JP3567482B2 - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Description

【００４９】
（ハ）自動演奏
自動演奏は、ＲＡＭ４内のイベントデータに基づいて行われる。このＲＡＭ４には、鍵盤部１およびペダルセンサ５の出力信号に基づいて作成されたイベントデータ、あるいは、外部機器からＭＩＤＩインターフェイス８に供給されるＭＩＤＩ信号に基づいて作成されたイベントデータが予め記憶される。
【００５０】
そして、本実施例における自動演奏は、打弦を行う通常演奏においては、従来装置と同様にＲＡＭ４から読み出されたイベントデータに従ってソレノイドＳＯＬを駆動し、これによって打弦を行う。
【００５１】
一方、消音演奏においては、ＲＡＭ４内のイベントデータに応じてソレノイドＳＯＬが駆動されるが、打弦は行われず、楽音信号発生部１０による楽音形成が行われる。この際に、ペダルイベントに応じて波形データａ〜ｄが適宜選択され、これらの波形に応じた楽音信号が形成される。また、外部から供給されるＭＩＤＩ信号によって消音演奏を行う場合も同様であるが、この際には、ＭＩＤＩ信号中のペダルの操作を示す制御信号に基づいて上述した波形データの選択が行われる。なお、外部から供給されるＭＩＤＩ信号によりリアルタイムに演奏を行うこともできる。
【００５２】
Ｂ：第２実施例
（第２実施例の構成）
次に、この発明の第２実施例について説明する。この第２実施例と前述した第１実施例とは、波形メモリ１１内に記憶される波形データ、および、これらの波形データの選択の仕方が異なっている。なお、他の点については、同様の構成になっている。
【００５３】
この実施例における音階別波形メモリ１１−１〜１１−ｎに記憶される波形は、図７に示すように、波形データａ，ｃと波形データｅである。波形データｅは、前述した波形データｂのループ部から波形データａのループ部を差し引いた波形データである。すなわち、ラウドペダルを踏んで打弦した音から共鳴音だけを抽出した波形データである。この波形データｅの作成方法には、例えば、以下の２つの方法がある。
【００５４】
▲１▼ラウドペダルを踏まない場合の打弦音とラウドペダルを踏んだ場合の打弦音の双方について、これらに含まれる倍音を抽出する。そして、抽出された倍音の各波形について位相とピッチを合わせ、倍音毎に引き算する。この引き算により得られた倍音毎の波形を合成することにより、共鳴音だけの波形データを得る。
【００５５】
▲２▼高速フーリエ変換器を用いて、ラウドペダルを踏まない場合の打弦音とラウドペダルを踏んだ場合の打弦音の双方について分析する。この場合、高速フーリエ変換器の分析結果は、各周波数成分毎に複素数によって示されるから、それぞれの周波数成分毎に振幅と位相（ｔａｎ^−１（虚部／実部））が求められる。次に、高速フーリエ変換器の分析によって求められたスペクトルについて、各周波数成分毎に減算する。例えば、ラウドペダルを踏まない場合の打弦音とラウドペダルを踏んだ場合の打弦音のスペクトルが図８の（イ）、（ロ）のように得られたとすると、同図（イ）のスペクトルから同図（ロ）のスペクトルを減算したスペクトルを求める。
【００５６】
そして、減算により求められた各周波数成分の振幅とフーリエ解析の結果として得られた位相とを有する正弦波を発生し合成する。このような正弦波合成を行う回路としては、例えば、図９に示すものがある。図において、ＳＷＧ１〜ＳＷＧｋは、各々サイン波発生器であり、指示された周波数Ｆ、振幅（レベル）Ｌ、位相θに従った正弦波ＳＩＮ１〜ＳＩＮｋを発生する。そして、これらの正弦波ＳＩＮ１〜ＳＩＮｋは、加算器ＳＵＭによって合成され波形ＷＡＶＥとなる。この波形ＷＡＶＥは、共鳴音だけの波形となる。なお、周波数スペクトルを倍音についてだけ求め、倍音関係にある正弦波を合成するようにしてもよい。
以上の▲１▼または▲２▼のようにして得られた共鳴音だけの波形を、ＰＣＭ、あるいはＡＤＰＣＭによりデジタル化し、これを波形データｅとして記憶する。
【００５７】
（第２実施例の動作）
次に、この実施例の動作について説明する。
まず、メインルーチンは前述した第１の実施例と同様に図３に示すとおりである。また、ペダルイベントは、図１０に示すようになっている。図１０に示すステップのうちステップＳＰｄ４およびＳＰｄ６の処理以外は、図４に示すサブルーチンの処理と同様である。なお、ステップＳＰｄ４、ＳＰｄ６の処理内容については後述する。
【００５８】
次に、図１１は、この実施例におけるキーイベント処理のサブルーチンである。図１１に示す各ステップは、図５に示すサブルーチンの同一番号の処理とほぼ同様であが、波形データの選択の仕方が異なっている。まず、ペダルが踏まれずキーオン信号ＫＯＮだけが検出された場合は、ステップＳＰｅ６において前述の実施例の場合と同様に波形ａが選択されるが、ラウドペダル信号が先または略同時に検出されたときはステップＳＰｅ９において波形データａと波形データｅとが選択される。これにより、楽音信号発生部１０内の空チャンネルは、打弦による波形と残響による波形とを合成した波形に基づいて楽音形成を行う。
【００５９】
また、シフトペダル信号が先または略同時に検出された場合は、ステップＳＰｅ７に進んで波形データｃが選択され、ラウドペダルとシフトペダルの双方が検出された場合は、ステップＳＰｅ１０において波形データｃと波形データｅとが選択される。
【００６０】
次に、キーオン信号ＫＯＮが検出された後に、若干遅れてラウドペダルのオン信号ＬＯＮが検出された場合について説明する。
この場合には、図１０に示すステップＳＰｄ１→ＳＰｄ２→ＳＰｄ３→を経てＳＰｄ６に進み、直前に発音されたチャンネルをサーチする。そして、そのようなチャンネルが検出された場合には、その時点から波形データｅを付加した発音を行わせる。ただし、波形データｅのループ部を読み出すようにし、かつ、楽音信号のレベルを直前のエンベロープに対応させた大きさとする。すなわち、波形データｅのレベルを若干下げて加算する。これにより、押鍵があった後にラウドペダルが踏まれた場合には、押鍵と略同時あるいは先にラウドペダルが踏まれた場合よりも、共鳴音の音量が小さくなることを模倣することができる。また、波形データｅのレベルを直前のエンベロープに対応させた大きさとすることによって、発音中の楽音のレベルに応じたレベルの共鳴音を発生することができる。
【００６１】
このとき、当該チャンネルは、波形データａによる発音を行っている場合（シフトペダルが踏まれていないときの押鍵）と、波形データｃによる発音を行っている場合（シフトペダルが踏まれているときの押鍵）とがあるが、いずれの場合でも上記の処理を行う。ただし、該当するチャンネルの総てに波形データｅを付加すると、押鍵の数に応じて共鳴音が増加する。そこで、この不自然さを解消するために、楽音信号発生部１０は、図１２に示すように、押鍵数が増えるにつれて波形データｅのレベルを下げるようにしている。
【００６２】
一方、押鍵があった後にラウドペダル信号がオフになった場合は、図１０に示すステップＳＰｄ１→ＳＰｄ２→ＳＰｄ３→を経てＳＰｄ４に進み、直前に発音されたチャンネルをサーチする。そして、そのようなチャンネルが検出された場合には、それまで付加されていた波形データｅを停止し、もとの波形データ、すなわち、波形データａまたは波形データｃのみによる発音を行わせる。
ここで、上述した動作における波形データの選択例を表２に示す。
【００６３】
【表２】

なお、本実施例においても自動演奏は可能であるが、その動作は前述した第１の実施例の動作と同様である。
【００６４】
Ｄ：実施例効果
▲１▼消音ピアノにおいては、通常演奏と消音演奏とが適宜切り換えられるので、両者の音色の差異を比較し易く、特にペダル操作に伴う共鳴音の差異などは顕著に表れるが、上述した各実施例においては、電子的に共鳴音が付加されるので、ペダル操作に基づく音色差をほとんどなくすことができる。
【００６５】
▲２▼記録した自己の演奏をヘッドホン等で聞く場合、ペダル操作に基づく共鳴音も再生されるので、演奏上の効果を確認することができる。また、ペダル操作の練習にも好適である。
【００６６】
Ｅ：変形例
▲１▼上記各実施例においては、各音階について音階別波形メモリを持つようにしたが、３音階程度に一つの波形メモリを持つように構成してもよい。この場合、共通に使用する波形メモリから音階に応じた速度で波形データを読み出すことにより、当該音階の周波数に対応させればよい。このような構成にすることにより、メモリ数を少なくすることができる。
【００６７】
▲２▼上記各実施例は、本発明を消音ピアノに適用した実施例であったが、本発明はこれに限らず、ハンマー機構を有しない電子楽器にも適用することができる。
【００６８】
▲３▼また、この発明は、アップライトピアノやハープシコードなどの鍵盤楽器にも適用することができる。
【００６９】
▲４▼押鍵のタッチに応じた共鳴波形データを用意し、キーベロシティＫＶに応じて選択するように構成してもよい。また、波形メモリを節約する場合は、押鍵タッチに応じたエンベロープ制御やフィルタ処理による音色制御などを行うようにしてもよい。
【００７０】
▲５▼上記第２実施例においては、押鍵前にラウドペダルが踏まれた場合と押鍵後にラウドペダルが踏まれた場合とで発生する共鳴音の波形を区別していなかったが、これを区別するようにしてもよい。この場合には、第２実施例の波形メモリ１１に、押鍵後にラウドペダルが踏まれた場合の共鳴音だけの波形データｅ’を波形データｅと同様にして記憶するようにし、押鍵後にラウドペダルが踏まれた場合および押鍵後にラウドペダルが踏まれ且つシフトペダルが先に踏まれた場合には、波形データｅ’を用いて楽音信号の生成を行うようにすればよい。
【００７１】
▲６▼ステップＳＰｄ４，ＳＰｄ６またはＳＰｂ４，ＳＰｂ６においては、直前に発音されたチャンネルについて処理を行うよう示してあるが、これは、直前の一つのチャンネルだけではなく、ラウドペダルがオン、あるいはオフされたタイミングにおいて発音中の全てのチャンネルについての処理を意味している。すなわち、複数のチャンネルが発音中であれば、それら全てについて当該処理が行われる。また、発音中であっても、そのエンベロープが小さい場合には、当該処理を行わないように構成してもよい。
【００７２】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、この発明によれば、アコースティックピアノ等の鍵盤楽器の残響音を高忠実度で再現することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】この発明の第１実施例の構成を示すブロック図である。
【図２】同実施例における鍵付近の構造を示す側面図である。
【図３】同実施例のメインルーチンを示すフローチャートである。
【図４】同実施例のペダルイベント処理を示すフローチャートである。
【図５】同実施例のキーイベント処理を示すフローチャートである。
【図６】同実施例におけるクロスフェード処理を示す波形図である。
【図７】この発明の第２実施例の構成を示すブロック図である。
【図８】同実施例における共鳴波形の作成方法を示す周波数スペクトルである。
【図９】同実施例における共鳴波形発生回路の一例を示すブロック図である。
【図１０】同実施例のペダルイベント処理を示すフローチャートである。
【図１１】同実施例のキーイベント処理を示すフローチャートである。
【図１２】同実施例において、付加する共鳴音の数とそのレベルとの関係を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
１０……楽音信号発生部（楽音信号形成手段：読出手段：クロスフェード手段：共鳴波形音量制御手段）、１１……波形メモリ、ａ……波形データ（第１の楽音波形：押鍵波形）、ｂ……波形データ（第２の楽音波形）、ｅ……波形データ（共鳴音波形）。[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument capable of generating a resonance sound of a natural musical instrument.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The grand piano is provided with a loud pedal (damper pedal) and a shift pedal. Then, when the loud pedal is depressed, the damper remains raised, so that even if the key is released, the sound is not muted, and the generated sound continues until it naturally attenuates. That is, a sustain effect can be obtained. At the same time, the other strings resonate, and the sound of these strings is superimposed.
[0003]
When the shift pedal is depressed, the entire hammer action mechanism shifts in the width direction of the piano. In general, a grand piano is provided with a plurality of strings for one key. Therefore, when the hammer action mechanism shifts, the number of strings struck is reduced. Therefore, when the shift pedal is depressed, the sound volume is reduced, and the resonance state is changed with a decrease in the number of struck strings, so that the timbre is slightly changed.
[0004]
By the way, in a general electronic musical instrument, a musical tone is created by accessing waveform data of each sound based on a MIDI signal or the like. However, a resonance effect when the loud pedal is depressed and a tone change when the shift pedal is depressed are not reproduced. Further, there is a filter which changes the characteristics of the filter in accordance with the pedal operation signal to approximate the sound color of an acoustic piano, but does not reproduce the resonance or change in the sound color associated with the pedal operation.
[0005]
On the other hand, there has been developed an electronic musical instrument that mutes a struck string, collects and records reverberation, and reproduces the recorded sound by a loud pedal operation signal, and outputs the recorded sound superimposed on a normal keying reproduction sound. (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-98294, etc.). For this type of electronic musical instrument, sound Sound can be added.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the above-described conventional reverberation-added electronic musical instrument has the following problems.
{Circle around (1)} Even if the strings are muted, the longitudinal vibration (vibration in the string direction) remains, so that the recorded reverberation sound is affected by the longitudinal vibration. Therefore, even if such a reverberation sound is mixed with a reproduction sound of a normal string, the reverberation sound of an acoustic piano will be different.
[0007]
(2) When there are a plurality of sounds, the reverberation is simply added for each sound, but the reverberation of an acoustic piano does not increase in proportion to the number of sounds. From this point, the conventional device reproduces the reverberation sound when producing multiple sounds. sex There was a problem about.
[0008]
{Circle around (3)} Since the reverberation sound is simply added to the sound of the striking string, the volume changes if there is a pedal operation signal. If so, an unnatural volume change occurs.
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has as its object to provide an electronic musical instrument capable of reproducing the reverberation sound of a keyboard instrument such as an acoustic piano with high fidelity.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problem, in the invention according to claim 1, a first musical tone waveform when a key is depressed without depressing a pedal of a keyboard instrument and a second tone waveform when a key is depressed by depressing the pedal. A memory for storing musical tone waveforms, and read from the memory First, second Musical sound waveform In response to the Music signal forming means for forming a music signal; Forming a tone signal by the tone signal forming means inside, The pedal is released from being depressed, A pedal operation signal indicating presence or absence of operation of the pedal is off Was pronounced immediately before One Search for a channel, and search for the channel corresponding to the key code for that channel. One Musical sound waveform only From the memory, Only one tone that is pronounced using the channel With the first musical tone waveform read out Is pronounced using the channel Crossfade processing with the second musical sound waveform in a predetermined switching period On the other hand, if the pedal is depressed and the pedal operation signal is turned on during the formation of the tone signal by the tone signal forming means, one channel that has been sounded immediately before is searched for, and the key code of the channel is searched for. Only the corresponding second musical tone waveform is read out from the memory, and only one musical tone that is produced using the channel is reproduced using the read second musical tone waveform and the corresponding channel. Cross-fade processing with the first musical tone waveform during a predetermined switching period And a cross-fade means.
[0010]
Further, in the invention described in claim 2, the crossfade means includes: Said With the first musical sound waveform Said It is characterized in that the synthesized sound volume with the second musical sound waveform is controlled so as to match the envelope when the musical sound waveform is not switched.
[0011]
In the invention according to claim 3, The cross-fade means includes, for the one of the first and second tone waveforms, the one of which sequentially increases the volume by cross-fade processing, using the other tone signal to generate a tone signal by the tone signal forming means. The reading of the musical tone waveform is started from the address corresponding to the point in time after the key-on for the period from the start of the formation to the turning on or off of the pedal operation signal. It is characterized by the following.
[0012]
According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the key depression waveform when the key is depressed without depressing the pedal of the keyboard instrument is stored, and the key depression waveform is subtracted from the tone waveform when the key is depressed by depressing the pedal. A memory for storing a resonance tone waveform, a key depression waveform read out from the memory, a tone signal forming means for forming a tone signal in accordance with the resonance tone waveform, and the key depression waveform in response to a key depression signal indicating a key depression. And reading means for reading out the resonance waveform based on a pedal-on signal indicating that the pedal is depressed, and when the resonance waveform is read out for a plurality of key presses, each resonance is read out in accordance with a predetermined ratio. Resonance waveform volume control means for reducing and controlling the volume of the waveform.
[0013]
[Action]
According to the first aspect of the present invention, the second musical tone waveform has a waveform including both a striking sound and a resonance tone, and is read out based on the pedal operation signal, and the first musical tone waveform (pedal) Since the crossfade process is performed when the second musical sound waveform is switched between the stringing sound in which the sound is not operated and the second musical sound waveform, a resonance signal is generated in accordance with the pedal operation of the natural musical instrument.
[0014]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, the sound volume during the cross-fade processing is controlled so as to match the envelope when the waveform switching is not performed, so that the sound switching accompanying the waveform switching becomes smooth.
[0015]
In the invention according to claim 3, Of the first and second musical sound waveforms, one of the musical sound waveforms of which the volume is sequentially increased by the cross-fade processing is operated after the tone signal is formed by the tone signal forming means using the other tone signal. The reading of the musical tone waveform is started from the address corresponding to the point in time after the key-on for the period until the signal is turned on or off. Therefore, it is possible to form a musical tone signal corresponding to the lapse of time from the key depression of the natural musical instrument.
[0016]
According to the fourth aspect of the invention, a resonance sound waveform corresponding to only the resonance sound is stored, read out in response to the pedal operation signal, and added to the key depression waveform. Moreover,
Since the sound volume is controlled according to the number of resonance waveforms to be added, a resonance sound similar to that of a natural musical instrument can be obtained when a resonance sound is added to a plurality of key depression waveforms.
[0017]
【Example】
A: First embodiment
(Configuration of First Embodiment)
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. This embodiment is an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a silencing piano in which a silencing mechanism that does not hit a string even when a key is pressed is incorporated in a grand piano. Further, as a piano incorporating a sound deadening mechanism, for example, the present applicant has proposed Japanese Patent Application Nos. 4-279470 and 5-157934 (both are not disclosed). Among them, Japanese Patent Application No. 5-157934 has a stopper for preventing the rotation of the hammer, and this stopper can be moved between a position for preventing the rotation of the hammer and a position for preventing the rotation of the hammer. It is shown that the stopper is electrically moved using a drive motor or the like that operates accordingly.
[0018]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the first embodiment. In this figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a keyboard, which is composed of a plurality of keys, a hammer action mechanism, various sensors and the like. FIG. 2 is a schematic side view showing the key 1b in the keyboard section 1. As shown in FIG. 2, a plate-shaped shutter KS is provided below the key 1b. A key sensor KSE is provided on the upper surface of the shelf 1c facing the shutter KS. The key sensor KSE is provided with a photo interrupter at a predetermined distance in the vertical direction (not shown). When the key 1b is pressed, the upper photo interrupter is first shielded from light, and then the lower photo interrupter is shielded from light. . Conversely, at the time of key release, the lower photointerrupter is first in the light receiving state, and then the upper photointerrupter is in the light receiving state. At the time of key depression, the key-on signal KON is output when the photointerrupter below the key sensor KSE is shielded from light, and the time from when the upper photointerrupter is shielded to when the lower photointerrupter is shielded from light. The key velocity KV is detected. On the other hand, at the time of key release, the key-off signal KOF is output when the upper photo interrupter is in the light receiving state.
[0019]
In both key-on and key-off, a key code KC indicating which key has been operated is output. Further, in the figure, SOL is a solenoid coil for driving the key 1b, and is configured such that when the plunger protrudes, the key 1b is in a pressed state.
[0020]
Next, 2 shown in FIG. 1 is a CPU that controls each unit of the apparatus, and operates based on a program stored in the ROM 3. Various data are temporarily stored in the RAM 4 by the CPU 2 and performance data for automatic performance is appropriately stored. The pedal sensor 5 detects the state of the pedal of the grand piano. The pedal sensor 5 outputs a signal LON indicating ON (depressing) of the loud pedal, a signal LOF indicating OFF (release) of the pedal, and also outputs ON of the shift pedal. And outputs a signal SON indicating that the pedal is off and a signal SOF indicating that the pedal is off.
[0021]
The solenoid drive section 6 is a circuit for driving the solenoid SOL under the control of the CPU 2, and the operation section 7 has a plurality of switches for instructing the CPU 2 to perform various operations. In this case, the operation unit 7 is provided with a mute switch (not shown) for instructing a mute performance. The MIDI interface 8 is a circuit for transmitting and receiving MIDI signals to and from an external device.
[0022]
The tone signal generator 10 is a circuit that generates various tone signals under the control of the CPU 2, and reads out waveform data from the waveform memory 11 to form tone signals. The waveform memory 11 has scale-specific waveform memories 11-1 to 11-n for storing a waveform for each scale of a piano. The reason why the waveform is stored for each scale is that the sound of the piano is strictly different strictly for each scale, and is reproduced faithfully.
[0023]
Here, four kinds of waveform data are stored in the scale-specific waveform memories 11-1 to 11-n. Hereinafter, each waveform data will be described.
(1) Waveform data a
This is waveform data containing a musical tone when a key is depressed without depressing either the shift pedal or the loud pedal of the grand piano, and is conventionally used waveform data.
[0024]
(2) Waveform data b
This is waveform data in which a musical tone when a loud pedal is depressed and a key is depressed is recorded, and is a waveform data in which a sound of a string corresponding to the key depression and a resonance sound of another string are recorded together.
[0025]
(3) Waveform data c
This is waveform data containing a musical sound when a shift pedal is depressed and a key is pressed. Generally, in a piano, a plurality of strings are stretched for one key, and when the shift pedal is depressed, the entire hammer action mechanism shifts in the width direction of the piano and the number of strings struck is reduced. Although not reduced, the strings that are not struck among the plurality of strings corresponding to the pressed keys also sound due to resonance. The waveform data c is data obtained by simultaneously recording both the resonance of the unstruck string and the sound of the struck string.
[0026]
(4) Waveform data d
This is waveform data obtained when a loud pedal and a shift pedal are simultaneously depressed and a key is pressed.
[0027]
The tone signal generator 10 shown in FIG. 1 generates a tone signal by appropriately selecting each of the waveform data under the control of the CPU 2. The tone signal generator 10 has a plurality of tone channels. Simultaneous sound generation is possible by time division multiplex processing. The tone signal generated by the tone signal generator 10 is supplied to the sound system SS. The sound system SS amplifies the supplied musical tone signal, performs a filtering process or the like, and supplies it to the speaker SP or the headphones HH.
[0028]
(Operation of First Embodiment)
(B) Normal performance
Next, the operation of this embodiment with the above configuration will be described.
When the normal performance is designated by a predetermined switch in the operation unit 7, the muffling mechanism is released, and in this embodiment, a string is hit in accordance with a key depression as in a normal grand piano. If a pedal operation is performed, a mechanism corresponding to the pedal operation is operated, and a predetermined effect is achieved.
[0029]
(B) Silence performance
On the other hand, when a mute switch is designated by the mute switch in the operation unit 7, the sound muting mechanism is operated and the string is not struck, and the musical sound signal generating unit 10 is operated to electronically generate a musical sound signal.
[0030]
The tone signal forming process will be described below. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the operation of the main routine of this embodiment. First, an initial setting process is performed in step SPa1. In the initial setting process, initial values of various registers and the like are set.
[0031]
Next, in step SPa2, it is determined whether the loud pedal or the shift pedal has been operated based on the output signal of the pedal sensor 5, and a process corresponding to the determination is performed. Then, in step SPa3, it is detected whether or not a key operation has been performed based on the output signal of the keyboard unit 1, and a tone generation process according to the operation is performed. Next, when the process proceeds to step SPa4, other processes are performed. For example, the state of each operation element of the operation unit 7 is detected, and processing according to the operation is performed. Thereafter, the processing of steps SPa1 to SPa4 is circulated.
[0032]
Next, the pedal event process will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. First, in step SPb1, it is determined whether a pedal operation has been performed. The process in step SPb1 is “YES” when the pedal sensor 5 outputs any of the signals LON, LOF, SON, and SOF, and “NO” when none of the signals is output. That is, if the loud pedal or the shift pedal is turned on / off, “YES” is set. If this determination is "NO", the process immediately returns to the main routine, and if "YES", the process proceeds to step SPb2.
[0033]
In step SPb2, it is determined whether the operated pedal is a loud pedal or a shift pedal. If it is a loud pedal, it is determined in step SPb3 whether or not the pedal has been turned on. If the determination in step SPb3 is "NO", the process proceeds to step SPb5 via step SPb4, writes the current time (off time) to the register LFT, and sets the flag LF indicating the on / off state of the shift pedal to 0. Returning, if the determination in step SPb3 is "YES", the process proceeds to step SPb7 via step SPb6, writes the current time (ON time) to the register LFT, sets the flag LF to 1, and returns. The processing of steps SPb4 and SPb6 will be described later.
[0034]
On the other hand, if the shift pedal has been operated, the process proceeds from step SPb2 to step SPb8, and it is determined whether the shift pedal has been turned on. If the determination in step SPb8 is "YES", the flow advances to step SPb9 to write the current time (ON time) into the register SFT, set the flag SF indicating the ON / OFF state of the shift pedal to 0, and return. If the determination in step SPb8 is "NO", the process proceeds to step SPb10 to write the current time (off time) into the register SFT, set the flag SF to 0, and return.
[0035]
By the way, when both the loud pedal and the shift pedal are turned on, either the flag LF or SF becomes 1 in the pedal event processing at that time, and the other flag becomes 1 in the next pedal event processing. Become. In this way, both the flags LF and SF are set to 1 after one circulation time difference in the main routine, so that the ON states of both pedals are detected substantially simultaneously.
[0036]
Next, the key event processing will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. First, in step SPc1, the presence or absence of an event is detected. That is, based on the output signal of the keyboard unit 1, it is detected whether or not any key has changed from on to off or from off to on. If this determination is “NO”, the process immediately returns to the main routine. If “YES”, the process proceeds to step SPc2 to determine whether or not the key is on.
[0037]
If this determination is "NO", it means that the key-off signal KOF has been output, and therefore, among the sounding channels, the one that is sounding the key code related to key-off is rapidly dumped (step SPc3). After the processing in step SPc3, the process returns to the main routine.
[0038]
If the determination in step SPc2 is "YES", that is, if the key is on, it is determined whether or not the loud pedal has been turned on before or almost simultaneously with the key-on (step SPc4). This determination is made based on the flag LF as to whether or not the switch is ON, and based on the time (ON time) in the register LFT as to whether or not the switch is approximately or simultaneously. Here, the “substantially the same time” refers to a period from about 5 msec to about 10 msec after the key is pressed. This is because when a player attempts to apply the effect of the loud pedal to key depression, the player may depress the key simultaneously with the key depression. However, even if the player intends to depress substantially simultaneously, the delay is often about 5 msec to 10 msec from the key depression. Because there is. In this embodiment, the above-mentioned time difference is set in order to allow such a discriminative range of the human operation.
[0039]
If the determination in step SPc4 is "NO", that is, if the loud pedal has not been turned on, the process proceeds to step SPc5, and it is determined whether the shift pedal has been turned on first or substantially simultaneously. The meaning of “substantially simultaneous” in this step is the same as that in step SPc4 (the same meaning is used in the following steps). If this determination is "NO", it means that neither the loud pedal nor the shift pedal is turned on, the process proceeds to step SPc6, and the scale-specific waveform memory 11-i (i is the same as the key code KC of the key turned on). Select the waveform data a in 1-n). Then, an instruction is given to a vacant channel in the tone signal generator 10 to form a tone signal using the waveform data a. As a result, a piano sound when the pedal is not depressed is generated from the speaker SP or the headphones HH.
[0040]
If the determination in step SPc5 is "YES", the process proceeds to step SPc7, where the waveform data c in the scale-specific waveform memory 11-i (i is 1 to n) corresponding to the key code KC of the key that is turned on. Select Then, an instruction to form a tone signal based on the waveform data c is given to an empty channel in the tone signal generator 10. As a result, a piano sound when the shift pedal is depressed is generated from the speaker SP or the headphones HH.
[0041]
On the other hand, if the determination in step SPc4 is “YES”, the flow proceeds to step SPc8. This determination is the same as step SPc5. If the determination in step SPc8 is "NO", it means that only the loud pedal has been turned on, and the process proceeds to step SPc9, where the scale-specific waveform memory 11-i (i is Select the waveform data b in 1) to n). Then, an instruction is given to a vacant channel in the tone signal generator 10 to form a tone signal using the waveform data b. As a result, a piano sound (a sound to which a resonance sound is added) when the loud pedal is depressed is generated from the speaker SP or the headphones HH.
[0042]
If the determination in step SPc8 is "YES", it means that both the loud pedal and the shift pedal are on, and the process proceeds to step SPc10, in which the scale-specific waveform memory 11 corresponding to the key code KC of the key that has been turned on. -Select the waveform data d in i (i is 1 to n). Then, an instruction is given to a free channel in the tone signal generator 10 to form a tone signal based on the waveform data d. As a result, from the speaker SP or the headphones HH, a piano sound (a sound when a resonance sound is added and the hammer action mechanism is shifted) is generated when the loud pedal and the shift pedal are depressed. As described above, a waveform corresponding to the operation of the pedal is selected, and a corresponding musical tone is formed.
[0043]
Next, a case where the loud pedal is turned on or off after a key is pressed will be described. First, when the loud pedal is turned off, in the above-described pedal event processing (see FIG. 4), step SP b3 Is "NO", and the process of step SPb4 is performed. In this step, a search is made for the channel that has been sounded immediately before, the sound of that channel is gradually attenuated, and the waveform data a in the scale-specific waveform memory corresponding to the key code of the channel is selected, and this is selected as an empty channel. Is instructed to increase the sound sequentially. In other words, an instruction is given to change the waveform data from b to a, and to perform a crossfade during the change.
[0044]
Here, this processing will be described with reference to FIG. First, in the state shown in FIG. ₀ , A musical tone is formed using the waveform data b. Here, time t ₁ Assuming that the loud pedal is turned off, the magnitude of the tone signal is gradually reduced as shown in the figure for the channel for which the tone was formed by the waveform data b. On the other hand, the tone generated by the waveform data a is assigned to an empty channel, and the magnitude of the tone signal by this channel is set at time t ₁ Gradually increase from. In this case, the crossfade period T ₂ Is controlled so that the sum of the envelopes of the two channels is as shown by the broken line in FIG.
[0045]
In this case, when the waveform data is composed of all of the key depression waveforms, that is, the waveform from the key-on to the release (so-called all memory), the waveform data a has passed the period T1 from the key-on. Wave from address at the time Shape Data to be read. By doing so, it is possible to make the tone very close to the tone of the natural musical instrument.
[0046]
On the other hand, if the waveform data has an attack part and a loop part and is configured to repeatedly read the loop part after reading the attack part, the time t ₁ From the loop part of the waveform data a. By performing the above processing, immediately after the loud pedal is depressed and the key is depressed, the same tone generation as when the loud pedal is released is performed.
[0047]
On the other hand, if the loud pedal is turned on after the key is pressed, the determination in step SPb3 shown in FIG. 4 is “YES”, and the processing in step SPb6 is performed. This process is the same as the above-described process of step SPb4, and searches for the channel that has been sounded immediately before, gradually attenuates the sound of that channel, and stores the waveform in the scale-specific waveform memory corresponding to the key code of the channel. An instruction is made to select data b and sound it so that it is sequentially increased to empty channels. That is, the waveform data a From b And an operation to crossfade during the change is instructed.
[0048]
Here, the selection of the waveform data in the above-described operation is shown in Table 1.
[Table 1]

[0049]
(C) Automatic performance
The automatic performance is performed based on the event data in the RAM 4. In the RAM 4, event data created based on output signals of the keyboard unit 1 and the pedal sensor 5 or event data created based on a MIDI signal supplied from an external device to the MIDI interface 8 is stored in advance. You.
[0050]
In the automatic performance according to the present embodiment, in a normal performance of striking a string, the solenoid SOL is driven in accordance with event data read from the RAM 4 in the same manner as in the conventional apparatus, thereby striking a string.
[0051]
On the other hand, in the silence performance, the solenoid SOL is driven according to the event data in the RAM 4, but the string is not struck and the tone signal generation unit 10 forms a tone. At this time, waveform data a to d are appropriately selected according to the pedal event, and a tone signal corresponding to these waveforms is formed. The same applies to the case where the silence performance is performed by the MIDI signal supplied from the outside. In this case, the above-described waveform data is selected based on the control signal indicating the operation of the pedal in the MIDI signal. The performance can be performed in real time by an externally supplied MIDI signal.
[0052]
B: Second embodiment
(Configuration of Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. The second embodiment is different from the above-described first embodiment in the waveform data stored in the waveform memory 11 and how to select these waveform data. In other respects, the configuration is the same.
[0053]
The waveforms stored in the scale-specific waveform memories 11-1 to 11-n in this embodiment are waveform data a and c and waveform data e as shown in FIG. The waveform data e is waveform data obtained by subtracting the loop portion of the waveform data a from the loop portion of the waveform data b. That is, the waveform data is obtained by extracting only the resonance sound from the sound struck by pressing the loud pedal. For example, there are the following two methods for creating the waveform data e.
[0054]
{Circle around (1)} With respect to both the striking sound when the loud pedal is not depressed and the striking sound when the loud pedal is depressed, harmonics included in these are extracted. Then, the phase and the pitch of each of the extracted harmonic waveforms are adjusted, and subtraction is performed for each harmonic. By synthesizing the waveform for each overtone obtained by this subtraction, waveform data of only the resonance sound is obtained.
[0055]
{Circle around (2)} Using a fast Fourier transformer, analyze both the stringing sound when the loud pedal is not depressed and the stringing sound when the loud pedal is depressed. In this case, since the analysis result of the fast Fourier transformer is represented by a complex number for each frequency component, the amplitude and phase (tan) for each frequency component ^-1 (Imaginary part / real part)). Next, the spectrum obtained by the analysis of the fast Fourier transformer is subtracted for each frequency component. For example, assuming that the spectra of the striking sound when the loud pedal is not depressed and the striking sound when the loud pedal is depressed are obtained as shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the spectra shown in FIG. A spectrum is obtained by subtracting the spectrum of (b).
[0056]
Then, a sine wave having the amplitude of each frequency component obtained by the subtraction and the phase obtained as a result of the Fourier analysis is generated and synthesized. As a circuit for performing such sine wave synthesis, for example, there is a circuit shown in FIG. In the figure, SWG1 to SWGk are sine wave generators, respectively, which generate sine waves SIN1 to SINk according to a designated frequency F, amplitude (level) L, and phase θ. These sine waves SIN1 to SINk are combined by an adder SUM to form a waveform WAVE. This waveform WAVE is a waveform of only the resonance sound. Note that a frequency spectrum may be obtained only for harmonics, and a sine wave having a harmonic relation may be synthesized.
The waveform of only the resonance sound obtained as in the above (1) or (2) is digitized by PCM or ADPCM and stored as waveform data e.
[0057]
(Operation of the Second Embodiment)
Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.
First, the main routine is as shown in FIG. 3 as in the first embodiment. The pedal event is as shown in FIG. The steps shown in FIG. 10 are the same as the subroutine processing shown in FIG. 4 except for the processing of steps SPd4 and SPd6. The processing contents of steps SPd4 and SPd6 will be described later.
[0058]
Next, FIG. 11 shows a subroutine of key event processing in this embodiment. Each step shown in FIG. 11 is substantially the same as the process of the same number in the subroutine shown in FIG. 5, but the method of selecting the waveform data is different. First, when only the key-on signal KON is detected without depressing the pedal, the waveform a is selected in step SPe6 in the same manner as in the above-described embodiment, but when the loud pedal signal is detected first or almost simultaneously, step SPe6 is performed. In SPe9, the waveform data a and the waveform data e are selected. As a result, the empty channel in the tone signal generator 10 forms a tone based on a waveform obtained by synthesizing a waveform due to striking and a waveform due to reverberation.
[0059]
If the shift pedal signal is detected earlier or substantially simultaneously, the process proceeds to step SPe7, where the waveform data c is selected. If both the loud pedal and the shift pedal are detected, the waveform data c and the waveform data are determined in step SPe10. e is selected.
[0060]
Next, a case where the ON signal LON of the loud pedal is detected with a slight delay after the detection of the key-on signal KON will be described.
In this case, the process proceeds to SPd6 through steps SPd1, SPd2, SPd3, and so on shown in FIG. Then, when such a channel is detected, the sound is generated with the waveform data e added from that point. However, the loop portion of the waveform data e is read out, and the level of the tone signal is set to a size corresponding to the immediately preceding envelope. That is, the level of the waveform data e is slightly lowered and added. Thus, when the loud pedal is depressed after the key is pressed, it is possible to imitate that the volume of the resonance sound becomes lower than when the loud pedal is depressed substantially simultaneously with or before the key is pressed. Further, by setting the level of the waveform data e to a magnitude corresponding to the immediately preceding envelope, it is possible to generate a resonance sound having a level corresponding to the level of the musical sound being generated.
[0061]
At this time, the channel is sounding by the waveform data a (key pressed when the shift pedal is not depressed), and is sounding by the waveform data c (the shift pedal is depressed). The above processing is performed in any case. However, when the waveform data e is added to all the corresponding channels, the resonance tone increases in accordance with the number of key presses. Therefore, in order to eliminate this unnaturalness, the tone signal generator 10 lowers the level of the waveform data e as the number of key presses increases, as shown in FIG.
[0062]
On the other hand, if the loud pedal signal is turned off after the key is pressed, the process proceeds to SPd4 through steps SPd1, SPd2, SPd3, and so on shown in FIG. 10, and searches for the channel that was sounded immediately before. Then, when such a channel is detected, the waveform data e added up to that point is stopped, and sound is generated only by the original waveform data, that is, the waveform data a or the waveform data c.
Here, Table 2 shows an example of selecting waveform data in the above-described operation.
[0063]
[Table 2]

Although the automatic performance is possible in this embodiment, the operation is the same as that of the first embodiment.
[0064]
D: Example effect
{Circle around (1)} In the silenced piano, since the normal performance and the silenced performance can be switched as appropriate, it is easy to compare the difference in tone between the two. In the example, since the resonance sound is added electronically, the timbre difference based on the pedal operation can be almost eliminated.
[0065]
{Circle over (2)} When listening to the recorded performance of the user with headphones or the like, the resonance sound based on the pedal operation is also reproduced, so that the effect on the performance can be confirmed. It is also suitable for pedal operation practice.
[0066]
E: Modified example
{Circle around (1)} In each of the above embodiments, each scale has a scale-specific waveform memory. However, one scale memory may be provided for about three scales. In this case, by reading the waveform data from the commonly used waveform memory at a speed corresponding to the scale, it is sufficient to correspond to the frequency of the scale. With such a configuration, the number of memories can be reduced.
[0067]
(2) Each of the above embodiments is an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a silencer piano. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and can be applied to an electronic musical instrument without a hammer mechanism.
[0068]
{Circle around (3)} The present invention can also be applied to keyboard instruments such as upright pianos and harpsichords.
[0069]
{Circle around (4)} Resonance waveform data corresponding to a touch of a key press may be prepared, and a selection may be made according to the key velocity KV. In order to save the waveform memory, an envelope control corresponding to a touch of a key pressed or a timbre control by a filtering process may be performed.
[0070]
(5) In the second embodiment, the waveform of the resonance sound generated when the loud pedal is depressed before the key is depressed and when the loud pedal is depressed after the key is depressed is not distinguished. You may make it. In this case, the waveform memory 11 of the second embodiment stores the waveform data e 'of only the resonance sound when the loud pedal is depressed after the key is pressed in the same manner as the waveform data e. Is pressed, and when the loud pedal is depressed and the shift pedal is depressed first after the key is depressed, a tone signal may be generated using the waveform data e ′.
[0071]
{Circle around (6)} In steps SPd4 and SPd6 or SPb4 and SPb6, it is shown that the processing is performed for the channel that has been sounded immediately before. This means processing for all channels that are sounding at the timing. That is, if a plurality of channels are sounding, the processing is performed for all of them. Further, even when the sound is being generated, if the envelope is small, the processing may not be performed.
[0072]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the reverberation sound of a keyboard instrument such as an acoustic piano can be reproduced with high fidelity.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a side view showing a structure near a key in the embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a main routine of the embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing pedal event processing of the embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a key event process of the embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a waveform chart showing cross-fade processing in the embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a frequency spectrum showing a method of creating a resonance waveform in the embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing an example of a resonance waveform generating circuit in the embodiment.
FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a pedal event process of the embodiment.
FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a key event process of the embodiment.
FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a relationship between the number of added resonance tones and the level thereof in the embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
10... Tone signal generator (tone signal forming means: reading means: crossfade means: resonance waveform volume control means), 11... Waveform memory, a... Waveform data (first tone waveform: depressed waveform), b... waveform data (second musical tone waveform), e... waveform data (resonant acoustic waveform).

Claims (3)

A memory for storing a first musical tone waveform when the key is depressed without depressing the pedal of the keyboard instrument and a second musical tone waveform when the key is depressed and depressed;
Tone signal forming means for forming a tone signal according to first and second tone waveforms read from the memory;
During the formation of the tone signal by the tone signal forming means , when the pedal is released from being depressed and the pedal operation signal indicating the presence or absence of the operation of the pedal is turned off , one channel that has been sounded immediately before And reads out only the first musical tone waveform corresponding to the key code of the channel from the memory. Only one musical tone that is sounded using the channel is read out from the first musical tone waveform. While performing a cross-fade process on the second musical sound waveform generated using the channel in a predetermined switching period ,
If the pedal is depressed and the pedal operation signal is turned on during the formation of the musical tone signal by the musical tone signal forming means, one channel that has been sounded immediately before is searched for, and the key code corresponding to the channel corresponding to that channel is searched. Only the second musical tone waveform is read out from the memory, and only one musical tone generated using the channel is read out using the read second musical tone waveform and the second musical tone generated using the channel. An electronic musical instrument comprising: a cross-fade means for performing a cross-fade process on the musical tone waveform in a predetermined switching period . Said cross fade means, the synthetic sound of the first tone waveform and the second musical sound waveform of claim 1, wherein the controller controls to match the envelope when no switching tone waveform Electronic musical instruments. The cross-fade means includes, for the one of the first and second tone waveforms, the one of which sequentially increases the volume by cross-fade processing, using the other tone signal to generate a tone signal by the tone signal forming means. 3. The reading of a musical tone waveform is started from an address corresponding to a point in time after the key-on has elapsed from the start of the formation until the pedal operation signal is turned on or off. Electronic musical instrument.

Images