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JP3557458B2 - Amazake-like beverage and method for producing the same - Google Patents
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JP3557458B2 - Amazake-like beverage and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Amazake-like beverage and method for producing the same Download PDF

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JP3557458B2
JP3557458B2 JP2001184600A JP2001184600A JP3557458B2 JP 3557458 B2 JP3557458 B2 JP 3557458B2 JP 2001184600 A JP2001184600 A JP 2001184600A JP 2001184600 A JP2001184600 A JP 2001184600A JP 3557458 B2 JP3557458 B2 JP 3557458B2
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lactic acid
starch
amazake
beverage
acid bacteria
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JP2003000209A (en
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有二 小田
宏昭 山内
靖則 一ノ瀬
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独立行政法人農業・生物系特定産業技術研究機構
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、乳酸菌及び乳酸菌発酵液によって米飯中のデンプンを糖化する甘酒様飲料及びその製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
甘酒は、名称は酒であるがアルコールを含まない飲料である。本来の製造方法は、米麹と米飯を混合して55〜60℃で約8時間糖化させ、適宜希釈後、煮沸する。この過程において、米麹中のコウジカビが生産するα−アミラーゼ及びグルコアミラーゼ等の作用によって、米中のデンプンがグルコースやマルトースにまで分解され、独特の甘さが生じる。甘酒の起源は古く、今日のように砂糖が甘味料として普及する以前の食生活においては重要な甘味食品であったが、最近の消費者の嗜好には必ずしも合致していない。甘酒についての最近の先行技術としては、特開平11−196830号に記載の物性改良、特開平09−294579号に記載の原料利用率の向上、特開平08−322527号に記載の製品の安定性、及び特開平11−141887号に記載の製造装置に関するものなどがあるが、いずれも従来通りのコウジカビの増殖した米麹を使用したものである。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
甘酒の香味は砂糖のような単純なものではなく、独特の香りと味があり、甘さが口に残ることから、特に最近の若年層は敬遠する傾向が強い。より幅広い層の消費者に飲用されるようにするためには、米麹に由来する独特の香味を取り除く必要があるが、コウジカビの増殖した米麹を使用する限り不可能である。
本発明は、従来の甘酒とはまったく異なる、ほのかな甘さと爽やかな酸味を持った甘酒様飲料及びその製造方法を提供するものである。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の目的を達成するためには、米麹以外の原料でデンプンの糖化を進行させなければならない点に着目した。デンプンを糖化だけするのであれば市販のアミラーゼ製剤などを使えば可能であるが、それでは甘味だけしか生成せず、甘酒の特徴である微生物による香味を醸し出すことはできない。
そこで、本発明者らは、鋭意研究した結果、米麹の代わりにデンプン分解性乳酸菌及びその発酵液で米飯中のデンプンを糖化することにより、従来の甘酒の欠点が改善された高品質の甘酒様飲料を製造できることを発見し、本発明を完成させた。
【0005】
本発明でいう乳酸菌とは、デンプン分解性乳酸菌であれば、特に限定はしないものである。すなわち、自らが生産するα−アミラーゼとグルコアミラーゼ等によって菌体外のデンプンをグルコースにまで分解し、これを乳酸に変換する能力を備えた種としては、ラクトバチルス・アミロヴォルス(Lactobacillus amylovorus),ラクトバチルス・アミロフィルス(Lactobacillus amylophilus),ラクトバチルス・アミロリティクス(Lactobacillus amylolyticus),ラクトバチルス・マニホティヴォランス(Lactobacillus manihotivorans)などがあげられる。これ以外の種であっても、デンプン分解性の菌株であれば使用することができる。特に好ましくは、α−アミラーゼを多量に生産するラクトバチルス・アミロヴォルスである。
【0006】
本発明の発酵液とは、以下の実施例に示す本培養液中などで乳酸菌を増殖させたものである。本培養液の組成は、デンプンを適当量含有していれば特に限定はしない。甘酒用飲料製造に用いる発酵液のpHは5.5以下が好ましく、さらに好ましくは5.2〜4.8になったものを用いるのが好ましい。甘酒用飲料製造のための糖化温度としては50〜60℃が好ましく、さらに好ましくは50〜55℃である。この範囲以下では、得られた甘酒用飲料の酸味が強くなり過ぎ、逆に高すぎると酸味が不足する傾向がある。糖化時間としては好ましくは12〜48時間、さらに好ましくは16〜32時間であり、この範囲以下であると糖化が不十分であり、長過ぎると香味が劣化する傾向がある。いずれにしろ、糖化温度、時間などの条件は使用する乳酸発酵液や米飯量などを勘案し、適当に決定すればよい。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の詳細を以下の実施例によって説明する。本発明はそれらの実施例によっては何ら限定されるものではない。
【0008】
【実施例1】
乳酸菌としてデンプン分解性菌株「ラクトバチルス・アミロヴォルス(Lactobacillus amylovorus)」及び非分解性菌株「ラクトバチルス・プランタルム(Lactobacillus plantarum)」の菌体をそれぞれ一白金耳かき取って種培養液(表1)10mlに接種した。37℃、24時間静置培養後、遠心分離にて菌体を集め、105℃、30分間高圧滅菌した2%スキムミルク溶液5mlに懸濁した。この菌体懸濁液0.5mlを本培養液(表2)100mlに添加し、37℃、24時間静置培養したものを発酵液とした。この発酵液に40gの炊いた米飯を添加し、55℃、24時間置いて糖化させて出来上がった甘酒様飲料のpH,乳酸量及び糖度について調べたところ、表3のようになった。試験例1は比較例1よりもpHが低下して乳酸が生成しており、糖濃度が高くなっていた。また、試験例1は液状だったのに対して、比較例1は半固形状であり、飲用に供することができなかった。これらの結果は、試験例1のデンプン分解性菌株が生産したアミラーゼの作用によって、米飯中のデンプンが分解されていることを示している。これより、本発明の乳酸菌発酵液を用いることによって、良好な甘酒様飲料を製造できることがわかる。
【0009】
【表1】
種培養液の組成

Figure 0003557458
*ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノオリエート
注)培養液のpHは6,5〜7.0に合わせ、120℃、20分間高圧滅菌した。
【0010】
【表2】
本培養液の組成
Figure 0003557458
注)酵母エキスとスキムミルクを溶解して105℃、30分間高圧滅菌した。これを冷却後、あらかじめ150℃、1時間乾熱滅菌しておいた粉末のとうもろこしデンプンを添加して本培養液(pH6.8)として使用した。
【0011】
【表3】
使用した乳酸菌と発酵液の性状
Figure 0003557458
注)pHはpHメーター、乳酸量は高速液体クロマトグラフ、糖度は屈折糖度計
で測定した。
【0012】
【実施例2】
試験例1の発酵液に40gの炊いた米飯を添加し、37℃,45℃,55℃または65℃に置いて糖化させ、出来上がった甘酒様飲料中のpH、乳酸量、糖度を測定するとともに、5人のパネルによる官能評価を行ったところ、表4のようになった。試験例2及び試験例3では、乳酸菌が糖化したデンプンから乳酸をさらに生産し、pHを低下させたために試験例4よりも甘味に比べて酸味が強く、甘味と酸味のバランスが崩れていた。試験例5は試験例4よりも酸味が少なく、物足りない感じであった。比較例2の市販甘酒と比較して、試験例では55℃で糖化した試験例4の結果がもっとも良好であった。
【0013】
【表4】
糖化温度と官能評価
Figure 0003557458
【0014】
【実施例3】
試験例1の発酵液に0,10,20,40または60gの炊いた米飯を入れ、55℃、24時間放置して糖化させ、この甘酒様飲料の糖度を測定するとともに、5人のパネルによる官能評価を行ったところ、表5のようになった。米飯を添加しない発酵液は、糖化の基質となるデンプンがないために甘味が生成されず、酸味しか感じられなかった。糖度は添加した米飯の量にともなって上昇したが、60gになると未溶解の米粒が増えるために口当たりが悪くなった。官能的には、40g添加したものがもっとも優れていた。
【0015】
【表5】
米飯量と官能評価
Figure 0003557458
【0016】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように本発明の甘酒様飲料及びその製造方法によれば、請求項1〜4の手段を有することにより、従来のものとはまったく異なる、ほのかな甘さと爽やかな酸味を持った甘酒様飲料とその製造方法を提供することができる。また、消費の低迷している米の需要拡大に多大な寄与が期待できる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an amazake-like beverage that saccharifies starch in cooked rice with lactic acid bacteria and a fermented solution of lactic acid bacteria, and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Amazake is a drink whose name is sake but does not contain alcohol. The original production method is to mix rice koji and cooked rice, saccharify at 55 to 60 ° C. for about 8 hours, appropriately dilute, and boil. In this process, starch in rice is decomposed into glucose and maltose by the action of α-amylase and glucoamylase produced by Aspergillus oryzae in rice koji, thereby producing a unique sweetness. Amazake has an old origin, and although it was an important sweet food in the diet before sugar became popular as a sweetener as in today, it does not always match the tastes of consumers in recent years. Recent prior arts on amazake include improvement of physical properties described in JP-A-11-196830, improvement of raw material utilization rate described in JP-A-09-294579, and stability of products described in JP-A-08-322527. And the production apparatus described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-141887, all of which use conventional rice koji in which Aspergillus multiplied.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The flavor of amazake is not as simple as sugar, it has a unique aroma and taste, and its sweetness remains in the mouth. In order to be consumed by a wider range of consumers, it is necessary to remove the unique flavor derived from rice koji, but this is not possible as long as koji mold-grown rice koji is used.
The present invention provides an amazake-like beverage having a slight sweetness and a refreshing acidity, which is completely different from conventional amazake, and a method for producing the same.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, attention was paid to the point that saccharification of starch had to be advanced using raw materials other than rice koji. If only starch is saccharified, it is possible to use a commercially available amylase preparation or the like, but this produces only sweetness and cannot produce the flavor of microorganisms, which is a characteristic of amazake.
Thus, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies and found that high-quality amazake having improved disadvantages of conventional amazake by saccharifying starch in cooked rice with starch-degrading lactic acid bacteria and its fermented liquid instead of rice koji. It was discovered that a beverage could be produced, and the present invention was completed.
[0005]
The lactic acid bacteria referred to in the present invention are not particularly limited as long as they are starch-degrading lactic acid bacteria. Specifically, Lactobacillus amylovorus (Lactobacillus amylovorus), Lactobacillus amylovorus (Lactobacillus amylovorus) is a species having the ability to degrade extracellular starch into glucose by α-amylase and glucoamylase, etc., produced by itself and convert it into lactic acid. Bacillus amylophilus (Lactobacillus amylophilus), Lactobacillus amylolyticus (Lactobacillus amylolyticus), Lactobacillus manihotivorans (Lactobacillus manihotivorans) and the like. Any other species can be used as long as it is a starch-degrading strain. Particularly preferred is Lactobacillus amylovorus which produces a large amount of α-amylase.
[0006]
The fermentation broth of the present invention is obtained by growing lactic acid bacteria in a main culture broth shown in the following examples. The composition of the main culture solution is not particularly limited as long as it contains an appropriate amount of starch. The pH of the fermentation liquor used for the production of amazake drinks is preferably 5.5 or lower, more preferably 5.2 to 4.8. The saccharification temperature for the production of amazake beverages is preferably from 50 to 60C, more preferably from 50 to 55C. Below this range, the sour taste of the resulting amazake drink tends to be too strong, and if too high, the sour taste tends to be insufficient. The saccharification time is preferably from 12 to 48 hours, and more preferably from 16 to 32 hours. If the saccharification time is less than this range, saccharification is insufficient, and if it is too long, the flavor tends to deteriorate. In any case, the conditions such as saccharification temperature and time may be appropriately determined in consideration of the lactic acid fermentation liquor and the amount of cooked rice to be used.
[0007]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The details of the present invention are described by the following examples. The present invention is not limited in any way by these examples.
[0008]
Embodiment 1
As a lactic acid bacterium, the cells of a starch-degrading strain "Lactobacillus amylovorus" and a non-degrading strain "Lactobacillus plantarum" were scraped off with one platinum loop, and the seeds were cultured in 10 ml of a seed culture (Table 1). Inoculated. After static culture at 37 ° C. for 24 hours, the cells were collected by centrifugation, and suspended in 5 ml of a 2% skim milk solution autoclaved at 105 ° C. for 30 minutes. 0.5 ml of this cell suspension was added to 100 ml of the main culture solution (Table 2), and the mixture was allowed to stand at 37 ° C. for 24 hours to obtain a fermentation solution. Table 3 shows the pH, lactic acid content and sugar content of the amazake-like beverage prepared by adding 40 g of cooked rice to this fermented broth and saccharifying at 55 ° C. for 24 hours. Test Example 1 had lower pH than Comparative Example 1 to produce lactic acid, and had a higher sugar concentration. Test Example 1 was liquid, whereas Comparative Example 1 was semi-solid and could not be used for drinking. These results indicate that the starch in cooked rice is degraded by the action of amylase produced by the starch-degrading strain of Test Example 1. This indicates that a good amazake-like beverage can be produced by using the lactic acid bacteria fermented solution of the present invention.
[0009]
[Table 1]
Composition of seed culture
Figure 0003557458
* Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooliate Note) The pH of the culture solution was adjusted to 6.5 to 7.0, and the solution was autoclaved at 120 ° C for 20 minutes.
[0010]
[Table 2]
Composition of the main culture
Figure 0003557458
Note) Yeast extract and skim milk were dissolved and autoclaved at 105 ° C for 30 minutes. After cooling, powdered corn starch which had been sterilized by dry heat at 150 ° C. for 1 hour was added to use as a main culture solution (pH 6.8).
[0011]
[Table 3]
Properties of lactic acid bacteria used and fermentation liquor
Figure 0003557458
Note) The pH was measured with a pH meter, the amount of lactic acid was measured with a high performance liquid chromatograph, and the sugar content was measured with a refractometer.
[0012]
Embodiment 2
40 g of cooked cooked rice is added to the fermented liquid of Test Example 1 and saccharified at 37 ° C., 45 ° C., 55 ° C. or 65 ° C., and the pH, lactic acid content and sugar content of the finished amazake-like beverage are measured. Table 4 shows the results of a sensory evaluation performed by five panels. In Test Examples 2 and 3, lactic acid bacteria further produced lactic acid from saccharified starch and lowered the pH, so that the acidity was stronger than that in Test Example 4 compared to Test Example 4, and the balance between sweetness and acidity was broken. Test Example 5 was less sour than Test Example 4 and felt unsatisfactory. Compared with the commercially available amazake of Comparative Example 2, the results of Test Example 4 in which saccharification was performed at 55 ° C. were the best in Test Examples.
[0013]
[Table 4]
Saccharification temperature and sensory evaluation
Figure 0003557458
[0014]
Embodiment 3
0, 10, 20, 40 or 60 g of cooked cooked rice is put into the fermented liquid of Test Example 1 and left at 55 ° C. for 24 hours to saccharify, and the sugar content of this amazake-like beverage is measured, and a panel of 5 persons is used. Table 5 shows the results of the sensory evaluation. The fermented broth to which no cooked rice was added did not produce sweetness due to lack of starch as a substrate for saccharification, and felt only sourness. The sugar content increased with the amount of cooked rice added, but when it reached 60 g, undissolved rice grains increased and the palatability became poor. Functionally, the addition of 40 g was the most excellent.
[0015]
[Table 5]
Rice content and sensory evaluation
Figure 0003557458
[0016]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the amazake-like beverage and the method for producing the same according to the present invention, by having the means of claims 1 to 4, amazake having a slightly sweetness and a refreshing acidity completely different from conventional ones. Beverage and a method for producing the same can be provided. It is also expected to make a significant contribution to growing demand for rice, which has been stagnant.

Claims (4)

デンプン分解性乳酸菌及びpHが5.2〜4.8の乳酸菌発酵液によって米飯中のデンプンを50〜55℃の糖化温度及び16〜32時間の糖化時間で糖化して製造されることを特徴とする甘酒様飲料。 The amylolytic lactic acid bacteria及beauty p H is produced by saccharification saccharification time of glycated temperature and 16-32 hours of the starch in the rice 5 0 to 55 ° C. by lactic acid bacteria fermentation liquid of 5.2 to 4.8 Amazake-like beverage characterized by the following. 上記乳酸菌がデンプンから乳酸を生成するデンプン分解性を備えた菌株であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の甘酒様飲料。The amazake-like beverage according to claim 1, wherein the lactic acid bacterium is a starch-degrading bacterial strain that produces lactic acid from starch. 米飯中のデンプンを糖化するのにデンプン分解性乳酸菌及びpHが5.2〜4.8の乳酸菌発酵液を使用することを特徴とする甘酒様飲料の製造方法。Method of manufacturing sweet sake like beverages for saccharifying starch in cooked rice is amylolytic lactic acid bacteria及beauty p H, characterized by using a lactic acid bacteria fermentation liquid of 5.2 to 4.8. 上記米飯中のデンプンを糖化するのに使用する乳酸菌がデンプンから乳酸を生成するデンプン分解性を備えた菌株であることを特徴とする請求項3記載の甘酒様飲料の製造方法。The method for producing an amazake-like beverage according to claim 3, wherein the lactic acid bacterium used for saccharifying the starch in the cooked rice is a starch-degrading strain that produces lactic acid from starch.
JP2001184600A 2001-06-19 2001-06-19 Amazake-like beverage and method for producing the same Expired - Lifetime JP3557458B2 (en)

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JP4995051B2 (en) * 2007-11-29 2012-08-08 株式会社桃屋 Lactic acid fermented food of rice and method for producing the same
JP2010124807A (en) * 2008-12-01 2010-06-10 Akita Prefecture Fermented rice sweet drink and method for producing the same
KR102065585B1 (en) * 2019-05-28 2020-01-13 재단법인 발효미생물산업진흥원 Method for producing fermented brown rice Sikhae using Lactobacillus plantarum 3JSRL 24―4 strain

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