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JP3566835B2 - Superconducting cable - Google Patents
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JP3566835B2 - Superconducting cable - Google Patents

Superconducting cable Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3566835B2
JP3566835B2 JP23652497A JP23652497A JP3566835B2 JP 3566835 B2 JP3566835 B2 JP 3566835B2 JP 23652497 A JP23652497 A JP 23652497A JP 23652497 A JP23652497 A JP 23652497A JP 3566835 B2 JP3566835 B2 JP 3566835B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
superconducting
cable
superconducting conductor
core
conductor
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JP23652497A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH1166982A (en
Inventor
武憲 中島
重夫 長屋
由明 中尾
隆行 平澤
達也 末松
隆 斉藤
伸行 定方
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Fujikura Ltd
Chubu Electric Power Co Inc
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Fujikura Ltd
Chubu Electric Power Co Inc
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/60Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment

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  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、超電導体を導体として使用したケーブルに関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
周知のように超電導現象は、臨界温度以下に冷却することによって電気抵抗が零になる現象であり、最近では、液体窒素の温度を越える温度で超電導現象を示すイットリウム(Y)系やタリウム(Tl)系あるいはビスマス(Bi)系などのセラミックが、いわゆる高温超電導体として知られている。この種のセラミックをケーブル用の導体に加工する方法として、金属パイプ内に上記のセラミックを充填し、これを所定の断面形状の線材に加工し、次いで熱処理を行う方法が知られている。
【0003】
このようにして得られた線状の超電導導体を用いたケーブルにおいても、その超電導導体を臨界温度以下に維持する必要があり、そのために液体窒素などの冷却用媒体を流通させるための流路をケーブルに設けている。図2はその一般的な構造を示しており、液体窒素(LN)流路1の周囲に、断面扇形に加工された複数本の線状の超電導導体2が、円環状に配列されている。この超電導導体2の外周側は電気絶縁層3によって被覆されており、この電気絶縁層3の外周面には、遮蔽層4が形成されている。
【0004】
更に、この遮蔽層4の外周に、互いに間隔をあけた複数本の線状のスペーサ5が、軸線方向もしくは螺旋方向に配置され、このスペーサ5によって遮蔽層4の外周側に間隔を維持した状態で、波付きアルミ管からなるアルミ被6が設けられている。すなわち、超電導導体2および電気絶縁層3ならびにスペーサ5がアルミ被6の内部に挿入されている。そして、このアルミ被6の内周側にスペーサ5によって確保された空間部分が第2のLN流路7となっている。また、このアルミ被6の外周側に熱絶縁層8が形成されるとともに、この熱絶縁層8の外周側に波付きアルミ管からなるアルミ被9が設けられ、その外周面にPVC(ポリ塩化ビニル)からなる防食層10が形成されている。したがって、図2に示すケーブルでは、各LN流路1,7に液体窒素を流すことにより、超電導導体2が臨界温度以下に冷却されて超電導状態になる。
【0005】
ところで、超電導ケーブルは、製造時には常温であり、これを使用する際には上記のように臨界温度まで冷却する。その温度差は、約220℃にもなる大きい温度差であり、これに対して超電導導体2の熱膨張率は、19.0×10−6/℃程度であるから、使用時あるいは稼働時には大きな熱収縮が不可避的に生じる。
【0006】
そこで従来では、超電導ケーブルを布設するにあたって、稼働時の熱収縮量を見込んだ余長部分を弛ませることによって予め確保する手段が採られており、具体的にはスネーク布設法、あるいはオフセット布設法等が知られている。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記従来の布設手段では、熱収縮量に相当する余長部分を配置するスペースが電路のためのスペース以外に必要となり、結局、広いスペースを必要とすることから、超電導ケーブルの設備コストが高くなる不都合があった。また換言すれば、例えば既設の管路など余長部分のスペースを充分に確保できない場合には、超電導ケーブルを布設することができず、布設対象箇所の制約が大きい問題があった。
【0008】
この発明は上記の事情に鑑みてなされたもので、布設対象箇所における制約が少なく、かつ設備コストの低い超電導ケーブルを提供することを目的とするものである。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段およびその作用】
上記の目的を達成するために、この発明は、ケーブル内部で臨界温度以下に冷却されて超電導状態となる熱膨張率が20×10−6/℃程度の3条の超電導導体が、芯材の長さ方向に沿って螺旋状に巻き付けられた超電導ケーブルにおいて、前記ケーブル外部にアルミ被によって断熱層が形成され、前記芯材が、前記超電導導体よりも熱膨張率の大きい20×10−4/℃程度の高分子樹脂によって円柱状に形成されるとともに、前記超電導導体の内部に設けられた内側冷媒流路と、前記ケーブルが熱収縮する以前に前記ケーブル内部に均等に形成される外側冷媒流路とを流通する冷媒によって、前記芯材が冷却され熱収縮して細く変形することにより、前記超電導導体の前記芯材に対する巻き付け半径が小さくなるように構成されていることを特徴とするものである。
【0010】
したがって、この発明の超電導ケーブルに一体に形成された内側冷媒流路と、外側冷媒流路とに、液体窒素あるいは液体ヘリウムなどの冷媒が均等に供給されて超電導導体が臨界温度以下に冷却されると、3条の各超電導導体および芯材がそれぞれ熱収縮する。すなわち、芯材自体がその太さを細くするように変形するとともに、これに追随するように各超電導導体が芯材の周囲を締め付ける方向に変形する。したがって、各超電導導体の前記芯材に対する巻き付け半径が小さくなる。そのため、超電導導体の見掛上の長さは減少しない。すなわち、超電導導体の熱収縮量が芯材の変形によって吸収される。したがって、超電導ケーブルを布設するにあたり、弛ませるなどして余長部分を確保する必要がない。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
つぎに、この発明を図面に基づいて具体的に説明する。図1の(A),(B)は、この発明に係る超電導ケーブル30の断面形状を示しており、この発明の芯材に相当する吸収部材11の外周面には、3条の超電導導体12が吸収部材11の長さ方向に沿って撚り合わされた状態に設けられている。すなわち、吸収部材11に対して各超電導導体12がそれぞれ螺旋状に巻回されている。吸収部材11は、例えば熱膨張率が20×10−4/℃程度の高分子樹脂からなる円柱状のものであり、その太さを細くするように熱収縮する構成となっている。
【0012】
各超電導導体12は、熱膨張率が20×10−6/℃程度の金属あるいはセラミックなどのいわゆる高温超電導体からなる円筒状のものであり、臨界温度以下に冷却することにより超電導状態となる。そして、これらの超電導導体12の内部空間が、内側冷媒流路13とされており、この内側冷媒流路13は、図示しない冷媒供給部に接続されている。
【0013】
各超電導導体12の外周側には、電気絶縁層14がそれぞれ形成されている。この電気絶縁層14は、超電導ケーブル30の容量や用途に応じて適宜に設定することができ、従来知られているゴムや合成樹脂、あるいは油含浸紙またはテープなどによって構成することができる。そして、各電気絶縁層14の外周側には、遮蔽層15が形成されている。すなわち、超電導導体12と電気絶縁層14と遮蔽層15とによって単体のコア16が形成されている。
【0014】
上記のように、撚り合わされた3心のコア16の外周側には、例えばアルミパイプからなるアルミ被17が設けられており、このアルミ被17と遮蔽層15との間に確保された空間が外側冷媒流路18とされている。更に、この外側冷媒流路18は、図示しない冷媒供給部に接続されている。更に、アルミ被17の外周側には、熱絶縁層19が形成されている。これは、超電導導体12に対する外部からの熱の出入りを阻止するためのものである。そして、この熱絶縁層19の外周には、PVCなどからなる防食層20を形成したアルミ被21が設けられている。
【0015】
つぎに、上記のように構成された超電導ケーブル30の作用について説明する。上記の超電導ケーブル30では、各内側冷媒流路13内と外側冷媒流路18内とに液体窒素あるいは液体ヘリウム等の冷媒を反対方向に向けて流すことによって、各超電導導体12が臨界温度以下に冷却されて超電導状態になる。そして、このように超電導ケーブル30内に冷媒が供給されることによって、超電導導体12および吸収部材11あるいは電気絶縁層14などの部材がそれぞれ収縮する。
【0016】
より具体的には、吸収部材11はほぼ円形断面を維持したまま細くなり、これに対して、3条のコア16は、それぞれ縮径しつつ、吸収部材11を外周部から締め付けるように作用する。その場合、吸収部材11の熱膨張率が各超電導導体12の熱膨張率よりも大きく設定されていて、コア16と比べて吸収部材11が熱収縮し易い構成となっているから、各コア16による吸収部材11を締め付ける方向、すなわち、螺旋の巻き付け半径が小さくなるような変形が許容される(図1の(B)参照)。そのため、コア16の見掛上の長さが減少するような変形、換言すれば、超電導ケーブル30の端部同士が互いに接近する方向への変形が生じない。すなわち、吸収部材11の変形によって、各コア16の熱収縮量が吸収される。
【0017】
このように、上記構成の超電導ケーブル30では、構造自体によって熱収縮を吸収するよう構成されているから、その両端部を冷媒供給設備などに固定した状態で布設するにあたり、弛みを持たせる必要がない。つまり、オフセット布設あるいはスネーク布設などが不要となる。それに伴って、例えばスペース上の制約から従来利用できなかった既設の管路あるいは洞道への布設が可能になるなど、布設対象箇所における制約を減らすことができる。また、余長部分の弛みがない分だけ、布設に必要とされるスペースが狭くてよく、これによって、超電導ケーブル30の設備コストを低く抑えることができる。
【0018】
なお、上記具体例では、3心超電導ケーブルを例示したが、この発明は上記具体例に限定されるものではなく、例えば吸収部材に対して1条のコアを螺旋状に巻き付けた構成の超電導ケーブルに適用することもできる。また、吸収部材は、上記の例に限定されず、例えば高分子樹脂製の中空容器内に空気を充填した構成のものが挙げられる。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
以上の説明から明らかなように、この発明によれば、芯材が細く変形することによって3条の各超電導導体の熱収縮量が吸収されるから、布設するにあたって弛みを持たせる必要がなく、したがって、布設対象箇所における制約を減らすことができるとともに、設備コストの低廉化を図ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】この発明の一具体例を示す概略図であり、特に(A)は超電導ケーブルが熱収縮する前の状態を示す図であり、(B)は熱収縮した状態を示す図である。
【図2】超電導ケーブルの一例を示す概略図である。
【符号の説明】
11…吸収部材、 12…超電導導体、 16…コア、 30…超電導ケーブル。
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a cable using a superconductor as a conductor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As is well known, the superconducting phenomenon is a phenomenon in which the electric resistance becomes zero by cooling below a critical temperature, and recently, an yttrium (Y) system or a thallium (Tl) which exhibits a superconducting phenomenon at a temperature exceeding the temperature of liquid nitrogen. ) -Based or bismuth (Bi) -based ceramics are known as so-called high-temperature superconductors. As a method of processing this kind of ceramic into a conductor for a cable, there is known a method in which the above-described ceramic is filled in a metal pipe, processed into a wire having a predetermined sectional shape, and then subjected to heat treatment.
[0003]
Also in the cable using the linear superconducting conductor obtained in this way, it is necessary to maintain the superconducting conductor at a critical temperature or less, and therefore, a flow path for flowing a cooling medium such as liquid nitrogen is required. Provided on the cable. FIG. 2 shows a general structure thereof, in which a plurality of linear superconducting conductors 2 processed into a sector shape are arranged in an annular shape around a liquid nitrogen (LN 2 ) flow path 1. . The outer peripheral side of the superconducting conductor 2 is covered with an electric insulating layer 3, and a shielding layer 4 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the electric insulating layer 3.
[0004]
Further, a plurality of linear spacers 5 spaced apart from each other are arranged on the outer periphery of the shielding layer 4 in the axial direction or the helical direction, and the spacers 5 maintain the interval on the outer peripheral side of the shielding layer 4. Thus, an aluminum sheath 6 made of a corrugated aluminum tube is provided. That is, superconducting conductor 2, electric insulating layer 3 and spacer 5 are inserted inside aluminum cover 6. The space portion secured by the spacer 5 on the inner peripheral side of the aluminum cover 6 serves as the second LN2 flow path 7. A heat insulating layer 8 is formed on the outer peripheral side of the aluminum cover 6, and an aluminum cover 9 made of a corrugated aluminum tube is provided on the outer peripheral side of the heat insulating layer 8. An anticorrosion layer 10 made of vinyl) is formed. Therefore, in the cable shown in FIG. 2, by flowing liquid nitrogen through each of the LN 2 flow paths 1 and 7, the superconducting conductor 2 is cooled to a critical temperature or lower and enters a superconducting state.
[0005]
By the way, the superconducting cable is at room temperature during manufacture, and when used, is cooled to the critical temperature as described above. The temperature difference is a large temperature difference of about 220 ° C. On the other hand, the thermal expansion coefficient of the superconducting conductor 2 is about 19.0 × 10 −6 / ° C. Thermal contraction inevitably occurs.
[0006]
Therefore, conventionally, when laying a superconducting cable, a means for securing in advance by loosening a surplus length in consideration of the amount of heat shrinkage during operation is adopted, and specifically, a snake laying method or an offset laying method is adopted. Etc. are known.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above-mentioned conventional laying means, a space for arranging a surplus portion corresponding to the amount of heat shrinkage is required in addition to the space for the electric circuit, and ultimately a large space is required. There was an inconvenience of becoming expensive. In other words, for example, when the space of the extra length such as the existing pipeline cannot be sufficiently secured, the superconducting cable cannot be laid, and there is a problem that the place to be laid is largely restricted.
[0008]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a superconducting cable which has less restrictions on a place to be laid and has a low equipment cost.
[0009]
Means for Solving the Problems and Their Functions
To achieve the above object, the present invention is superconducting conductor of Article 3 of the thermal expansion coefficient is cooled below a critical temperature within cable becomes superconducting state is about 20 × 10 -6 / ℃ is, the core material In a superconducting cable spirally wound along the length direction of the superconducting cable, a heat insulating layer is formed by an aluminum coating on the outside of the cable, and the core material has a thermal expansion coefficient of 20 × 10 −4 larger than that of the superconducting conductor. / C, formed in a cylindrical shape with a polymer resin, and an inner coolant passage provided inside the superconducting conductor, and an outer coolant formed evenly inside the cable before the cable thermally contracts. The core material is cooled by the refrigerant flowing through the flow path, is thermally contracted, and is thinly deformed, so that the winding radius of the superconducting conductor around the core material is reduced. And it is characterized in and.
[0010]
Therefore, the refrigerant such as liquid nitrogen or liquid helium is uniformly supplied to the inner refrigerant flow path and the outer refrigerant flow path integrally formed in the superconducting cable of the present invention, and the superconducting conductor is cooled to a critical temperature or lower. Then , each of the three superconducting conductors and the core material thermally contracts. That is, the core material itself is deformed so as to reduce its thickness, and each superconducting conductor is deformed so as to follow the core material so as to tighten around the core material. Therefore, the radius becomes smaller winding relative to the core material of the superconducting conductor. Therefore, the apparent length of the superconducting conductor does not decrease. That is, the heat shrinkage of the superconducting conductor is absorbed by the deformation of the core material. Therefore, when laying the superconducting cable, it is not necessary to secure an extra length by slackening the cable.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Next, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings. FIGS. 1A and 1B show a cross-sectional shape of a superconducting cable 30 according to the present invention. Three superconducting conductors 12 are provided on an outer peripheral surface of an absorbing member 11 corresponding to a core material of the present invention. Are provided in a state of being twisted along the length direction of the absorbing member 11. That is, each superconducting conductor 12 is spirally wound around the absorbing member 11. The absorbing member 11 is, for example, a columnar member made of a polymer resin having a coefficient of thermal expansion of about 20 × 10 −4 / ° C., and is configured to be thermally contracted so as to reduce its thickness.
[0012]
Each superconducting conductor 12 is a cylindrical member made of a so-called high-temperature superconductor such as metal or ceramic having a coefficient of thermal expansion of about 20 × 10 −6 / ° C., and is brought into a superconducting state by cooling to a critical temperature or lower. The internal space of these superconducting conductors 12 is defined as an inner coolant passage 13, and the inner coolant passage 13 is connected to a coolant supply unit (not shown).
[0013]
An electric insulating layer 14 is formed on the outer peripheral side of each superconducting conductor 12. The electric insulating layer 14 can be appropriately set according to the capacity and use of the superconducting cable 30, and can be made of conventionally known rubber, synthetic resin, oil-impregnated paper or tape, or the like. Further, a shielding layer 15 is formed on the outer peripheral side of each electric insulating layer 14. That is, a single core 16 is formed by the superconducting conductor 12, the electric insulating layer 14, and the shielding layer 15.
[0014]
As described above, an aluminum jacket 17 made of, for example, an aluminum pipe is provided on the outer peripheral side of the twisted three-core core 16, and a space secured between the aluminum jacket 17 and the shielding layer 15 is provided. An outer refrigerant passage 18 is provided. Further, the outer coolant passage 18 is connected to a coolant supply unit (not shown). Further, a heat insulating layer 19 is formed on the outer peripheral side of the aluminum cover 17. This is to prevent heat from entering and exiting the superconducting conductor 12 from the outside. On the outer periphery of the heat insulating layer 19, an aluminum cover 21 on which an anticorrosion layer 20 made of PVC or the like is formed.
[0015]
Next, the operation of the superconducting cable 30 configured as described above will be described. In the above-described superconducting cable 30, the refrigerant such as liquid nitrogen or liquid helium is caused to flow in the opposite direction in each of the inner refrigerant flow path 13 and the outer refrigerant flow path 18, so that each superconducting conductor 12 has a temperature below the critical temperature. It is cooled and becomes superconductive. When the refrigerant is supplied into the superconducting cable 30 as described above, the members such as the superconducting conductor 12 and the absorbing member 11 or the electric insulating layer 14 contract.
[0016]
More specifically, the absorbing member 11 becomes thinner while maintaining a substantially circular cross section. On the other hand, the three cores 16 act to tighten the absorbing member 11 from the outer peripheral portion while reducing the diameter. . In this case, since the coefficient of thermal expansion of the absorbing member 11 is set to be larger than the coefficient of thermal expansion of each superconducting conductor 12, the absorbing member 11 is more easily thermally contracted than the core 16. Therefore, deformation in which the direction in which the absorbing member 11 is tightened, that is, the winding radius of the spiral becomes small is allowed (see FIG. 1B). Therefore, a deformation that reduces the apparent length of the core 16, that is, a deformation in a direction in which the ends of the superconducting cables 30 approach each other does not occur. That is, the deformation of the absorbing member 11 absorbs the heat shrinkage of each core 16.
[0017]
As described above, the superconducting cable 30 having the above-described configuration is configured to absorb the heat shrinkage by the structure itself. Therefore, it is necessary to allow the superconducting cable 30 to have a slack when the cable is laid with the both ends fixed to the refrigerant supply facility or the like. Absent. That is, it is not necessary to lay an offset or lay a snake. Along with this, it is possible to reduce restrictions on the installation target location, for example, it is possible to lay existing pipes or sinuses that could not be used conventionally due to space restrictions. In addition, the space required for laying may be narrow because there is no slack in the extra length portion, so that the equipment cost of the superconducting cable 30 can be reduced.
[0018]
In the above specific example, a three-core superconducting cable is illustrated, but the present invention is not limited to the above specific example. For example, a superconducting cable having a configuration in which one core is spirally wound around an absorbing member. Can also be applied. In addition, the absorbing member is not limited to the above example, and includes, for example, a structure in which air is filled in a hollow container made of a polymer resin.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
As apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, since the thermal contraction amount of the superconducting conductor of Article 3 by that the core material is thin deformation is absorbed, need to have a slack when laying Therefore, it is possible to reduce restrictions on the installation target location and to reduce equipment costs.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a specific example of the present invention, in particular, FIG. 1A is a view showing a state before a superconducting cable thermally contracts, and FIG. .
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a superconducting cable.
[Explanation of symbols]
11: Absorbing member, 12: Superconducting conductor, 16: Core, 30: Superconducting cable.

Claims (1)

ケーブル内部で臨界温度以下に冷却されて超電導状態となる熱膨張率が20×10−6/℃程度の3条の超電導導体が、芯材の長さ方向に沿って螺旋状に巻き付けられた超電導ケーブルにおいて、
前記ケーブル外部にアルミ被によって断熱層が形成され、前記芯材が、前記超電導導体よりも熱膨張率の大きい20×10−4/℃程度の高分子樹脂によって円柱状に形成されるとともに、前記超電導導体の内部に設けられた内側冷媒流路と、前記ケーブルが熱収縮する以前に前記ケーブル内部に均等に形成される外側冷媒流路とを流通する冷媒によって、前記芯材が冷却され熱収縮して細く変形することにより、前記超電導導体の前記芯材に対する巻き付け半径が小さくなるように構成されていることを特徴とする超電導ケーブル。
Superconducting conductor of thermal expansion that is cooled below a critical temperature within cable becomes superconductive state 3 Article about 20 × 10 -6 / ℃ is spirally wound along the length of the core In superconducting cables,
A heat insulating layer is formed by an aluminum sheath on the outside of the cable, and the core is formed in a cylindrical shape from a polymer resin having a coefficient of thermal expansion larger than that of the superconducting conductor of about 20 × 10 −4 / ° C. The core material is cooled and thermally contracted by the refrigerant flowing through the inner refrigerant flow path provided inside the superconducting conductor and the outer refrigerant flow path formed evenly inside the cable before the cable thermally contracts. The superconducting cable is characterized in that the superconducting conductor is configured to be deformed so as to reduce the winding radius of the superconducting conductor around the core material.
JP23652497A 1997-08-18 1997-08-18 Superconducting cable Expired - Fee Related JP3566835B2 (en)

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JP5115770B2 (en) * 1999-06-22 2013-01-09 住友電気工業株式会社 Superconducting cable
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CH714345A2 (en) 2017-11-16 2019-05-31 Eta Sa Mft Horlogere Suisse Device for selecting a combination of patterns
CN110010301A (en) * 2019-03-12 2019-07-12 南京赢创智金科技成果转化有限公司 A kind of high pressure superconduction wire and cable

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