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JP3554778B2 - Nonlinear dielectric element - Google Patents
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JP3554778B2 - Nonlinear dielectric element - Google Patents

Nonlinear dielectric element Download PDF

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JP3554778B2
JP3554778B2 JP01162198A JP1162198A JP3554778B2 JP 3554778 B2 JP3554778 B2 JP 3554778B2 JP 01162198 A JP01162198 A JP 01162198A JP 1162198 A JP1162198 A JP 1162198A JP 3554778 B2 JP3554778 B2 JP 3554778B2
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Prior art keywords
dielectric
nonlinear
glass
dielectric element
lead
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JPH11214257A (en
Inventor
真一 小林
久志 和田
俊也 江角
善隆 影山
晴信 佐野
和宏 原田
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Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、例えば高輝度放電灯(HIDランプ)の始動時のように高圧パルスを発生させるのに好適に用いられる非線形誘電体素子に関し、より詳細には、電極材料の改良により非線形特性が改善された非線形誘電体素子に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、高輝度を実現するランプとして上記HIDランプが用いられている。この種のHIDランプには、高圧ナトリウムランプやメタルハライドランプのように、始動時に1〜4kV程度の高圧パルスを必要とするものがある。そこで、この種のHIDランプでは、高圧パルスを発生させるために、非線形特性を有するコンデンサが組み込まれている。
【0003】
例えば、特公平5−87940号公報には、上記高圧パルスを発生させるための非線形コンデンサが内蔵された高圧放電ランプが開示されている。この先行技術に記載の非線形コンデンサの構造を、図3に示す。
【0004】
コンデンサ51は、チタン酸バリウム系セラミックスよりなるセラミック板52の両面に、電極53,54を形成した構造を有する。電極53,54の中央には、接合材55a,55bを介してリード端子56,57が接合されている。また、リード端子56,57が引き出されている部分を除いて全体が、ガラスペーストを塗布し、焼き付けることにより形成されたガラス被覆層58により被覆されている。
【0005】
上記電極53,54は、Ag粉末、並びにホウ珪酸ガラスやホウ珪酸鉛ガラスを含む導電ペーストを塗布し、焼き付けることにより形成されている。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上述した従来の非線形コンデンサ51では、チタン酸バリウム系セラミックスよりなるセラミック板52が本来持っている非線形特性を十分に引き出すことができないという問題があった。これは、電極53,54の形成に用いられている導電ペースト中のガラスフリットが、電極焼き付け時にセラミック板52に拡散し、セラミック板52の非線形特性を低下させているためと考えられる。
【0007】
本発明の目的は、上述した先行技術の欠点を解消し、非線形特性を有する誘電体セラミックスの非線形特性を十分に引き出すことができ、良好な非線形特性を発揮し得る非線形誘電体素子を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1に記載の発明は、電界−電荷特性においてヒステリシスを示す非線形誘電体素子であって、非線形特性を示す誘電体セラミックスよりなる誘電体と、前記誘電体の第1,第2の面にそれぞれ形成された第1,第2の電極とを備え、前記第1,第2の電極が、金属粉末と、ホウ珪酸鉛ビスマス系ガラス及び/またはホウ珪酸バリウム系ガラスとを含むことを特徴とする。
【0009】
請求項2に記載の発明では、上記金属粉末100体積%に対し、上記ホウ珪酸鉛ビスマス系ガラス及び/またはホウ珪酸バリウム系ガラスが10体積%未満、好ましくは5体積%以下の割合で配合されている。
【0010】
請求項3に記載の発明は、上記非線形誘電体素子が、高圧パルス発生用コンデンサであることを特徴とする。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1は、本発明の非線形誘電体素子の一実施例を示す側面図である。非線形誘電体素子1は、HIDランプにおける高圧パルス発生用コンデンサとして用いられるものである。
【0012】
非線形誘電体素子1は、非線形特性を示す誘電体セラミックスよりなる板状の誘電体2を用いて構成されている。なお、本明細書において、非線形特性とは、電界−電荷特性においてヒステリシスを示す特性をいうものとする。上記誘電体2は、このような非線形特性を発揮し得る適宜の誘電体セラミックスにより構成されるが、例えば、チタン酸バリウム系セラミック材料を好適に用いることができる。
【0013】
誘電体2の第1の面としての上面2a上に第1の電極3が、第2の面としての下面2b上に第2の電極4が形成されている。
【0014】
本実施例の非線形誘電体素子1では、上記電極3,4は、金属粉末と、ホウ珪酸鉛ビスマス系ガラス及び/またはホウ珪酸バリウム系ガラスとを含む導電ペーストを塗布し、焼き付けることにより形成されている。従って、電極3,4は、上記金属粉末と、ホウ珪酸鉛ビスマス系ガラス及び/またはホウ珪酸バリウム系ガラスとを含む。
【0015】
本実施例の非線形誘電体素子1では、電極3,4が、上記組成を有するため、十分な非線形特性を発揮する。これは、本願発明者らにより実験的に確かめられたものである。すなわち、従来の非線形誘電体素子51で用いられていた電極ペーストでは、ホウ珪酸ガラスやホウ珪酸鉛ガラスを用いていたため、電極ペースト焼き付け時に、これらのガラス粉末が誘電体セラミックスの粒界に侵入し、粒界層が厚くなり、電界−電荷特性における上記ヒステリシスが鈍らされることが見出された。これに対して、上記ホウ珪酸鉛ビスマス系ガラス及びホウ珪酸バリウム系ガラスを用いた場合、セラミックスに拡散し難いためか、誘電体2が本来有している非線形特性を十分に発揮し得ることが確かめられた。これを、具体的な実験例に基づき説明する。
【0016】
非線形特性を示す誘電体材料として、チタン酸バリウム系セラミック粉末を乾式プレスし、焼成することにより、直径18mm×厚さ1mmの円板状の誘電体2を作製した。この誘電体2の両面に、Ag粉末100体積%に対し、下記の表1に示す種々のガラスフリット5体積%を配合してなる導電ペーストを用意し、該導電ペーストを直径17mmの円板状となるように誘電体2の両面に印刷し、850℃で焼き付け、実施例1,2及び比較例1〜5の各非線形誘電体素子を作製した。
【0017】
上記のようにして得られた非線形誘電体素子について、図2に示す回路を用いて発生パルス電圧を測定した。すなわち、図2に示す回路では、電源11に直列に400Wの高圧水銀ランプ用安定器12が接続されており、該高圧水銀ランプ用安定器12の後段に、非線形誘電体素子1及びブレークオーバー電圧150Vの半導体スイッチ13が接続されている。また、Vは電圧計を示す。
【0018】
実施例1,2及び比較例1〜5の各非線形誘電体素子1を図2に示したように接続し、発生パルス電圧を測定したところ、下記の表1に示す結果が得られた。
【0019】
【表1】

Figure 0003554778
【0020】
表1から明らかなように、比較例1,2では、発生パルス電圧が1800V、1700Vと低かったが、これは、B−Si−Pb系あるいはB−Si−Bi系ガラスのセラミック内への拡散によるものと考えられる。
【0021】
また、比較例3,4では、それぞれ、パルス電圧が1550V及び1700Vと低かったが、これは、誘電体と電極との界面においてB−Si−Ca系またはB−Si−K系ガラスが界面層を形成しているためと考えられる。さらに、比較例5では、パルス電圧が1250Vとかなり低かったが、これは、B−Si−Zn系ガラス粉末は、セラミックス中のチタン酸バリウムと反応し、非線形特性を大幅に低下させているためと考えられる。
【0022】
これに対して、実施例1,2では、それぞれ、ガラスフリットとしてホウ珪酸鉛ビスマス系ガラス及びホウ珪酸バリウム系ガラスを用いたため、発生パルス電圧は2100V及び2000Vであった。
【0023】
従って、表1の結果から、ガラスフリットとして、ホウ珪酸鉛ビスマス系ガラスあるいはホウ珪酸バリウム系ガラスを用いることにより、同じ誘電体を用いた場合であっても、誘電体自体の持つ非線形特性を十分に発揮させ得ることがわかる。
【0024】
次に、ホウ珪酸鉛ビスマス系ガラスまたはホウ珪酸バリウム系ガラスをガラスフリットとして用いて電極を形成した非線形誘電体素子において、ガラスフリットの配合割合を変化させ、発生パルス電圧の変化を測定した。すなわち、表2に示すように、Ag粉末100体積%に対し、ホウ珪酸鉛ビスマス系ガラス及びホウ珪酸バリウム系ガラスの配合割合を、それぞれ、3、5、10体積%とした導電ペーストを用い、各非線形誘電体素子を得、発生パルス電圧を上記実験例と同様にして測定した。結果を下記の表2に示す。
【0025】
【表2】
Figure 0003554778
【0026】
表2から明らかなように、ホウ珪酸鉛ビスマス系ガラス及びホウ珪酸バリウム系ガラスのいずれを用いた場合であっても、ガラスフリットの配合割合が10体積%に至ると、パルス電圧が1700Vあるいは1500Vと低下することがわかる。従って、表2の結果から、これらのガラスフリットを用いる場合、金属粉末100体積%に対し、10体積%未満の割合で配合することが好ましいことがわかる。
【0027】
また、表1及び表2の結果では、ガラスフリットとして、ホウ珪酸鉛ビスマス系ガラスあるいはホウ珪酸バリウム系ガラスをそれぞれ単独で用いたが、これらのガラスフリットがセラミックス内への拡散を生じ難く、かつセラミックス中のチタン酸バリウムと反応し難いため、これらを併用した場合においても同様の結果が得られると推測される。
【0028】
なお、上述した実験例では、金属粉末としてAg粉末を用いたが、金属粉末としては、良好な導電性を発揮し得るものである限り特に限定されず、例えば、Cu、Al、NiあるいはPd粉末もしくはこれらの合金粉末を適宜用いることができ、その場合であっても、上記実験例と同様の効果が得られる。
【0029】
また、図1では、誘電体2の両面に電極3,4を形成したが、電極3,4を形成した後に、従来の非線形コンデンサ51と同様に絶縁ガラス層等を形成したり、あるいはリード端子等を接合してもよく、その場合であっても、電極3,4が既に誘電体2に接合されているため、良好な非線形特性を発揮し得る非線形誘電体素子とすることができる。
【0030】
【発明の効果】
請求項1に記載の発明に係る非線形誘電体素子では、非線形特性を示す誘電体セラミックスよりなる誘電体の第1,第2の面に形成される第1,第2の電極が、金属粉末と、ホウ珪酸鉛ビスマス系ガラス及び/またはホウ珪酸バリウム系ガラスとを含むため、これらのガラスが電極形成時の焼き付けに際し、誘電体中に拡散し難く、かつ誘電体との界面に界面層を形成し難い。よって、非線形特性を有する誘電体セラミックスを用いた誘電体の非線形特性を十分に発揮させることができ、良好な非線形特性を発揮し得る非線形誘電体素子を提供することが可能となる。
【0031】
請求項2に記載の発明では、上記金属粉末100体積%に対し、ホウ珪酸鉛ビスマス系ガラス及び/またはホウ珪酸バリウム系ガラスが10体積%未満の割合で配合されているので、上記実験例から明らかなように、良好な非線形特性を発揮し得る非線形誘電体素子を提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施例に係る非線形誘電体素子を示す側面図。
【図2】実験例において非線形誘電体素子を評価するために構成した回路を説明するための回路図。
【図3】従来の非線形コンデンサを説明するための断面図。
【符号の説明】
1…非線形誘電体素子
2…誘電体
3,4…電極[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a non-linear dielectric element suitably used for generating a high-voltage pulse, for example, when starting a high-intensity discharge lamp (HID lamp). More specifically, the non-linear dielectric element is improved by improving an electrode material. The present invention relates to a nonlinear dielectric element.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, the HID lamp has been used as a lamp for realizing high luminance. Some HID lamps of this type require a high-pressure pulse of about 1 to 4 kV at startup, such as a high-pressure sodium lamp or a metal halide lamp. Therefore, in this type of HID lamp, a capacitor having a non-linear characteristic is incorporated in order to generate a high-voltage pulse.
[0003]
For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-87940 discloses a high-pressure discharge lamp having a built-in non-linear capacitor for generating the high-voltage pulse. FIG. 3 shows the structure of the nonlinear capacitor described in the prior art.
[0004]
The capacitor 51 has a structure in which electrodes 53 and 54 are formed on both surfaces of a ceramic plate 52 made of barium titanate-based ceramic. Lead terminals 56 and 57 are bonded to the centers of the electrodes 53 and 54 via bonding materials 55a and 55b. Except for the portions from which the lead terminals 56 and 57 are drawn out, the entirety is covered with a glass coating layer 58 formed by applying and baking a glass paste.
[0005]
The electrodes 53 and 54 are formed by applying and baking a conductive paste containing Ag powder and borosilicate glass or lead borosilicate glass.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the above-described conventional nonlinear capacitor 51 has a problem in that the nonlinear characteristics inherent to the ceramic plate 52 made of barium titanate-based ceramics cannot be sufficiently brought out. This is probably because the glass frit in the conductive paste used to form the electrodes 53 and 54 diffuses into the ceramic plate 52 when the electrodes are baked, thereby reducing the nonlinear characteristics of the ceramic plate 52.
[0007]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and to provide a nonlinear dielectric element which can sufficiently draw out the nonlinear characteristics of dielectric ceramics having nonlinear characteristics and can exhibit good nonlinear characteristics. It is in.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention according to claim 1 is a nonlinear dielectric element exhibiting hysteresis in electric field-charge characteristics, wherein a dielectric made of dielectric ceramics exhibiting nonlinear characteristics and a first and second surface of the dielectric are provided. It is provided with first and second electrodes respectively formed, wherein the first and second electrodes include metal powder and lead-bismuth borosilicate glass and / or barium borosilicate glass. I do.
[0009]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, the lead-bismuth borosilicate glass and / or the barium borosilicate glass is blended in an amount of less than 10% by volume, preferably 5% by volume or less with respect to 100% by volume of the metal powder. ing.
[0010]
The invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that the nonlinear dielectric element is a high-voltage pulse generating capacitor.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is a side view showing one embodiment of the nonlinear dielectric element of the present invention. The nonlinear dielectric element 1 is used as a high-voltage pulse generating capacitor in an HID lamp.
[0012]
The nonlinear dielectric element 1 is configured using a plate-shaped dielectric 2 made of dielectric ceramics exhibiting nonlinear characteristics. In this specification, the non-linear characteristic refers to a characteristic that exhibits hysteresis in the electric field-charge characteristic. The dielectric 2 is made of an appropriate dielectric ceramic capable of exhibiting such non-linear characteristics. For example, a barium titanate-based ceramic material can be suitably used.
[0013]
A first electrode 3 is formed on an upper surface 2a as a first surface of the dielectric 2, and a second electrode 4 is formed on a lower surface 2b as a second surface.
[0014]
In the nonlinear dielectric element 1 of the present embodiment, the electrodes 3 and 4 are formed by applying and baking a conductive paste containing metal powder and lead-bismuth borosilicate glass and / or barium borosilicate glass. ing. Therefore, the electrodes 3 and 4 include the above-mentioned metal powder and lead-bismuth borosilicate glass and / or barium borosilicate glass.
[0015]
In the nonlinear dielectric element 1 of the present embodiment, the electrodes 3 and 4 have the above-described composition, and thus exhibit sufficient nonlinear characteristics. This has been experimentally confirmed by the present inventors. That is, since the borosilicate glass and the lead borosilicate glass are used in the electrode paste used in the conventional nonlinear dielectric element 51, these glass powders penetrate into the grain boundaries of the dielectric ceramics when the electrode paste is baked. It has been found that the grain boundary layer becomes thicker, and the above-mentioned hysteresis in the electric field-charge characteristics is blunted. On the other hand, when the above-mentioned lead bismuth borosilicate-based glass and barium borosilicate-based glass are used, it is difficult to diffuse into ceramics, and it is possible to sufficiently exhibit the nonlinear characteristics inherent to the dielectric 2. I was assured. This will be described based on specific experimental examples.
[0016]
As a dielectric material exhibiting non-linear characteristics, a barium titanate-based ceramic powder was dry-pressed and fired to produce a disk-shaped dielectric 2 having a diameter of 18 mm and a thickness of 1 mm. On both sides of this dielectric 2, a conductive paste was prepared by blending 5% by volume of various glass frits shown in Table 1 below with respect to 100% by volume of Ag powder, and the conductive paste was disc-shaped with a diameter of 17 mm. Were printed on both surfaces of the dielectric 2 and baked at 850 ° C. to produce the nonlinear dielectric elements of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5.
[0017]
With respect to the nonlinear dielectric element obtained as described above, the generated pulse voltage was measured using the circuit shown in FIG. That is, in the circuit shown in FIG. 2, a 400 W high-pressure mercury lamp ballast 12 is connected in series with a power supply 11, and a nonlinear dielectric element 1 and a breakover voltage are provided downstream of the high-pressure mercury lamp ballast 12. A 150 V semiconductor switch 13 is connected. V indicates a voltmeter.
[0018]
Each of the nonlinear dielectric elements 1 of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 was connected as shown in FIG. 2 and the generated pulse voltage was measured. The results shown in Table 1 below were obtained.
[0019]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003554778
[0020]
As is clear from Table 1, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the generated pulse voltage was as low as 1800 V and 1700 V, but this was due to the diffusion of B-Si-Pb or B-Si-Bi glass into the ceramic. It is thought to be due to.
[0021]
In Comparative Examples 3 and 4, the pulse voltage was as low as 1550 V and 1700 V, respectively. This is because the B-Si-Ca-based or B-Si-K-based glass was used at the interface between the dielectric and the electrode. Is considered to be formed. Furthermore, in Comparative Example 5, the pulse voltage was considerably low at 1250 V. This is because the B-Si-Zn-based glass powder reacts with barium titanate in ceramics and greatly reduces nonlinear characteristics. it is conceivable that.
[0022]
On the other hand, in Examples 1 and 2, lead bisborosilicate glass and barium borosilicate glass were used as the glass frit, so that the generated pulse voltages were 2100 V and 2000 V, respectively.
[0023]
Therefore, from the results in Table 1, it can be seen from the results of Table 1 that the use of lead-bismuth borosilicate-based glass or barium borosilicate-based glass as the glass frit allows the nonlinear characteristics of the dielectric itself to be sufficiently improved even when the same dielectric is used. It can be seen that it can be demonstrated.
[0024]
Next, in a nonlinear dielectric element in which an electrode was formed using a lead bismuth borosilicate glass or a barium borosilicate glass as a glass frit, the change in the generated pulse voltage was measured by changing the mixing ratio of the glass frit. That is, as shown in Table 2, a conductive paste in which the mixing ratio of lead bismuth borosilicate-based glass and barium borosilicate-based glass was 3, 5, 10% by volume with respect to 100% by volume of Ag powder, Each nonlinear dielectric element was obtained, and the generated pulse voltage was measured in the same manner as in the above experimental example. The results are shown in Table 2 below.
[0025]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003554778
[0026]
As is evident from Table 2, the pulse voltage becomes 1700 V or 1500 V when the glass frit content reaches 10% by volume, regardless of the use of lead bismuth borosilicate glass or barium borosilicate glass. It turns out that it falls. Therefore, from the results in Table 2, it can be seen that when these glass frits are used, it is preferable to mix them in a ratio of less than 10% by volume with respect to 100% by volume of the metal powder.
[0027]
Further, in the results of Tables 1 and 2, lead bismuth borosilicate-based glass or barium borosilicate-based glass was used alone as the glass frit, but these glass frit hardly diffused into ceramics, and Since it does not easily react with barium titanate in ceramics, it is presumed that similar results can be obtained even when these are used in combination.
[0028]
In the above-described experimental examples, Ag powder was used as the metal powder. However, the metal powder is not particularly limited as long as it can exhibit good conductivity. For example, Cu, Al, Ni, or Pd powder may be used. Alternatively, these alloy powders can be appropriately used, and even in such a case, the same effect as that of the above-described experimental example can be obtained.
[0029]
1, the electrodes 3 and 4 are formed on both surfaces of the dielectric 2, but after the electrodes 3 and 4 are formed, an insulating glass layer or the like is formed in the same manner as the conventional nonlinear capacitor 51, or the lead terminals are formed. In such a case, since the electrodes 3 and 4 are already joined to the dielectric 2, a non-linear dielectric element capable of exhibiting good non-linear characteristics can be obtained.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
In the non-linear dielectric element according to the first aspect of the present invention, the first and second electrodes formed on the first and second surfaces of the dielectric made of dielectric ceramic exhibiting non-linear characteristics are made of metal powder. , Lead-bismuth borosilicate-based glass and / or barium borosilicate-based glass, it is difficult for these glasses to diffuse into the dielectric during baking at the time of electrode formation, and an interface layer is formed at the interface with the dielectric. Difficult to do. Therefore, it is possible to sufficiently exhibit the nonlinear characteristics of a dielectric using dielectric ceramics having nonlinear characteristics, and to provide a nonlinear dielectric element capable of exhibiting excellent nonlinear characteristics.
[0031]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, the lead-bismuth borosilicate-based glass and / or the barium borosilicate-based glass are blended in a ratio of less than 10% by volume with respect to 100% by volume of the metal powder. As is apparent, it is possible to provide a nonlinear dielectric element that can exhibit good nonlinear characteristics.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view showing a nonlinear dielectric element according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram for explaining a circuit configured to evaluate a nonlinear dielectric element in an experimental example.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view for explaining a conventional nonlinear capacitor.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Nonlinear dielectric element 2 ... Dielectric 3, 4 ... Electrode

Claims (3)

電界−電荷特性においてヒステリシスを示す非線形誘電体素子であって、
非線形特性を示す誘電体セラミックスよりなる誘電体と、
前記誘電体の第1,第2の面にそれぞれ形成された第1,第2の電極とを備え、
前記第1,第2の電極が、金属粉末と、ホウ珪酸鉛ビスマス系ガラス及び/またはホウ珪酸バリウム系ガラスとを含むことを特徴とする非線形誘電体素子。
A non-linear dielectric element exhibiting hysteresis in electric field-charge characteristics,
A dielectric made of dielectric ceramics exhibiting nonlinear characteristics;
First and second electrodes respectively formed on first and second surfaces of the dielectric,
A nonlinear dielectric element, wherein the first and second electrodes include a metal powder and a lead-bismuth borosilicate glass and / or a barium borosilicate glass.
前記金属粉末100体積%に対し、前記ホウ珪酸鉛ビスマス系ガラス及び/またはホウ珪酸バリウム系ガラスが10体積%未満の割合で含まれていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の非線形誘電体素子。2. The nonlinear dielectric according to claim 1, wherein the lead-bismuth borosilicate-based glass and / or the barium borosilicate-based glass are contained in a proportion of less than 10% by volume with respect to 100% by volume of the metal powder. element. 高圧パルス発生用コンデンサである請求項1または2に記載の非線形誘電体素子。3. The nonlinear dielectric element according to claim 1, wherein the non-linear dielectric element is a high-voltage pulse generating capacitor.
JP01162198A 1998-01-23 1998-01-23 Nonlinear dielectric element Expired - Fee Related JP3554778B2 (en)

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