JP3565804B2 - Method for producing aromatic monovinyl resin - Google Patents
Method for producing aromatic monovinyl resin Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP3565804B2 JP3565804B2 JP2001237810A JP2001237810A JP3565804B2 JP 3565804 B2 JP3565804 B2 JP 3565804B2 JP 2001237810 A JP2001237810 A JP 2001237810A JP 2001237810 A JP2001237810 A JP 2001237810A JP 3565804 B2 JP3565804 B2 JP 3565804B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- polymerization
- aromatic monovinyl
- resin
- devolatilization
- butyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 title claims description 57
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 title claims description 57
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 title claims description 54
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010539 anionic addition polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ACZGCWSMSTYWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-1-benzofuran-2-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(=O)CC2=C1 ACZGCWSMSTYWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012690 ionic polymerization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
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- WRXCBRHBHGNNQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,4-dichlorobenzoyl) 2,4-dichlorobenzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound ClC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl WRXCBRHBHGNNQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVQMJJQUGGVLEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy 2-ethylhexaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OOOC(C)(C)C FVQMJJQUGGVLEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEQBMZQFDDDTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QEQBMZQFDDDTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYOQALXKVOJACM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy pentaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCC(=O)OOOC(C)(C)C MYOQALXKVOJACM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RIPYNJLMMFGZSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N (5-benzoylperoxy-2,5-dimethylhexan-2-yl) benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(C)(C)CCC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIPYNJLMMFGZSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012611 container material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001934 cyclohexanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XJOBOFWTZOKMOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoyl decaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC XJOBOFWTZOKMOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012933 diacyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- POSWICCRDBKBMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroisophorone Natural products CC1CC(=O)CC(C)(C)C1 POSWICCRDBKBMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- YMRYNEIBKUSWAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ditert-butyl benzene-1,3-dicarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(=O)OOC(C)(C)C)=C1 YMRYNEIBKUSWAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCS WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010556 emulsion polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002432 hydroperoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012770 industrial material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010102 injection blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UBJFKNSINUCEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;2-methylpropane Chemical compound [Li+].C[C-](C)C UBJFKNSINUCEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGOPGODQLGJZGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;butane Chemical compound [Li+].CC[CH-]C WGOPGODQLGJZGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012968 metallocene catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(oxo)alumane Chemical compound C[Al]=O CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YALAVAYMNJCEBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-chloro-3-formylpyridin-4-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropanamide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(=O)NC1=CC=NC(Cl)=C1C=O YALAVAYMNJCEBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000864 peroxy group Chemical group O(O*)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
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- OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,2-dimethylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C(C)(C)C OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMOALOSNPWTWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 7,7-dimethyloctaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C NMOALOSNPWTWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CSKKAINPUYTTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecoxycarbonyloxy tetradecyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)OOC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CSKKAINPUYTTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、芳香族モノビニル系単量体とその二量体及び三量体の残存量が少ない芳香族モノビニル系樹脂の製造方法に関し、より詳しくは、成形時の熱安定性に優れるとともに、直接食品等に接触する材料に好適に用いることができる芳香族モノビニル系樹脂の製造方法に関する。更に、本発明は、良好な色調及び外観を有し且つ臭気の少なく、成形性に優れた、芳香族モノビニル系樹脂の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
芳香族モノビニル系樹脂は、その優れた成形性により、電気製品材料や各種工業材料、雑貨や食品容器材料、包装材料等として広く用いられている。
しかしながら、芳香族ビニル系樹脂、例えば、ポリスチレンにおいては、樹脂中に含まれるスチレン単量体の量が多いと、得られる成形品に臭気の問題が生じる場合がある。また、樹脂中にスチレン単量体の二量体や三量体が多い場合には、耐熱性を下げたり、射出成形時に金型内で揮発して残留し、これが成形品に転写する等の不良現象を発生させたり、また金型の清掃頻度が増加することにより、生産性を低下させる等の問題がある。
【0003】
成形品の臭気については、特開平7−149817号公報及び特開平7−149818号公報において、フェノール系熱劣化防止剤による低臭気化が提案されているが、得られる成形品の色調が悪いという欠点を有している。また、二量体及び三量体の生成を防止する方法については、特開平5−170825号公報において、フェノール系熱劣化防止剤を樹脂製造時における重合工程または脱揮工程に添加する方法が提案されているが、上記同様、得られる成形品の色調が悪いという欠点を有している。
一方、米国特許4325863号、4338244号及び5175312号明細書では、3−アリールベンゾフラノンの添加による樹脂の安定化が提案されているが、芳香族モノビニル系単量体の濃度と得られる成形品の色調との関係に関しては、何ら開示されていない。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、芳香族モノビニル系単量体とその二量体及び三量体の残存量が少ない芳香族モノビニル系樹脂の製造方法に関し、成形時の熱安定性に優れるとともに、直接食品等に接触する材料に好適に用いることができ、更には、本発明は、良好な色調及び外観を有し且つ臭気の少なく、成形性に優れた、芳香族モノビニル系樹脂の製造方法を提供するものである。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記問題点に鑑み、鋭意研究を進めた結果、特定の分子量の芳香族モノビニル系樹脂に、特定の熱劣化防止剤を特定割合で加え、芳香族モノビニル系単量体の濃度を特定濃度以下にすることにより、これまで予想し得なかった優れた特性を有する芳香族モノビニル系樹脂が得られることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0006】
すなわち、本発明は、芳香族モノビニル系樹脂を製造するにあたり、芳香族モノビニル系単量体を重合工程にて重合し、次いで脱揮工程にて重合反応後の反応物から未反応物及び/又は溶剤を除去するに際し、下記一般式(I)
【化2】
〔式中、R1 は置換若しくは未置換の炭素環式芳香族基、又は置換若しくは未置換の複素環式芳香族基を表し、R2 、R3 、R4 及びR5 は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は1〜5個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基を示す。〕
で表わされる3−アリールベンゾフラノンを、最終反応器出口の樹脂に対しその量が0.006〜0.5重量%となるように、重合工程あるいは脱揮工程において、また重合工程後、脱揮工程前において添加することを特徴とする芳香族モノビニル系樹脂の製造方法、また、この芳香族モノビニル系樹脂の製造方法において、芳香族モノビニル系単量体の残存量が100ppm以下となるまで脱揮する製造方法、あるいは芳香族モノビニル系単量体の二量体及び三量体の残存量の合計が0.4重量%以下となるまで脱揮する製造方法、さらには3−アリールベンゾフラノンを重合工程に添加することにおいて、芳香族モノビニル系単量体の重合率が50%以上、及び添加位置の温度が160℃以下で添加する芳香族モノビニル系樹脂の製造方法である。
【0007】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
芳香族モノビニル系樹脂、例えば、工業的規模で生産されるポリスチレンは、ほとんどラジカル重合で生産されているが、未反応物及び/又は溶剤を脱揮工程で除去する際に、あるいは脱揮した直後の樹脂が熱分解によって、スチレン単量体及びその二量体や三量体が多く発生し、得られる成形品はこれらを多く含むものとなる。さらにこれらの樹脂を用いて、射出成形、ブロー成形、押出成形等で成形品を得た場合、成形時の熱履歴により、スチレン単量体、その二量体、三量体の量はさらに増加する。
工業的に生産されているポリスチレン中に残留するスチレン単量体の量は、200〜400ppm程度であり、例えば、100ppm以下のものを得ようとすることは、極めて困難である。従来、ポリスチレンはスチレン単量体の反応で生成する熱開始ラジカル及び/又は重合開始剤ラジカルで重合することが多かった。この場合、重合開始剤ラジカルの割合を増やすことにより、スチレン単量体の二量体及び三量体の量を低減させることはできるが、脱揮工程での樹脂の熱分解により再び発生するため、これらの量の低減には限界があった。
【0008】
本発明の製造方法は、前記一般式(I)で表される3−アリールベンゾフラノンを重合工程あるいは脱揮工程において、また重合工程後、脱揮工程前において添加して、芳香族モノビニル系単量体の量、更には、その二量体及び三量体の量が非常に少ない成形品を得る方法である。
本発明において、芳香族モノビニル系単量体からなる樹脂を得るために、原料として用いる芳香族モノビニル系単重体としては、スチレン単独のみならず、スチレンと共重合可能な他のビニル系単量体とスチレンとの混合物を挙げることができる。ここでスチレンと共重合可能な他のビニル系単量体として、具体的には、メチルメタクリレート、メチルアクリレート、ブチルアクリレート、エチルメタクリレート、ハロゲン含有ビニルモノマー、α一メチルスチレン、o−メチルスチレン、m−メチルスチレン、p−メチルスチレン等があり、これらの1種以上を用いることができる。これらスチレンと共重合し得るビニル系単量体は、通常、全単量体の60重量%以下、好ましくは50重量%以下の割合で用いることができる。
【0009】
また、芳香族モノビニル系樹脂は、ポリブタジエン、SBR、ポリイソプレン、ニトリルゴム、天然ゴム等のゴム成分を含んでいても良い。
本発明の重合工程における、芳香族モノビニル系単量体の重合方法については、特に制限はなく、従来慣用されている方法、例えば、ラジカル重合法としては、塊状重合法、懸濁重合法、塊状−懸濁重合法のような多段重合法、乳化重合法が可能であり、また、アニオン重合法あるいはメタロセン触媒を用いたイオン重合法等も用いることができる。
【0010】
ここで、ラジカル重合法である塊状重合法を例に挙げて、本発明の重合方法について説明する。
本発明の方法で用いられる重合開始剤としては、有機過酸化物、例えば2,2−ビス(t−ブチルペルオキシ)ブタン、2,2−ビス(t−ブチルペルオキシ)オクタン、1,1−ビス(t−ブチルペルオキシ)−3,3,5−トリメチルシクロヘキサン、1,ービス(t−ブチルペルオキシ)シクロヘキサン、nーブチルー4,4ービス(t−ブチルペルオキシ)バレレートなどのペルオキシケタール類、ジーt−ブチルペルオキシド、t−ブチルクミルペルオキシド、ジクミルペルオキシド、α,α’−ビス(t−ブチルペルオキシイソブロピル)ベンゼン、2,5−ジメチル−2,5−ジ(t−ブチルペルオキシ)ヘキサン、2,5−ジメチルー2,5−ジ(t−ブチルペルオキシ)ヘキシンー3などのジアルキルペルオキシド類、アセチルペルオキシド、イソブチリルペルオキシド、オクタノイルペルオキシド、デカノイルペルオキシド、ラウロイルペルオキシド、3,5,5−トリメチルヘキサノイルペルオキシド、ベンゾイルペルオキシド、2,4−ジクロロベンゾイルペルオキシド、m一トリオイルペルオキシドなどのジアシルペルオキシド類、ジイソプロピルペルオキシジカーボネート、ジー2−エチルヘキシルペルオキシジカーボネート、ジーn−プロピルペルオキシジカーボネート、ジミリスチルペルオキシジカーボネート、ジーn−エトキシエチルペルオキシジカーボネート、ジメトキシイソプロピルペルオキシジカーボネート、ジー(3−メチル−3−メトキシブチル)ペルオキシジカーボネートなどのペルオキシジカーボネート類、t−ブチルペルオキシアセテート、t―ブチルペルオキシイソブチレート、t−ブチルペルオキシピバレート、t−ブチルペルオキシネオデカノエート、クミルペルオキシネオデカノエート、t−ブチルペルオキシ−2−エチルヘキサノエート、t−プチルペルオキシ−3,3,5−トリメチルヘキサノエート、t−ブチルペルオキシラウレート、t−ブチルペルオキシベンゾエート、ジーt−ブチルジペルオキシイソフタレート、2,5−ジメチルー2,5−ジ(ベンゾイルペルオキシ)ヘキサン、t−ブチルペルオキシイソプロピルカーボネートなどのペルオキシエステル類、アセチルアセトンペルオキシド、メチルエチルケトンペルオキシド、シクロヘキサノンペルオキシド、3,3,5−トリメチルシクロヘキサノンペルオキシド、メチルシクロヘキサノンペルオキシドなどのケトンペルオキシド類、t一ブチルヒドロペルオキシド、クメンヒドロペルオキシド、ジイソプロピルペルベンゼンヒドロペルオキシド、p−メンタンヒドロペルオキシド、2,5−ジメチルヘキサン−2,5−ジヒドロペルオキシド、1,1,3,3−テトラメチルブチルヒドロペルオキシドなどのヒドロペルオキシド類等を挙げることができる。
【0011】
また、アゾ系開始剤である、2,2’ーアゾビスイソブチロニトリル、2,2’−アゾビス(2ーメチルブチロニトリル)、1,1’−アゾビス(1−シクロヘキサンカルボニトリル)等を用いることもできる。
これらの有機過酸化物あるいはアゾ系開始剤は、それぞれ単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
重合条件としては、重合開始剤としての有機過酸化物の分解温度に応じて、20〜180℃で重合を開始し、塊状重合を行えばよい。この塊状重合系には、連鎖移動剤、溶剤、一般的な酸化防止剤等の熱安定剤、ミネラルオイル、シリコンオイル等を適宜添加することができる。
ここで連鎖移動剤としては、例えばα−メチルスチレンリニアダイマー、n−ドデシルメルカプタン、t−ドデシルメルカプタン、1−フェニルー2−フルオレン、ジベンテン、クロロホルムなどのメルカプタン類、テルペン類、ハロゲン化合物、テレピノーレン等のテレピン類等を挙げることができる。この連鎖移動剤の使用量は、特に制限はないが、一般的には単量体に対して、0.005〜0.1重量%程度加えれば良い。
【0012】
必要に応じて用いられる溶剤としては、芳香族炭化水素類、例えばトルエン、キシレン、エチルベンゼン、ジアルキルケトン類、例えばメチルエチルケトンなどが挙げられ、それぞれ単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。さらに、重合生成物の溶解性を低下させない範囲で、他の溶剤、例えば脂肪族炭化水素類等を芳香族炭化水素類に混合することができる。これらの溶剤は、単量体に対して、25重量%を超えない範囲で使用するのが好ましい。溶剤が25重量%を超えると、重合速度が著しく低下し、かつ、得られる樹脂の衝撃強度の低下が大きくなる。また、溶剤の回収のために、多量のエネルギーを要するので経済性も劣ってくる。溶剤は、重合が進み、比較的高粘度になってから添加してもよいし、あるいは重合前から添加しておいてもよいが、重合前に5〜20重量%の割合で添加しておく方が、品質が均一化し易く、重合温度制御の点でも好ましい。
【0013】
また、一般的な安定剤として、例えばオクタデシル−3−(3,5−ターシャリーブチル−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート、4,6−ビス(オクチルチオメチル)−o−クレゾールなどのヒンダートフェノール系酸化防止剤、トリス(2,4−ジ−ターシャリーブチルフェニル)フォスファイトなどのリン系加工熱安定剤等を挙げることができる。これらの安定剤をそれぞれ単独、あるいは2種以上を組み合わせて適宜用いてもよい。添加時期については、特に制限はなく、重合工程又は脱揮工程のいずれでもよい。また、押出機やバンバリミキサー等機械的装置で成形品に安定剤を混合することもできる。
なおここで、上記重合工程において用いる装置については、特に制限はなく、芳香族モノビニル系単量体の重合方法に従って適宜選択すれば良い。例えば、塊状重合による場合には、第1反応器、第2反応器及び第3反応器からなる重合装置を、アニオン重合による場合にはオートクレーブ等の重合装置を用いることができる。
【0014】
本発明においては、脱揮工程についても特に制限はない。芳香族モノビニル系単量体の重合を塊状重合で行なう場合は、最終的に未反応の芳香族モノビニル系単重体が、好ましくは50重量%、より好ましくは40重量%以下になるまで重合を進め、かかる芳香族モノビニル系単量体などの揮発分を除去するために、公知の方法にて脱揮処理する。
この脱揮工程は、重合反応後の反応物から、未反応物及び/又は溶剤を除去するためのものであり、脱揮処理には、例えばフラッシュドラム、二軸脱揮器、薄膜蒸発器、押出機などの通常の脱揮装置を用いることができる。なお、脱揮処理の温度は、通常、190〜280℃程度であり、また脱揮処理の圧力は通常、1〜100torr(トール)程度である、好ましくは1〜50torrであり、さらに好ましくは1〜10torrである。脱揮方法としては、例えば加熱下で減圧して除去する方法や、揮発分除去の目的に設計された押出機等を通して除去することが望ましい。
【0015】
本発明においては、前記一般式(I)で表される3−アリールベンゾフラノン(熱劣化防止剤)を、重合工程あるいは脱揮工程において添加することが好ましい。つまり、この場合には、本発明の3−アリールベンゾフラノンは、重合反応に用いられる反応器又は押出機等に添加されることになる。
また、重合工程の終了後(好ましくは直後)であって脱揮工程の前において添加することがより好ましく、この場合には、重合反応に用いられる反応器の出口において、3−アリールベンゾフラノンの添加が行われることになる。
なお、成形時の樹脂の熱分解抑制のため、得られたペレットに、押出機やバンバリミキサー等機械的装置を用いて、さらに3−アリールベンゾフラノンを混合してもよい。
【0016】
重合工程で得られた重合溶液に3−アリールベンゾフラノン(熱劣化防止剤)を添加した後は、両者を均一に混合することが好ましい。これは、混合性の良くない反応器、または混合手段のない重合ラインに3−アリールベンゾフラノンを添加した場合には、熱劣化防止剤である3−アリールベンゾフラノンの分散が不十分となり、脱揮工程での芳香族モノビニル系単量体及びその二量体や三量体の生成抑制効果はあるものの、その効果が低下して好ましくないからである。
ここで、重合工程で得られた重合溶液と3−アリールベンゾフラノン(熱劣化防止剤)とを均一に混合させるには、例えば、重合装置や脱揮装置の他に、混合装置を別途設けることが好ましい。なお、混合装置の構造については、特に制限はなく、重合工程で得られた重合溶液と3−アリールベンゾフラノンとを均一に混合できるものであればよく、例えば、完全混合型ミキサー、塔型ミキサー、スタティックミキサー等が挙げられる。具体的には、混合装置を上記重合装置(例えば、第3反応器)の後に設けることができる。
【0017】
本発明の方法においては、重合工程において3−アリールベンゾフラノンを添加する場合は、芳香族モノビニル系単量体の重合率が、50%以上、特に60%以上となった時点において、前記一般式(I)で表される3−アリールベンゾフラノンを添加することが望ましい。これは、重合初期に添加すると、重合反応時のラジカルが捕捉されるため、あまり好ましくないからである。なおここで、重合率とは、原料単量体の重量を100としたときの重合した樹脂の重量の比率(%)をいう。
また、重合工程において3−アリールベンゾフラノンを添加する場合、重合工程の重合温度が160℃以下のときに添加することが好ましい。重合温度が160℃を超えた後に上記熱劣化防止剤を添加すると、重合反応時のラジカルの捕捉が速くなり、あまり好ましくない。
【0018】
なお、重合を塊状−懸濁重合で行なう場合は、部分的に重合した反応物を、第三リン酸カルシウムやポリビニルアルコールなどの懸濁安定剤、又はこれと界面活性剤を併用して、水性媒体中に攪拌しながら分散させ、懸濁重合により反応を完結させる。得られた懸濁ポリマー粒子を含んだスラリーを脱水し、洗浄後、乾燥する。その後、脱揮工程で、乾燥した懸濁ポリマー粒子中の未反応物を例えば、押出機などで脱揮し、ペレット化する。この場合、前記一般式(I)で表される3−アリールベンゾフラノンは、脱揮工程前に添加することが好ましい。
また、アニオン重合を行なう場合は、不活性溶媒中に単量体を溶解させ、重合開始剤として有機アルキル金属化合物、例えば、n−ブチルリチウム、sec−ブチルリチウム、t−ブチルリチウムなどを用いて重合し、重合終了後、メタノール等の活性水素を有する化合物で重合活性末端を失活させ、重合を完結させる。その後、脱揮工程で、重合反応後の反応物から、未反応物及び/又は溶剤を、例えばフラッシュドラム、二軸脱揮器、薄膜蒸発器、押出機などで脱揮し、ペレット化する。この場合、前記一般式(I)で表される3−アリールベンゾフラノンは、脱揮工程前に添加することが好ましい。
【0019】
本発明においては、熱劣化防止剤として、無酸素下で発生したラジカルを効果的に捕捉安定化することができる構造のもの、すなわち、前記一般式(I)で表される3−アリールベンゾフラノンを用いる。そして、その量は、樹脂重量に対して0.006〜0.5重量%、好ましくは0.008〜0.3重量%、更に好ましくは0.01〜0.2重量%である。ここで、3−アリールベンゾフラノンの添加量が0.006重量%未満であると、脱揮工程での芳香族モノビニル系単量体、及びその二量体や三量体の生成抑制効果が不十分となり、これらの少ない成形品を得ることが出来ない。また、添加量が0.006重量%未満の場合には、成形時における樹脂の熱分解によるスチレン単量体生成を抑制する効果が不十分となり、成形品の残留スチレン単量体レベルを低く抑えることが極めて難しくなるため、色調が良好な成形品を得ることができず好ましくない。一方、上記3−アリールベンゾフラノンを0.5重量%より多く添加しても、添加量に見合うだけの効果が得られない。
【0020】
このような熱劣化防止剤としては、例えば、5,7−ジ−tert−ブチル−3−(2,4−ジメチルフェニル)−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オン、5,7−ジ−tert−ブチル−3−(2,5−ジメチルフェニル)−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オン、5,7−ジ−tert−ブチル−3−(3,4−ジメチルフェニル)−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オン等を挙げることができる。これらの中でも、好ましくは5,7−ジ−tert−ブチル−3−(3,4−ジメチルフェニル)−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オンである。
【0021】
本発明においては、芳香族モノビニル系単量体の残存量は、100ppm以下、好ましくは95ppm以下である。ポリスチレン及び耐衝撃性ポリスチレンで、開口部幅95mm、奥行55mm、深さ96mm、厚み2mmの直方体容器を射出成形で作成し、この容器に90℃の温湯200mlを入れ、3分間後にこの温湯の臭気を確認したところ、芳香族モノビニル系単量体の残存量が100ppm以下では、臭気の問題が大幅に改善され、また成形品の色調も大幅に改善される。一方、芳香族モノビニル系単量体の残存量が100ppmを超えると、前記3−アリールベンゾフラノンを所定量添加しても、成形品の色調が悪いものとなり、目的を達成することができない。
また、本発明においては、芳香族モノビニル系単量体の二量体及び三量体の残存量を合計で0.4重量%以下とすることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.35重量%以下である。0.4重量%以下では、射出成形の場合、成形品へのオイル付着が大幅に改善され、成形性が非常に良好となる。この場合、前記と同様に、芳香族モノビニル系単量体を100ppm以下にすることにより、色調が良好で、臭気の少ない、成形性に非常に優れる成形品が得られる。
【0022】
なお、芳香族モノビニル系樹脂としてポリスチレンを用いた場合、上記射出成形で付着したオイルを調べたところ、二量体としては、1,3−ジフェニルプロパン、2,4−ジフェニルー1ブテン、1,2−ジフェニルシクロブタン、1−フェニルテトラリン、三量体としては、2,4,6−トリフェニルー1−ヘキセン,1−フェニルー4−(1’−フェニルエチル)テトラリン等が含まれていた。
本発明の方法で得られた芳香族モノビニル系樹脂には、所望に応じて、通常用いられている添加剤、例えば滑剤、酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、離型剤、可塑剤、染料、顔料、各種充填剤などを添加することができる。また、他の樹脂、例えば一般のポリスチレン、スチレン−ブタジエン共重合エラストマー、部分的にまたは完全に水素添加されたスチレン−ブタジエン共重合エラストマー、ポリフェニレンエーテルなどを配合することもできる。
【0023】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に本発明を実施例及び比較例により、詳しく説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例に限定される訳ではない。
[製造例1]
5,7−ジ−tert−ブチル−3−(3,4−ジメチルフェニル)―3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オンの製造
1,2−ジクロロエタン300ml中に、2,4―ジ−tert−ブチルフェノール(97%)212.5g(1.00モル)、50%水性グリオキシル酸163.0g(1.10モル)、p−トルエンスルホン酸1水和物0.5g(2.6ミリモル)の混合物を加え、窒素下において3.5時間、水分離器上で還流した。得られた反応混合物を濃縮し、残留分をヘキサン800ml中に取り、3回水洗した。水層をヘキサン300mlで更に抽出し、有機層と合わせて硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した後濃縮すると、粘調性化合物が260g得られた。
【0024】
上記化合物にo−キシレン500mlを加え、Fulcat 22B[Laporte Adsorbents社製、登録商標、シート状シリケート]を40g添加して、1.5時間、水分離器上で還流した。次いで、Fulcat 22Bをろ過により除き、過剰のo−キシレンを留去した。メタノール400mlから残留分を結晶化し、175.5gの5,7−ジ−tert−ブチル−3−(3,4−ジメチルフェニル)−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オンを得た。
【0025】
[製造例2]
5,7−ジ−tert−ブチル−3−(2,4−ジメチルフェニル)−3H−ベ ンゾフラン−2−オンの製造
1,2−ジクロロエタン300ml中に、2,4−ジ−tert−ブチルフェノール(97%)212.5g(1.00モル)、50%水性グリオキシル酸163.0g(1.10モル)、p−トルエンスルホン酸1水和物0.5g(2.6ミリモル)の混合物を加え、窒素下において3.5時間、水分離器上で還流した。反応混合物を濃縮し、残留分をヘキサン800ml中に取り、3回水洗した。水層をヘキサン300mlで更に抽出し、有機層と合わせて硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した後濃縮すると、粘調性化合物が262g得られた。
【0026】
上記化合物にm−キシレン500mlを加え、Fulcat 22B[Laporte Adsorbents社製、登録商標、シート状シリケート]を40g添加して1.5時間、水分離器上還流した。次いで、Fulcat 22Bをろ過により除き、過剰のm−キシレンを留去した。メタノール400mlから残留分を結晶化し、242gの5,7−ジ−tert−ブチル−3−(2,4−ジメチルフェニル)−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オンが得られた。
【0027】
なお、実施例及び比較例における樹脂組成物及び成形品の分析方法は、下記の通りである。
【0028】
【0029】
【0030】
(4)成形品中のスチレン単量体の二量体及び三量体の測定
(3)と同じ方法
成形品の色調、成形品の臭気、金型へのオイル付着状況と、3−アリールベンゾフラノンの添加量、スチレン単量体、その二量体及び三量体の量との関係について、下記、実施例1〜10、比較例1〜8の結果を表1に示す。
【0031】
なお、実施例1〜10、比較例1〜8における樹脂組成物の評価方法は、下記の通りである。
(1)臭気判定方法
樹脂組成物から、開口部幅95mm、奥行55mm、深さ96mm、厚み2mmの直方体容器を射出成形で作成し、この容器に90℃の温湯200mlを入れ、3分間後にこの温湯の臭気を判定した。
(2)成形品の色調の判定方法
(1)の臭気判定に用いた成形品を目視で判定した。
(3)金型へのオイル付着状況の確認方法
150×50×2.5mmの短冊型の金型を使用して、充填3.0秒で射出成形時にショートショットさせた。70ショット終了後、15分間射出成形を停止し、金型を冷却して、成形体先端部に相当する金型面を観察し、オイルの付着状況を確認した。以後、70ショット毎に、同様にして金型へのオイル付着状況を確認しつつ、980ショットまで成形を繰り返し、金型にオイルが付着し始めたショット数を求めた。
【0032】
[実施例1]
スチレン90重量部及びエチルベンゼン10重量部に、0.05重量部の重合開始剤(1,1−ビス(t−ブチルペルオキシ)−3,3,5−トリメチルシクロヘキサン)を溶解し、0.5リットル/時の速度で、それぞれの容量が1リットルの第1反応器、第2反応器、第3反応器からなる重合装置に連続的に順次供給した。かかる重合工程が終了した直後、すなわち、第3反応器の出口において、エチルベンゼンに溶解した5,7−ジ−tert−ブチル−3−(3,4−ジメチルフェニル)−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オンを、第3反応器により得られた樹脂(重量平均分子量=26万)に対して0.15重量%になるように添加した。次いで、第3反応器の後に設けられた完全混合型ミキサー(容量150ミリリットル)で、樹脂と5,7−ジ−tert−ブチル−3−(3,4−ジメチルフェニル)−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オンとを均一に混ぜたあと、単軸押出機を直列に2台連結した脱揮装置に移行させ、かかる脱揮工程において揮発分を順次除去し、ペレット化した。
【0033】
なお、重合工程における重合反応条件は、第1反応器は重合温度105〜110℃,攪拌機回転数150rpm、第2反応器は重合温度115〜125℃、攪拌機回転数50rpm、第3反応器は重合温度130〜150℃、攪拌機回転数20rpmとした。各反応器出口の重合率は、第1反応器出口では35%、第2反応器出口では65%、第3反応器出口では90%であった。また、脱揮工程における、前段の単軸押出機は温度190〜200℃、真空度30torr、後段の単軸押出機は温度220〜240℃、真空度5torrとした。
【0034】
得られたペレットを用いて、臭気判定用の射出成形品を以下の異なる2つの条件で作製した。一つ目の条件としては、通常の連続成形で成形品を採取した(滞留なし品)。他の条件としては、成形を一度止め、シリンダー内に樹脂を30分間滞留させた後、成形を再開、最初の2ショットを捨て、滞留した樹脂の3ショット目を成形品として採取した(滞留30分品)。射出成形機の各ゾーンの成形温度はそれぞれ250℃、250℃、230℃、210℃とした。さらには射出成形したときの金型へのオイル付着状況を確認した。
スチレン単量体の残存量、その二量体及び三量体の残存量の合計、臭気判定結果、並びに目視判定による成形品の色調および金型へのオイル付着状況を、表1に示す。
【0035】
[実施例2]
実施例1において、5,7−ジ−tert−ブチル−3−(3,4−ジメチルフェニル)−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オンの添加量を0.05重量%としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてペレット及び成形品を作製し、物性等の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
[実施例3]
実施例1において、5,7−ジ−tert−ブチル−3−(3,4−ジメチルフェニル)−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オンの添加量を0.02重量%としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてペレット及び成形品を作製し、物性等の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
【0036】
[実施例4]
実施例1において、5,7−ジ−tert−ブチル−3−(3,4−ジメチルフェニル)−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オンを、脱揮工程における単軸押出機の前段の押出機と後段の押出機との間の位置に添加し、添加量を0.05重量%としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてペレット及び成形品を作製し、物性等の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
[実施例5]
実施例1において、5,7−ジ−tert−ブチル−3−(3,4−ジメチルフェニル)−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オンの代わりに、製造例2で得られた5,7−ジ−tert−ブチル−3−(2,4−ジメチルフェニル)−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オンを添加し、添加量を0.05重量%としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてペレット及び成形品を作製し、物性等の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
【0037】
[実施例6]
実施例1において、スチレン90重量部の代わりに、スチレン85重量部及びポリブタジエン(ジエン35:旭化成製)5重量部を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてペレット及び成形品を作製し、物性等の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
[実施例7]
実施例6において、5,7−ジ−tert−ブチル−3−(3,4−ジメチルフェニル)−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オンの添加量を0.02重量%としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてペレット及び成形品を作製し、物性等の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
[実施例8]
実施例1において、5,7−ジ−tert−ブチル−3−(3,4−ジメチルフェニル)−3H−ベンゾフラン−1−オンの添加量を0.01重量%としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてペレット及び成形品を作製し、物性等の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
【0038】
[実施例9]
乾燥窒素で置換した攪拌機付きオートクレーブ中に脱水したシクロヘキサン60kg、脱水したスチレン10kgを仕込み、反応初期温度50℃でn−ブチルリチウム6gを含有する30重量%のシクロヘキサン溶液を添加し、激しく攪拌しながら重合反応を実施した。5分後、反応器内温は85℃に上昇した。20分間反応させ、ガスクロマトグラフィーにより重合率を測定したところ99.8%であった。次いで、反応器中の重合溶液に、メタノールを1kg加え、30分間攪拌後、得られた樹脂に対し、5,7−ジ−tert−ブチル−3−(3,4−ジメチルフェニル)−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オンを0.01重量%添加して(押出機入口)、20mm単軸押出機で、押出機温度210〜230℃、真空度15torrで脱揮、ペレット化した。このペレットを用いた成形品の作製、成形品の評価は、実施例1と同様にして行なった。結果を表1に示す。
【0039】
[実施例10]
栗本鉄工所製KRC(内容積8.6リットル、ブレード径100mm、シリンダー有効長1000mm、パドル数44組、シリンダー内壁とパドルとのクリアランス1mm)の反応器を使用して、内部温度を80℃に制御し、また回転数を200rpmとした。この反応器にスチレンを1リットル/時の割合で供給するとともに、触媒としてメチルアルミノキサンを75ミリモル/時、ペンタメチルシクロペンタジエニルチタニウムトリメトキシドを0.15ミリモル/時の割合で供給しながら5時間連続重合を実施した。反応器出口から出てくる粉体を1重量%の水酸化ナトリウムを溶解したメタノールに浸漬し、洗浄した後、得られた樹脂に対し、5,7−ジ−tert−ブチル−3−(3,4−ジメチルフェニル)−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オンを0.01重量%添加して(押出機入口)、180℃、10torr、1時間、乾燥機で乾燥した。添加剤混合前の樹脂は、13C−NMRによる重合体のラセミペンタッドでのシンジオタクシティーは97%であった。
【0040】
この樹脂を20mm単軸押出機で、押出機温度270〜290℃、真空度20torrで脱揮、ペレット化した。
このペレットを用いて、臭気判定用の射出成形品を2つの異なる条件で作製した。一つ目の条件としては、通常の連続成形で成形品を採取した(滞留なし)。他の条件としては、成形を一度止め、シリンダー内に樹脂を30分間滞留させた後、成形を再開、最初の2ショットを捨て、滞留した樹脂の3ショット目を成形品として採取した(滞留30分品)。射出成形機の各ゾーンの成形温度はそれぞれ290℃、290℃、280℃、270℃とした。さらに、射出成形したときの金型へのオイル付着状況を確認した。スチレン単量体の残存量、臭気判定結果および目視判定による成形品の色調および金型へのオイル付着状況を表1に示す。
【0041】
[比較例1]
実施例1において、5,7−ジ−tert−ブチル−3−(3,4−ジメチルフェニル)−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オンを添加しなかった以外は、実施例1と同様にしてペレット及び成形品を作製し、物性等の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
[比較例2]
実施例1において、5,7−ジ−tert−ブチル−3−(3,4−ジメチルフェニル)−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オンの添加量を0.005重量%とした以外は、実施例1と同様にしてペレット及び成形品を作製し、物性等の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
【0042】
[比較例3]
実施例1において、5,7−ジ−tert−ブチル−3−(3,4−ジメチルフェニル)−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オンの代わりに、スミライザーGS〔住友化学社製、登録商標、フェノール系熱劣化防止剤、化学名:2−[1−(2−Hydroxy−3,5−di−tert−pentylphenyl)ethyl]−4,6−di−tert−pentylphenyl acrylate〕を添加し、添加量を0.05重量%した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてペレット及び成形品を作製し、物性等の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
[比較例4]
実施例1において、5,7−ジ−tert−ブチル−3−(3,4−ジメチルフェニル)−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オンの代わりに、スミライザーGS〔住友化学社製、登録商標、フェノール系熱劣化防止剤〕を添加し、添加量を0.3重量%とした以外は、実施例1と同様にしてペレット及び成形品を作製し、物性等の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
【0043】
[比較例5]
実施例1において、5,7−ジ−tert−ブチル−3−(3,4−ジメチルフェニル)−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オンの添加量を0.005重量%とし、また、5,7−ジ−tert−ブチル−3−(3,4−ジメチルフェニル)−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オンを脱揮工程における単軸押出機の前段の押出機と後段の押出機との間の位置に添加し、更に、樹脂に対して水を1重量%添加した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてペレット及び成形品を作製し、物性等の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
[比較例6]
実施例2において、後段の単軸押出機の真空度を20torrとした以外は、実施例2と同様にしてペレット及び成形品を作製し、物性等の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
【0044】
[比較例7]
実施例9において、樹脂乾燥時の真空度を30torrにした以外は、実施例9と同様にしてペレット及び成形品を作製し、物性等の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
[比較例8]
実施例10において、樹脂乾燥時の真空度を28torrにした以外は、実施例10と同様にしてペレット及び成形品を作製し、物性等の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
【0045】
【表1】
【0046】
表1より、前記一般式(I)で表される3―アリールベンゾフラノンを所定量添加して、スチレン単量体の残存量を100ppm以下にすることにより、色調が非常に優れた成形品が得られることが分かる。なお、前記熱劣化防止剤を所定量添加しても、スチレン単量体の残存量が多いと、得られる成形品の色調は非常に悪いものとなる。また、本発明の樹脂組成物においては、成形機での滞留試験の結果においても、スチレン単量体及びその二量体や三量体の増加も少なく、成形品の色調も変わらず、非常に熱安定性に優れるものであった。さらに、本発明の樹脂組成物においては、二量体と三量体の合計量が0.4重量%以下であり、金型へのオイル付着も少なく、成形性も非常に良好なものであった。
【0047】
また、フェノール系熱劣化防止剤(スミラーザーGS)を用いた場合は、得られる成形品の色調が非常に悪い。さらに、添加量を本発明の3−アリールベンゾフラノンと同一量にしても、スチレン単量体及びその二量体や三量体の低減効果は、本発明の3−アリールベンゾフラノンに比べて低いということが分かる。
また、熱劣化防止剤の添加方法と残留スチレン単量体、その二量体及び三量体の濃度の関係について、上記実施例1〜10及び比較例1〜2、並びに以下に示す実施例11〜13及び比較例9を比較した結果を表2に示す。
【0048】
[実施例11]
実施例2において、第3反応器出口の後に設けられた混合装置を取り除いたこと以外は、実施例2と同様にしてペレット及び成形品を作製し、物性等の評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
[実施例12]
実施例2において、5,7−ジ−tert−ブチル−3−(3,4−ジメチルフェニル)−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オンの添加位置を、第3反応器の出口から第3反応器の上から2/3位置に変更した。添加位置において、重合温度は150℃、重合率は81%であった。添加剤の注入量は実施例2と同じになるように調整した。これ以外は実施例2と同様にしてペレット及び成形品を作製し、物性等の評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
【0049】
[実施例13]
実施例12において、5,7−ジ−tert−ブチル−3−(3,4−ジメチルフェニル)−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オンの添加位置の重合温度を160℃に変更した。添加位置の重合率は86%であった。添加剤の注入量は、実施例12と同じになるように調整した。これ以外は実施例12と同様にしてペレット及び成形品を作製し、物性等の評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
[比較例9]
実施例2において、5,7−ジ−tert−ブチル−3−(3,4−ジメチルフェニル)−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オンを重合原料(第一反応器入口)に添加した以外は、実施例2と同様にして行なった。結果を表2に示す。
【0050】
【表2】
【0051】
表2より、重合工程における第3反応器、重合工程直後(脱揮工程前)であるい第3反応器出口、あるいは脱揮工程における前段の単軸押出機と後段の単軸押出機との間の位置において、本発明の3−アリールベンゾフラノンを所定量添加することにより、スチレン単量体の残存量、及びスチレン単量体の二量体及び三量体の合計残存量を著しく低減させることができることがわかる。また、上記熱劣化防止剤を添加した後、重合工程で得られた重合溶液と熱劣化防止剤とを混合装置を用いて均一に混合することで、上記低分子量成分をより低減させることができる。さらに、重合工程において熱劣化防止剤を添加する場合、より重合率の高いところで、かつ重合温度の低いところで熱劣化防止剤を添加することにより、上記低分子量成分をより低減させることができる。
【0052】
【発明の効果】
本発明の芳香族モノビニル系樹脂の製造方法によれば、成形性及び成形時の熱安定性に優れ、色調が良好で且つ臭気の少なく、成形性に優れた、成形品とすることができる。また、本発明の製造方法で得られる樹脂は、押出シート(発泡、非発泡)、射出成形、ブロー成形等による成形品として好適に用いられ、直接食品等に接触するような包装材料、容器等に特に好適な成形品が得られる。更に、本発明の芳香族モノビニル系樹脂は、玩具、雑貨、日用品、電気製品部品や各種工業部品等の用途にも幅広く使用可能であり、産業界に果たす役割は大きい。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing an aromatic monovinyl-based resin having a small residual amount of an aromatic monovinyl-based monomer and a dimer and a trimer thereof. The present invention relates to a method for producing an aromatic monovinyl resin that can be suitably used for a material that comes into contact with food or the like. Further, the present invention relates to a method for producing an aromatic monovinyl resin having good color tone and appearance, low odor, and excellent moldability.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Aromatic monovinyl resins are widely used as electric product materials, various industrial materials, miscellaneous goods, food container materials, packaging materials, etc. due to their excellent moldability.
However, in the case of an aromatic vinyl-based resin, for example, polystyrene, if the amount of the styrene monomer contained in the resin is large, the resulting molded article may have a problem of odor. Also, when the resin contains a large amount of dimer or trimer of styrene monomer, the heat resistance may be reduced, or the resin may volatilize and remain in the mold during injection molding, which may be transferred to a molded product. There are problems such as a decrease in productivity due to the occurrence of a defective phenomenon and an increase in the frequency of cleaning the mold.
[0003]
Regarding the odor of molded products, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publications Nos. 7-149817 and 7-149818 propose a method of reducing odor by using a phenol-based thermal deterioration inhibitor, but it is said that the obtained molded products have poor color tone. Has disadvantages. Regarding a method for preventing the formation of dimers and trimers, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-170825 proposes a method in which a phenolic thermal deterioration inhibitor is added to a polymerization step or a devolatilization step during resin production. However, similarly to the above, there is a disadvantage that the obtained molded article has a poor color tone.
On the other hand, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,258,633, 4,338,244 and 5,175,312 propose stabilization of a resin by addition of a 3-arylbenzofuranone. Nothing is disclosed about the relationship with the color tone.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention relates to a method for producing an aromatic monovinyl-based resin having a small residual amount of an aromatic monovinyl-based monomer and a dimer and a trimer thereof. Further, the present invention provides a method for producing an aromatic monovinyl resin having good color tone and appearance, low odor, and excellent moldability. .
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors, in view of the above problems, as a result of intensive research, as a result of adding a specific thermal degradation inhibitor at a specific ratio to an aromatic monovinyl resin having a specific molecular weight, to obtain an aromatic monovinyl monomer. It has been found that by controlling the concentration to a specific concentration or less, it is possible to obtain an aromatic monovinyl-based resin having excellent properties which could not be predicted until now, and completed the present invention.
[0006]
That is, in the present invention, in producing an aromatic monovinyl resin, an aromatic monovinyl monomer is polymerized in a polymerization step, and then a non-reacted substance and / or In removing the solvent, the following general formula (I)
Embedded image
[Wherein, R 1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclic aromatic group or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic aromatic group, and R 2 , R 3 , R 4, and R 5 are each independently , A hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. ]
In the polymerization step or devolatilization step, and after the polymerization step, the 3-arylbenzofuranone represented by A method for producing an aromatic monovinyl resin characterized by being added before the process, and in the method for producing an aromatic monovinyl resin, devolatilization until the residual amount of the aromatic monovinyl monomer becomes 100 ppm or less. Or a method of devolatilization until the total of the remaining amount of the dimer and the trimer of the aromatic monovinyl monomer becomes 0.4% by weight or less, and further, the polymerization of the 3-arylbenzofuranone. The method for producing an aromatic monovinyl resin in which the polymerization rate of the aromatic monovinyl monomer is 50% or more and the temperature at the addition position is 160 ° C or less by adding to the process. It is.
[0007]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
Aromatic monovinyl resins, for example, polystyrene produced on an industrial scale, are mostly produced by radical polymerization, but when unreacted substances and / or solvents are removed in a devolatilization step, or immediately after devolatilization. A large amount of styrene monomer and its dimer or trimer are generated by thermal decomposition of the resin (1), and the resulting molded article contains a large amount of these. Furthermore, when molded products are obtained by injection molding, blow molding, extrusion molding, etc. using these resins, the amount of styrene monomer, its dimer and trimer further increases due to the heat history during molding. I do.
The amount of the styrene monomer remaining in industrially produced polystyrene is about 200 to 400 ppm, and it is extremely difficult to obtain, for example, 100 ppm or less. Heretofore, polystyrene has often been polymerized by a thermally initiated radical and / or a polymerization initiator radical generated by the reaction of a styrene monomer. In this case, by increasing the ratio of the polymerization initiator radical, it is possible to reduce the amount of the dimer and trimer of the styrene monomer, but it is generated again by thermal decomposition of the resin in the devolatilization step. However, there was a limit in reducing these amounts.
[0008]
In the production method of the present invention, an aromatic monovinyl monomer is added by adding the 3-arylbenzofuranone represented by the general formula (I) in a polymerization step or a devolatilization step, and after the polymerization step and before a devolatilization step. This is a method for obtaining a molded article having an extremely small amount of the monomer, and further, the amount of the dimer and the trimer thereof.
In the present invention, in order to obtain a resin composed of an aromatic monovinyl monomer, the aromatic monovinyl monomer used as a raw material includes not only styrene alone, but also other vinyl monomers copolymerizable with styrene. And styrene. Here, as other vinyl monomers copolymerizable with styrene, specifically, methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, a halogen-containing vinyl monomer, α-methylstyrene, o-methylstyrene, m -Methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene and the like, and one or more of these can be used. These vinyl monomers copolymerizable with styrene can be used usually in a proportion of not more than 60% by weight, preferably not more than 50% by weight of all monomers.
[0009]
Further, the aromatic monovinyl resin may contain rubber components such as polybutadiene, SBR, polyisoprene, nitrile rubber, and natural rubber.
In the polymerization step of the present invention, the method for polymerizing the aromatic monovinyl monomer is not particularly limited, and a conventionally used method, for example, a radical polymerization method includes a bulk polymerization method, a suspension polymerization method, and a bulk polymerization method. -A multi-stage polymerization method such as a suspension polymerization method and an emulsion polymerization method are possible, and an anion polymerization method or an ionic polymerization method using a metallocene catalyst can also be used.
[0010]
Here, the polymerization method of the present invention will be described using a bulk polymerization method as a radical polymerization method as an example.
Examples of the polymerization initiator used in the method of the present invention include organic peroxides such as 2,2-bis (t-butylperoxy) butane, 2,2-bis (t-butylperoxy) octane, and 1,1-bis. Peroxy ketals such as (t-butylperoxy) -3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 1, -bis (t-butylperoxy) cyclohexane, n-butyl-4,4-bis (t-butylperoxy) valerate, and di-t-butyl Peroxide, t-butylcumyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, α, α′-bis (t-butylperoxyisopropyl) benzene, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-butylperoxy) hexane, 2, Dialkyl peroxides such as 5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-butylperoxy) hexyne-3; Diacyl peroxides such as ruperoxide, isobutyryl peroxide, octanoyl peroxide, decanoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide and m-trioil peroxide , Diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, di-2-ethylhexyl peroxydicarbonate, di-n-propyl peroxydicarbonate, dimyristyl peroxydicarbonate, di-n-ethoxyethyl peroxydicarbonate, dimethoxyisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, di (3-methyl- Peroxydicarbonates such as 3-methoxybutyl) peroxydicarbonate, t-butylperoxya Acetate, t-butyl peroxyisobutyrate, t-butyl peroxy pivalate, t-butyl peroxy neodecanoate, cumyl peroxy neodecanoate, t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, t-butyl peroxy -3,3,5-trimethylhexanoate, t-butylperoxylaurate, t-butylperoxybenzoate, di-t-butyldiperoxyisophthalate, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (benzoylperoxy) hexane, Peroxyesters such as t-butylperoxyisopropyl carbonate, acetylacetone peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, cyclohexanone peroxide, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanone peroxide, methylcyclohexanone Ketone peroxides such as peroxides, t-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, diisopropyl perbenzene hydroperoxide, p-menthane hydroperoxide, 2,5-dimethylhexane-2,5-dihydroperoxide, 1,1,3,3 Hydroperoxides such as -tetramethylbutyl hydroperoxide;
[0011]
Also, azo-based initiators such as 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2′-azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile), 1,1′-azobis (1-cyclohexanecarbonitrile) and the like Can also be used.
These organic peroxides or azo-based initiators may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
As the polymerization conditions, the polymerization may be started at 20 to 180 ° C. in accordance with the decomposition temperature of the organic peroxide as the polymerization initiator, and bulk polymerization may be performed. A chain transfer agent, a solvent, a heat stabilizer such as a general antioxidant, a mineral oil, a silicone oil and the like can be appropriately added to the bulk polymerization system.
Here, examples of the chain transfer agent include α-methylstyrene linear dimer, n-dodecylmercaptan, t-dodecylmercaptan, 1-phenyl-2-fluorene, dibenthene, mercaptans such as chloroform, terpenes, halogen compounds, terpinolene and the like. And turpentines. The amount of the chain transfer agent is not particularly limited, but generally may be about 0.005 to 0.1% by weight based on the monomer.
[0012]
As the solvent used as needed, aromatic hydrocarbons, for example, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, dialkyl ketones, for example, methyl ethyl ketone, etc., may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used in combination. May be. Further, other solvents such as aliphatic hydrocarbons and the like can be mixed with the aromatic hydrocarbons as long as the solubility of the polymerization product is not reduced. These solvents are preferably used in an amount not exceeding 25% by weight based on the monomer. When the amount of the solvent exceeds 25% by weight, the polymerization rate is significantly reduced, and the impact strength of the obtained resin is greatly reduced. Further, a large amount of energy is required for the recovery of the solvent, so that the economic efficiency is deteriorated. The solvent may be added after the polymerization proceeds and the viscosity becomes relatively high, or may be added before the polymerization, but is added at a ratio of 5 to 20% by weight before the polymerization. It is easier to make the quality uniform and it is preferable in terms of controlling the polymerization temperature.
[0013]
Examples of general stabilizers include hindered phenols such as octadecyl-3- (3,5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate and 4,6-bis (octylthiomethyl) -o-cresol. Examples include antioxidants and phosphorus-based processing heat stabilizers such as tris (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite. These stabilizers may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The timing of addition is not particularly limited, and may be either the polymerization step or the devolatilization step. Further, the stabilizer can be mixed with the molded product by a mechanical device such as an extruder or a Banbury mixer.
Here, the apparatus used in the polymerization step is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately selected according to the polymerization method of the aromatic monovinyl monomer. For example, in the case of bulk polymerization, a polymerization apparatus including a first reactor, a second reactor, and a third reactor can be used, and in the case of anionic polymerization, a polymerization apparatus such as an autoclave can be used.
[0014]
In the present invention, the devolatilization step is not particularly limited. When the polymerization of the aromatic monovinyl monomer is carried out by bulk polymerization, the polymerization is continued until the unreacted aromatic monovinyl monomer is reduced to preferably 50% by weight, more preferably 40% by weight or less. In order to remove volatile components such as the aromatic monovinyl monomer, devolatilization is performed by a known method.
This devolatilization step is for removing unreacted substances and / or solvents from the reaction product after the polymerization reaction. The devolatilization process includes, for example, a flash drum, a twin-screw devolatilizer, a thin film evaporator, An ordinary devolatilizing device such as an extruder can be used. The temperature of the devolatilization process is usually about 190 to 280 ° C., and the pressure of the devolatilization process is usually about 1 to 100 torr (Torr), preferably 1 to 50 torr, and more preferably 1 to 50 torr. -10 torr. As a devolatilization method, for example, it is desirable to remove under reduced pressure under heating, or to remove through an extruder designed for the purpose of removing volatile components.
[0015]
In the present invention, it is preferable to add the 3-arylbenzofuranone (thermal degradation inhibitor) represented by the general formula (I) in a polymerization step or a devolatilization step. That is, in this case, the 3-arylbenzofuranone of the present invention is added to a reactor or an extruder used for the polymerization reaction.
Further, it is more preferable that the compound is added after (preferably immediately after) the polymerization step and before the devolatilization step. In this case, the 3-arylbenzofuranone is added at the outlet of the reactor used for the polymerization reaction. An addition will be made.
In order to suppress the thermal decomposition of the resin during molding, the obtained pellets may be further mixed with a 3-arylbenzofuranone using a mechanical device such as an extruder or a Banbury mixer.
[0016]
After adding the 3-arylbenzofuranone (thermal degradation inhibitor) to the polymerization solution obtained in the polymerization step, it is preferable to mix both uniformly. This is because when 3-arylbenzofuranone is added to a reactor having poor mixing properties or to a polymerization line having no mixing means, the dispersion of the 3-arylbenzofuranone which is a thermal deterioration inhibitor becomes insufficient, and This is because, although it has an effect of suppressing the production of the aromatic monovinyl monomer and its dimer or trimer in the volatilization step, the effect is unfavorably reduced.
Here, in order to uniformly mix the polymerization solution obtained in the polymerization step and the 3-arylbenzofuranone (thermal degradation inhibitor), for example, a mixing device is separately provided in addition to the polymerization device and the devolatilization device. Is preferred. The structure of the mixing device is not particularly limited as long as it can uniformly mix the polymerization solution obtained in the polymerization step and the 3-arylbenzofuranone. For example, a complete mixing mixer, a tower mixer And a static mixer. Specifically, a mixing device can be provided after the above-mentioned polymerization device (for example, the third reactor).
[0017]
In the method of the present invention, when the 3-arylbenzofuranone is added in the polymerization step, when the polymerization rate of the aromatic monovinyl monomer becomes 50% or more, particularly 60% or more, the above-mentioned general formula is used. It is desirable to add the 3-arylbenzofuranone represented by (I). This is because if added in the early stage of polymerization, radicals during the polymerization reaction are trapped, which is not very preferable. Here, the polymerization rate means the ratio (%) of the weight of the polymerized resin when the weight of the raw material monomer is 100.
In addition, when the 3-arylbenzofuranone is added in the polymerization step, it is preferably added when the polymerization temperature in the polymerization step is 160 ° C. or lower. If the above-mentioned thermal degradation inhibitor is added after the polymerization temperature exceeds 160 ° C, the trapping of radicals during the polymerization reaction is accelerated, which is not so preferable.
[0018]
When the polymerization is carried out by bulk-suspension polymerization, the partially polymerized reactant is added to a suspension stabilizer such as tricalcium phosphate or polyvinyl alcohol, or a surfactant in combination with the suspension stabilizer in an aqueous medium. While stirring to complete the reaction by suspension polymerization. The slurry containing the obtained suspended polymer particles is dehydrated, washed, and dried. Thereafter, in the devolatilization step, the unreacted material in the dried suspended polymer particles is devolatilized by, for example, an extruder and pelletized. In this case, the 3-arylbenzofuranone represented by the general formula (I) is preferably added before the devolatilization step.
When performing anionic polymerization, the monomer is dissolved in an inert solvent, and an organic alkyl metal compound such as n-butyllithium, sec-butyllithium, or t-butyllithium is used as a polymerization initiator. After completion of the polymerization, the active terminal of the polymerization is deactivated with a compound having active hydrogen such as methanol, thereby completing the polymerization. Thereafter, in the devolatilization step, unreacted substances and / or solvents are devolatilized from the reaction product after the polymerization reaction by, for example, a flash drum, a twin-screw devolatilizer, a thin film evaporator, an extruder, and the like, and pelletized. In this case, the 3-arylbenzofuranone represented by the general formula (I) is preferably added before the devolatilization step.
[0019]
In the present invention, as a thermal deterioration inhibitor, a 3-arylbenzofuranone having a structure capable of effectively capturing and stabilizing a radical generated under oxygen-free condition, that is, a 3-arylbenzofuranone represented by the above general formula (I) Is used. The amount is 0.006 to 0.5% by weight, preferably 0.008 to 0.3% by weight, and more preferably 0.01 to 0.2% by weight based on the weight of the resin. Here, if the addition amount of the 3-arylbenzofuranone is less than 0.006% by weight, the effect of suppressing the formation of the aromatic monovinyl monomer and its dimer or trimer in the devolatilization step is not sufficient. It is not sufficient to obtain these small molded articles. If the amount is less than 0.006% by weight, the effect of suppressing the generation of styrene monomer due to thermal decomposition of the resin during molding becomes insufficient, and the level of residual styrene monomer in the molded product is suppressed to a low level. It is extremely difficult to obtain a molded product having a good color tone, which is not preferable. On the other hand, even if the above-mentioned 3-arylbenzofuranone is added in an amount of more than 0.5% by weight, the effect corresponding to the added amount cannot be obtained.
[0020]
Examples of such a thermal deterioration inhibitor include 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3- (2,4-dimethylphenyl) -3H-benzofuran-2-one and 5,7-di-tert-butyl. -3- (2,5-dimethylphenyl) -3H-benzofuran-2-one, 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3- (3,4-dimethylphenyl) -3H-benzofuran-2-one and the like. Can be mentioned. Among them, 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3- (3,4-dimethylphenyl) -3H-benzofuran-2-one is preferred.
[0021]
In the present invention, the residual amount of the aromatic monovinyl monomer is 100 ppm or less, preferably 95 ppm or less. A rectangular parallelepiped container having a width of 95 mm, a depth of 55 mm, a depth of 96 mm, and a thickness of 2 mm was made by injection molding with polystyrene and impact-resistant polystyrene, and 200 ml of hot water at 90 ° C. was put into the container, and after three minutes, the odor of the hot water As a result, when the residual amount of the aromatic monovinyl monomer was 100 ppm or less, the problem of odor was greatly improved, and the color tone of the molded product was also significantly improved. On the other hand, if the residual amount of the aromatic monovinyl-based monomer exceeds 100 ppm, the color tone of the molded article becomes poor even if the predetermined amount of the 3-arylbenzofuranone is added, and the object cannot be achieved.
In the present invention, the total amount of the dimer and trimer of the aromatic monovinyl monomer is preferably 0.4% by weight or less, more preferably 0.35% by weight or less. is there. When the content is 0.4% by weight or less, in the case of injection molding, oil adhesion to a molded article is greatly improved, and moldability is very good. In this case, similarly to the above, by setting the amount of the aromatic monovinyl monomer to 100 ppm or less, a molded product having a good color tone, a small odor, and excellent moldability can be obtained.
[0022]
In addition, when polystyrene was used as the aromatic monovinyl resin, oil adhering in the above injection molding was examined. As dimers, 1,3-diphenylpropane, 2,4-diphenyl-1-butene, 1,2 -Diphenylcyclobutane, 1-phenyltetralin, and trimers included 2,4,6-triphenyl-1-hexene, 1-phenyl-4- (1′-phenylethyl) tetralin and the like.
The aromatic monovinyl resin obtained by the method of the present invention may contain, if desired, commonly used additives such as lubricants, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, mold release agents, plasticizers, dyes and pigments. And various fillers can be added. Further, other resins, for example, general polystyrene, styrene-butadiene copolymer elastomer, partially or completely hydrogenated styrene-butadiene copolymer elastomer, polyphenylene ether, and the like can be blended.
[0023]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[Production Example 1]
Preparation of 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3- (3,4-dimethylphenyl) -3H-benzofuran-2-one In 300 ml of 1,2-dichloroethane, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (97 %) 212.5 g (1.00 mol), a mixture of 50% aqueous glyoxylic acid 163.0 g (1.10 mol) and p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate 0.5 g (2.6 mmol) were added, Reflux on a water separator under nitrogen for 3.5 hours. The obtained reaction mixture was concentrated, and the residue was taken up in 800 ml of hexane and washed three times with water. The aqueous layer was further extracted with 300 ml of hexane, combined with the organic layer, dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated to obtain 260 g of a viscous compound.
[0024]
To the above compound was added 500 ml of o-xylene, 40 g of Fucat 22B [manufactured by Laporte Adsorbents, registered trademark, sheet silicate] was added, and the mixture was refluxed for 1.5 hours on a water separator. Then, Fucat 22B was removed by filtration, and excess o-xylene was distilled off. The residue was crystallized from 400 ml of methanol to obtain 175.5 g of 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3- (3,4-dimethylphenyl) -3H-benzofuran-2-one.
[0025]
[Production Example 2]
5,7 During di -tert- butyl-3- (2,4-dimethylphenyl) -3H- Baie Nzofuran-2-one 1,2-dichloroethane 300 ml, 2,4-di -tert- butylphenol ( A mixture of 212.5 g (1.00 mol) of 97%), 163.0 g (1.10 mol) of 50% aqueous glyoxylic acid, and 0.5 g (2.6 mmol) of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate was added. Refluxed on a water separator under nitrogen for 3.5 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and the residue was taken up in 800 ml of hexane and washed three times with water. The aqueous layer was further extracted with 300 ml of hexane, combined with the organic layer, dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated to obtain 262 g of a viscous compound.
[0026]
To the above compound, 500 ml of m-xylene was added, 40 g of Fucat 22B [manufactured by Laporte Adsorbents, registered trademark, sheet silicate] was added, and the mixture was refluxed for 1.5 hours on a water separator. Then, Fucat 22B was removed by filtration, and excess m-xylene was distilled off. The residue was crystallized from 400 ml of methanol to obtain 242 g of 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3- (2,4-dimethylphenyl) -3H-benzofuran-2-one.
[0027]
In addition, the analysis method of the resin composition and a molded article in an Example and a comparative example is as follows.
[0028]
[0029]
[0030]
(4) Measurement of dimer and trimer of styrene monomer in molded article Same method as in (3) Color tone of molded article, odor of molded article, oil adhesion to mold, and 3-arylbenzoic acid Table 1 shows the results of Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 described below with respect to the relationship between the amount of furanone added and the amounts of the styrene monomer, its dimer and trimer.
[0031]
In addition, the evaluation method of the resin composition in Examples 1-10 and Comparative Examples 1-8 is as follows.
(1) Odor determination method From the resin composition, a rectangular parallelepiped container having an opening width of 95 mm, a depth of 55 mm, a depth of 96 mm, and a thickness of 2 mm was prepared by injection molding, 200 ml of 90 ° C hot water was put into the container, and after 3 minutes, The odor of the hot water was determined.
(2) Molded Article Color Tone The molded article used for the odor determination in the method (1) was visually judged.
(3) Method for confirming the state of oil adhesion to mold A short mold was used during injection molding with a filling time of 3.0 seconds using a 150 mm × 50 mm × 2.5 mm rectangular mold. After the 70 shots, the injection molding was stopped for 15 minutes, the mold was cooled, and the mold surface corresponding to the tip of the molded product was observed to confirm the state of oil adhesion. Thereafter, molding was repeated until 980 shots while checking the state of oil attachment to the mold every 70 shots in the same manner, and the number of shots at which oil began to adhere to the mold was determined.
[0032]
[Example 1]
Dissolve 0.05 part by weight of a polymerization initiator (1,1-bis (t-butylperoxy) -3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane) in 90 parts by weight of styrene and 10 parts by weight of ethylbenzene, and dissolve 0.5 liter. At a rate of / hour, the mixture was continuously and sequentially supplied to a polymerization apparatus comprising a first reactor, a second reactor, and a third reactor, each of which had a capacity of 1 liter. Immediately after the completion of the polymerization step, that is, at the outlet of the third reactor, 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3- (3,4-dimethylphenyl) -3H-benzofuran-2-one dissolved in ethylbenzene. Was added so as to be 0.15% by weight based on the resin (weight average molecular weight = 260,000) obtained in the third reactor. Subsequently, the resin and 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3- (3,4-dimethylphenyl) -3H-benzofuran-2 were mixed in a complete mixing mixer (volume: 150 ml) provided after the third reactor. After the -on was uniformly mixed, the mixture was transferred to a devolatilizer in which two single-screw extruders were connected in series, and in this devolatilization step, volatile components were sequentially removed and pelletized.
[0033]
The polymerization conditions in the polymerization step are as follows: the first reactor has a polymerization temperature of 105 to 110 ° C. and a stirrer rotation speed of 150 rpm; the second reactor has a polymerization temperature of 115 to 125 ° C., a stirrer rotation speed of 50 rpm; The temperature was 130 to 150 ° C. and the rotation speed of the stirrer was 20 rpm. The polymerization rate at the outlet of each reactor was 35% at the outlet of the first reactor, 65% at the outlet of the second reactor, and 90% at the outlet of the third reactor. In the devolatilization step, the temperature of the single-screw extruder in the first stage was 190 to 200 ° C. and the degree of vacuum was 30 torr, and the temperature of the single-screw extruder in the second stage was 220 to 240 ° C. and the degree of vacuum was 5 torr.
[0034]
Using the obtained pellets, injection molded articles for odor determination were produced under the following two different conditions. As the first condition, a molded product was collected by ordinary continuous molding (a product without stagnation). As other conditions, the molding was stopped once, the resin was retained in the cylinder for 30 minutes, the molding was restarted, the first two shots were discarded, and the third shot of the retained resin was collected as a molded product (retention 30 Parts). The molding temperature of each zone of the injection molding machine was 250 ° C, 250 ° C, 230 ° C, and 210 ° C, respectively. Further, the state of oil adhesion to the mold during injection molding was confirmed.
Table 1 shows the remaining amount of the styrene monomer, the sum of the remaining amounts of the dimer and the trimer, the odor determination result, and the color tone of the molded product and the state of oil adhesion to the mold by visual determination.
[0035]
[Example 2]
Example 1 was repeated except that the addition amount of 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3- (3,4-dimethylphenyl) -3H-benzofuran-2-one was 0.05% by weight. Pellets and molded articles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and physical properties and the like were evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.
[Example 3]
Example 1 was repeated except that the amount of 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3- (3,4-dimethylphenyl) -3H-benzofuran-2-one was changed to 0.02% by weight. Pellets and molded articles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and physical properties and the like were evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.
[0036]
[Example 4]
In Example 1, 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3- (3,4-dimethylphenyl) -3H-benzofuran-2-one was added to the extruder before and after the single screw extruder in the devolatilization step. Pellets and molded articles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of addition was 0.05% by weight, and the physical properties and the like were evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.
[Example 5]
In Example 1, instead of 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3- (3,4-dimethylphenyl) -3H-benzofuran-2-one, 5,7-di- obtained in Production Example 2 was used. Pellets and molding were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that tert-butyl-3- (2,4-dimethylphenyl) -3H-benzofuran-2-one was added and the amount added was 0.05% by weight. A product was prepared, and properties and the like were evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.
[0037]
[Example 6]
In Example 1, pellets and molded articles were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 85 parts by weight of styrene and 5 parts by weight of polybutadiene (diene 35: manufactured by Asahi Kasei) were used instead of 90 parts by weight of styrene. Evaluation of physical properties and the like was performed. Table 1 shows the results.
[Example 7]
Example 6 was repeated except that the amount of 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3- (3,4-dimethylphenyl) -3H-benzofuran-2-one was changed to 0.02% by weight. Pellets and molded articles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and physical properties and the like were evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.
Example 8
Example 1 was repeated except that the addition amount of 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3- (3,4-dimethylphenyl) -3H-benzofuran-1-one was 0.01% by weight. Pellets and molded articles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and physical properties and the like were evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.
[0038]
[Example 9]
60 kg of dehydrated cyclohexane and 10 kg of dehydrated styrene were charged into an autoclave with a stirrer purged with dry nitrogen, and a 30% by weight cyclohexane solution containing 6 g of n-butyllithium was added at an initial reaction temperature of 50 ° C., followed by vigorous stirring. A polymerization reaction was performed. After 5 minutes, the temperature inside the reactor rose to 85 ° C. The mixture was allowed to react for 20 minutes, and the conversion was measured by gas chromatography to be 99.8%. Next, 1 kg of methanol was added to the polymerization solution in the reactor, and after stirring for 30 minutes, 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3- (3,4-dimethylphenyl) -3H- was added to the obtained resin. Benzofuran-2-one was added at 0.01% by weight (extruder inlet), devolatilized and pelletized with a 20 mm single screw extruder at an extruder temperature of 210 to 230 ° C. and a degree of vacuum of 15 torr. Production of a molded article using the pellets and evaluation of the molded article were performed in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 1 shows the results.
[0039]
[Example 10]
Using a KRC (Kurimoto Iron Works) reactor (internal volume 8.6 liters, blade diameter 100 mm, cylinder effective length 1000 mm, number of paddles 44, clearance between cylinder inner wall and paddle 1 mm), the internal temperature was reduced to 80 ° C. The rotation speed was controlled at 200 rpm. Styrene was supplied to this reactor at a rate of 1 liter / hour, while methylaluminoxane was supplied as a catalyst at a rate of 75 mmol / hour and pentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium trimethoxide at a rate of 0.15 mmol / hour. Continuous polymerization was carried out for 5 hours. The powder coming out of the reactor outlet was immersed in methanol in which 1% by weight of sodium hydroxide was dissolved and washed, and then the obtained resin was subjected to 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3- (3 Then, 0.01% by weight of (, 4-dimethylphenyl) -3H-benzofuran-2-one was added (inlet of the extruder), and dried at 180 ° C., 10 torr for 1 hour by a dryer. The resin before mixing with the additive had a polymer syndiotacticity of 97% in racemic pentad by 13 C-NMR.
[0040]
The resin was devolatilized and pelletized with a 20 mm single screw extruder at an extruder temperature of 270 to 290 ° C. and a degree of vacuum of 20 torr.
Using these pellets, injection molded articles for odor determination were produced under two different conditions. As the first condition, a molded article was collected by ordinary continuous molding (no stagnation). As other conditions, the molding was stopped once, the resin was retained in the cylinder for 30 minutes, the molding was restarted, the first two shots were discarded, and the third shot of the retained resin was collected as a molded product (retention 30 Parts). The molding temperature of each zone of the injection molding machine was 290 ° C, 290 ° C, 280 ° C, and 270 ° C, respectively. Furthermore, the state of oil adhesion to the mold during injection molding was confirmed. Table 1 shows the residual amount of the styrene monomer, the odor determination result, and the color tone of the molded article and the state of oil adhesion to the mold by visual inspection.
[0041]
[Comparative Example 1]
In Example 1, pellets and pellets were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3- (3,4-dimethylphenyl) -3H-benzofuran-2-one was not added. Molded articles were prepared and physical properties and the like were evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.
[Comparative Example 2]
Example 1 Example 1 was repeated except that the addition amount of 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3- (3,4-dimethylphenyl) -3H-benzofuran-2-one was changed to 0.005% by weight. Pellets and molded articles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 and the properties and the like were evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.
[0042]
[Comparative Example 3]
In Example 1, in place of 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3- (3,4-dimethylphenyl) -3H-benzofuran-2-one, Sumilizer GS [registered trademark, phenol-based Thermal degradation inhibitor, chemical name: 2- [1- (2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-pentylphenyl) ethyl] -4,6-di-tert-pentylphenyl acrylate], and the amount added is 0. Pellets and molded articles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the content was 0.05% by weight, and physical properties and the like were evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.
[Comparative Example 4]
In Example 1, in place of 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3- (3,4-dimethylphenyl) -3H-benzofuran-2-one, Sumilizer GS [registered trademark, phenol-based Pellets and molded articles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of the heat deterioration inhibitor was added and the amount added was 0.3% by weight, and the properties and the like were evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.
[0043]
[Comparative Example 5]
In Example 1, the addition amount of 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3- (3,4-dimethylphenyl) -3H-benzofuran-2-one was set to 0.005% by weight. Di-tert-butyl-3- (3,4-dimethylphenyl) -3H-benzofuran-2-one is added at a position between the former extruder and the latter extruder of the single screw extruder in the devolatilization step. Further, pellets and molded articles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 1% by weight of water was added to the resin, and physical properties and the like were evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.
[Comparative Example 6]
In Example 2, pellets and molded products were produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the degree of vacuum of the subsequent single-screw extruder was set to 20 torr, and physical properties and the like were evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.
[0044]
[Comparative Example 7]
In Example 9, pellets and molded articles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the degree of vacuum at the time of drying the resin was 30 torr, and the properties and the like were evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.
[Comparative Example 8]
In Example 10, pellets and molded articles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the degree of vacuum at the time of drying the resin was set to 28 torr, and physical properties and the like were evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.
[0045]
[Table 1]
[0046]
From Table 1, it can be seen that by adding a predetermined amount of the 3-arylbenzofuranone represented by the general formula (I) to reduce the residual amount of the styrene monomer to 100 ppm or less, a molded article having a very excellent color tone can be obtained. It can be seen that it can be obtained. Even if a predetermined amount of the thermal degradation inhibitor is added, if the residual amount of the styrene monomer is large, the color tone of the obtained molded article will be extremely poor. In addition, in the resin composition of the present invention, even in the results of the retention test in a molding machine, the increase in the styrene monomer and its dimer or trimer is small, and the color tone of the molded product does not change. The heat stability was excellent. Further, in the resin composition of the present invention, the total amount of the dimer and the trimer is 0.4% by weight or less, the amount of oil adhered to the mold is small, and the moldability is very good. Was.
[0047]
Further, when a phenolic heat deterioration inhibitor (Smilarizer GS) is used, the color tone of the obtained molded product is very poor. Furthermore, even when the addition amount is the same as that of the 3-arylbenzofuranone of the present invention, the effect of reducing the styrene monomer and its dimer or trimer is lower than that of the 3-arylbenzofuranone of the present invention. It turns out that.
Further, regarding the relationship between the method of adding the thermal deterioration inhibitor and the concentration of the residual styrene monomer, its dimer and trimer, Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 and Example 11 shown below were used. Table 2 shows the results of comparison of Nos. To 13 and Comparative Example 9.
[0048]
[Example 11]
In Example 2, pellets and molded articles were prepared and the physical properties were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the mixing device provided after the outlet of the third reactor was removed. Table 2 shows the results.
[Example 12]
In Example 2, the addition position of 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3- (3,4-dimethylphenyl) -3H-benzofuran-2-one was changed from the outlet of the third reactor to the third reactor. Changed to 2/3 position from above. At the addition position, the polymerization temperature was 150 ° C., and the conversion was 81%. The injection amount of the additive was adjusted to be the same as in Example 2. Except for this, pellets and molded articles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 2, and physical properties and the like were evaluated. Table 2 shows the results.
[0049]
Example 13
In Example 12, the polymerization temperature at the position where 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3- (3,4-dimethylphenyl) -3H-benzofuran-2-one was added was changed to 160 ° C. The polymerization rate at the addition position was 86%. The injection amount of the additive was adjusted to be the same as in Example 12. Except for this, pellets and molded articles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 12, and the properties and the like were evaluated. Table 2 shows the results.
[Comparative Example 9]
Example 2 was repeated except that 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3- (3,4-dimethylphenyl) -3H-benzofuran-2-one was added to the raw material for polymerization (first reactor inlet). Performed in the same manner as in Example 2. Table 2 shows the results.
[0050]
[Table 2]
[0051]
From Table 2, the third reactor in the polymerization step, the outlet of the third reactor immediately after the polymerization step (before the devolatilization step) or the outlet of the third reactor in the devolatilization step, and By adding a predetermined amount of the 3-arylbenzofuranone of the present invention at the intermediate position, the residual amount of the styrene monomer and the total residual amount of the dimer and trimer of the styrene monomer are significantly reduced. We can see that we can do it. Further, after the addition of the thermal degradation inhibitor, by uniformly mixing the polymerization solution obtained in the polymerization step and the thermal degradation inhibitor using a mixing device, the low molecular weight component can be further reduced. . Further, when a thermal degradation inhibitor is added in the polymerization step, the low molecular weight component can be further reduced by adding the thermal degradation inhibitor at a higher polymerization rate and at a lower polymerization temperature.
[0052]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to the manufacturing method of the aromatic monovinyl resin of this invention, it can be set as the molded article which was excellent in moldability and heat stability at the time of molding, good in color tone, little in odor, and excellent in moldability. Further, the resin obtained by the production method of the present invention is suitably used as a molded product by an extrusion sheet (foamed or non-foamed), injection molding, blow molding, or the like, and includes a packaging material, a container, and the like which come into direct contact with food or the like. Particularly suitable molded articles are obtained. Further, the aromatic monovinyl resin of the present invention can be widely used for toys, miscellaneous goods, daily necessities, electric parts, various industrial parts, and the like, and plays a large role in the industrial world.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001237810A JP3565804B2 (en) | 2000-08-09 | 2001-08-06 | Method for producing aromatic monovinyl resin |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000241450 | 2000-08-09 | ||
| JP2000-241450 | 2000-08-09 | ||
| JP2001237810A JP3565804B2 (en) | 2000-08-09 | 2001-08-06 | Method for producing aromatic monovinyl resin |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2002121215A JP2002121215A (en) | 2002-04-23 |
| JP3565804B2 true JP3565804B2 (en) | 2004-09-15 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001237810A Expired - Fee Related JP3565804B2 (en) | 2000-08-09 | 2001-08-06 | Method for producing aromatic monovinyl resin |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3565804B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3850305B2 (en) * | 2002-02-08 | 2006-11-29 | Psジャパン株式会社 | Aromatic monovinyl resin sheet and method for producing resin for the sheet |
| JP5486146B2 (en) * | 2006-06-08 | 2014-05-07 | 東洋スチレン株式会社 | Aromatic vinyl compound resin composition and method for producing the same |
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2001
- 2001-08-06 JP JP2001237810A patent/JP3565804B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2002121215A (en) | 2002-04-23 |
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