JP3576312B2 - Combustible gas combustion method - Google Patents
Combustible gas combustion method Download PDFInfo
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- JP3576312B2 JP3576312B2 JP11254596A JP11254596A JP3576312B2 JP 3576312 B2 JP3576312 B2 JP 3576312B2 JP 11254596 A JP11254596 A JP 11254596A JP 11254596 A JP11254596 A JP 11254596A JP 3576312 B2 JP3576312 B2 JP 3576312B2
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- oxide
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- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910003445 palladium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- JQPTYAILLJKUCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Pd+2] JQPTYAILLJKUCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 19
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxozirconium;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.[Zr]=O CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CFYGEIAZMVFFDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Nd+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O CFYGEIAZMVFFDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Rh+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium nitrate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000505 Al2TiO5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- IXSUHTFXKKBBJP-UHFFFAOYSA-L azanide;platinum(2+);dinitrite Chemical compound [NH2-].[NH2-].[Pt+2].[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O IXSUHTFXKKBBJP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N propan-2-yl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)C AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium Chemical compound Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- Catalysts (AREA)
- Gas Burners (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は可燃性ガス、例えば一酸化炭素、水素、炭化水素等のガスを燃焼させる方法に関し、特に最も燃焼しにくいメタンを低温から高温の幅広い温度範囲で安定して燃焼させうる触媒燃焼法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来から、メタンなど低級炭化水素ガスを燃料として用い、しかも一般的には燃焼条件範囲とはいえない希釈状態で燃焼反応させて高温のガスを得るための触媒燃焼法は従来より知られている。
【0003】
この従来法における燃焼触媒としては、ハニカム型のコージェライトやムライトなどセラミックスを基材として、この基材にアルミナ、シリカ、チタニア、ジルコニア単独またはこれらの酸化物のうち少なくとも2種以上の酸化物からなる複合酸化物を含有する担体をコートし、活性成分として酸化パラジウムなどを担持させた触媒などが提案されている。また最近では、アルミナ、シリカ、チタニア、ジルコニア単独またはこれらの酸化物のうち、少なくとも2種以上の酸化物からなる複合酸化物を含有する担体に、活性成分として酸化パラジウムなどを担持させた粉末を耐熱基材にコートした触媒を可燃性ガス流路の前段に配置し、またその後段に、アルミナ、シリカ、チタニア、ジルコニア単独またはこれらの酸化物のうち少なくとも2種以上の酸化物からなる複合酸化物及び希土類元素の酸化物を含有する担体に、酸化パラジウム及び酸化マグネシウムなどを耐熱基材にコートした触媒を配置する方法などが提案されている。(特願平4−320452、5−122340、5−122341)
【0004】
さらには、可燃性ガス流路の前段に、アルミナ、シリカ、チタニア、ジルコニアの酸化物のうち少なくとも2種以上の酸化物からなる複合酸化物及び希土類元素の酸化物を含有する担体に、酸化パラジウムを担持させた粉末を耐熱基材にコートした触媒を、またその触媒の後段に、アルミナ、シリカ、チタニア、ジルコニア単独又はこれらの酸化物のうち少なくとも2種以上の酸化物からなる複合酸化物又はこれらの酸化物に希土類元素の酸化物を含有させた担体に、酸化マグネシウム、ジルコニア及び希土類元素の酸化物のうち少なくとも一種以上の酸化物及び酸化パラジウムを担持させた粉末を耐熱基材にコートした触媒を配置する方法などが提案されている。(特願平6−82793)
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上述した可燃性ガスの燃焼法において、可燃性ガス流路の前段に用いられる各種担体に酸化パラジウムを担持させた粉末を耐熱基材にコートした触媒は初期の燃焼活性は優れているが、活性が経時的に低下するという問題点がある。
本発明は上記技術水準に鑑み、低温でも可燃性ガスを燃焼させることができ、しかも安定して酸化燃焼させうる方法を提供するものである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は可燃性ガス流路の前段に、アルミナ、シリカ、チタニア、ジルコニアの酸化物のうち少なくとも2種以上の酸化物からなる複合酸化物及び希土類元素の酸化物を含有する担体に、パラジウム以外の白金族元素及び酸化パラジウムを担持させた粉末を耐熱基材にコートした触媒を、またその触媒の後段に、アルミナ、シリカ、チタニア、ジルコニアの酸化物のうち少なくとも2種以上の酸化物からなる複合酸化物及び希土類元素の酸化物を含有する担体に、酸化マグネシウム、ジルコニア及び希土類元素の酸化物のうち少なくとも一種以上の酸化物及びパラジウム以外の白金族元素及び酸化パラジウムを担持させた粉末を耐熱基材にコートした触媒を配置して可燃性ガスを燃焼させることを特徴とする可燃性ガスの燃焼方法である。
【0007】
本発明でアルミナ、シリカ、チタニア、ジルコニアの酸化物のうち少なくとも2種以上の酸化物からなる複合酸化物及び希土類元素の酸化物を含有した担体に酸化パラジウムを担持する量としては1〜70重量%(触媒粉末全重量基準)、またパラジウム以外の白金族元素を担持する量としては0.1〜20重量%(触媒粉末全重量基準)が好適である。また後段に使用する触媒としては、酸化パラジウム及びパラジウム以外の白金族元素を上記担持量及び酸化マグネシウム、ジルコニア及び希土類元素の酸化物のうち少なくとも一種以上の酸化物を1〜30重量%(触媒粉末全重量基準)担持させた触媒粉末を用いることが好適である。
【0008】
また、担体としては、アルミナ、シリカ、チタニア、ジルコニアの酸化物のうち少なくとも2種以上の酸化物からなる複合酸化物100重量部当たり希土類元素の酸化物を1〜50重量部の範囲で含有させたものが好適である。モノリシス型の耐熱基材に触媒粉末をウォッシュコートする場合のコート量は基材1リットル当たり粉末20〜500重量部の範囲が好ましい。また耐熱基材とは、ムライト、コージェライト、アルミニウムチタネート、ジルコニア、ジルコニアスピネルなどの耐熱性セラミックス又は耐熱性金属をモノリシスタイプにした基材を意味する。
【0009】
(作用)
本発明の可燃性ガスの触媒燃焼法においては、前段(ガス入口側)にアルミナ、シリカ、チタニア、ジルコニアの酸化物のうち少なくとも2種以上の酸化物からなる複合酸化物及び希土類元素の酸化物を含有した担体に、活性成分としてパラジウム以外の白金族元素及び酸化パラジウムを担持した粉末を耐熱基材にコートした触媒を、後段に上記担体に、酸化マグネシウム、ジルコニア及び希土類元素の酸化物のうち少なくとも一種以上の酸化物、パラジウム以外の白金族元素及び酸化パラジウムを担持した粉末を耐熱基材にコートした触媒を配置することにより、前段の触媒では、酸化パラジウムの凝集が起こりやすい800℃以上の高温にしないように、かつ、後段の酸化マグネシウム、ジルコニア及び希土類元素の酸化物を添加した触媒では、800℃以上でも安定して燃焼させることができる。最も燃焼しにくいメタンの燃焼を例に説明すると前段の触媒で400℃以下でメタンの酸化を開始させ、前段の触媒層出口ガス温度を800℃以下に、後段の触媒層出口ガス温度を1200℃以下になるように制御することにより常に安定した燃焼を保つことができる。また、前段の触媒の活性成分として、パラジウム以外の白金族元素及び酸化パラジウムを用いることにより、長時間安定した燃焼を保つことができる。
【0010】
【実施例】
四塩化チタン溶液250gをイオン交換水に溶解させ、pH=3になるようにイオン交換水を加える。次にγ−アルミナ315gを加え、3時間攪拌後、アンモニア水をpH=9になるまで滴下する。1時間そのまま攪拌後、沈殿物をろ過、イオン交換水で洗浄した。さらに乾燥器で一昼夜乾燥後、電気炉で500℃で5時間焼成し、さらに1000℃で24時間焼成してチタニア−アルミナ複合酸化物(TiO2 :Al2 O3 =25:75重量比)の粉末を得た。この粉末を硝酸ネオジウム水溶液に浸漬し、120℃で乾燥後、500℃で5時間焼成し、さらに1000℃で24時間焼成してチタニア−アルミナ複合酸化物100重量部当たり酸化ネオジウムを10重量部担持した担体1を調製した。担体1を硝酸パラジウム及びジニトロジアンミン白金の混合水溶液に浸漬し、乾燥後、500℃で5時間焼成し、さらに1000℃で10時間焼成して、触媒粉末に対して酸化パラジウムを10重量%及び白金を1重量%担持した触媒粉末1を調製した。
【0011】
オキシ塩化ジルコニウム106gをイオン交換水に溶解させ、pH=2になるようにイオン交換水を加える。次にγ−アルミナ365gを加え、3時間攪拌後、アンモニア水をpH=9になるまで滴下する。1時間そのまま攪拌後、沈殿物をろ過、洗浄した。さらに乾燥器で一昼夜乾燥後、電気炉で500℃で5時間焼成し、さらに1000℃、24時間焼成してジルコニア−アルミナ複合酸化物(ZrO2 :Al2 O3 =10:90重量比)の粉末を得た。この粉末を硝酸セリウム水溶液に浸漬し、120℃で乾燥後、500℃で5時間焼成し、さらに1000℃で24時間焼成して酸化セリウムを20重量部担持した担体2を調製した。担体2を硝酸パラジウム及び硝酸ロジウムの混合水溶液に浸漬し、乾燥後500℃で5時間焼成し、さらに1000℃で10時間焼成して触媒粉末全重量基準で、酸化パラジウム30重量%及びロジウムを5重量%担持させた触媒粉末2を調製した。
【0012】
オキシ塩化ジルコニウム131gをイオン交換水に溶解させ、pH=2.5になるようにイオン交換水を加える。次にシリカ粉末150gを加え、3時間攪拌後、アンモニア水をpH=9になるまで滴下する。1時間そのまま攪拌後、沈殿物をろ過、洗浄した。さらに乾燥器で一昼夜乾燥後、電気炉で500℃で5時間焼成し、さらに1000℃で24時間焼成してジルコニア−シリカ複合酸化物(ZrO2 :SiO2 =25:75重量比)の粉末を得た。この粉末を硝酸ランタン水溶液に浸漬し、120℃で乾燥後、500℃で5時間焼成し、さらに1000℃で24時間焼成して、酸化ランタンを15重量部担持した担体3を調製した。担体3を硝酸パラジウム水溶液に浸漬し、乾燥後500℃で5時間焼成し、さらに1000℃で10時間焼成して触媒粉末全重量基準で、酸化パラジウムを20重量%担持し、さらに塩化イリジウム水溶液に浸漬し、乾燥後500℃で5時間焼成して、触媒粉末全重量基準でイリジウムを0.2重量%担持させた触媒粉末3を得た。
【0013】
オキシ塩化ジルコニウム52g及び硝酸ランタン53gをイオン交換水に溶解させ、pH=3になるようにイオン交換水を加える。次にγ−アルミナ160gを加え、3時間攪拌後、アンモニア水をpH=9になるまで滴下する。1時間そのまま攪拌後、沈殿物をろ過、洗浄した。さらに乾燥器で一昼夜乾燥後、電気炉で500℃で、5時間焼成し、さらに1000℃で24時間焼成して担体4(La2 O3 :ZrO2 :Al2 O3 =10:10:80重量比)を調製した。担体4を硝酸パラジウム及びジニトジアンミン白金の混合水溶液に浸漬し、乾燥後500℃で5時間焼成し、さらに1000℃で10時間焼成して触媒粉末全重量基準で、酸化パラジウムを50重量%及び白金を10重量%担持させた触媒粉末4を調製した。
【0014】
上記触媒粉末1〜4を1平方インチ当たり200個の開口部(200セル/inch2 )を有するコージェライト製ハニカム基材にウォッシュコートし、500℃で5時間焼成し、さらに1000℃で24時間焼成して触媒1〜4を得た。なお、触媒粉末1〜4のハニカム基材1リットル当たりのコート量は200重量部であった。
【0015】
次に、上記方法で調製した担体1〜4それぞれを、ジニトジアンミン白金水溶液、硝酸パラジウム水溶液と下記の水溶液、すなわち、硝酸マグネシウム、硝酸ジルコニウム、硝酸ランタン、硝酸セリウム、硝酸ネオジウムの各水溶液、または硝酸セリウムと硝酸マグネシウムの混合水溶液とを混合した溶液に浸漬して、120℃で乾燥し、500℃で5時間焼成後、さらに1000℃で10時間焼成してマグネシア、ジルコニア及び希土類元素の酸化物を含有した触媒粉末5〜10(組成を表1に示す)を調製した。
【0016】
触媒粉末5〜8を200セル/inch2 のコージェライト製ハニカム基材にウォッシュコートし、500℃で5時間焼成後、さらに1000℃で24時間焼成して触媒5〜8を得た。なお、触媒粉末5〜8のハニカム基材1リットル当たりのコート量は300重量部であった。また、触媒7、8については、さらに硝酸ロジウムの水溶液、塩化イリジウムの水溶液にそれぞれ浸漬して、120℃で乾燥し、500℃で5時間焼成後、さらに1000℃で10時間焼成し、ハニカム基材1リットル当たり、触媒7についてはロジウムを20重量部、触媒8についてイリジウムを10重量部コートした。
【0017】
触媒粉末9、10を60セル/inch2 のコージェライト製ハニカム基材にウォッシュコートし、500℃で5時間焼成後、さらに1000℃で24時間焼成して触媒9、10を調製した。なお、触媒9、10のハニカム基材1リットル当たりのコート量は200重量部であった
【0018】
【表1】
【0019】
焼成試験は触媒1〜4を前段(ガス入口側、触媒長さ80mm)、触媒5〜10を後段(ガス出口側、触媒長さ40mm)に配置し、圧力5kg/cm2 G、メタン3.6mol%(残部空気)、実ガス流速20m/sの条件で、触媒層入口温度を2℃/minで昇温させておこなった。メタンが急激に反応を開始する温度(着火温度)および入口温度400℃でのメタン焼成率を測定した結果を表2に示す。なお、表2には、1000時間焼成試験後の触媒も併記している。
【0020】
【表2】
【0021】
【比較例】
触媒1〜4を前段(触媒長さ80mm)及び後段(触媒長さ40mm)に配置し、実施例と同様の試験を行った結果を表3に示す。また、触媒1、2、5、6において、酸化パラジウムのみを担持した触媒粉末を用いること以外は、同じ方法で触媒11、12、13、14を調製し、触媒11、12を前段(触媒長さ80mm)、触媒13、14を後段(触媒長さ40mm)に配置し、実験例と同様の試験を行った結果を表3に付記した。
【0022】
【表3】
【0023】
表3のように、前段用の触媒同志を組み合せた場合、初期の活性は着火温度、燃焼率共に優れているが、1000時間試験後の活性は急激に低下、かつ燃焼率が周期的に変動する燃焼振動を起こし、安定して燃焼させることができなかった。また、酸化パラジウムのみを担持した触媒11〜14を使用した場合、1000時間試験後において着火温度が375℃以上になり、かつ400℃における燃焼率も70%以下に低下した。
【0024】
【発明の効果】
以上詳述したように、本発明によれば酸化開始温度が低く(着火性がよく)しかも高温においても安定して可燃性ガスを完全燃焼させる方法を提供することができる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for burning a combustible gas, for example, a gas such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, or a hydrocarbon, and more particularly to a catalytic combustion method capable of stably burning the least combustible methane in a wide temperature range from a low temperature to a high temperature. .
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a catalytic combustion method for obtaining a high-temperature gas by using a lower hydrocarbon gas such as methane as a fuel and performing a combustion reaction in a diluted state generally not within a combustion condition range is known. .
[0003]
As a combustion catalyst in the conventional method, a ceramic such as honeycomb type cordierite or mullite is used as a base material, and alumina, silica, titania, zirconia alone or an oxide of at least two or more of these oxides is used as the base material. There has been proposed a catalyst which is coated with a carrier containing a composite oxide and carries palladium oxide or the like as an active ingredient. More recently, alumina, silica, titania, zirconia alone or a carrier containing a composite oxide of at least two oxides of these oxides, a powder in which palladium oxide or the like is supported as an active ingredient is used. A catalyst coated on a heat-resistant base material is arranged at the front stage of the combustible gas flow path, and at the subsequent stage, alumina, silica, titania, zirconia alone or a composite oxide comprising at least two oxides of these oxides There has been proposed a method of arranging a catalyst in which palladium oxide, magnesium oxide, or the like is coated on a heat-resistant substrate on a support containing an oxide of a substance and a rare earth element. (Japanese Patent Application Nos. 4-320452, 5-122340, 5-122341)
[0004]
Further, before the flammable gas flow path, palladium oxide is added to a carrier containing a composite oxide composed of at least two oxides of oxides of alumina, silica, titania and zirconia and an oxide of a rare earth element. A catalyst obtained by coating a heat-resistant base material with a powder carrying the same, and, at a later stage of the catalyst, alumina, silica, titania, zirconia alone or a composite oxide comprising at least two or more oxides of these oxides or On a carrier containing a rare earth element oxide in these oxides, magnesium oxide, zirconia and a powder carrying at least one oxide and palladium oxide of a rare earth element oxide were coated on a heat-resistant substrate. A method of arranging a catalyst has been proposed. (Japanese Patent Application No. 6-82793)
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above-described combustible gas combustion method, a catalyst obtained by coating a heat-resistant base material with palladium oxide supported on various carriers used in the preceding stage of the combustible gas flow passage has an excellent initial combustion activity. However, there is a problem that the activity decreases with time.
The present invention has been made in view of the above technical level, and provides a method capable of burning a combustible gas even at a low temperature and stably oxidizing and burning.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the present invention, a carrier containing a composite oxide composed of at least two oxides among oxides of alumina, silica, titania and zirconia and an oxide of a rare earth element other than palladium, A catalyst in which a powder supporting a platinum group element and palladium oxide is coated on a heat-resistant base material, and at the subsequent stage of the catalyst, alumina, silica, titania, at least two oxides of oxides of zirconia are used. A powder containing at least one oxide of magnesium oxide, zirconia and an oxide of a rare earth element, a platinum group element other than palladium, and palladium oxide is supported on a carrier containing a composite oxide and an oxide of a rare earth element. A flammable gas combustion method comprising arranging a catalyst coated on a base material to burn a flammable gas.
[0007]
In the present invention, the amount of palladium oxide supported on a carrier containing a composite oxide composed of at least two oxides among oxides of alumina, silica, titania and zirconia and an oxide of a rare earth element is 1 to 70% by weight. % (Based on the total weight of the catalyst powder), and 0.1 to 20% by weight (based on the total weight of the catalyst powder) is preferable as the amount of the platinum group element other than palladium. As the catalyst to be used in the latter stage, palladium oxide and a platinum group element other than palladium are supported as described above, and at least one oxide of magnesium oxide, zirconia and an oxide of a rare earth element is 1 to 30% by weight (catalyst powder) It is preferable to use a supported catalyst powder (based on the total weight).
[0008]
Further, as the carrier, an oxide of a rare earth element is contained in an amount of 1 to 50 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of a composite oxide composed of at least two oxides of oxides of alumina, silica, titania and zirconia. Are preferred. When the catalyst powder is wash-coated on a monolithic heat-resistant substrate, the coating amount is preferably in the range of 20 to 500 parts by weight of powder per liter of the substrate. The heat-resistant base material means a base material made of a heat-resistant ceramic or a heat-resistant metal such as mullite, cordierite, aluminum titanate, zirconia, or zirconia spinel in a monolithic type.
[0009]
(Action)
In the flammable gas catalytic combustion method of the present invention, a composite oxide comprising at least two oxides of oxides of alumina, silica, titania and zirconia and an oxide of a rare earth element are provided in the former stage (gas inlet side). A carrier containing a powder of a platinum group element other than palladium as an active ingredient and palladium oxide coated on a heat-resistant substrate, and the carrier in the subsequent stage, magnesium oxide, zirconia and rare earth element oxides. At least one or more oxides, by disposing a catalyst in which a powder carrying a platinum group element other than palladium and palladium oxide is coated on a heat-resistant substrate, the catalyst at the former stage is more than 800 ° C. where aggregation of palladium oxide easily occurs. Avoid contacting with high temperature and adding oxides of magnesium oxide, zirconia and rare earth elements at the later stage. So it is possible to stably burn even 800 ° C. or higher. Taking as an example the combustion of methane, which is the least flammable, the oxidation of methane is started at 400 ° C. or less with the former catalyst, the outlet gas temperature of the former catalyst layer is made 800 ° C. or lower, and the outlet gas temperature of the latter catalyst layer is made 1200 ° C. By performing the control as follows, stable combustion can always be maintained. Further, by using a platinum group element other than palladium and palladium oxide as an active component of the catalyst in the former stage, stable combustion can be maintained for a long time.
[0010]
【Example】
250 g of a titanium tetrachloride solution is dissolved in ion-exchanged water, and ion-exchanged water is added so that pH = 3. Next, 315 g of γ-alumina is added, and after stirring for 3 hours, ammonia water is added dropwise until pH = 9. After stirring for 1 hour, the precipitate was filtered and washed with ion-exchanged water. After drying in a drier all day and night, it was fired in an electric furnace at 500 ° C. for 5 hours, and further fired at 1000 ° C. for 24 hours to obtain a titania-alumina composite oxide (TiO 2 : Al 2 O 3 = 25: 75 weight ratio). A powder was obtained. This powder was immersed in an aqueous solution of neodymium nitrate, dried at 120 ° C., baked at 500 ° C. for 5 hours, and further baked at 1000 ° C. for 24 hours to carry 10 parts by weight of neodymium oxide per 100 parts by weight of the titania-alumina composite oxide. Carrier 1 was prepared. The carrier 1 was immersed in a mixed aqueous solution of palladium nitrate and dinitrodiammine platinum, dried, calcined at 500 ° C. for 5 hours, and further calcined at 1000 ° C. for 10 hours to obtain a catalyst powder containing 10% by weight of palladium oxide and platinum. 1% by weight of the catalyst powder 1 was prepared.
[0011]
106 g of zirconium oxychloride is dissolved in ion-exchanged water, and ion-exchanged water is added so that pH = 2. Next, 365 g of γ-alumina is added, and after stirring for 3 hours, aqueous ammonia is added dropwise until pH = 9. After stirring for 1 hour, the precipitate was filtered and washed. After drying in a drier all day and night, it is baked in an electric furnace at 500 ° C. for 5 hours, and further baked at 1000 ° C. for 24 hours to obtain a zirconia-alumina composite oxide (ZrO 2 : Al 2 O 3 = 10: 90 weight ratio). A powder was obtained. This powder was immersed in an aqueous cerium nitrate solution, dried at 120 ° C., calcined at 500 ° C. for 5 hours, and further calcined at 1000 ° C. for 24 hours to prepare a carrier 2 supporting 20 parts by weight of cerium oxide. The carrier 2 is immersed in a mixed aqueous solution of palladium nitrate and rhodium nitrate, dried and calcined at 500 ° C. for 5 hours, and further calcined at 1000 ° C. for 10 hours to obtain 30% by weight of palladium oxide and 5% rhodium based on the total weight of the catalyst powder. A catalyst powder 2 carrying weight% was prepared.
[0012]
131 g of zirconium oxychloride is dissolved in ion-exchanged water, and ion-exchanged water is added so that pH = 2.5. Next, 150 g of silica powder is added, and after stirring for 3 hours, aqueous ammonia is added dropwise until pH = 9. After stirring for 1 hour, the precipitate was filtered and washed. After drying in a drier all day and night, the powder was fired in an electric furnace at 500 ° C. for 5 hours, and further fired at 1000 ° C. for 24 hours to obtain a powder of zirconia-silica composite oxide (ZrO 2 : SiO 2 = 25: 75 weight ratio). Obtained. This powder was immersed in an aqueous lanthanum nitrate solution, dried at 120 ° C., baked at 500 ° C. for 5 hours, and further baked at 1000 ° C. for 24 hours to prepare a carrier 3 supporting 15 parts by weight of lanthanum oxide. The carrier 3 is immersed in an aqueous solution of palladium nitrate, dried and calcined at 500 ° C. for 5 hours, and further calcined at 1000 ° C. for 10 hours to carry 20% by weight of palladium oxide based on the total weight of the catalyst powder. It was immersed, dried and calcined at 500 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a catalyst powder 3 carrying 0.2% by weight of iridium based on the total weight of the catalyst powder.
[0013]
52 g of zirconium oxychloride and 53 g of lanthanum nitrate are dissolved in ion-exchanged water, and ion-exchanged water is added so that pH = 3. Next, 160 g of γ-alumina is added, and after stirring for 3 hours, aqueous ammonia is added dropwise until pH = 9. After stirring for 1 hour, the precipitate was filtered and washed. Furthermore, after drying in a drier all day and night, it is calcined in an electric furnace at 500 ° C. for 5 hours, and further calcined at 1000 ° C. for 24 hours, and the carrier 4 (La 2 O 3 : ZrO 2 : Al 2 O 3 = 10: 10: 80). Weight ratio) was prepared. The support 4 was immersed in a mixed aqueous solution of palladium nitrate and dinitodiammine platinum, dried and calcined at 500 ° C. for 5 hours, and further calcined at 1000 ° C. for 10 hours to obtain 50% by weight of palladium oxide based on the total weight of the catalyst powder. Catalyst powder 4 carrying 10% by weight of platinum was prepared.
[0014]
The above-mentioned catalyst powders 1 to 4 were wash-coated on a cordierite honeycomb substrate having 200 openings per square inch (200 cells / inch 2 ), calcined at 500 ° C. for 5 hours, and further at 1000 ° C. for 24 hours. Calcination gave Catalysts 1-4. The coating amount of catalyst powders 1 to 4 per liter of honeycomb substrate was 200 parts by weight.
[0015]
Next, each of the carriers 1 to 4 prepared by the above method, a dinitodiamine platinum aqueous solution, a palladium nitrate aqueous solution and the following aqueous solution, that is, magnesium nitrate, zirconium nitrate, lanthanum nitrate, cerium nitrate, each aqueous solution of neodymium nitrate, or It is immersed in a mixed solution of a mixed aqueous solution of cerium nitrate and magnesium nitrate, dried at 120 ° C., calcined at 500 ° C. for 5 hours, and further calcined at 1000 ° C. for 10 hours to form oxides of magnesia, zirconia and rare earth elements. Were prepared (catalysts are shown in Table 1).
[0016]
Catalyst powders 5 to 8 were wash-coated on a cordierite honeycomb substrate of 200 cells / inch 2 and fired at 500 ° C for 5 hours, and further fired at 1000 ° C for 24 hours to obtain catalysts 5 to 8. The coating amount of catalyst powders 5 to 8 per liter of honeycomb substrate was 300 parts by weight. The catalysts 7 and 8 were further immersed in an aqueous solution of rhodium nitrate and an aqueous solution of iridium chloride, dried at 120 ° C., fired at 500 ° C. for 5 hours, and further fired at 1000 ° C. for 10 hours to obtain a honeycomb base. The catalyst 7 was coated with 20 parts by weight of rhodium and the catalyst 8 with 10 parts by weight of iridium per liter of the material.
[0017]
The catalyst powders 9 and 10 were wash-coated on a cordierite honeycomb substrate of 60 cells / inch 2 and fired at 500 ° C. for 5 hours, and further fired at 1000 ° C. for 24 hours to prepare Catalysts 9 and 10. The coating amount of the catalysts 9 and 10 per liter of the honeycomb substrate was 200 parts by weight.
[Table 1]
[0019]
In the calcination test, catalysts 1 to 4 were arranged at the front stage (gas inlet side, catalyst length of 80 mm), and catalysts 5 to 10 were arranged at the rear stage (gas outlet side, catalyst length of 40 mm), at a pressure of 5 kg / cm 2 G and methane of 3. The reaction was performed by raising the catalyst layer inlet temperature at 2 ° C./min under the conditions of 6 mol% (remaining air) and an actual gas flow rate of 20 m / s. Table 2 shows the results of measuring the temperature at which methane rapidly starts a reaction (ignition temperature) and the methane sintering rate at an inlet temperature of 400 ° C. Table 2 also shows the catalyst after the firing test for 1000 hours.
[0020]
[Table 2]
[0021]
[Comparative example]
The catalysts 1 to 4 were arranged at the front stage (catalyst length 80 mm) and the rear stage (catalyst length 40 mm), and the same test as in the example was conducted. Catalysts 11, 12, 13, and 14 were prepared in the same manner as in Catalysts 1, 2, 5, and 6, except that a catalyst powder supporting only palladium oxide was used. 80 mm), and the catalysts 13 and 14 were arranged at the subsequent stage (catalyst length 40 mm), and the same test as in the experimental example was performed. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0022]
[Table 3]
[0023]
As shown in Table 3, when the catalysts for the former stage are combined, the initial activity is excellent in both the ignition temperature and the burning rate, but the activity after the 1000-hour test drops rapidly and the burning rate fluctuates periodically. The combustion oscillation was caused, and stable combustion could not be performed. When the catalysts 11 to 14 supporting only palladium oxide were used, the ignition temperature became 375 ° C. or more after the test for 1000 hours, and the combustion rate at 400 ° C. also fell to 70% or less.
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
As described in detail above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for stably burning a combustible gas even at a low oxidation start temperature (good ignitability) and at a high temperature.
Claims (1)
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|---|---|---|---|
| JP11254596A JP3576312B2 (en) | 1996-05-07 | 1996-05-07 | Combustible gas combustion method |
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| JP11254596A JP3576312B2 (en) | 1996-05-07 | 1996-05-07 | Combustible gas combustion method |
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| JP4699101B2 (en) * | 2005-06-21 | 2011-06-08 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Fuel gas combustion catalyst, fuel cell system, and fuel gas combustion method |
| GB201206066D0 (en) * | 2012-04-04 | 2012-05-16 | Johnson Matthey Plc | High temperature combustion catalyst |
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