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JP3570835B2 - Method for producing alkyl lithium - Google Patents
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JP3570835B2 - Method for producing alkyl lithium - Google Patents

Method for producing alkyl lithium Download PDF

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JP3570835B2
JP3570835B2 JP34579596A JP34579596A JP3570835B2 JP 3570835 B2 JP3570835 B2 JP 3570835B2 JP 34579596 A JP34579596 A JP 34579596A JP 34579596 A JP34579596 A JP 34579596A JP 3570835 B2 JP3570835 B2 JP 3570835B2
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Prior art keywords
lithium
metal
alkyl
metallic lithium
alkyl lithium
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JP34579596A
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JPH10182658A (en
Inventor
徹也 岩尾
清 山村
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Mitsui Chemicals Inc
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Mitsui Chemicals Inc
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は有機合成試薬として有用なアルキルリチウムの製造に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
不活性ガス雰囲気下、炭化水素溶媒中に懸濁分散した微粉の金属リチウムにハロゲン化アルキルを反応させることにより、アルキルリチウムを合成する方法がKenneth C.EberlyによるUS−3122592に開示されている。この特許の記載において、微粉金属リチウムはつぎのようにして得ている。即ち、金属リチウムをアルゴン雰囲気下で石油溶媒中において加熱溶融させ、高速攪拌により分散した後、冷却し微粉化する。本発明者らはこの特許の記載を追試したが金属リチウムは昇温時、攪拌分散時、冷却時、合わせて少なくとも25分間は溶融状態にあることが判明した。そして、得られた微粒子金属リチウムは窒素を1000ppm程度含有することを確認した。なお、市販で入手できるアルゴンには窒素が5ppm程度必ず含まれている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、上記の方法でアルキルリチウムを合成すると、アルキルリチウムと等モルの塩化リチウムが副生するが、この塩化リチウムを濾別除去する工程において以外と長時間を要し、このため生産性が低い。また金属リチウムは高価でもあり、収率もより一層向上させる必要がある。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するため鋭意研究を行い、高速攪拌機を用いて分散し微粉リチウムを得る際、アルゴン中に含まれている窒素によりLiNが生成し微粉リチウムに含有されること。また、その窒化反応は金属リチウムが溶融している間だけ特に急速に進行することを確認した。そして、その窒素を500ppm以下にすれば、副生する塩化リチウムを濾別する濾過速度が驚くほど向上する事実を発見し、本発明を完成するに至った。すなわち、本発明のアルキルリチウムの製造方法は、金属リチウムとハロゲン化アルキルからアルキルリチウムを製造する方法において、窒素の含有量が500ppm以下である金属リチウムを用いることを特徴とするものである。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明についてさらに詳細に説明する。本発明でいうハロゲン化アルキルのアルキル基はメチル、エチル、プロピル、n−ブチル、i−ブチル、Ph−基であり、ハロゲンとしてはCl、Brがあげられる。また反応溶媒は反応に不活性なトルエン等の芳香族炭化水素、ノルマルヘキサン、ノルマルヘプタン、シクロヘキサン等の飽和炭化水素を使用する。反応器はアルゴンで置換してアルゴン雰囲気で反応を行う。
【0006】
金属リチウムは純粋でもよいが、ナトリウムが0.1〜3wt%含有されたものを使用してもよい。金属リチウムは反応に先立って微粉化する。微粉にするには高速攪拌機やホモミキサー等を用いるが、微粉化した金属リチウム中の窒素含有量を500pp以下とすることが本願発明の特徴である。そのためには、ホモミキサーを用いて不活性溶媒中に溶融分散し微粉金属リチウムを得る際、金属リチウムの溶融開始から分散後冷却固化までの金属リチウムが溶融している時間を16分間以内に終了する必要がある。金属リチウムの分散はアルゴンガス雰囲気下で行われなければならない。低温においてはアルゴンガスによる置換が不十分であっても金属リチウムの窒化は殆ど進行しないが、しかし高温においては窒化は加速される。また金属リチウムが溶融すると急速に窒化反応が進行する。
【0007】
不活性溶媒の沸点は金属リチウムの融点以上のものを使用する。例えば沸点が200〜300℃の潤滑油が好適に用いられる。高速攪拌機としては、1000〜30000rpm程度の高速回転の出来るタービン攪拌機やホモミキサー等が用いられる。ホモミキサーはステーター内のタービン翼を高速回転させることによりポンプのように絶えず金属リチウムを底部から吸い上げ、槽内を循環攪拌する仕組みで、ステーターとタービンの間隙(0.3〜0.5mm)で生じる強力な剪断力、衝撃、乱流により均質で微細な金属リチウムに分散する。不活性溶媒に対する金属リチウムの仕込み重量比率は0.02〜0.03程度が好適であり、0.02以下であれば尚均一に微粉化し易いが処理量的に希薄過ぎて不経済である。
【0008】
以上のように本願発明の特徴は金属リチウムの微粉化工程を16分間以下の短時間で行うことにより、即ち、金属リチウムが溶融している時間を16分間以下に抑えることにより、その窒素含有量を500ppm以下にすることが出来、この金属リチウムを使用してアルキルリチウムを合成することにある。分散後冷却して生成した微粉金属リチウムは不活性溶媒中で長期に保存が可能であり、アルキルリチウムの合成においてはそのまま使用しても良いが、不活性溶媒を除去する場合には沸点の低い、例えばノルマルヘキサン等の不活性溶媒を使用した抽出操作によれば良い。
【0009】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例によってさらに具体的に説明する。
【0010】
実施例1
完全に乾燥した容量500ミリリットルのガラス製四つ口丸底フラスコに攪拌機と還流コンデンサーをセットし、アルゴンガスで系内を置換する。また、乾燥した滴下ロートにノルマルブチルクロライド101.84g(1.101mol)を入れ、フラスコにセットする。フラスコにはホモミキサーで分散した窒素含有量160ppmの金属リチウムを16.81g(2.422mol)仕込む。次に脱水したノルマルヘキサン200ミリリットルを入れる。室温で攪拌しながらノルマルブチルクロライドを十数滴加え反応開始を待つ。内温が上昇し始めたら滴下を再開し、全量を30〜40分間で滴下する。
【0011】
室温まで冷却後、ガラスフィルターG4で濾過し、ガラスフィルター上の残渣(塩化リチウム)を新品のノルマルヘキサン数十ミリリットルで洗浄する。濾液は無色透明で239.6gを得た。溶液中にはノルマルブチルリチウムとして65.16g含まれていた。濾過に要した時間および合成収率を表1に示す。
【0012】
実施例2、3、4、比較例1
実施例1と同様の操作において、金属リチウム中の窒素含有量と濾過時間およびノルマルブチルリチウムの合成収率との関係を比較した結果を表1に示す。
【0013】
【表1】

Figure 0003570835
【0014】
【発明の効果】
本発明の方法によればハロゲン化アルキルと金属リチウムよりアルキルリチウムを製造する方法において、副生する塩化リチウムの濾別において濾過速度を飛躍的に早めることが出来ると共に、合成収率をも向上させることが出来る。[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to the production of alkyllithiums useful as organic synthesis reagents.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A method for synthesizing alkyllithium by reacting an alkyl halide with metal lithium in fine powder suspended and dispersed in a hydrocarbon solvent in an inert gas atmosphere is described in Kenneth C. et al. It is disclosed in US-3122592 by Eberly. In the description of this patent, fine metal lithium is obtained as follows. That is, metallic lithium is heated and melted in a petroleum solvent under an argon atmosphere, dispersed by high-speed stirring, and then cooled and pulverized. The present inventors have repeated the description of this patent, but have found that metallic lithium is in a molten state for at least 25 minutes when heated, stirred and dispersed, and cooled. Then, it was confirmed that the obtained fine particle metal lithium contained about 1000 ppm of nitrogen. Note that commercially available argon always contains about 5 ppm of nitrogen.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when alkyl lithium is synthesized by the above method, lithium chloride in an equimolar amount to the alkyl lithium is produced as a by-product, but it takes a long time except for the step of filtering and removing this lithium chloride, and thus the productivity is low. . Metallic lithium is also expensive, and the yield needs to be further improved.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above problems, and when obtaining fine lithium by dispersing using a high-speed stirrer, Li 3 N is generated by nitrogen contained in argon and contained in fine lithium. That. It was also confirmed that the nitridation reaction proceeded particularly rapidly only while the metallic lithium was molten. And, when the nitrogen was made 500 ppm or less, it was discovered that the filtration speed for filtering off by-produced lithium chloride was surprisingly improved, and the present invention was completed. That is, the method for producing alkyllithium of the present invention is characterized in that, in the method for producing alkyllithium from metal lithium and an alkyl halide, metal lithium having a nitrogen content of 500 ppm or less is used.
[0005]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail. The alkyl group of the halogenated alkyl referred to in the present invention is a methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl or Ph- group, and examples of the halogen include Cl and Br. As a reaction solvent, an aromatic hydrocarbon inert to the reaction, such as toluene, and a saturated hydrocarbon such as normal hexane, normal heptane, and cyclohexane are used. The reactor is replaced with argon and the reaction is performed in an argon atmosphere.
[0006]
The metallic lithium may be pure, but may be one containing 0.1 to 3 wt% of sodium. Metallic lithium is pulverized prior to the reaction. A high-speed stirrer, a homomixer, or the like is used to make the fine powder. Therefore, when melting and dispersing in an inert solvent using a homomixer to obtain fine lithium metal, the time during which the lithium metal is melted from the start of the melting of the lithium metal to the solidification after cooling is completed within 16 minutes. There is a need to. Dispersion of metallic lithium must be performed under an argon gas atmosphere. At low temperatures, even if the replacement with argon gas is insufficient, nitriding of metallic lithium hardly proceeds, but at high temperatures, nitriding is accelerated. When the metallic lithium is melted, the nitriding reaction proceeds rapidly.
[0007]
The boiling point of the inert solvent is higher than the melting point of lithium metal. For example, a lubricating oil having a boiling point of 200 to 300 ° C is preferably used. As the high-speed stirrer, a turbine stirrer, a homomixer, or the like that can rotate at a high speed of about 1,000 to 30,000 rpm is used. The homomixer is a mechanism that constantly sucks up metallic lithium from the bottom like a pump by rotating the turbine blades inside the stator at high speed and circulates and agitates the inside of the tank. Disperses in homogeneous and fine metallic lithium by strong shear force, impact and turbulence generated. The charged weight ratio of metallic lithium to the inert solvent is preferably about 0.02 to 0.03, and if it is 0.02 or less, it is easy to pulverize the powder uniformly, but it is too uneconomical because it is too thin in terms of the throughput.
[0008]
As described above, the feature of the present invention is that by performing the pulverization step of metal lithium in a short time of 16 minutes or less, that is, by suppressing the time during which metal lithium is melted to 16 minutes or less, the nitrogen content is reduced. Can be reduced to 500 ppm or less, and an object of the present invention is to synthesize alkyl lithium using this metallic lithium. The finely divided metal lithium produced by cooling after dispersion can be stored for a long time in an inert solvent, and may be used as it is in the synthesis of alkyl lithium, but has a low boiling point when removing the inert solvent. For example, an extraction operation using an inert solvent such as normal hexane may be used.
[0009]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
[0010]
Example 1
A stirrer and a reflux condenser are set in a completely dried glass four-necked round bottom flask having a capacity of 500 ml, and the inside of the system is replaced with argon gas. Also, 101.84 g (1.101 mol) of normal butyl chloride is placed in the dried dropping funnel and set in a flask. The flask is charged with 16.81 g (2.422 mol) of metallic lithium having a nitrogen content of 160 ppm dispersed by a homomixer. Next, 200 ml of dehydrated normal hexane is added. While stirring at room temperature, tens drops of normal butyl chloride are added and the reaction is started. When the internal temperature starts to increase, the dropping is restarted, and the whole amount is dropped in 30 to 40 minutes.
[0011]
After cooling to room temperature, the mixture is filtered through a glass filter G4, and the residue (lithium chloride) on the glass filter is washed with tens of milliliters of new normal hexane. The filtrate was colorless and transparent, yielding 239.6 g. The solution contained 65.16 g as normal butyl lithium. Table 1 shows the time required for filtration and the synthesis yield.
[0012]
Examples 2, 3, 4 and Comparative Example 1
Table 1 shows the results of comparison between the nitrogen content in metallic lithium, the filtration time, and the synthesis yield of normal butyllithium in the same operation as in Example 1.
[0013]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003570835
[0014]
【The invention's effect】
According to the method of the present invention, in a method for producing alkyl lithium from an alkyl halide and metal lithium, the filtration rate can be drastically increased in the filtration of by-produced lithium chloride, and the synthesis yield is also improved. I can do it.

Claims (1)

金属リチウムとハロゲン化アルキルからアルキルリチウムを製造する方法において、窒素の含有量が500ppm以下である金属リチウムを用いることを特徴とするアルキルリチウムの製造方法。A method for producing an alkyl lithium from a lithium metal and an alkyl halide, wherein the lithium metal having a nitrogen content of 500 ppm or less is used.
JP34579596A 1996-12-25 1996-12-25 Method for producing alkyl lithium Expired - Fee Related JP3570835B2 (en)

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JP3570835B2 true JP3570835B2 (en) 2004-09-29

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB0022016D0 (en) * 2000-09-08 2000-10-25 Aea Technology Plc Chemical process plant
CN101805360B (en) * 2010-05-06 2012-08-22 江西赣锋锂业股份有限公司 Novel synthesis process of lithium alkyl
CN102967500B (en) * 2012-11-11 2015-08-12 李沛轩 Butyl lithium sample solution disposal route to be detected

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