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JP3557797B2 - Semiconductor device - Google Patents
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JP3557797B2 - Semiconductor device - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP3557797B2
JP3557797B2 JP18955396A JP18955396A JP3557797B2 JP 3557797 B2 JP3557797 B2 JP 3557797B2 JP 18955396 A JP18955396 A JP 18955396A JP 18955396 A JP18955396 A JP 18955396A JP 3557797 B2 JP3557797 B2 JP 3557797B2
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Prior art keywords
film
solder
thickness
bonding
base electrode
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH1041303A (en
Inventor
浩三 清水
俊也 赤松
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Fujitsu Ltd
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Fujitsu Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10WGENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W72/00Interconnections or connectors in packages
    • H10W72/01Manufacture or treatment
    • H10W72/012Manufacture or treatment of bump connectors, dummy bumps or thermal bumps

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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ベアチップをフリップチップ接合して構成される半導体パッケージおよびBGA、QFP等とプリント基板を接合してなるマルチチップモジュール(MCM)といった半導体装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
図5は従来の説明図である。
図において、1は半導体チップ、2ははんだバンプ、4はNi膜、6はAu膜である。
【0003】
近年、電子部品の高密度実装化に伴い、入出力端子数の多端子化、および端子間のピッチの微細化が進行し、CMOS素子と基板の接合方法として、ワイヤボンディング法から、配線長が短く一括接合が可能なフリップチップ接合を行なっている。
【0004】
フリップチップ接合はでは、はんだバンプ、電極を介して直接LSIと基板を接合している。接合に用いるはんだ材料としては、これまでに鉛(Pb)−錫(Sn)系の合金が多く使用されていた。
【0005】
しかし、Pbは複数の同位体が存在し、それら同位体はウラン(U)、トリウム(Th)の崩壊系列中の、中間生成物あるいは最終生成物であり、崩壊の際、He原子を放出するα崩壊を伴うことから、はんだ中よりα線を生じる。そしてそのα線がCMOS素子に到達してソフトエラーを発生する。
【0006】
また、Pbは土壌に流出すると酸性雨によって溶け出し、環境に影響を及ぼすことがわかっており、環境の面からもPbを使わないはんだ材料が強く求められている。
【0007】
そこで、Pb系はんだに代わる材料として、Snに銀(Ag)、Bi(蒼鉛)、アンチモン(Sb)、亜鉛(Zn)を混合或いは添加したはんだ材料がつかわれ始めている。
【0008】
これらのはんだ材料は、混合する量あるいは添加量は、使用するはんだ材料の温度階層によって異なるが、CMOS素子等のはんだ接合においては、Snの組成比が90%以上含まれる、200℃以上の比較的高融点のはんだ材料が用いられている。
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来、Pb系はんだ接合に用いる下地電極膜の材料としては、図5に示すようにCMOし等の半導体チップ1のアルミニウム(Al)電極上から順に、チタン(Ti)膜3、ニッケル(Ni)膜4、金(Au)膜6の膜構成となっている。これまでの半導体チップ1接合に用いる、例えばPb−5%Snといったはんだ材料では、Snの組成は10%以下であり、上述の下地電極の膜構成によって信頼性の高い接合体を形成することができた。
【0010】
しかし、Snの組成比が90%以上であるSn系のはんだ材料を使用した場合、上述の下地電極の膜構成で接合を行なうと、最も膜厚の大きいNi膜4は、はんだ接合工程の際の温度サイクル間にはんだバンプ2中のSnと反応してはんだ中に拡散し、その結果、下地電極におけるNi膜4の膜厚は減少し、接合強度の低下、さらにはバンプ欠け、破断等が生じるといった問題が生じた。
【0011】
本発明は、以上の点を鑑み、下地電極膜の材料のNiがはんだ材料中へ拡散するのを遅らせるか、或いは阻止する半導体装置の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
図1は本発明の原理説明図である。
図において、1は半導体チップ、2ははんだバンプ、3はTi膜、4はNi膜、5はCr膜、6はAu膜、7はNiである。
【0013】
本発明では、下地電極膜の材料のNiがはんだ材料の中へ拡散するのを遅らせるために、図1に示すように、Ni膜4中にSnに対する拡散を抑制する金属層を設けること、およびNi膜4の膜厚を大きくしてはんだ付け工程が終了した時点でも下地電極膜にNiが残存し得る膜厚とすること等により、上記の問題点を解決する。
【0014】
すなわち、クロム(Cr)膜5をNi膜4の中間に挿入することにより、以下に述べる効果が得られる。
はんだ付け工程中において、はんだ接合部では、図2(a)に平面図で模式拡大図で、また図2(b)に断面図で示すように、はんだ側のNiが前述の図5に示すように、はんだのSn中に拡散が進行し、Cr膜5が直接Snと接触する。SnとCrは濡れ性が低く、金属化合物を形成しないため、反応速度は低下する。しかし、Cr膜5の膜厚は200〜2000Å程度と薄く、スパッタ直後は図1に示すように積層状態となっているが、転写やウエットバック等のはんだ付け工程中に、図2(a)に平面図で模式拡大図で、また図2(b)に断面図で示すように、Cr膜5にある欠陥(隙間)にNi7が拡散移動してそれが島状に分布しており、徐々にNi7がCrとともに拡散するため、接合強度を損なうことなくNi7の拡散速度を抑制することができる。
【0015】
また、Ni膜4の膜厚を1μm以上にすることによって、はんだ付けプロセス終了時において、下地電極膜上に0.5μm程度のNi膜4が残っており、良好な接合体を得ることができる。
【0016】
ここで、Cr膜5の膜厚を200〜2000Åに限定した理由として、200Å以下ではCr膜5による拡散抑制効果は得られず、また、2000Å以上では、Si側のNi膜4の拡散はCr膜5によって遮られ、Cr膜5の上でははんだをはじき、バンプ欠けを生じるためである。
【0017】
すなわち、本発明の目的は、半導体のチップ1或いはパッケージ上に形成されたはんだバンプ2の下地電極膜が、チタン、ニッケル、クロム、ニッケル、金の順に積層された膜からなることにより、
また、前記下地電極膜はNi膜4が1μmを超える厚さであることにより、
また、前記下地電極膜はクロム膜が200〜2000Åの厚さであることにより達成される。
【0018】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1は本発明の原理説明図兼一実施例の説明図、図3は本発明を適用した半導体パッケージ断面構造図、図4は本発明を適用したMCM外観図である。
【0019】
図において、1は半導体チップ、2ははんだバンプ、3はTi膜、4はNi膜、5はCr膜、6はAu膜、8はAlN基板、9はCu−ポリイミド薄膜配線層、10は外部リード、11はキャップ、12はMCM基板である。
【0020】
本発明の実施例について、先ず図1により説明する。
表1に膜構成、およびはんだ付け後の接合状態、バンプ欠けについて示す。
【0021】
【表1】

Figure 0003557797
【0022】
本発明の第一の実施例では、LSI等の半導体チップ1に対して、はんだバンプ2の電極として、Ti膜3を1000Å、Ni膜4を1μm、Cr膜5を1000Å、Ni膜4を1μm、Au膜6を1000Åの厚さに蒸着法あるいはスパッタ法により形成する。
【0023】
はんだ材料は、表2に示す組成の合金の内、融点240〜245℃のNo6、融点230〜235℃のNo9、融点221℃のNo16の三種類で評価した。
【0024】
【表2】
Figure 0003557797
【0025】
そして、図3に断面図で示すように、半導体チップ1に対してめっき法およびはんだボールによってはんだバンプ2を形成し、フラックスを塗布した後、コンベア炉中でAlN基板8とフリップチップ接合を行なった。はんだ付けの条件はリフロー温度が最高で融点+30℃で、リフロー時間は12分、その内最高温度には2分間保つ。
【0026】
尚、はんだバンプ径は100μmであり、バンプ間のピッチは210μmである。
第二の実施例では、LSI等の半導体チップ1に対して、はんだバンプ2の下地電極膜として、Ti膜3を1000Å、Ni膜4を2000Å、5000Å、1μm、Cr膜5を1000Å、Ni膜4を2000Å、5000Å、1μm、Au膜6を1000Åの厚さに蒸着法あるいはスパッタ法により形成し、Ni膜4の膜厚を変えた影響を調べた。そして、第一の実施例と同様にして、フリップチップ接合を行なった。
【0027】
その結果、Ni膜4の膜厚が2000Å+2000Åではんだ付け終了後において、バンプ欠けが数十個見られたのに対して、Ni膜4の膜厚が5000Å×2の場合、1μm×2の場合は、いずれもバンプ欠けが生じないで、良好なはんだ接合体が得られた。
【0028】
第三の実施例では、LSI等の半導体チップ1に対して、はんだバンプ2の電極として、Ti膜3を1000Å、Ni膜4を2000Å、5000Å、1μmに可変、Cr膜5を200〜2000Å、Ni膜4を2000Å、5000Å、1μmに可変、Auを1000Åの厚さに蒸着法あるいはスパッタ法により形成し、Niの膜厚とともに、Crの膜厚を変えて、その影響を調べた。そして、第一、第二の実施例と同様にして、フリップチップ接合を行なった。
【0029】
その結果、Ni膜4の膜厚が2000Å×2の場合、あるいはCr膜5の膜厚が2000Å以上でNi膜4の膜厚が5000Å×2以下の場合には、はんだ付け終了後においてバンプ欠けが数十個見られたのに対して、Ni膜4の膜厚が5000Å×2で、Cr膜5の膜厚が200〜2000Åの場合は、いずれもバンプ欠けが生じないで、良好なはんだ接合体が得られた。
【0030】
次に、第一〜第三の実施例により作製したCMOSデバイスを用い、図3に示すような半導体パッケージを作製した。
続いて、第一の実施例と同じ工程により作製したCMOSデバイス、およびその他のデバイスを搭載して、図4に示すようなマルチチップモジュール構成体を作製した。
【0031】
その結果、表1に示すように、各はんだ材料とも、Ni膜4は0.2μm以上残存しており、良好なはんだ接合部を作製できた。
本発明はCMOS等の半導体チップ1のフリップチップ接合のみならず、Snを主成分としたはんだで接合を行なうその他のBGA、QFP等の接合方式においても、その電極材料として使うことにより同様の効果が期待される。
【0032】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、Pbフリー化に対応したSn系のはんだ合金でフリップチップ接合、あるいは他の接合方式の電極に対して本発明を実施することにより、バンプ欠け、はんだ付け不良といった障害を発生することなく、良好なはんだ接合部を形成することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の原理説明図
【図2】本発明のCr膜の作用の説明図
【図3】本発明を適用した半導体パッケージ断面構造図
【図4】本発明を適用したMCM外観図
【図5】従来例の説明図
【符号の説明】
図において、
1 半導体チップ
2 はんだバンプ
3 Ti膜
4 Ni膜
5 Cr膜
6 Au膜
7 Ni
8 AlN基板
9 Cu−ポリイミド薄膜配線層
10 外部リード
11 キャップ
12 MCM基板[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a semiconductor package such as a flip-chip bonded bare chip and a semiconductor device such as a multi-chip module (MCM) formed by bonding a BGA, a QFP or the like to a printed circuit board.
[0002]
[Prior art]
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the related art.
In the figure, 1 is a semiconductor chip, 2 is a solder bump, 4 is a Ni film, and 6 is an Au film.
[0003]
In recent years, with the high density mounting of electronic components, the number of input / output terminals has been increased and the pitch between the terminals has been reduced, and the wiring length has been changed from the wire bonding method to the CMOS element and substrate bonding method. Flip-chip bonding that enables short batch bonding is performed.
[0004]
In flip chip bonding, an LSI and a substrate are directly bonded via solder bumps and electrodes. As a solder material used for joining, a lead (Pb) -tin (Sn) -based alloy has often been used so far.
[0005]
However, Pb has a plurality of isotopes, which are intermediate products or end products in the decay series of uranium (U) and thorium (Th), and emit He atoms upon decay. Due to the α collapse, α rays are generated from the solder. Then, the α-ray reaches the CMOS element and generates a soft error.
[0006]
Also, it has been found that Pb melts out due to acid rain when it flows into the soil, which affects the environment. Therefore, there is a strong demand for a solder material that does not use Pb from the viewpoint of the environment.
[0007]
Therefore, as a material replacing the Pb-based solder, a solder material in which silver (Ag), Bi (blue lead), antimony (Sb), and zinc (Zn) are mixed or added to Sn has begun to be used.
[0008]
The mixing amount or the addition amount of these solder materials differs depending on the temperature hierarchy of the solder material to be used. However, in a solder joint such as a CMOS device, the composition ratio of Sn is 90% or more. A high melting point solder material is used.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Conventionally, as a material of a base electrode film used for Pb-based solder bonding, as shown in FIG. 5, a titanium (Ti) film 3 and a nickel (Ni) film are formed in order from the aluminum (Al) electrode of the semiconductor chip 1 by CMO or the like. It has a film configuration of a film 4 and a gold (Au) film 6. In a conventional solder material such as Pb-5% Sn used for bonding the semiconductor chip 1, the composition of Sn is 10% or less, and a highly reliable bonded body can be formed by the above-described film configuration of the base electrode. did it.
[0010]
However, when an Sn-based solder material in which the Sn composition ratio is 90% or more is used, if the bonding is performed with the above-described film configuration of the base electrode, the Ni film 4 having the largest film thickness will be formed in the solder bonding step. Reacts with Sn in the solder bumps 2 and diffuses into the solder during the temperature cycle described above, and as a result, the thickness of the Ni film 4 in the base electrode decreases, the bonding strength decreases, and furthermore, the bumps are chipped or broken. A problem has arisen.
[0011]
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device which delays or prevents Ni of a material of a base electrode film from diffusing into a solder material.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the principle of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is a semiconductor chip, 2 is a solder bump, 3 is a Ti film, 4 is a Ni film, 5 is a Cr film, 6 is an Au film, and 7 is Ni.
[0013]
In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, a metal layer for suppressing the diffusion of Sn into the Ni film 4 is provided in order to delay the diffusion of Ni of the material of the base electrode film into the solder material; The above problem is solved by increasing the thickness of the Ni film 4 to a thickness that allows Ni to remain in the base electrode film even at the time when the soldering step is completed.
[0014]
That is, by inserting the chromium (Cr) film 5 in the middle of the Ni film 4, the following effects can be obtained.
During the soldering process, as shown in the plan view in FIG. 2A and the schematic enlarged view in FIG. 2A and in the cross-sectional view in FIG. As described above, the diffusion proceeds into the Sn of the solder, and the Cr film 5 comes into direct contact with the Sn. Since Sn and Cr have low wettability and do not form metal compounds, the reaction rate decreases. However, the thickness of the Cr film 5 is as thin as about 200 to 2000 ° and is in a laminated state immediately after sputtering, as shown in FIG. 1, but during the soldering process such as transfer or wet back, FIG. As shown in a plan view and a schematic enlarged view, and as a cross-sectional view in FIG. 2B, Ni7 diffuses and moves to a defect (gap) in the Cr film 5 and is distributed in an island shape. Since Ni7 diffuses together with Cr, the diffusion rate of Ni7 can be suppressed without impairing the bonding strength.
[0015]
Further, by setting the thickness of the Ni film 4 to 1 μm or more, the Ni film 4 having a thickness of about 0.5 μm remains on the base electrode film at the end of the soldering process, and a good bonded body can be obtained. .
[0016]
Here, the reason why the thickness of the Cr film 5 is limited to 200 to 2000 ° is that the diffusion suppression effect by the Cr film 5 cannot be obtained below 200 °, and the diffusion of the Ni film 4 on the Si side becomes more than 2000 °. This is because it is blocked by the film 5 and repels the solder on the Cr film 5 to cause the chipping of the bump.
[0017]
In other words, an object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor chip 1 or a solder bump 2 formed on a package, in which a base electrode film of a titanium, nickel, chromium, nickel, and gold is laminated in this order,
Further, the base electrode film has a Ni film 4 having a thickness exceeding 1 μm,
The base electrode film is achieved by a chromium film having a thickness of 200 to 2,000 mm.
[0018]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of the principle of the present invention and an explanatory view of one embodiment, FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a semiconductor package to which the present invention is applied, and FIG. 4 is an external view of an MCM to which the present invention is applied.
[0019]
In the figure, 1 is a semiconductor chip, 2 is a solder bump, 3 is a Ti film, 4 is a Ni film, 5 is a Cr film, 6 is an Au film, 8 is an AlN substrate, 9 is a Cu-polyimide thin film wiring layer, and 10 is an outside. A lead, 11 is a cap, and 12 is an MCM substrate.
[0020]
An embodiment of the present invention will be described first with reference to FIG.
Table 1 shows the film configuration, the bonding state after soldering, and the lack of bumps.
[0021]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003557797
[0022]
In the first embodiment of the present invention, as the electrodes of the solder bumps 2, the Ti film 3, the Ni film 4 is 1 μm, the Cr film 5 is 1000 μm, and the Ni film 4 is 1 μm as the electrodes of the solder bumps 2 with respect to the semiconductor chip 1 such as LSI. , Au film 6 is formed to a thickness of 1000 ° by vapor deposition or sputtering.
[0023]
Among the alloys having the compositions shown in Table 2, three types of solder materials were evaluated: No. 6 having a melting point of 240 to 245 ° C., No. 9 having a melting point of 230 to 235 ° C., and No. 16 having a melting point of 221 ° C.
[0024]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003557797
[0025]
Then, as shown in the sectional view of FIG. 3, a solder bump 2 is formed on the semiconductor chip 1 by a plating method and a solder ball, and after applying a flux, flip chip bonding with the AlN substrate 8 is performed in a conveyor furnace. Was. The soldering conditions are as follows: the reflow temperature is the highest and the melting point is + 30 ° C., the reflow time is 12 minutes, and the maximum temperature is kept at 2 minutes.
[0026]
The solder bump diameter is 100 μm, and the pitch between the bumps is 210 μm.
In the second embodiment, for a semiconductor chip 1 such as an LSI, as a base electrode film of a solder bump 2, a Ti film 3 is 1000Å, a Ni film 4 is 2000Å, 5000Å, 1 μm, a Cr film 5 is 1000Å, and a Ni film is 4 was formed to a thickness of 2000Å, 5000Å, 1 μm, and Au film 6 to a thickness of 1000Å by a vapor deposition method or a sputtering method, and the effect of changing the film thickness of the Ni film 4 was examined. Then, flip-chip bonding was performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
[0027]
As a result, after the soldering was completed with the thickness of the Ni film 4 being 2000 ° + 2000 °, dozens of bumps were found. On the other hand, when the Ni film 4 was 5000 mm × 2 and 1 μm × 2. In each case, a good solder joint was obtained without any bump chipping.
[0028]
In the third embodiment, as the electrodes of the solder bumps 2, the Ti film 3 can be changed to 1000 °, the Ni film 4 can be changed to 2000 °, 5000 °, 1 μm, and the Cr film 5 can be changed to 200 ° to 2000 ° for the semiconductor chip 1 such as an LSI. The Ni film 4 was formed to a thickness of 2000 °, 5000 °, and 1 μm, and Au was formed to a thickness of 1000 ° by a vapor deposition method or a sputtering method. The effect was examined by changing the Cr film thickness together with the Ni film thickness. Then, flip-chip bonding was performed in the same manner as in the first and second embodiments.
[0029]
As a result, when the film thickness of the Ni film 4 is 2000 mm × 2, or when the film thickness of the Cr film 5 is 2000 mm or more and the film thickness of the Ni film 4 is 5000 mm × 2 or less, the bump is missing after the soldering is completed. In the case where the thickness of the Ni film 4 is 50005 × 2 and the thickness of the Cr film 5 is 200 to 2000Å, no bump chipping occurs and good soldering is obtained. A conjugate was obtained.
[0030]
Next, a semiconductor package as shown in FIG. 3 was manufactured using the CMOS devices manufactured according to the first to third embodiments.
Subsequently, a CMOS device manufactured by the same process as in the first embodiment and other devices were mounted thereon to manufacture a multi-chip module structure as shown in FIG.
[0031]
As a result, as shown in Table 1, in each of the solder materials, the Ni film 4 remained at 0.2 μm or more, and a good solder joint was produced.
The present invention can be applied not only to the flip chip bonding of the semiconductor chip 1 such as a CMOS but also to other bonding methods such as BGA, QFP, etc. in which the bonding is carried out by using solder containing Sn as a main component. There is expected.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, by applying the present invention to flip-chip bonding or an electrode of another bonding method using an Sn-based solder alloy corresponding to Pb-free, failures such as chipping of bumps and defective soldering occur. A good solder joint can be formed without performing.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of the principle of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of the operation of a Cr film of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a semiconductor package to which the present invention is applied. FIG. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional example.
In the figure,
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Semiconductor chip 2 Solder bump 3 Ti film 4 Ni film 5 Cr film 6 Au film 7 Ni
Reference Signs List 8 AlN substrate 9 Cu-polyimide thin film wiring layer 10 External lead 11 Cap 12 MCM substrate

Claims (3)

半導体のチップ或いはパッケージ上に形成されたはんだバンプの下地電極膜が、チタン、ニッケル、クロム、ニッケル、金の順に積層された膜からなることを特徴とする半導体装置。A semiconductor device, wherein a base electrode film of a solder bump formed on a semiconductor chip or a package is a film laminated in the order of titanium, nickel, chromium, nickel, and gold. 前記チタンと前記クロムの間のニッケル膜の膜厚は0.5〜1μmであり、かつ前記クロムと前記金の間のニッケル膜の膜厚は0.5〜1μmであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の半導体装置。 The thickness of the nickel film between the titanium and the chromium is 0.5 to 1 μm, and the thickness of the nickel film between the chromium and the gold is 0.5 to 1 μm. Item 2. The semiconductor device according to item 1. 前記下地電極膜はクロム膜が200〜2000Åの厚さであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の半導体装置。2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein said base electrode film has a chromium film having a thickness of 200 to 2000 [deg.].
JP18955396A 1996-07-18 1996-07-18 Semiconductor device Expired - Fee Related JP3557797B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP18955396A JP3557797B2 (en) 1996-07-18 1996-07-18 Semiconductor device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP18955396A JP3557797B2 (en) 1996-07-18 1996-07-18 Semiconductor device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH1041303A JPH1041303A (en) 1998-02-13
JP3557797B2 true JP3557797B2 (en) 2004-08-25

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JP18955396A Expired - Fee Related JP3557797B2 (en) 1996-07-18 1996-07-18 Semiconductor device

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100919079B1 (en) * 2007-07-25 2009-09-28 앰코 테크놀로지 코리아 주식회사 Semiconductor Package and Fabricating Method Thereof

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