JP3565262B2 - Member allocation method and member allocation processing device - Google Patents

Description

【００３５】
（２）製品部材の合計長さを演算する処理（図４中に符号ＳＴ３２で示す）
製品部材の加工データから必要な製品部材の本数及びそれぞれの長さを抽出する。該製品部材の長さをＳ_１ 、Ｓ_２ 、Ｓ_３ 、・・・・・ Ｓ_ｍ−１ 、Ｓ_ｍ （０＜Ｓ_１ ≦Ｓ_２ ≦Ｓ_３ ・・・・≦Ｓ_ｍ−１ ≦Ｓ_ｍ ）とすると、これらを降順に並べるとともに、全製品部材の合計長さＳＳを次式によって演算する。
【数１】

【００３６】
例えば、製品部材の本数を５本とすると、製品部材の各々の長さ及び合計長さは表２のように示される。
【表２】

【００３７】
（３）一次割付け処理
上記製品部材のすべてを切り出すには、原材料は、上記製品部材の合計長さと等しいか又はこれ以上の長さが必要である。したがって一次割付けの対象となるのは、設定された原材料の組合せのうち、合計長さＳＧが必要な製品部材の合計長さＳＳより長いか又は等しいものとなる。表１、表２に示す例では、表１中のＳＧ３８以降の組合せである。
そして、まず合計長さＳＧがＳＳより大きいか又は等しいものの中で最短の組合せについて、製品部材のすべてを割付けることができるか否かを照査し、割付けることができなければ次の組合せについて照査するという工程をくり返す（ＳＴ３３）。すべての製品部材が割付けられれば、一次割付け処理を終了し、その組合せを選択し、二次割付け処理に進む（ＳＴ３５）。
【００３８】
上記製品部材のすべてを割付けることができるか否かの照査は次のような手順で行われる。
（手順１）
照査対象である原材料の組合せに含まれる最大長の未使用原材料を取り出し、製品部材のリスト中の未割付けで最大長の製品部材に割付ける（ＳＴ３６）。
（手順２）
上記割付けした後の残材長を計算する。
（手順３）
手順１で割付けを行った後の残材に、未割付けで該残材に割付け可能な製品部材のうち、最大長のものを割付け、残材長を計算する（ＳＴ３７，ＳＴ３８）。（手順４）
手順３を割付けができなくなるまでくり返し、割付け不可能となれば、該原材料を使用済とし、次の原材料の割付けに移る（ＳＴ３７のＮの場合、ＳＴ３４）。
【００３９】
（手順５）
手順１から手順４までを、照査対象としている組合せに含まれるすべての原材料についてくり返す（ＳＴ３４の（３）の場合）。
（手順６）
原材料のすべてが使用済みとなっても、未割付の製品部材がある場合（ＳＴ３４の（２）の場合）は、その原材料の組合せに全製品部材を割付けることはできなかったことになり、次の組合せの照査に移る。
（手順７）
すべての製品部材の割付けができれば、その組合せを選択して、一次割付けを終了し、二次割付けに進む（ＳＴ３４の（１）の場合）。
【００４０】
（４）二次割付け処理
二次割付け処理は、一次割付け処理で選択された原材料の組合せについて、その組合せに含まれる原材料から１本又は複数本を抽出し、これらの合計長さより短い他の一本の原材料と置き換えることができるか否かを照査する。そして、この置き換えを行うことによって歩留りの高い木取り割付けに修正するものである。
【００４１】
具体的に説明すると、まず１本の原材料を抽出し、この原材料Ｇ_Ｈ から製品部材Ｓ_Ｌ を取るように木取り割付けされていると、この原材料Ｇ_Ｈ （＝ＷＧ_Ｌ ）より短く、この原材料Ｇ_Ｈ に割り付けられている製品部材Ｓ_Ｌ （＝ＷＳ_Ｊ ）より長いか等しい長さの１本の原材料Ｇ_Ｋ があるか否かを照査する。つまり、
Ｓ_Ｌ ≦Ｇ_Ｋ ＜Ｇ_Ｈ
が成立するか否かを照査する（ＳＴ４１）。そして、これが成立するときには、原材料Ｇ_Ｈ を原材料Ｇ_Ｋ に置き換える（ＳＴ４２）。
【００４２】
次に、２本の原材料を抽出する場合を考える。
一次割付け処理の結果が、１本の原材料Ｇ_Ｈ から１本の製品部材Ｓ_Ｌ を取り、他の１本の原材料Ｇ_Ｉ から１本の製品部材Ｓ_Ｍ をとるように木取り割付けされていると、これらの原材料の合計長さ Ｇ_Ｈ ＋Ｇ_Ｉ （＝ＷＧ_Ｌ ）より短く、これらの原材料に割付けられている製品部材の合計長さ Ｓ_Ｌ ＋Ｓ_Ｍ （＝ＷＳ_Ｊ ）より長いか等しい長さの１本の原材料Ｇ_Ｋ があるか否かを照査する。つまり、
Ｓ_Ｌ ＋Ｓ_Ｍ ≦Ｇ_Ｋ ＜Ｇ_Ｈ ＋Ｇ_Ｉ （ただし、Ｇ_Ｉ ＜Ｇ_Ｋ 、Ｇ_Ｈ ＜Ｇ_Ｋ ） ・・・・・・・ （１）式〔原材料の置き換え判断の条件式〕
が成立するか否かを照査する。
【００４３】
このような条件が成立していれば、２本の原材料Ｇ_Ｈ 、Ｇ_Ｉ をＧ_Ｋ に置き換えても製品部材Ｓ_Ｌ 、Ｓ_Ｍ は割付けることができ、より歩留りの高い割付けとなる。
【００４４】
一次割付け処理で選択された原材料の組合せに含まれるそれぞれの原材料から２本の原材料を抽出し、上記（１）式の右側不等式 Ｇ_Ｋ ＜Ｇ_Ｈ ＋Ｇ_Ｉ として考えられる組合せＧＲは、原材料の種類数がｎとすると、
ＧＲ＝｛ｎ×（ｎ−１）×（ｎ＋１）｝／６
で示される数だけあり、列記すると次のようになる。
【００４５】
なお、上記原材料の置き換えを考える際に Ｇ_Ｈ ＋Ｇ_Ｉ ＜Ｇ_Ｋ となる場合、つまり１本の長い原材料を２本の原材料に置き換えて歩留りが向上する場合、又はＧ_１ ＜Ｇ_１ ＋Ｇ_１ 、Ｇ_２ ＜Ｇ_１ ＋Ｇ_３ （Ｇ_１ ＜Ｇ_２ ＜Ｇ_３ ）となる場合、つまり、一次割付けで割付けられている２本の原材料をこのうちの１本より短いか又は長さが等しい場合は考慮しない。これらの場合は、一次割付けを適切に行うことにより、すなわち、一次割付けにおいて、製品部材の合計長さＳＳより合計長さが長いすべての原材料の組合せのうち、合計長さの短いものから順に、長尺の製品部材を優先して割付けると、上記のような置き換えが必要となる場合は生じないと考えられる。
【００４６】
【数２】

これらの式は、例えば原材料の長さの種類ｎが４（表１）の場合、上記式（ａ）〜式（ｏ ）は下記の１０式となる。
【００４７】
【数３】

【００４８】
上記（２）式のうち、右辺及び左辺に実際の値を代入して上記不等号が成立するもののみを選択する（ＳＴ４３）。つまり、Ｇ_４ （５９００ｍｍ）＜Ｇ_１ ＋Ｇ_１ （４９７０ｍｍ）は成立しないので除外される。次に、一次割付け処理で選択された原材料の組合せに右辺の置き換え対象となる原材料が存在する式を抽出する（ＳＴ４４）。 つまり、一次割付け処理で選択された原材料の組合せがＧ_１ を３本、Ｇ_２ を２本含むものであると、上記（２）式のうち、置き換えを考慮しなければならない式は、右辺にＧ_３ 、Ｇ_４ を含まないものであり、以下の７式となる。
Ｇ_２ ＜Ｇ_１ ＋Ｇ_１
Ｇ_３ ＜Ｇ_１ ＋Ｇ_１
Ｇ_４ ＜Ｇ_１ ＋Ｇ_１
Ｇ_３ ＜Ｇ_１ ＋Ｇ_２
Ｇ_４ ＜Ｇ_１ ＋Ｇ_２
Ｇ_３ ＜Ｇ_２ ＋Ｇ_２
Ｇ_４ ＜Ｇ_２ ＋Ｇ_２
【００４９】
上記のようにして選択された式について、右辺の原材料に一次割付け処理で割り付けられている製品部材の長さの和と対比し、原材料の置き換え判断の条件式
Ｓ_Ｌ ＋Ｓ_Ｍ ≦Ｇ_Ｋ ＜Ｇ_Ｈ ＋Ｇ_Ｉ
が成立するか否かを照査する（ＳＴ４５）。そして、上記が成立するとＧ_Ｈ ＋Ｇ_Ｉ をＧ_Ｋ に置き換えて、修正された原材料の組合せとする（ＳＴ４５のＹの場合、ＳＴ４７）。
この修正された原材料の組合せについて、さらに、上記のような原材料の置き換え処理を繰り返し、置き換えが不可能となったところで、これを最適な木取り割付けとし、二次割付け処理を終了する（ＳＴ４６）。
なお、上記二次割付け処理は、製品部材が割付けられた１本の原材料を他の原材料に、又は２本の原材料を１本の他の原材料に置き換える処理を行うものであるが、同様の手続によって３本以上の原材料を１本の他の原材料に置き換える処理を併せて行うこともできる。
【００５０】
［一次及び二次割付け処理の具体例］
次に、上記一次割付け処理及び二次割付け処理を、表１に示す原材料から表２に示す製品部材を切り出す場合について、具体的な数値をあてはめて説明する。
【００５１】
（ａ）この例における原材料は、Ｇ_１ ＝２４８５ｍｍ、Ｇ_２ ＝３９７５ｍｍ、Ｇ_３ ＝４９３５ｍｍ、Ｇ_４ ＝５９００ｍｍ の４種類であり、これらの原材料を組み合わせたときの合計長さ（ＳＧ）を計算し、短いものから順に列記すると表１の通りとなる（ＳＴ３１）。
【００５２】
（ｂ）求める製品部材は、２２１５ｍｍのものが３本と、３９４５ｍｍのものが２本であり、これらには、表２に示すように、短いものから順にＳ_１ 〜Ｓ_５ までの符号が付されている。そして、これらの製品部材の合計長さ（ＳＳ）は、表２に示すように１４５３５ｍｍである（ＳＴ３２）。
【００５３】
（ｃ）表１中の原材料の組合せのうち、割付け処理の対象となるものは合計長さ（ ＳＧ） が製品部材の合計長さ（ＳＳ＝１４５３５ｍｍ）より長いものであり、ＳＧ３８が最初に割付け処理を試みる候補となり、割付けが可能となるまで、表３に示すようにＳＧ３８以降について順次、割付け処理を試みる（ＳＴ３３）。
【００５４】
（ｄ）一次割付け処理は、まず最長の原材料４９３５ｍｍ（１本目）を最長の製品部材３９４５ｍｍ（１本目）に割付け、残材長９９０ｍｍを算出する（ＳＴ３６）。
【００５５】
（ｅ）上記９９０ｍｍの残材は未割付けの製品部材で最大長のもの４９３５ｍｍに割付け不可であり、その次の長さの２２１５ｍｍにも割付け不可である。したがって、この残材は使用不可として処分される（ＳＴ３７，Ｎの場合）。
【００５６】
（ｆ）次に、未使用の原材料のうち最長のもの４９３５ｍｍ（２本目）を最長の未割付けの製品部材３９４５ｍｍ（２本目）に割付け、残材長９９０ｍｍを算出する（ＳＴ３６）。
【００５７】
（ｇ）９９０ｍｍの残材は最大長の未割付け製品２２１５ｍｍ（１本目）に割付不可であるので処分される。
【００５８】
（ｈ）未使用の原材料のうち最長の４９３５ｍｍ（３本目）を、最長の未割付けの製品部材２２１５ｍｍ（１本目）に割付け、残材長２７２０ｍｍを算出する（ＳＴ３６）。
【００５９】
（ｉ）２７２０ｍｍび残材は、最大長の未割付け製品部材２２１５ｍｍ（２本目）に割付け、残材長５０５ｍｍを算出する（ＳＴ３７でＹの場合、ＳＴ３８）。
【００６０】
（ｊ）５０５ｍｍの残材は、最大長の未割付け製品部材２２１５ｍｍ（３本目）に割付け不可であり、処分される。
【００６１】
（ｋ）以上の一次割付け処理で、未使用の原材料がなくなったが、未割付けの製品部材２２１５ｍｍ（３本目）が残っており、この原材料の組合せは、割付不可として次の組合せの候補ＳＧ３９に手続を移行する（ＳＴ３４の（２）の場合）。
【００６２】
（ｌ）次の組合せの候補ＳＧ３９について同様に一次割付け処理を行う。このように順次一次割付け処理を行った結果、表３に示す２番目の候補であるＳＧ３９から７番目の候補であるＳＧ４４までは、割付不可となり、８番目の候補であるＳＧ４５については割付け可能となる。
この組合せは、原材料Ｇ_１ を３本、Ｇ_２ を２本含むものであり、表５に示すように、３本の原材料Ｇ_１ にそれぞれ製品部材Ｓ_１ 、Ｓ_２ 、Ｓ_３ が割り付けられ、２本の原材料Ｇ_２ にそれぞれ製品部材Ｓ_４ 、Ｓ_５ が割り付けられている。
一次割付け処理は、この原材料の組合せを選択して終了し、二次割付け処理に移る。
【表３】

【００６３】
（ｍ）二次割付け処理では、まず、１本の原材料を他の１本の原材料に置き換えることができるか否かを考える（ＳＴ４１）。
置き換えの組み合わせは次のとおりである。
Ｇ_１ ＜Ｇ _２
Ｇ_１ ＜Ｇ _３
Ｇ_１ ＜Ｇ _４
Ｇ_２ ＜Ｇ _３
Ｇ_２ ＜Ｇ _４
Ｇ_３ ＜Ｇ _４
このうち、一次割付けで割付け可能となった原材料の組み合わせＳＧ４５は、原材料Ｇ_１ 及び原材料Ｇ_２ のみを含むものであり、置き換えの可能性は、
Ｇ_１ ＜Ｇ _２
のみとなる。
【００６４】
（ｎ）この組合わせについて割付けられた製品部材の長さＳ_Ｌ と対比すると、
Ｓ_５ （３９４５ｍｍ）＜Ｇ_１ （２４８５ｍｍ）＜Ｇ _２（３９７５ｍｍ）
は成立しない。したがって、１本の原材料を他の原材料に置き換えることはできない。
（ｏ）次に、２本の原材料を１本の原材料に置き換える場合を考える。
この例では、原材料が４種であり、置き換えの組合せは、［数２］で検討する式をさがすと次の左式のとおりとなり、次に数値を代入してその成立不成立をチェックすると次のとおりとなる。
Ｇ_２ ＜Ｇ_１ ＋Ｇ_１ （３９７５ｍｍ＜２４８５ｍｍ＋２４８５ｍｍ） → 成立 …… 式（Ａ）
Ｇ_３ ＜Ｇ_１ ＋Ｇ_１ （４９３５ｍｍ＜２４８５ｍｍ＋２４８５ｍｍ） → 成立 …… 式（Ｂ）
Ｇ_４ ＜Ｇ_１ ＋Ｇ_１ （５９００ｍｍ＜２４８５ｍｍ＋２４８５ｍｍ） →不成立 …… 式（Ｃ）
Ｇ_３ ＜Ｇ_１ ＋Ｇ_２ （４９３５ｍｍ＜２４８５ｍｍ＋３９７５ｍｍ） → 成立 …… 式（Ｄ）
Ｇ_４ ＜Ｇ_１ ＋Ｇ_２ （５９００ｍｍ＜２４８５ｍｍ＋３９７５ｍｍ） → 成立 …… 式（Ｅ）
Ｇ_４ ＜Ｇ_１ ＋Ｇ_３ （５９００ｍｍ＜２４８５ｍｍ＋４９３５ｍｍ） → 成立 …… 式（Ｆ）
Ｇ_３ ＜Ｇ_２ ＋Ｇ_２ （４９３５ｍｍ＜３９７５ｍｍ＋３９７５ｍｍ） → 成立 …… 式（Ｇ）
Ｇ_４ ＜Ｇ_２ ＋Ｇ_２ （５９００ｍｍ＜３９７５ｍｍ＋３９７５ｍｍ） → 成立 …… 式（Ｈ）
Ｇ_４ ＜Ｇ_２ ＋Ｇ_３ （５９００ｍｍ＜３９７５ｍｍ＋４９３５ｍｍ） → 成立 …… 式（Ｉ）
Ｇ_４ ＜Ｇ_３ ＋Ｇ_３ （５９００ｍｍ＜４９３５ｍｍ＋４９３５ｍｍ） → 成立 …… 式（Ｊ）
【００６５】
（ｐ）上記１０通りの組合せのうち、式（Ｃ）は、原材料の寸法を代入すると不等式が成立しないので除外する（ＳＴ４３）。
また、一次割付けで選択された原材料の組合せにはＧ_３ は含まれておらず、置き換えを考慮すべきものは式（Ａ）、式（Ｂ）、式（Ｄ）、式（Ｅ）、式（Ｇ）、式（Ｈ）の６式に限定される（ＳＴ４４）。
【００６６】
（ｑ）上記６通りについて、それぞれの原材料に割り付けられている製品部材の合計長さを計算し、原材料置き換えの判別式［（１）式］が成立するか否かを次のように照査する（ＳＴ４５）。
Ｓ_１ ＋Ｓ_２ ≦Ｇ_２ ＜Ｇ_１ ＋Ｇ_１ （２２１５ｍｍ＋２２１５ｍｍ≦３９７５ｍｍ＜２４８５ｍｍ＋２４８５ｍｍ）不成立 …… 式（Ａ）
Ｓ_１ ＋Ｓ_２ ≦Ｇ_３ ＜Ｇ_１ ＋Ｇ_１ （２２１５ｍｍ＋２２１５ｍｍ≦４９３５ｍｍ＜２４８５ｍｍ＋２４８５ｍｍ）成立 …… 式（Ｂ）
Ｓ_１ ＋Ｓ_４ ≦Ｇ_３ ＜Ｇ_１ ＋Ｇ_２ （２２１５ｍｍ＋３９４５ｍｍ≦４９３５ｍｍ＜２４８５ｍｍ＋３９７５ｍｍ）不成立 …… 式（Ｄ）
Ｓ_１ ＋Ｓ_４ ≦Ｇ_４ ＜Ｇ_１ ＋Ｇ_２ （２２１５ｍｍ＋３９４５ｍｍ≦５９００ｍｍ＜２４８５ｍｍ＋３９７５ｍｍ）不成立 …… 式（Ｅ）
Ｓ_４ ＋Ｓ_５ ≦Ｇ_３ ＜Ｇ_２ ＋Ｇ_２ （３９４５ｍｍ＋３９４５ｍｍ≦４９３５ｍｍ＜３９７５ｍｍ＋３９７５ｍｍ）不成立 …… 式（Ｇ）
Ｓ_４ ＋Ｓ_５ ≦Ｇ_４ ＜Ｇ_２ ＋Ｇ_２ （３９４５ｍｍ＋３９４５ｍｍ≦５９００ｍｍ＜３９７５ｍｍ＋３９７５ｍｍ）不成立 …… 式（Ｈ）
【００６７】
（ｒ）上記のように６通りの式に数値を代入したときに、不等号は式（Ｂ）が成立し、２本のＧ_１ をＧ_３ に置き換えて、合計長さを少なくできることが分かる（ＳＴ４５のＹの場合）。したがって、表４に示すように２本の原材料Ｇ_１ を１本のＧ_３ に置き換えた原材料の組合せを新たな候補（９番目の候補）とする（ＳＴ４７）。このときの木取り割付は、表５に示すように、原材料Ｇ_１ に製品部材Ｓ_１ が、原材料Ｇ_３ に２本の製品部材Ｓ_２ 、Ｓ_３ が、２本の原材料Ｇ_２ にそれぞれ製品部材Ｓ_４ 、Ｓ_５ が割り付けられている。
【００６８】
【表４】

【００６９】
【表５】

【００７０】
（ｓ）この９番目の候補について、さらに、以上の二次割付け処理を繰り返し、原材料の置き換えが可能か否かを照査する。このとき、照査する原材料の組合せは、原材料Ｇ_１ が１本に変更されているので式（Ａ）〜式（Ｊ）までの１０式のうち、式（Ａ）、式（Ｂ）、式（Ｃ）は、存在し得ない。また、式（Ｊ）も、原材料Ｇ_３ は１本しかないので存在し得ない。したがって、次の式（Ｄ）〜式（Ｉ）を考慮する。
【００７１】
Ｓ_１ ＋Ｓ_４ ≦Ｇ_３ ＜Ｇ_１ ＋Ｇ_２ （２２１５ｍｍ＋３９４５ｍｍ≦４９３５ｍｍ＜２４８５ｍｍ＋３９７５ｍｍ）不成立 …… 式（Ｄ）
Ｓ_１ ＋Ｓ_４ ≦Ｇ_４ ＜Ｇ_１ ＋Ｇ_２ （２２１５ｍｍ＋３９４５ｍｍ≦５９００ｍｍ＜２４８５ｍｍ＋３９７５ｍｍ）不成立 …… 式（Ｅ）
Ｓ_１ ＋Ｓ_２ ＋Ｓ_３ ≦Ｇ_４ ＜Ｇ_１ ＋Ｇ_２ （２２１５ｍｍ＋２２１５ｍｍ＋２２１５ｍｍ≦５９００ｍｍ＜２４８５ｍｍ＋４９３５ｍｍ）不成立 …… 式（Ｆ）
Ｓ_４ ＋Ｓ_５ ≦Ｇ_３ ＜Ｇ_２ ＋Ｇ_２ （３９４５ｍｍ＋３９４５ｍｍ≦４９３５ｍｍ＜３９７５ｍｍ＋３９７５ｍｍ）不成立 …… 式（Ｇ）
Ｓ_４ ＋Ｓ_５ ≦Ｇ_４ ＜Ｇ_２ ＋Ｇ_２ （３９４５ｍｍ＋３９４５ｍｍ≦５９００ｍｍ＜３９７５ｍｍ＋３９７５ｍｍ）不成立 …… 式（Ｈ）
Ｓ_２ ＋Ｓ_３ ＋Ｓ_４ ≦Ｇ_４ ＜Ｇ_２ ＋Ｇ_３ （２２１５ｍｍ＋２２１５ｍｍ＋３９４５ｍｍ≦５９００ｍｍ＜３９７５ｍｍ＋４９３５ｍｍ）不成立 …… 式（Ｉ）
上記式（Ｆ）と式（Ｉ）とは、右辺に原材料Ｇ_３ を含むが、Ｇ_３ は先の二次割付け処理でＳ_２ とＳ_３ とが割り付けられており、式（Ｆ）の左辺はＧ_１ に割り付けられているＳ_１ を加えて（Ｓ_１ ＋Ｓ_２ ＋Ｓ_３ ）となり、式（Ｉ）の左辺はＧ_２ に割り付けられているＳ_４ を加えて（Ｓ_２ ＋Ｓ_３ ＋Ｓ_４ ）となっている。
【００７２】
（ｔ）上記、式（Ｄ）〜式（Ｉ）は、実際の数値を代入するといずれも成立せず、原材料の置き換えはできない（ＳＴ４５のＮの場合）。したがって、この９番目の候補である原材料の組合せを最適のものとして、割付け処理を終了する（ＳＴ４６）。
なお、上記のような割付け処理により得られた結果に基づき木取り表が作成され、さらに木取り加工データが作成される。木取り加工データは、予め図１に示す装置における原材料の投入順番、加工順番も決定してあるので、投入する原材料に識別するための情報の付与（ラベル貼付等）を行うことが不要であり、また投入された材の長さ、幅、高さを測定することも不要であり、加工の効率化に寄与する。
【００７３】
次に、本願発明に係る木取り割付けの他の具体例について説明する。
上記具体例は、二次割付け処理において、１本の原材料を他の原材料に置き換えることができないものであったが、次に示す具体例では、１本の原材料を他の原材料に置き換えることによって適切な木取り割付けが可能となるものである。
【００７４】
（ａ）この例における原材料は、Ｇ_１ ＝１１ｍ、Ｇ_２ ＝１５ｍの２種類であり、これらの原材料を組み合わせたときの合計長さ（ＳＧ）を計算し、短いものから順に列記すると次の通りとなる。
ＳＧ１＝１１ｍ （１１ｍ １本）
ＳＧ２＝１５ｍ （１５ｍ １本）
ＳＧ３＝２２ｍ （１１ｍ＋１１ｍ）
ＳＧ４＝２６ｍ （１５ｍ＋１１ｍ）
ＳＧ５＝３０ｍ （１５ｍ＋１５ｍ）
ＳＧ６＝４１ｍ （１５ｍ＋１５ｍ＋１１ｍ）
【００７５】
（ｂ）求める製品部材は、Ｓ１＝７ｍ，Ｓ２＝８ｍ，Ｓ３＝１０ｍの３本であり、これらの製品部材の合計長さ（ＳＳ）は、２５ｍである。
【００７６】
（ｃ）上記原材料の組合せのうち、割付け処理の対象となるものは合計長さ（ ＳＧ） が製品部材の合計長さ（ＳＳ＝２５ｍ）より長いものであり、ＳＧ４が最初に割付け処理を試みる候補となる。
【００７７】
（ｄ）一次割付け処理は、まず最長の原材料１５ｍを最長の製品部材Ｓ３＝１０ｍに割付け、残材５ｍを算出する。
【００７８】
（ｅ）上記５ｍの残材は未割付けの製品部材で最大長のものＳ２＝８ｍに割付け不可であり、その次の長さのＳ１＝７ｍにも割付け不可である。したがって、この残材は使用不可として処分される。
【００７９】
（ｆ）次に、未使用の原材料の１１ｍを最長の未割付けの製品部材Ｓ２＝８ｍに割付け、残材長３ｍを算出する。
【００８０】
（ｇ）３ｍの残材は未割付け製品部材Ｓ１＝７ｍに割付不可であるので処分される。
【００８１】
（ｈ）この時点で原材料がなくなり、未割付けの製品部材Ｓ１＝７ｍが残っているのでこの原材料の組合わせＳＧ４には割付け不可能である。したがって、次の原材料の組合わせＳＧ５についての照査に移る。
【００８２】
（ｉ）最長の原材料１５ｍを最長の製品部材Ｓ３＝１０ｍに割付け、残材５ｍを算出する。
【００８３】
（ｊ）上記５ｍの残材は未割付けの製品部材で最大長のものＳ２＝８ｍに割付け不可であり、その次の長さのＳ１＝７ｍにも割付け不可である。したがって、この残材は使用不可として処分される。
【００８４】
（ｋ）次に、未使用の原材料の１５ｍを最長の未割付けの製品部材Ｓ２＝８ｍに割付け、残材長７ｍを算出する。
【００８５】
（ｌ）７ｍの残材は未割付け製品部材Ｓ１＝７ｍに割付け、一次割付けを終了する。
【００８６】
（ｍ）続いて、二次割付けに移ると
、原材料１５ｍを原材料に１１ｍに置き換えることが可能か否かを照査する。
上記一次割付けにおいて、１本目の原材料（１５ｍ）には、製品部材Ｓ３＝１０ｍのみが割り付けられているので、これを原材料１１ｍに置き換えが可能である。
【００８７】
（ｎ）上記原材料１５ｍを、原材料１１ｍに置き換えて二次割付けを終了する。
【００８８】
なお、以上の説明では、次の▲１▼、▲２▼を前提とする。したがって実施の際には当然▲１▼、▲２▼を考慮することとなる。
▲１▼刃物幅、ハナ切長さは製品の長さのなかに含まれるものとしておく。
実際には、
［１本の原材料長］
＝［該原材料に木取割付された（製品長＋刃物幅＋ハナ切長さ）の総和］
＋［残材の長さ］
であるが、本文の説明中では
［１本の原材料長］
＝［該原材料に木取割付された製品長の総和］＋［残材の長さ］
とし、製品長に刃物幅及びハナ切長さを含むものとする。
▲２▼原材料、製品は同一樹種、断面形状である。
【００８９】
【発明の効果】
以上、説明したように、本願発明に係る部材割付け方法では、一次割付け工程で所定の製品部材を割付けることができる原材料の組合せを見つけ、その後の二次割付け工程で原材料の組合せを最適なものに修正するので、簡単かつ迅速に最適の部材割付けを決定することができる。
また、本願発明に係る部材割付け加工装置では、最適な部材の割付けを迅速に行うとともに、原材料の加工までを自動的に迅速に行うことが可能となる。
また、本願発明に係るコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体を用いることにより、コンピュータで最適な部材割付けを簡単かつ迅速に決定することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】請求項４又は請求項５に記載の発明の一実施形態である木取り割付け加工装置の概略構成図である。
【図２】図１の木取り割付け加工装置における演算装置及び入力装置の構成を示すブロック図である。
【図３】図１の木取り割付け加工装置の動作を示すフロー図である。
【図４】図１に示す木取り割付け加工装置における木取り割付け処理であって、請求項１、請求項２又は請求項３に記載の発明の一実施形態である木取り割付け方法を示すフロー図である。
【図５】図４の注釈を示す図表である。
【図６】図１に示す木取り割付け加工装置における木取り割付け処理であって、請求項１、請求項２又は請求項３に記載の発明の一実施形態である木取り割付け方法を示すフロー図である。
【符号の説明】
１ 入力装置
２ 演算装置
３ プリンタ
４ 加工装置
５ 制御装置
６ ディスプレイ
４１ 投入コンベア
４２ 支持テーブル
４３ 搬送コンベア
４４ クロスカット（丸鋸）ユニット
４５ ドリル（錐）ユニット
４６ ルータユニット
４７ 加工テーブル
４８ 搬送コンベア
４９ 払出しコンベア[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
In order to cut out a predetermined number of product members of a predetermined length from a plurality of types of raw materials having predetermined lengths, the present invention determines the number of necessary raw materials of each length, and a product member is added to these raw materials. The present invention relates to a member allocating method for appropriately allocating, a member allocating apparatus for processing a raw material by the member allocating method, and a computer-readable recording medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute the above-described member allocating process. Things.
[0002]
[Prior art]
It is performed in various fields to cut out a required number of members (hereinafter referred to as product members) of a predetermined length from raw materials supplied in a predetermined length and assemble them to produce a finished product. For example, there is a case where a wooden member for constructing a house or a wooden member for manufacturing a house panel is cut out from lumbered wood to a predetermined length.
[0003]
In the case of cutting out materials for building a wooden house as described above, a method has conventionally been used in which a woodcutting specification is created and processing is performed according to the specifications. Because of the variety and the required length of product members, the rational preparation method of the woodcutting specification has not been established. In addition, if a woodcut specification is created manually, the yield may fluctuate depending on the skill of the worker, and it has not been evaluated whether or not the woodcut allocation is optimally performed.
[0004]
Under such circumstances, an apparatus that uses a computer or the like to quickly and rationally cut out predetermined product members from raw materials is described in, for example, JP-A-7-156107 and JP-B-2-27922. Have been.
[0005]
The apparatus described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-156107 creates a woodcutting table from these information when the specifications, quantities, and woodcutting specifications of the components of the panel used in the building are input, and based on the data, It seeks to control the transfer, supply and processing of raw materials.
[0006]
Further, the apparatus described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-27922 measures the dimensions of the delivered wood, compares the obtained data with the previously stored product shape data, and calculates the product shape that can be processed with the highest yield. Is selected to perform the processing.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the conventional apparatus as described above has the following problems.
The apparatus described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 7-156107 creates a woodcutting table from data of necessary components, but creates a woodcutting table by comparing data of necessary components with data of raw materials. Nothing is shown about specific logics and the like, and there is a problem that if the creation of the woodcutting table is not performed properly, processing with a low yield will be performed.
[0008]
In the apparatus described in Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 2-27922, as a method of selecting a product shape that can be processed with the highest yield, the shape is measured from the introduced wood, the longest product is cut first, and thereby, It is stated that long products are to be preferentially harvested, whereby cuts can be reduced as much as possible and product yield can be improved. However, it does not specifically describe whether the best yield can be obtained. That is, in the above method, the yield is only improved such that preferential logging of long products is performed on the wood whose shape has been measured, and then the remaining wood is used if it can be removed again. Therefore, this method is not always processed with the highest yield. The prerequisites for the wood to be brought in and prepared are also different. This means that while the present invention seeks the yield of raw materials of a plurality of fixed lengths by means of effective logging, in the prior application, wood is not assumed to be of a fixed length, but is imported. The point is that a method for measuring the shape of the obtained wood is used to process the material with a good yield.
[0009]
Therefore, in the means described in the above publication, allocation with the highest yield is not always performed. In other words, when the longest product shape is assigned to each of the imported wood pieces, the length of the cut ends may be shorter when two short product shapes are divided.
[0010]
The invention according to the present application has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to cut out a predetermined number of product members having a predetermined length from a plurality of types of fixed-length raw materials whose lengths are determined in advance. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for allocating a product member to a raw material by a simple calculation with a high yield.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention according to claim 1 is a method for cutting out a predetermined number of product members of a predetermined length from a plurality of raw materials of a fixed length by a predetermined number. A member allocation method for determining the number of materials of each length, comprising: setting a plurality of combinations of the length of the fixed-size raw materials and the number thereof; and calculating a total length of the raw materials for each combination; A step of calculating the total length of the product members to be performed; and for a combination of the raw materials having a total length of the raw materials longer or equal to the total length of the product members, from a raw material included in the combination by a predetermined procedure. Whether all product parts can be cut out is checked in order from the shortest total length of the combination of raw materials, and the combination of raw materials that can cut out all product parts is selected. The combination of the raw materials selected in the primary allocation step and the primary allocation step to determine whether it is possible to replace a plurality of raw materials included in the combination with another raw material shorter than the total length thereof And a secondary allocating step of determining the allocation by performing the replacement when there is a replaceable raw material.
[0012]
In this member allocation method, for a set combination of raw materials, it is checked whether or not a predetermined number of product members can be cut out, and a combination capable of cutting out all product members is selected. In the primary assignment process, it is not necessary to strictly check whether or not the selection of the combination is optimal. In other words, it is possible to correct the combination to the optimum by the secondary allocation step performed later, and the combination of the raw materials selected in the primary allocation step does not necessarily have to have the highest yield.
Therefore, for each combination of raw materials, it is checked whether or not all necessary product parts can be cut out, and the logic for determining the primary assignment can be simple, and there is no need to perform many operations to search for the optimal assignment. It is possible to perform the assignment quickly with a small number of processes.
In the secondary allocation step, the combination of the raw materials selected in the primary allocation step can be checked and corrected by a simple procedure, and the optimum combination can be determined.
[0013]
The logic for performing the primary allocation assigns the longest one of the product members to be cut out to the longest raw material included in the combination of the raw materials to be checked, as described in claim 2, and the remaining of the raw materials. For the material, the longest product member that can be assigned to the remaining material is assigned to the unassigned product material, and if the same procedure is repeated for the remaining material and the assignment becomes impossible, the unassigned raw material May include a procedure that repeats the same assignment to the longest one.
[0014]
By performing the primary allocation process in this way, it is possible to determine the allocation of the raw materials included in the combination to be checked one by one in a long order, and it is not necessary to repeat many trials and errors, and it is a simple operation. Primary assignment can be performed.
In addition, the certain procedure in the above-mentioned primary allocation is the method of starting from the smallest product, and the method of starting with one raw material per product, as opposed to the case where the longest product is preferentially harvested as described above. And a method of allocating such that the remaining material length is minimized.
[0015]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the member allocating method according to the first or second aspect, the secondary allocating step includes selecting one material selected from raw materials included in the combination selected in the primary allocating step. Length or total length of two or more_L  ], The total length of all product parts assigned to the selected raw material_J  ]
[WS_J  ] ≦ G_K  <[WG_L  ]
Is G_K  Procedures for checking whether or not the raw materials are present.
[0016]
In such a member allocating method, it is possible to check whether or not the combination of the raw materials to which the primary allocation has been made can be replaced with a more optimal raw material by a simple calculation, and to quickly determine the optimum raw material combination. be able to.
[0017]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a display for displaying a combination of the arithmetic means for performing the steps of the first, second, and third aspects and the raw materials determined in the secondary allocation step by the arithmetic means. The present invention provides a member allocating apparatus having means and a member processing section for cutting a raw material input according to the display of the display means on the basis of the secondary allocation data obtained by the arithmetic means.
[0018]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the steps described in the first, second or third aspects are performed, and the wood members used for the construction of the wooden building are arranged. A wood-cutting allocating unit to be created; a processing-order determining operation unit that determines the input order of the wood as the raw material from the wood-cutting table based on a predetermined procedure; and a wood-cutting table and a raw material determined by the processing-order determining calculation unit. A machining data creation calculation unit for creating woodcutting data based on the input order; a machining unit for cutting and machining wood as input raw material; and a machining unit for controlling the machining device based on the woodcutting data. It is intended to provide a member allocating apparatus having a control device.
[0019]
In this member assignment processing apparatus, the assignment of members is quickly determined by the calculation means as described in claim 1, claim 2 or claim 3, and the material member is supplied based on the data to supply the raw material. Can be automatically and quickly performed.
[0020]
The invention according to claim 6 is a process for setting a plurality of combinations of the length and the number of the raw materials from the input data of the plurality of lengths of the raw materials, and calculating a total length of the raw materials for each combination. Processing of calculating the total length of the product member from the input data on the length and number of each product member to be cut out from the raw material; and calculating the total length of the raw material from the total length of the product member. For a combination of the raw materials having long or equal lengths, whether or not all product members can be cut out from the raw materials included in the combination by a certain procedure is checked sequentially from the shortest total length of the combinations of raw materials. Can cut out all product partsChoose a combination of raw materialsIn the primary allocation process and the combination of the raw materials selected in the primary allocation process, it is determined whether it is possible to replace a plurality of raw materials included in the combination with another raw material shorter than the total length thereof. And a computer-readable recording medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute a secondary allocation process of performing a replacement and determining a high-yield allocation when there is a replaceable raw material that has been checked. To do.
[0021]
By operating the computer according to the program recorded on this recording medium, the steps described in claim 1, claim 2 or claim 3 can be performed quickly, and the optimal assignment of members can be determined. Therefore, it is possible to quickly and stably cut out a member having a high yield.
[0022]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention according to the present application will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a woodworking allocating device (member allocating device) according to an embodiment of the invention.
The woodcutting and laying processing device includes an input device 1 for inputting necessary data on a product member, an arithmetic device 2 for performing necessary calculations including a woodcutting and allocating process based on the data input from the input device 1, A printer 3 for outputting a calculation result by the calculation device 2, a processing device 4 for processing raw materials based on the calculation result, and a control device 5 for controlling the operation of the processing device 4 based on the calculation result. Have. In addition, a display 6 for displaying the calculation result and the like is provided as needed.
[0023]
The processing apparatus cuts and supplies necessary wood to the supplied raw material based on the calculation result. The raw material input conveyor 41, a support table 42 for supporting the input raw material, and a support table 42, a conveyor 43 for gripping the raw material supported on 42 and transporting the raw material to a predetermined position in the axial direction, a cross-cut (circular saw) unit 44 for cutting the raw material to a predetermined length, and a drill ( A drill unit 45, a router unit 46 for engraving the side surface of the raw material, a processing table 47 for supporting the cross cut unit 44, the drill unit 45, and the router unit 46, and a raw material processed from the processing table 47. It has a transport conveyor 48 and a payout conveyor 49 for carrying out.
[0024]
Such a processing device operates as follows.
The raw materials prepared according to the woodcutting table are transported onto the support table 42 by the input conveyor 41 and transported to a predetermined position on the processing table 47 by the transport conveyor 43. Then, the cross-cut unit 44, the drill unit 45, and the router unit 46 operate based on the wood-cutting data, and necessary processing is performed. After the processing is completed, the member that has become a product is conveyed in the axial direction by the conveyer 48, and then is conveyed out of the processing device by the payout conveyer 49.
[0025]
Further, when cutting out another product member from the remaining material after cutting out a member of a predetermined length by the cross cut unit 44, that is, when cutting out a plurality of product members from one raw material, one member is used. The cut-out remaining material is left on the support table 42 on the input side, and after the processing of the previously cut-out member is completed, the above-mentioned remaining material is transferred to a predetermined position by the conveyor 43, and further cut and punched. , Carving, etc.
[0026]
On the other hand, the input device and the arithmetic device of the above-mentioned wood arranging and processing apparatus have functions as shown in the block diagram of FIG. That is, the input device 1 inputs a panel design specification input device 11 for inputting data relating to product members, such as specifications of panels used for a wooden building, for example, and input necessary change data for a result calculated by the calculation device. Function, for example, a keyboard can be used.
The data change input device inputs the data to be changed when the operator looks at the woodcut table obtained by the woodcut layout processing and considers that the data should be changed from the situation of the raw materials. .
[0027]
The processing unit 2 generates or extracts data necessary for wood removal from the input data on the product members. The processing data generation processing unit 21 performs a wood removal allocation process based on the generated work data. It functions as a wood-cutting allocation processing device 22 that creates data, and a data conversion device 23 that converts wood-cutting data obtained in the wood-cutting allocation process into control data of the processing device.
In addition, the above-mentioned wood-cutting layout processing apparatus can perform the calculation for determining the processing order of the raw materials based on a certain standard, in addition to performing the wood-cutting layout processing. Here, the certain reference is, for example, processing in the order of the wood removal table in Table 5.
[0028]
The above-mentioned wood arranging and processing apparatus performs processing in the steps as shown in FIG. 3 with the above-described configuration.
First, when the design specification of the panel is input from the input device 1 (ST1), processing data of a product is generated by the processing data generation processing device 21 (ST2). Then, using the generated processing data, a tree-cutting allocation process is performed (ST3), and a tree-cutting table is created (ST4). The processing order of the raw materials is determined from the woodcut table (ST5), and woodcut data is created (ST6). The wood cutting data is converted by the data conversion device 23 into control data for controlling the processing device (ST7), and is input to the control device (ST8).
[0029]
On the other hand, raw materials are prepared based on the determined processing order of the raw materials (ST9), and are input to the processing device (ST10). Then, the processing device into which the raw materials are charged is controlled by a signal from the control device, and is sequentially processed (ST11).
[0030]
The tree arrangement processing (ST3) in the above-mentioned tree arrangement processing apparatus is roughly divided into the following four steps.
(1) Step of setting a combination of raw materials and calculating the total length of the raw materials included in the combination
(2) Step of calculating the total length of the product member to be cut out
(3) Primary allocation step of selecting a combination of raw materials from which all product members can be cut out from combinations of raw materials having a total length greater than or equal to the total length of the product members.
(4) Secondary allocation process that corrects the combination of raw materials selected in the primary allocation process to the optimal combination
These steps are performed as shown in FIGS. 4, 5, 6, and below.
[0031]
Note that this tree allocation processing is an embodiment of the invention described in claim 1, claim 2, or claim 3. A recording medium storing a program for performing the tree allocation processing by a computer is an embodiment of the invention described in claim 5 of the present application.
[0032]
(1) Process of setting the combination of raw materials and calculating the total length (indicated by reference numeral ST31 in FIG. 4)
There are K kinds of raw materials that can be used.₁  , G₂  , G₃  … G_K-1  , G_K  (0 <G₁  <G₂  <G₃  <・ ・ ・ ・ <G_K-1  <G_K  )
Then, a combination of which raw material and how many of these raw materials are used is set. At this time, since a plurality of raw materials can be supplied, they may overlap. Also, there is no need to limit the total number of raw materials used.
[0033]
Thus, the combination of K kinds of raw materials set is G₁  Starts with one, and G_K  One, G₁  Is two, G₁  And G₂  , G₁  And G₃  A plurality of combinations are set as described above, the total length SG is obtained, and the total length SG is arranged in ascending order.
For example, assuming that there are four types of raw materials, the combinations are listed in Table 1 starting with the shortest total length SG.
[0034]
[Table 1]

[0035]
(2) Processing for calculating the total length of the product members (indicated by ST32 in FIG. 4)
The required number of product members and their respective lengths are extracted from the processing data of the product members. The length of the product member is S₁  , S₂  , S₃  , ... S_m-1  , S_m  (0 <S₁  ≤S₂  ≤S₃  ・ ・ ・ ・ ≦ S_m-1  ≤S_m  ), These are arranged in descending order, and the total length SS of all the product members is calculated by the following equation.
(Equation 1)

[0036]
For example, assuming that the number of product members is five, the length and total length of each of the product members are shown in Table 2.
[Table 2]

[0037]
(3) Primary allocation processing
In order to cut out all of the product members, the raw material needs to be equal to or longer than the total length of the product members. Therefore, the target of the primary allocation is a combination of the set raw materials whose total length SG is longer than or equal to the total length SS of the required product member. In the examples shown in Tables 1 and 2, the combinations after SG38 in Table 1 are used.
Then, first, for the shortest combination in which the total length SG is greater than or equal to SS, it is checked whether all the product members can be allocated. If not, the next combination is determined. The step of checking is repeated (ST33). When all the product members have been allocated, the primary allocation processing ends, the combination is selected, and the process proceeds to the secondary allocation processing (ST35).
[0038]
The check as to whether all of the product members can be allocated is performed in the following procedure.
(Procedure 1)
The longest unused raw material included in the combination of raw materials to be checked is taken out and assigned to the unassigned maximum length product member in the list of product members (ST36).
(Procedure 2)
Calculate the remaining material length after the above allocation.
(Procedure 3)
The maximum length of the unallocated product members that can be allocated to the remaining material after the allocation in Step 1 is allocated to the remaining material, and the remaining material length is calculated (ST37, ST38). (Procedure 4)
The procedure 3 is repeated until the assignment becomes impossible. If the assignment becomes impossible, the raw material is used, and the process proceeds to the assignment of the next raw material (ST34 in the case of N of ST37).
[0039]
(Procedure 5)
Steps 1 to 4 are repeated for all the raw materials included in the combination to be checked (in the case of (3) in ST34).
(Procedure 6)
Even if all of the raw materials have been used, if there are unassigned product members (in the case of (2) in ST34), it means that all the product members could not be assigned to the combination of the raw materials. Move on to the next combination of checks.
(Procedure 7)
If all the product members can be allocated, the combination is selected, the primary allocation is completed, and the process proceeds to the secondary allocation (in the case of (1) in ST34).
[0040]
(4) Secondary allocation processing
In the secondary allocation process, for the combination of raw materials selected in the primary allocation process, one or more raw materials included in the combination may be extracted and replaced with another raw material shorter than the total length. Check if it can be done. Then, by performing this replacement, the layout is corrected to a high yielding tree arrangement.
[0041]
Specifically, one raw material is first extracted, and this raw material G is extracted._H  From product parts S_L  If you are assigned to take wood,_H  (= WG_L  ) Shorter than this raw material G_H  Product S assigned to_L  (= WS_J  ) One raw material G of longer or equal length_K  Check if there is. That is,
S_L  ≤G_K  <G_H
It is checked whether or not is established (ST41). And when this holds, the raw material G_H  Raw material G_K  (ST42).
[0042]
Next, a case where two raw materials are extracted will be considered.
The result of the primary allocation processing is one raw material G_H  From one product member S_L  And the other one raw material G_I  From one product member S_M  And the total length of these raw materials is G_H  + G_I  (= WG_L  ) Shorter, the total length of the product parts allocated to these raw materials S_L  + S_M  (= WS_J  ) One raw material G of longer or equal length_K  Check if there is. That is,
S_L  + S_M  ≤G_K  <G_H  + G_I  (However, G_I  <G_K  , G_H  <G_K  ) ······· (1) Formula [Conditional formula for determination of replacement of raw materials]
Check whether or not holds.
[0043]
If such a condition is satisfied, two raw materials G_H  , G_I  To G_K  Product parts S_L  , S_M  Can be assigned, resulting in a higher yield.
[0044]
Two raw materials are extracted from each raw material included in the combination of raw materials selected in the primary allocation processing, and the right inequality G in the above equation (1) is obtained._K  <G_H  + G_I      Assuming that the number of kinds of raw materials is n,
GR = {n × (n−1) × (n + 1)} / 6
There are as many numbers as shown in the table below.
[0045]
When considering the replacement of the above raw materials, G_H  + G_I  <G_K      In other words, when the yield is improved by replacing one long raw material with two raw materials, or G₁  <G₁  + G₁  , G₂  <G₁  + G₃  (G₁  <G₂  <G₃  ), That is, when the two raw materials allocated in the primary allocation are shorter or equal in length than one of them. In these cases, by performing the primary allocation appropriately, that is, in the primary allocation, of the combinations of all raw materials whose total length is longer than the total length SS of the product members, in order from the one having the shorter total length, If the long product members are preferentially allocated, it is considered that the above-described replacement is not required.
[0046]
(Equation 2)

For example, when the length n of the length of the raw material is 4 (Table 1), the above equations (a) to (o) become the following 10 equations.
[0047]
(Equation 3)

[0048]
Of the above equation (2), only the values that satisfy the above inequality by substituting actual values into the right and left sides are selected (ST43). That is, G₄  (5900mm) <G₁  + G₁  (4970 mm) is excluded because it does not hold. Next, an expression is extracted in which the raw material to be replaced on the right side exists in the raw material combination selected in the primary allocation processing (ST44). That is, the combination of the raw materials selected in the primary allocation processing is G₁  Three, G₂  Is included in the above expression (2), the expression that must be considered for replacement is represented by G₃  , G₄  And the following seven equations are obtained.
G₂  <G₁  + G₁
G₃  <G₁  + G₁
G₄  <G₁  + G₁
G₃  <G₁  + G₂
G₄  <G₁  + G₂
G₃  <G₂  + G₂
G₄  <G₂  + G₂
[0049]
For the formula selected as described above, the conditional expression for determining the replacement of the raw material is compared with the sum of the lengths of the product members allocated to the raw material on the right side in the primary allocation process.
S_L  + S_M  ≤G_K  <G_H  + G_I
It is checked whether or not is established (ST45). And if the above holds, G_H  + G_I  To G_K  To the corrected combination of raw materials (in the case of Y in ST45, ST47).
With respect to this corrected combination of raw materials, the above-described raw material replacement processing is further repeated. When replacement becomes impossible, this is set as the optimal tree layout, and the secondary layout processing ends (ST46).
The above-mentioned secondary allocation process is a process of replacing one raw material to which a product member is allocated with another raw material, or replacing two raw materials with one other raw material. Thus, a process of replacing three or more raw materials with one other raw material can also be performed.
[0050]
[Specific examples of primary and secondary allocation processing]
Next, the primary allocation process and the secondary allocation process will be described with reference to specific numerical values in a case where a product member shown in Table 2 is cut out from raw materials shown in Table 1.
[0051]
(A) The raw material in this example is G₁  = 2485mm, G₂  = 3975mm, G₃  = 4935mm, G₄  = 5900 mm. The total length (SG) when these raw materials are combined is calculated and listed in ascending order, as shown in Table 1 (ST31).
[0052]
(B) The product members to be sought are three with 2215 mm and two with 3945 mm.₁  ~ S₅  The symbols up to are attached. The total length (SS) of these product members is 14535 mm as shown in Table 2 (ST32).
[0053]
(C) Among the combinations of raw materials in Table 1, those to be subjected to the layout processing are those whose total length (SG) is longer than the total length of the product members (SS = 14535 mm), and SG38 is the layout processing first. Until the assignment becomes possible, the allocation process is sequentially attempted for SG38 and thereafter as shown in Table 3 (ST33).
[0054]
(D) In the primary allocation processing, first, the longest raw material 4935 mm (first) is allocated to the longest product member 3945 mm (first), and the remaining material length 990 mm is calculated (ST36).
[0055]
(E) The above 990 mm remaining material cannot be allocated to the unallocated product member having the maximum length of 4935 mm and cannot be allocated to the next length of 2215 mm. Therefore, this remaining material is disposed of as unusable (ST37, N).
[0056]
(F) Next, the longest unused material, 4935 mm (second), is allocated to the longest unallocated product member 3945 mm (second), and the remaining material length 990 mm is calculated (ST36).
[0057]
(G) The residual material of 990 mm is discarded because it cannot be allocated to the unallocated product having the maximum length of 2215 mm (first).
[0058]
(H) Among the unused raw materials, the longest 4935 mm (third) is allocated to the longest unallocated product member 2215 mm (first), and the remaining material length 2720 mm is calculated (ST36).
[0059]
(I) The 2,720 mm and the remaining material are allocated to the unallocated product member 2215 mm (second) having the maximum length, and the remaining material length 505 mm is calculated (in the case of Y in ST37, ST38).
[0060]
(J) The residual material of 505 mm cannot be allocated to the unallocated product member 2215 mm (third) of the maximum length and is disposed of.
[0061]
(K) Although the unused raw materials disappeared in the primary allocation processing described above, the unallocated product member 2215 mm (third) remains, and the combination of the raw materials is determined to be unallocatable and is set to the next combination candidate SG39. The procedure is shifted (in the case of (2) in ST34).
[0062]
(L) The primary assignment processing is similarly performed on the next combination candidate SG39. As a result of sequentially performing the primary assignment processing in this manner, the assignment is impossible from the second candidate SG39 to the seventh candidate SG44 shown in Table 3, and the eighth candidate SG45 is assignable. Become.
This combination is the raw material G₁  Three, G₂  And, as shown in Table 5, three raw materials G₁  Each product parts S₁  , S₂  , S₃  Are allocated, and two raw materials G₂  Each product parts S₄  , S₅  Is assigned.
The primary allocation process selects and terminates this combination of raw materials, and proceeds to the secondary allocation process.
[Table 3]

[0063]
(M) In the secondary assignment processing, first, it is determined whether one raw material can be replaced with another raw material (ST41).
The replacement combinations are as follows.
G₁  <G₂
G₁  <G₃
G₁  <G₄
G₂  <G₃
G₂  <G₄
G₃  <G₄
Of these, the raw material combination SG45 that can be allocated by primary allocation is the raw material G₁  And raw material G₂  And the possibility of replacement is
G₁  <G₂
Only.
[0064]
(N) Length S of the product member allocated for this combination_L  In contrast to
S₅  (3945mm) <G₁  (2485 mm) <G₂(3975mm)
Does not hold. Therefore, one raw material cannot be replaced with another raw material.
(O) Next, consider a case where two raw materials are replaced with one raw material.
In this example, there are four types of raw materials, and the combination of replacements is as shown in the following left expression when looking for the expression examined in [Equation 2]. It is as follows.
G₂  <G₁  + G₁      (3975mm <2485mm + 2485mm) → established ...... formula (A)
G₃  <G₁  + G₁      (4935mm <2485mm + 2485mm) → established ...... formula (B)
G₄  <G₁  + G₁      (5900mm <2485mm + 2485mm) → Not established ...... Equation (C)
G₃  <G₁  + G₂      (4935mm <2485mm + 3975mm) → established …… Formula (D)
G₄  <G₁  + G₂      (5900mm <2485mm + 3975mm) → established ...... formula (E)
G₄  <G₁  + G₃      (5900mm <2485mm + 4935mm) → established ...... formula (F)
G₃  <G₂  + G₂      (4935mm <3975mm + 3975mm) → established ...... formula (G)
G₄  <G₂  + G₂      (5900mm <3975mm + 3975mm) → established ...... formula (H)
G₄  <G₂  + G₃      (5900 mm <3975 mm + 4935 mm) → established ...... Equation (I)
G₄  <G₃  + G₃      (5900 mm <4935 mm + 4935 mm) → established ...... Equation (J)
[0065]
(P) Of the above ten combinations, Expression (C) is excluded because the inequality expression does not hold when the dimensions of the raw materials are substituted (ST43).
In addition, the combination of raw materials selected in the primary assignment is G₃  Are not included, and the ones to be considered for replacement are limited to the six equations of Equations (A), (B), (D), (E), (G), and (H) ( ST44).
[0066]
(Q) For the above six cases, the total length of the product members allocated to the respective raw materials is calculated, and whether or not the discriminant for replacing the raw materials [Equation (1)] is satisfied is checked as follows. (ST45).
S₁  + S₂  ≤G₂  <G₁  + G₁      (2215 mm + 2215 mm ≦ 3975 mm <2485 mm + 2485 mm) Not established ...... Equation (A)
S₁  + S₂  ≤G₃  <G₁  + G₁      (2215 mm + 2215 mm ≦ 4935 mm <2485 mm + 2485 mm) holds ... Expression (B)
S₁  + S₄  ≤G₃  <G₁  + G₂      (2215 mm + 3945 mm ≦ 4935 mm <2485 mm + 3975 mm) Not established ...... Equation (D)
S₁  + S₄  ≤G₄  <G₁  + G₂      (2215 mm + 3945 mm ≦ 5900 mm <2485 mm + 3975 mm) Not established ...... Equation (E)
S₄  + S₅  ≤G₃  <G₂  + G₂      (3945 mm + 3945 mm ≦ 4935 mm <3975 mm + 3975 mm) Not established ...... Equation (G)
S₄  + S₅  ≤G₄  <G₂  + G₂      (3945 mm + 3945 mm ≦ 5900 mm <3975 mm + 3975 mm) Not established ...... Equation (H)
[0067]
(R) When the numerical values are substituted into the six expressions as described above, the inequality sign satisfies Expression (B) and the two G₁  To G₃  It can be seen that the total length can be reduced by replacing with (Y in ST45). Therefore, as shown in Table 4, two raw materials G₁  To one G₃  Is set as a new candidate (a ninth candidate) (ST47). At this time, as shown in Table 5,₁  Product parts S₁  But raw material G₃  Two product members S₂  , S₃  But two raw materials G₂  Each product parts S₄  , S₅  Is assigned.
[0068]
[Table 4]

[0069]
[Table 5]

[0070]
(S) For the ninth candidate, the above-described secondary allocation processing is further repeated to check whether or not the raw material can be replaced. At this time, the combination of raw materials to be checked is raw material G₁  Has been changed to one, and among the ten expressions from Expressions (A) to (J), Expressions (A), (B), and (C) cannot exist. The formula (J) also indicates that the raw material G₃  Cannot exist because there is only one. Therefore, the following equations (D) to (I) are considered.
[0071]
S₁  + S₄  ≤G₃  <G₁  + G₂      (2215 mm + 3945 mm ≦ 4935 mm <2485 mm + 3975 mm) Not established ...... Equation (D)
S₁  + S₄  ≤G₄  <G₁  + G₂      (2215 mm + 3945 mm ≦ 5900 mm <2485 mm + 3975 mm) Not established ...... Equation (E)
S₁  + S₂  + S₃  ≤G₄  <G₁  + G₂      (2215 mm + 2215 mm + 2215 mm ≦ 5900 mm <2485 mm + 4935 mm) Not established ...... Equation (F)
S₄  + S₅  ≤G₃  <G₂  + G₂      (3945 mm + 3945 mm ≦ 4935 mm <3975 mm + 3975 mm) Not established ...... Equation (G)
S₄  + S₅  ≤G₄  <G₂  + G₂      (3945 mm + 3945 mm ≦ 5900 mm <3975 mm + 3975 mm) Not established ...... Equation (H)
S₂  + S₃  + S₄  ≤G₄  <G₂  + G₃      (2215 mm + 2215 mm + 3945 mm ≦ 5900 mm <3975 mm + 4935 mm) Not established ...... Equation (I)
The above formulas (F) and (I) show that the raw material G₃  , But G₃  Is S in the previous secondary allocation processing₂  And S₃  Is assigned, and the left side of equation (F) is G₁  S assigned to₁  And add (S₁  + S₂  + S₃  ), And the left side of equation (I) is G₂  S assigned to₄  And add (S₂  + S₃  + S₄  ).
[0072]
(T) The above formulas (D) to (I) do not hold when substituting actual numerical values, and raw materials cannot be replaced (N in ST45). Therefore, the ninth candidate, that is, the combination of the raw materials is determined to be the optimum one, and the allocation process is terminated (ST46).
Note that a woodcutting table is created based on the results obtained by the above-described layout processing, and woodcutting data is further created. In the wood cutting data, since the input order and processing order of the raw materials in the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 are also determined in advance, it is unnecessary to add information (labeling or the like) for identifying the input raw materials, In addition, it is not necessary to measure the length, width, and height of the input material, which contributes to efficient processing.
[0073]
Next, another specific example of the woodcut allocation according to the present invention will be described.
In the above specific example, one raw material could not be replaced with another raw material in the secondary allocation processing. However, in the following specific example, it is appropriate to replace one raw material with another raw material. This makes it possible to assign a simple tree.
[0074]
(A) The raw material in this example is G₁  = 11m, G₂  = 15 m, and the total length (SG) when these raw materials are combined is calculated and listed in ascending order, as follows.
SG1 = 11m (11m one)
SG2 = 15m (1 piece of 15m)
SG3 = 22m (11m + 11m)
SG4 = 26m (15m + 11m)
SG5 = 30m (15m + 15m)
SG6 = 41m (15m + 15m + 11m)
[0075]
(B) The required product members are S1 = 7 m, S2 = 8 m, and S3 = 10 m, and the total length (SS) of these product members is 25 m.
[0076]
(C) Among the combinations of the above-mentioned raw materials, those to be subjected to the layout processing have a total length (SG) longer than the total length of the product members (SS = 25 m), and SG4 is a candidate for which the layout processing is attempted first. It becomes.
[0077]
(D) In the primary layout processing, first, the longest raw material 15m is allocated to the longest product member S3 = 10m, and the remaining material 5m is calculated.
[0078]
(E) The remaining material having a length of 5 m cannot be allocated to the unallocated product member having the maximum length S2 = 8 m, and cannot be allocated to the next length S1 = 7 m. Therefore, this residual material is disposed of as unusable.
[0079]
(F) Next, 11 m of unused raw material is allocated to the longest unallocated product member S2 = 8 m, and the remaining material length 3 m is calculated.
[0080]
(G) The remaining material of 3 m is discarded because it cannot be allocated to the unallocated product member S1 = 7 m.
[0081]
(H) At this point, the raw material is exhausted, and the unallocated product member S1 = 7 m remains, so that it is impossible to allocate to the raw material combination SG4. Therefore, the process proceeds to the check for the next raw material combination SG5.
[0082]
(I) The longest raw material 15m is allocated to the longest product member S3 = 10m, and the remaining material 5m is calculated.
[0083]
(J) The remaining material of 5 m cannot be allocated to the unallocated product member having the maximum length S2 = 8 m, and cannot be allocated to the next length S1 = 7 m. Therefore, this residual material is disposed of as unusable.
[0084]
(K) Next, 15 m of unused raw material is allocated to the longest unallocated product member S2 = 8 m, and the remaining material length 7 m is calculated.
[0085]
(L) The remaining material of 7 m is allocated to the unallocated product member S1 = 7 m, and the primary allocation is completed.
[0086]
(M) Then, move on to secondary allocation
It is checked whether it is possible to replace 15 m of raw material with 11 m of raw material.
In the above-described primary allocation, only the product member S3 = 10 m is allocated to the first raw material (15 m), and this can be replaced with the raw material 11 m.
[0087]
(N) The secondary assignment is completed by replacing the raw material 15m with the raw material 11m.
[0088]
In the above description, the following (1) and (2) are assumed. Therefore, in implementation, (1) and (2) must be considered.
{Circle around (1)} The width of the blade and the length of the cutting edge are included in the length of the product.
actually,
[One raw material length]
= [Total of (product length + knife width + cut length) assigned to the raw material]
+ [Length of remaining material]
But in the description of the text
[One raw material length]
= [Sum of product lengths assigned to the raw materials] + [length of remaining material]
The product length shall include the blade width and the nose cutting length.
(2) Raw materials and products are of the same tree type and cross-sectional shape.
[0089]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the member allocating method according to the present invention, in the primary allocation step, a combination of raw materials capable of allocating a predetermined product member is found, and in the subsequent secondary allocation step, the optimal combination of raw materials is determined. Therefore, it is possible to easily and quickly determine the optimum member allocation.
Further, with the member allocating apparatus according to the present invention, it is possible to quickly and optimally allocate the members and to automatically and quickly process the raw materials.
In addition, by using the computer-readable recording medium according to the present invention, it is possible to easily and quickly determine an optimum member allocation by a computer.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a wood cutting and laying processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention described in claim 4 or 5;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an arithmetic unit and an input device in the tree cutting and laying apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the operation of the wood cutting and arranging apparatus of FIG.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing a wood-cutting layout process in the wood-cutting layout processing apparatus shown in FIG. 1, which is an embodiment of the invention according to claim 1, 2 or 3; .
FIG. 5 is a table showing annotations of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart showing a wood-cutting layout process in the wood-cutting layout processing apparatus shown in FIG. 1, which is an embodiment of the invention according to claim 1, 2 or 3; .
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Input device
2 arithmetic unit
3 Printer
4 Processing equipment
5 Control device
6 Display
41 Input conveyor
42 Support Table
43 Conveyor
44 Cross Cut (Circular Saw) Unit
45 Drill Unit
46 Router Unit
47 Processing table
48 Conveyor
49 Delivery Conveyor

Claims (6)

In order to cut out a predetermined number of product members of a predetermined length from a plurality of raw materials of a fixed length, a member allocation method of determining the number of raw materials of each fixed length of the raw material having a good yield,
A step of setting a plurality of combinations of the standard length and the number of the raw materials, and calculating the total length of the raw materials for each combination,
Calculating the total length of the product member to be cut;
For a combination of the raw materials whose total length of the raw materials is longer or equal to the total length of the product members, it is determined whether or not all the product members can be cut out from the raw materials included in the combination by a predetermined procedure. A primary allocation process of sequentially examining the components having a short total length and selecting a combination of raw materials capable of cutting out all product members,
In the combination of the raw materials selected in the primary allocation step, it is possible to check whether it is possible to replace a plurality of raw materials included in the combination with another raw material shorter than the total length thereof, and to perform the replacement. And a secondary allocation step of determining the allocation with good yield by performing the replacement when there is a suitable raw material. 2. The member allocating method according to claim 1, wherein the primary allocating step allocates a longest one of a product member to be cut out to a longest raw material included in a combination of raw materials to be checked, and a remaining material of the raw material. In the case of unallocated product members, product members that can be allocated to the remaining material are allocated, and if the same procedure is repeated for the remaining material and allocation becomes impossible, the longest unallocated raw material A member allocating method characterized by including a procedure of repeating the same allocating to a member. The secondary allocation step allocates one of the lengths selected from the raw materials included in the combination selected in the primary allocation step or the total length of the selected two or more to [WG _L ] and the selected raw materials. When the total length of all product parts is [WS _J ],
[WS _J ] ≤ G _K <[WG _L ]
Member allocation method according to claim 1 or claim 2 and comprising a length is equal to or is intended to include a procedure for Shosa whether there is raw material G _K. Arithmetic means for performing the steps of claim 1, claim 2 or claim 3;
Display means for displaying a combination of raw materials determined in the secondary allocation step by the arithmetic means,
A member processing unit for cutting the raw material input according to the display of the display means based on the secondary allocation data obtained by the calculation means. A woodcutting allocating unit that performs the process according to claim 1, claim 2 or claim 3, performs woodcutting allocation of a wooden member used for construction of a wooden building, and creates a woodcutting table with a good yield;
A processing sequence determination operation unit that determines the input sequence of the raw material wood from the logging table based on a predetermined procedure,
Based on the woodcutting table and the input order of the raw materials determined by the processing order determination calculation unit, a processing data creation calculation unit that creates woodcut processing data,
A processing unit that performs the harvesting and processing of the wood that is the input raw material,
And a processing unit control device for controlling the processing device based on the woodcutting data. A process of setting a plurality of combinations of the length and the number of the raw materials from the input data of the plurality of lengths of the raw materials, and calculating a total length of the raw materials for each combination;
From the data of the length and the number of each of the product members to be cut out from the input raw material, a process of calculating the total length of the product members,
For a combination of the raw materials whose total length of the raw materials is longer than or equal to the total length of the product members, it is determined whether or not all the product members can be cut out from the raw materials included in the combination by a certain procedure, by combining the raw materials. In the primary assignment process, which sequentially checks the total length of the components in order from the shortest one and selects a combination of raw materials that can cut out all product members,
In the combination of the raw materials selected in the primary allocation processing, it is possible to check whether it is possible to replace a plurality of raw materials included in the combination with another raw material shorter than the total length thereof, and replaceable. And computer-readable recording medium on which a program for causing a computer to perform a secondary allocation process of determining a high-yield allocation by performing replacement when a raw material is present.

Images