lkと、オーバーオール値計算部で求めたオーバーオール値Laから、感覚量計算部では次のような式に基づいて人間の感覚量Yを演算する。
【0023】
【数3】
Figure 0003554445
【0024】
ただし、Bkは統計的手法によって予め設定された定数であり、B0は定数である。
【0025】
このYは、例えば、「ざらつき」等の人間の感覚量を示し、上記(1)式の演算結果を、図8の(A)又は(B)に示すように、表示装置9へ出力する。
【0026】
そして、作業者はこの「ざらつき」が所定値を超えたときに、製品の不良を識別することができる。
【0027】
こうして、サンプリングした騒音データと、周期信号から、騒音データのオーバーオール値Laと、FFT演算により周波数ごとに対応した振幅を求め、同時に周期信号に基づく次数成分周波数Fkを求め、この次数成分周波数Fkに応じた振幅Lkを調べて、上記(1)式を用いることで、検出した騒音データ及び周期的な周期信号から直接的に人間の感覚量へ変換することが可能となって、前記従来例のように物理量から2次的に感覚量へ変換する必要がなくなって、検出した騒音データから迅速に人間の感覚量を安定して求めることができ、人間による異音判定のような個人差等を排除して常に安定した判定を行うことができ、油圧ポンプなどの機械の完成検査の精度を確保しながら、完成検査工程に要する時間を短縮して生産性を向上させることができるのである。
【0028】
なお、上記実施形態において、人間の感覚量Yを「ざらつき」としたが、「明るさ」や「かたさ」などの感覚量としてもよく、これらの場合では、「明るさ」や「かたさ」といった感覚量に応じたしきい値をそれぞれ設けることで、多種の異音判定を行うことができる。
【0029】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、発明は、機械作動中の騒音と運動周期がそれぞれサンプリングされ、サンプリングした騒音データから周波数に応じた騒音の振幅と、オーバーオール値が演算される一方、運動周期から次数成分周波数が演算され、この次数成分周波数に応じた周波数成分の振幅を求め、この振幅とオーバーオール値から直接的に人間の感覚量へ変換することができ、例えば、検出した騒音を「ざらつき」に変換し、この「ざらつき」が所定値を超えると異音と判定することができ、検出した騒音データ及び周期的な周期信号から直接的に人間の感覚量へ変換することが可能となって、前記従来例のように物理量から2次的に感覚量へ変換する必要がなくなって、検出した騒音データから迅速に人間の感覚量を安定して求めることができ、人間による異音判定のような個人差等を排除して常に安定した判定を行うことができ、油圧ポンプなどの機械の完成検査の精度を確保しながら、完成検査工程に要する時間を短縮して生産性を向上させることができるのである。
【0030】
また、発明は、次数成分周波数に対応する周波数成分の振幅とオーバーオール値の差に基づいて所定の感覚量を統計的に演算するため、サンプリングした騒音データを任意の感覚量として求めることができ、例えば、感覚量を「明るさ」や「かたさ」として変換することで多種の検査を行うことができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施形態を示す異音判定装置の概略構成図。
【図2】コントローラで行われる処理の概念図である。
【図3】入力信号の振幅と時間の関係を示し、(A)はマイクロホンから入力された騒音信号を、(B)は運動周期検出手段から入力された周期信号をそれぞれ示す。
【図4】周波数分析の様子を示し、(A)はFFTによる周波数と振幅の関係を示すグラフで、(B)は周波数ごとに配列化された振幅を示す。
【図5】オーバーオール値の演算の様子を示し、振幅と時間の関係のグラフである。
【図6】周期運動に基づく周期信号と次数成分周波数の関係を示すグラフである。
【図7】各次数成分周波数とFFT演算結果の振幅配列の概略図。
【図8】人間の感覚量に応じた異音表示の様子を示し、(A)はメーター式、(B)は棒グラフ式である。
【図9】第1又は第2の発明に対応するクレーム対応図。
【符号の説明】
1 マイクロホン
2 周期信号検出手段
3、4 アンプ
5、6 A/D変換器
7 メモリ
8 マイクロプロセッサ
9 表示装置
10 コントローラ
50 騒音サンプリング手段
51 周波数分析手段
52オーバーオール値演算手段
53 運動周期サンプリング手段
54 次数成分周波数演算手段
55 次数成分振幅演算手段
56 感覚量変換手段[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an apparatus for detecting abnormal noise from noise generated by a running machine in a completion inspection process of a machine such as a pump, and for determining the quality of a product.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the manufacturing process of machines such as hydraulic pumps, the completion of the assembly is checked by operating the pump after assembly.The noise and vibration generated by the hydraulic pump can be used to determine improper assembly, etc. And the subjectivity is determined.
[0003]
In this determination operation, the abnormal noise included in the noise is determined based on the operator's experience based on the tone color of the noise and the like.
[0004]
In the above-described determination work, it is difficult to always make a stable determination due to factors such as the health condition of the worker and the skill level, and a work that automatically performs the determination work of the abnormal noise is also known.
[0005]
In this method, the correlation between the amount of human noise perceived by a psychological method and the characteristics of the detected noise signal is determined in advance by a statistical method, and the mechanical noise to be determined is determined by a frequency analyzer or the like. The characteristic of the noise signal is detected, and the conversion from the signal characteristic to the amount of human sensation is performed using the correlation.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above-described conventional example, in the signal processing by the analyzer, a physical quantity such as the amplitude of noise is displayed or output as a measurement result, and the conversion into the human sensation quantity is performed by the physical quantity, the physical quantity of the noise obtained in advance and the human sensation. It is necessary to secondarily obtain the amount from the correlation between the quantities, which not only complicates the determination work but also increases the time required for the completion inspection.
[0007]
Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has as its object to stably perform abnormal sound determination directly from detected mechanical noise in accordance with the amount of human perception.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As shown in FIG. 9, the present invention includes a noise sampling unit 50 that samples noise or vibration during machine operation and a frequency analysis unit 51 that calculates the amplitude of noise according to frequency from the sampled noise data. An abnormal noise determination device that determines abnormal noise included in mechanical noise in accordance with a calculation result of frequency and amplitude; an overall value calculation unit 52 that calculates an overall value based on the sampling data; Cycle component sampling means 53 for sampling the dynamic motion, order component frequency calculating means 54 for calculating the order component frequency from the cycle detected by the motion cycle sampling means 53, and the order component from the calculation result of the frequency analyzing means 51. Search for the amplitude of the frequency component corresponding to the order component frequency obtained by the frequency calculation means 54 The order component amplitude calculation unit 55 that an amplitude corresponding to the order component frequency, and a sensory quantity conversion means 56 for calculating a predetermined sensory quantity from the overall value, the sensory quantity converting unit 56 has the following formula Is used to calculate the sensory amount .
(Equation 2)
Figure 0003554445
Here, Y is the sensory amount, B0 is a constant, Bk is a constant preset by a statistical method, n is a value preset according to the type of noise to be measured, Lk is the amplitude of the order component frequency, and La is The overall value is obtained by the overall value calculation unit.
[0010]
[Action]
Therefore, according to the present invention, the noise during the operation of the machine and the motion cycle are sampled, and the amplitude of the noise according to the frequency and the overall value are calculated from the sampled noise data, while the order component frequency is calculated from the motion cycle. The amplitude of the noise corresponding to the order component frequency is obtained, and the amplitude and the overall value can be directly converted into the amount of human sensation. For example, the detected noise is converted into "roughness", and the "roughness" Can be determined to be abnormal when the value exceeds a predetermined value, and the amount of sensation can be directly obtained from the physical quantity to quickly and stably determine the abnormal noise in the mechanical noise.
[0011]
Further, according to the present invention, since a predetermined sensory amount is statistically calculated based on a difference between an amplitude corresponding to the order component frequency and an overall value, sampled noise data can be obtained as an arbitrary sensory amount.
[0012]
Embodiment
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0013]
FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for judging an abnormal noise of a mechanical operation sound of a hydraulic pump or the like. A detection signal of a microphone 1 as a means for detecting an operation sound including a noise of the hydraulic pump is amplified by an amplifier 3 and then a microprocessor 8 The movement cycle detecting means 2 is constituted by a rotation sensor or the like for detecting the movement cycle of the hydraulic pump, and the detected cycle signal is also transmitted to the controller 10 via the amplifier 4 in the same manner as described above. Input to 10.
[0014]
The controller 10 includes A / D converters 5 and 6 that convert signals from the amplifiers 3 and 4 into digital signals, a memory 7 that stores calculation results, sampling data, and the like, and a display device 9 that displays determination results. The microprocessor 8 is connected to the microprocessor 8 via an interface I / F, and performs noise signal processing and conversion processing into human sensation as shown in FIG.
[0015]
The processing performed by the controller 10 will be described in detail with reference to the block diagram of FIG. 2 and FIG.
[0016]
First, the mechanical noise detected by the microphone 1, here, the noise of the hydraulic pump, is amplified by the amplifier 3, converted into noise data by the A / D converter 5, and measured by the data sampling unit for a predetermined time. 3A, is stored in the memory 7 as an amplitude according to time.
[0017]
The noise data stored in the memory 7 is subjected to an FFT (Fast Fourier Transform, hereinafter the same) operation in the frequency analysis processing unit in accordance with a command from the microprocessor 8, and the noise data in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4A, the amplitude is represented as an amplitude corresponding to the frequency. Further, in this frequency analysis unit, as shown in FIG.
[0018]
From the noise data stored in the memory 7, in addition to the FFT calculation, an overall value calculation unit calculates an overall value La which is an average value at the time of measurement including background noise as shown in FIG.
[0019]
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3 (B), a pulse corresponding to the rotation of the hydraulic pump is output from the movement cycle detecting means 2, and the data sampling unit outputs this periodic pulse for a predetermined time similar to the above. Sample.
[0020]
Then, as shown in FIG. 6, the order component frequency calculator calculates a k-order component frequency Fk from the primary component frequency F1 corresponding to the pulse period Δt. However, k = 1 to n, where n is preset according to the type of noise to be measured.
[0021]
Next, in the order component amplitude detection unit, as shown in FIG. 4B, from the amplitude array corresponding to the frequency of the noise data obtained by the frequency analysis unit and the order component frequency Fk obtained by the order component frequency calculation unit, The amplitude Lk of the frequency component corresponding to the k-th component frequency Fk is read from the array of FIG.
[0022]
In this way, from the amplitude Lk of the order component frequency obtained from the frequency analysis result (FFT operation result) of the noise data and the overall value La obtained by the overall value calculating unit, the sensory amount calculating unit calculates the human based on the following equation. Is calculated.
[0023]
(Equation 3)
Figure 0003554445
[0024]
Here, Bk is a constant set in advance by a statistical method, and B0 is a constant.
[0025]
This Y indicates the amount of human sensation such as “roughness”, for example, and outputs the calculation result of the above equation (1) to the display device 9 as shown in FIG. 8 (A) or (B).
[0026]
Then, when the “roughness” exceeds a predetermined value, the operator can identify a defective product.
[0027]
In this way, from the sampled noise data and the periodic signal, the overall value La of the noise data and the amplitude corresponding to each frequency are obtained by the FFT operation, and at the same time, the order component frequency Fk based on the periodic signal is obtained. By examining the corresponding amplitude Lk and using the above equation (1), it is possible to directly convert the detected noise data and the periodic periodic signal into human senses. As described above, there is no need to secondarily convert the physical quantity into the sensory quantity, and the human sense quantity can be quickly and stably obtained from the detected noise data. This eliminates the need for a stable judgment, and ensures the accuracy of the completion inspection of machines such as hydraulic pumps while shortening the time required for the completion inspection process and improving productivity. It is possible to.
[0028]
In the above-described embodiment, the amount of human sensation Y is “rough”, but may be a sensation such as “brightness” or “hardness”. In these cases, “brightness” or “hardness” may be used. By providing a threshold value according to the amount of sensation, various types of abnormal sound determination can be performed.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the noise and the motion cycle during machine operation are sampled, and the amplitude of the noise according to the frequency and the overall value are calculated from the sampled noise data, while the order component is calculated from the motion cycle. The frequency is calculated, and the amplitude of the frequency component corresponding to the order component frequency is obtained, and the amplitude and the overall value can be directly converted into the amount of human sensation. For example, the detected noise is converted into "roughness". However, when the “roughness” exceeds a predetermined value, it can be determined that the noise is abnormal, and the detected noise data and the periodic periodic signal can be directly converted to the amount of human sensation. There is no need to secondarily convert a physical quantity into a sensory quantity as in the conventional example, and a human sensory quantity can be quickly and stably obtained from detected noise data. In addition, it is possible to always make stable judgments by eliminating individual differences such as noise judgment by humans, and to shorten the time required for the completion inspection process while ensuring the accuracy of the completion inspection of machines such as hydraulic pumps. Thus, productivity can be improved.
[0030]
In addition, the present invention statistically calculates a predetermined sensory amount based on the difference between the amplitude of the frequency component corresponding to the order component frequency and the overall value, so that the sampled noise data can be obtained as an arbitrary sensory amount. For example, by converting the amount of sensation as “brightness” or “hardness”, various tests can be performed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an abnormal sound determination device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of a process performed by a controller.
3A and 3B show the relationship between the amplitude and time of an input signal, wherein FIG. 3A shows a noise signal input from a microphone, and FIG. 3B shows a periodic signal input from a movement period detecting means.
4A and 4B show a state of frequency analysis, in which FIG. 4A is a graph showing a relationship between frequency and amplitude by FFT, and FIG. 4B shows amplitudes arranged for each frequency.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between amplitude and time, showing how the overall value is calculated.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing a relationship between a periodic signal based on a periodic motion and an order component frequency.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of each order component frequency and an amplitude array of an FFT operation result.
FIGS. 8A and 8B show how abnormal sounds are displayed according to the amount of human perception. FIG. 8A is a meter type, and FIG. 8B is a bar graph type.
FIG. 9 is a claim correspondence diagram corresponding to the first or second invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Microphone 2 Period signal detection means 3, 4 Amplifier 5, 6 A / D converter 7 Memory 8 Microprocessor 9 Display device 10 Controller 50 Noise sampling means 51 Frequency analysis means 52 Overall value calculation means 53 Motion cycle sampling means 54 Order component Frequency calculation means 55 Order component amplitude calculation means 56 Sensory amount conversion means

Claims (1)

機械作動中の騒音又は振動をサンプリングする騒音又は振動サンプリング手段と、前記サンプリングされた騒音データから周波数に応じた騒音の振幅を演算する周波数分析手段とを備えて、周波数と振幅の演算結果に応じて機械騒音に含まれる異音を判定する異音判定装置において、前記サンプリングデータに基づいてオーバーオール値を演算するオーバーオール値演算手段と、前記機械の周期的な運動をサンプリングする運動周期サンプリング手段と、この運動周期サンプリング手段が検出した周期から次数成分周波数を演算する次数成分周波数演算手段と、前記周波数分析手段の演算結果から、次数成分周波数演算手段で求めた次数成分周波数に対応する振幅を検索する次数成分振幅演算手段と、この次数成分周波数に対応した振幅と、前記オーバーオール値から所定の感覚量を演算する感覚量変換手段とを備え、前記感覚量変換手段は、以下の式によって前記感覚量Yを算出することを特徴とする異音判定装置。
Figure 0003554445
ただし、Yは感覚量、B0は定数、Bkは統計的手法によって予め設定された定数、nは測定対象の騒音の種類に応じて予め設定される値、Lkは次数成分周波数の振幅、Laはオーバーオール値計算部で求めたオーバーオール値とする。
Noise or vibration sampling means for sampling noise or vibration during machine operation, and frequency analysis means for calculating the amplitude of noise according to frequency from the sampled noise data, according to the calculation result of frequency and amplitude An abnormal sound determination device that determines abnormal sounds included in the mechanical noise, an overall value calculation unit that calculates an overall value based on the sampling data, and a movement period sampling unit that samples a periodic movement of the machine. An order component frequency calculating means for calculating an order component frequency from the cycle detected by the movement cycle sampling means, and an amplitude corresponding to the order component frequency obtained by the order component frequency calculating means is searched from a calculation result of the frequency analyzing means. Order component amplitude calculating means, an amplitude corresponding to the order component frequency, Provided from serial overall value and sensory quantity conversion means for calculating a predetermined sensory quantity, the sensory quantity conversion means, abnormal noise determination device and calculates the sensory quantity Y by the following equation.
Figure 0003554445
Here, Y is the sensory amount, B0 is a constant, Bk is a constant preset by a statistical method, n is a value preset according to the type of noise to be measured, Lk is the amplitude of the order component frequency, and La is The overall value is obtained by the overall value calculation unit.
JP23532696A 1996-09-05 1996-09-05 Abnormal noise judgment device Expired - Fee Related JP3554445B2 (en)

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