JP3579527B2 - Charge control agent for developing electrostatic images and toner using the same - Google Patents
Charge control agent for developing electrostatic images and toner using the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP3579527B2 JP3579527B2 JP31394895A JP31394895A JP3579527B2 JP 3579527 B2 JP3579527 B2 JP 3579527B2 JP 31394895 A JP31394895 A JP 31394895A JP 31394895 A JP31394895 A JP 31394895A JP 3579527 B2 JP3579527 B2 JP 3579527B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- toner
- group
- charge control
- residue
- control agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は電子複写機等に使用される静電荷像現像用帯電制御剤及びそれを用いたトナーに関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
電子複写機等で使用される現像剤は、その現像工程において、例えば静電荷像が形成されている感光体等の像担持体に一旦付着せしめられ、次に転写工程において感光体から転写紙に転写された後、定着工程においてコピー紙面に定着される。その際、潜像保持面上に形成される静電荷像を現像するための現像剤として、キャリアとトナーとから成る二成分系現像剤およびキャリアを必要としない一成分系現像剤(磁性トナー)が知られている。
【0003】
ところで、トナーに要求される重要な特性の1つに帯電性が挙げられ、特にキャリアや現像槽の器壁との接触により正または負の適度なレベルの帯電を生じること、および、その帯電レベルが連続使用時や悪影響下においても経時的にほぼ安定していることが要求される。トナーへの帯電性付与は、バインダー樹脂または着色剤自体で行ってもよいが、充分な帯電性が得られにくく、そこで、従来よりトナーに帯電性を付与するもの(帯電制御剤)として、正帯電性のニグロシン系染料、第4級アンモニウム塩、負帯電性の含金属モノアゾ染料、サリチル酸金属錯体、銅フタロシアニン顔料等をトナーに含有させ用いる方法が知られていた。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、これら従来の帯電制御剤は、帯電性付与効果およびその他のトナー要求特性の面で、いくつかの課題をかかえている。その1つには、トナーの安全性が挙げられる。従来の帯電制御剤、特に負帯電制御剤は、例えば、クロムの様な金属を含有する含金属染料タイプが、付与する帯電レベルが高いということで、ほとんどを占めている。ところが、トナーという極めて人体に近い場所で使用される物質の成分として、クロムの様に安全性に疑問のある金属は、使用しないことが好ましい。特に近年、こうした安全性を重視する声は高まりつつあり、トナーにおいても、なるべくクロムなどの金属を含有しないで、しかも帯電性は従来以上に良好で、他のトナー要求特性にも優れた帯電制御剤の開発が望まれている。
【0005】
更にトナーの2つ目の課題点として、帯電安定性が挙げられる。従来の帯電制御剤は、帯電レベルとしては高いものでも、帯電安定性が充分でないものが多く、例えば連続複写、連続印字を行ううちに、帯電レベルが経時的に変化して、コピー汚れを発生するという問題を有している。こうした問題は、特に近年、多数枚を連続的に、しかも高速に処理する複写機等が求められるのにつれ、増大する傾向にあり、より帯電安定性に優れた帯電制御剤の開発が求められている。
【0006】
一方、上記のような帯電制御剤のみでなく、トナーへの電荷付与特性の向上は、現像プロセス中においてトナーと接触するキャリア、現像スリーブ、層形成ブレード等の搬送、規制、あるいは摩擦部材(以下これらを含めて「電荷付与材」といい、現像工程あるいはこれに先だってトナーと接触して、トナーに現像のために必要な電荷を付与し、あるいは電荷を補助的に付与し得る材料ないし部材を総称するものとする)により行うことも試みられている。この電荷付与材としては、トナーとの摩擦に対して耐久性に富むものが要求され、特にキャリアは長期間交換せずに使用でき得るものが望ましい。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで、本発明者等は含金属でなくとも帯電安定性に優れていてコピー汚れ等の発生しにくい高品質の静電荷像現像用トナーを提供し、かつ長期間の使用で性能に劣化がなく、細線再現性および階調性の優れた画像を得る電荷付与材を提供すべく鋭意検討を行なった結果、特定の構造を有する化合物を帯電制御剤として用いることにより、これらの課題点が解決されることを見い出し、本発明に到達した。
【0008】
すなわち本発明の目的は、金属を含有しなくとも帯電安定性に優れ、他のトナー要求特性、例えば耐湿性、耐光性、耐熱性等にも優れた帯電制御剤を提供することにあり、更には、連続使用時、悪影響下においても、印字濃度が適度で安定し、コピー汚れの発生しにくい電荷付与材および高品質のトナーを提供することにある。また、本発明の目的は、安全性に優れた帯電制御剤を提供することにある。
【0009】
すなわち、本発明の要旨は、一般式(I)
【0010】
【化2】
【0011】
(式中、Aは置換基を有していてもよい芳香族環残基または置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族残基を表し、Bはハロアルキル基を2つ以上有する芳香族環残基を表し、nは2以上の自然数を表す。)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする静電荷像現像用帯電制御剤及びそれを用いたトナーに存する。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
上記一般式(I)におけるBに用いられる芳香族環残基は炭素環でも複素環でもよく、更には炭素環同士、複素環同士、または炭素環と複素環が縮合したものであってもよい。具体例としては炭素数4〜30の芳香族環残基を挙げることができ、例えばベンゼン環残基、ナフタレン環残基、アントラセン環残基、フェナントレン環残基、フラン環残基、ピロール環残基、イミダゾール環残基、オキサゾール環残基、チアゾール環残基、ピリジン環残基、カルバゾール環残基、フルオレン環残基、フルオレノン環残基、ジベンゾフラン環残基、ジベンゾチオフェン環残基、およびベンゾカルバゾール環残基等が挙げられる。
【0013】
中でも好ましくはベンゼン環残基およびナフタレン環残基であり、特にベンゼン環残基が好ましい。
Bが有するハロアルキル基としては、フルオロメチル基、ジフルオロメチル基、トリフルオロメチル基、1−フルオロエチル基、2−フルオロエチル基、1,1−ジフルオロエチル基、1,2−ジフルオロエチル基、2,2−ジフルオロエチル基、トリフルオロエチル基、テトラフルオロエチル基、ペンタフルオロエチル基、フルオロプロピル基、フルオロブチル基、フルオロヘキシル基、およびフルオロオクチル基等のフルオロアルキル基、これらのフルオロアルキル基のフッ素原子を塩素原子に換えたクロロアルキル基、同様にフッ素原子を臭素原子に換えたブロモアルキル基等を挙げることができ、フルオロアルキル基が好ましく、中でも特にトリフルオロメチル基が好ましい。
【0014】
Bにおいてはハロアルキル基を2つ以上有することが好ましく、特に2つが好ましい。ハロアルキル基を複数有する場合、それらのハロアルキル基は互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。
Bがハロアルキル基を2以下有するベンゼン環残基である場合、置換位置はメタ位が好ましい。
【0015】
Bは2つ以上のハロアルキル基以外に他の置換基を有していてもよいが、好ましくは該他の置換基を有していないことである。Bの最も好ましい例は、3,5−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル基である。
上記、一般式(I)において、Aが芳香族環残基の場合は炭素環でも複素環でもよく、更には炭素環同士、複素環同士、または炭素環と複素環が縮合したものであってもよく、例えばベンゼン環残基、ナフタレン環残基、アントラセン環残基、アントラキノン環残基、フェナントレン環残基、カルバゾール環残基、フルオレン環残基、フルオレノン環残基、ジベンゾフラン環残基、ジベンゾチオフェン環残基等が挙げられる。
【0016】
あるいは2個またはそれ以上の芳香族環がアルキレン、−O−、−NH−、−SO2 −等により連結されている基であってもよい。また、それら芳香族環残基は無置換でもよいが、置換基を有していてもよい。置換基の具体例としては、メチル基、エチル基、n−プロピル基、iso−プロピル基、n−ブチル基、iso−ブチル基、tert−ブチル基、ハロアルキル基(フルオロメチル基、ジフルオロメチル基、トリフルオロメチル基、クロロメチル基、ブロモメチル基、フルオロエチル基、フルオロプロピル基、フルオロブチル基など)、ヒドロキシアルキル基(ヒドロキシメチル基、ジヒドロキシメチル基、トリヒドロキシメチル基、ヒドロキシエチル基、ヒドロキシプロピル基、ヒドロキシブチル基など)等の置換されていてもよいアルキル基(好ましくは炭素数が1〜6のもの)、アミノ基、アルキルアミノ基、ジアルキルアミノ基等の置換されていてもよいアミノ基(好ましくは炭素数0〜12のもの)、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、n−プロポキシ基、iso−プロポキシ基、n−ブトキシ基、iso−ブトキシ基、tert−ブトキシ基等のアルコキシ基(好ましくは炭素数が1〜6のもの)、水酸基、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子等のハロゲン原子、ニトロ基、フェニル基等が挙げられる。
【0017】
また、Aは置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族残基であってもよく、例えばメタン残基、エタン残基、n−プロパン残基、iso−プロパン残基、ブタン残基、ペンタン残基、ヘキサン残基等のアルカン残基;アルカントリイレン基;シクロヘキサン残基等の環状アルカン残基等が挙げられる。またそれらの置換基としては、メチル基、エチル基等のアルキル基(アルカン残基への置換は除く);メトキシ基、エトキシ基等のアルコキシ基;塩素原子、臭素原子、フッ素原子等のハロゲン原子;ニトロ基が挙げられる。
【0018】
Aの具体例としては、置換基を有していてもよいベンゼン、キシレン、ナフタレン、アントラキノン、カルバゾール、フルオレン、イソホロン、トリアジン、ピリジン、ビフェニル、ベンゾフェノン、ジフェニルアミン、ジフェニルエーテル、ジフェニルメタン、ジフェニルスルホン、或いはベンズアニリド等から得られる芳香族環残基、シクロヘキサン残基、ジシクロヘキシルメタン残基、アルカン残基、およびアルカントリイレン基等が挙げられる。また、それらの置換基としては、アルキル基(アルカン残基への置換は除く)、アルコキシ基、ハロゲン原子、ニトロ基等が挙げられる。好ましくは、Aはベンゼン、キシレン、ナフタレン、トルエン、イソホロン、トリアジン、ジフェニルアミン、ジフェニルメタン、或いはピリジンから得られる芳香族環残基、炭素数3〜7のアルカン残基、またはシクロヘキサン残基であり、中でもAはベンゼン環残基、n−ブタン残基、n−ペンタン残基、n−ヘキサン残基、またはシクロヘキサン残基であることが好ましく、nは2または3が好ましく、特に2が好ましい。
【0019】
上記一般式(I)で表される化合物は例えば次のような合成法によって容易に合成することができる。例えば一般式(II)、(III )
【0020】
【化3】
【0021】
(式中、Aは上記一般式(I)におけると同意義)で表される化合物を、例えば、n=2のときは一般式(II):一般式(III )=1:2で、n=3のときは一般式(II):一般式(III )=1:3(いづれもモル化)となるように反応系に仕込み、トルエンまたはキシレン等の溶媒中で反応させることにより得られる。
【0022】
上記一般式(I)で表される化合物の中で好適なものの具体例としては、表1に示される例示化合物を挙げることができるが、これらに限定されるものではない。なお、表1のAの欄において芳香族環残基を表す場合、例えばベンゼン環残基等は単にベンゼンと記した。
【0023】
【表1】
【0024】
【表2】
【0025】
次いで、本発明の帯電制御剤をトナーに用いる場合について説明する。
該トナーは少なくとも帯電制御剤、樹脂および着色剤を含有する。トナーに含有せしめる樹脂としては公知のものを含む広い範囲から選択できる。例えばポリスチレン、ポリクロロスチレン、ポリ−α−メチルスチレン、スチレン−クロロスチレン共重合体、スチレン−プロピレン共重合体、スチレン−ブタジエン共重合体、スチレン−塩化ビニル共重合体、スチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、スチレン−マレイン酸共重合体、スチレン−アクリル酸エステル共重合体(スチレン−アクリル酸メチル共重合体、スチレン−アクリル酸エチル共重合体、スチレン−アクリル酸ブチル共重合体、スチレン−アクリル酸オクチル共重合体およびスチレン−アクリル酸フェニル共重合体等)、スチレン−メタクリル酸エステル共重合体(スチレン−メタクリル酸メチル共重合体、スチレン−メタクリル酸エチル共重合体、スチレン−メタクリル酸ブチル共重合体およびスチレン−メタクリル酸フェニル共重合体等)、スチレン−α−クロルアクリル酸メチル共重合体およびスチレン−アクリロニトリル−アクリル酸エステル共重合体等のスチレン系樹脂(スチレンまたはスチレン置換体を含む単重合体または共重合体)、塩化ビニル樹脂、ロジン変性マレイン酸樹脂、フェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂(飽和、不飽和を含む)、低分子量ポリエチレン、低分子量ポリプロピレン、アイオノマー樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、ケトン樹脂、エチレン−エチルアクリレート共重合体、キシレン樹脂並びにポリビニルブチラール樹脂等があるが、本発明に用いるに特に好ましい樹脂としてはスチレン−アクリル酸エステル共重合体、スチレン−メタクリル酸エステル共重合体、ポリエステル樹脂およびエポキシ樹脂等を挙げることができる。また、上記樹脂は単独で使用するに限らず2種以上併用することもできる。
【0026】
トナーに含有せしめる着色剤としては、公知のものを含む広い範囲から選択でき、例えば、カーボンブラック、ランプブラック、鉄黒、群青、ニグロシン染料、アニリンブルー、フタロシアニンブルー、フタロシアニングリーン、ハンザイエロー、クロムイエロー、ローズベンガル、トリアリールメタン系染料、モノアゾ系、ジスアゾ系染顔料等を挙げることができる。
【0027】
上記一般式(I)で表される化合物は、白色であり、青、赤、黄等のカラートナーに含有せしめてもよく、この場合は相当する色調を有する染顔料からなる着色剤を用いる。着色剤の含有率は、樹脂100重量部に対して3〜20重量部とするのが好ましい。
トナーに上記一般式(I)で表される化合物を含有させる方法としては、トナー中に樹脂と共に添加混合する内添方法、トナー粒子を形成後に添加混合する外添方法等が可能であるが、内添方法がより一般的で好ましい。トナー中の上記一般式(I)で表される化合物の含有率は、樹脂100重量部に対して0.1〜20重量部が好ましく、より好ましくは0.1〜15重量部、更に好ましくは0.5〜5重量部である。上記一般式(I)で表される化合物の含有率が、少なすぎると帯電性の向上効果が改善されずにまた過剰であるとトナーの品質が低下するので好ましくない。
【0028】
本発明のトナーには、上記一般式(I)で表される化合物とは別に、公知のものを含めて他の帯電制御剤、例えば、ニグロシン系染料、第4級アンモニウム塩、含金属錯化合物等を含有せしめてもよい。さらに本発明のトナーには、その他の公知の添加剤、例えば、固体電解質、高分子電解質、電荷移動錯体、酸化スズ等の金属酸化物等の導電体、半導体あるいは強誘電体、磁性体等を添加しトナーの電気的性質を制御することができる。この他、トナーの中には熱特性、物理特性等を調整する目的で低分子量オレフィン重合体などの各種可塑剤、離型剤等の助剤を添加することも可能である。さらにトナー粒子にTiO2 、Al2 O3 、SiO2 等の微粉末を添加しこれらでトナー粒子表面を被覆せしめることによってトナーの流動性、耐凝集性の向上を図ることができる。
【0029】
本発明の帯電制御剤は特に負帯電性トナーに用いることが好ましい。
トナーの製造法としては、上記の各成分をニーダー等で混練し冷却後、粉砕し分級すればよい。また、本発明のトナーは二成分系現像剤の他に、カプセル化トナーや重合トナーおよびマグネタイト含有トナー等のいわゆる一成分系現像剤(磁性トナーまたは非磁性トナー)にも適用することができる。トナーの平均粒径は5〜20μmが好適である。
【0030】
本発明のトナーと混合して現像剤を形成するキャリアとしては、公知の鉄粉系、フェライト系、マグネタイト系キャリア等の磁性物質またはそれらの表面に樹脂コーティングを施したものや磁性樹脂キャリアを用いることができる。樹脂コーティングキャリアの被覆樹脂としては一般的に知られているスチレン系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂、スチレンアクリル共重合系樹脂、シリコーン系樹脂、変性シリコーン系樹脂、フッ素系樹脂、またはこれら樹脂の混合物等が利用できるがこれらに限定されるものではない。キャリアの平均粒径は特に制限はないが10〜200μmの平均粒径を有するものが好ましい。これらキャリアは、トナー1重量部に対して、5〜100重量部使用することが好ましい。
【0031】
次に、本発明の帯電制御剤を電荷付与材に用いる場合について説明する。
電荷付与材は、上記一般式(I)で表される化合物を少なくともその表面の一部に有する。
本発明の帯電制御剤を、必要に応じてバインダー樹脂とともに、溶媒あるいは分散媒中に溶解または分散させて得た塗布液を電荷付与材の母材にディッピング、スプレー法、ハケ塗り等によって塗布するか、あるいは母材がキャリア粒子状である場合は、これを上記塗布液に浸せき混合させたのち乾燥する方法、あるいは母材との直接混合物の流動化ペッドによる被覆等の方法により、母材上に該帯電制御剤を含有する被覆層を形成させれば本発明の電荷付与材が得られる。また、バインダー樹脂と該帯電制御剤を直接溶融混練し、母材上に押し出しラミネートして電荷付与材を得てもよい。さらに成形可能な樹脂中に該帯電制御剤を含有させ、これをキャリア粒子、現像スリーブあるいは層形成ブレードの形状に成形して電荷付与材としても良い。
【0032】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明を更に詳細に説明する。
なお、下記実施例中単に「部」とあるのはいずれも「重量部」を意味するものとする。
実施例−1
【0033】
【表3】
ポリエステル系樹脂(三菱レイヨン社製 FC−023) 100部
カーボンブラック(三菱化学社製 MA−100) 4部
例示化合物(1) 3部
【0034】
上記の材料を配合混練し、粉砕分級して平均粒子径9μmの黒色トナーを得た。このトナー5部と平均粒子径約100μmのフェライトキャリア100部とを混合、攪拌して現像剤を作製した。次いでこの現像剤をセレンを感光体とする複写機で実写したところ、鮮明なコピーが得られた。
【0035】
実施例−2
帯電制御剤として例示化合物(6)を3部使用する以外は実施例−1と同様にしたところ、実施例−1と同様に良好なコピーが得られた。
実施例−3
帯電制御剤として例示化合物(13)を3部使用する以外は実施例−1と同様にしたところ、実施例−1と同様に良好なコピーが得られた。
【0036】
実施例−4
帯電制御剤として例示化合物(19)を3部使用する以外は実施例−1と同様にしたところ、実施例−1と同様に良好なコピーが得られた。
実施例−5
帯電制御剤として例示化合物(21)を3部使用する以外は実施例−1と同様にしたところ、実施例−1と同様に良好なコピーが得られた。
【0037】
実施例−6
帯電制御剤として例示化合物(22)を3部使用する以外は実施例−1と同様にしたところ、実施例−1と同様に良好なコピーが得られた。
実施例−7
帯電制御剤として例示化合物(23)を3部使用する以外は実施例−1と同様にしたところ、実施例−1と同様に良好なコピーが得られた。
【0038】
実施例−8
帯電制御剤として例示化合物(28)を3部使用する以外は実施例−1と同様にしたところ、実施例−1と同様に良好なコピーが得られた。
実施例−9
帯電制御剤として例示化合物(30)を3部使用する以外は実施例−1と同様にしたところ、実施例−1と同様に良好なコピーが得られた。
【0039】
実施例−10
帯電制御剤として例示化合物(33)を3部使用する以外は実施例−1と同様にしたところ、実施例−1と同様に良好なコピーが得られた。
実施例−11
帯電制御剤として例示化合物(35)を3部使用する以外は実施例−1と同様にしたところ、実施例−1と同様に良好なコピーが得られた。
【0040】
実施例−12
帯電制御剤として例示化合物(38)を3部使用する以外は実施例−1と同様にしたところ、実施例−1と同様に良好なコピーが得られた。
【0041】
【発明の効果】
本発明の静電荷像現像用帯電制御を用いた静電荷像現像用トナーおよび電荷付与材は安全性に優れ、且つ優れた帯電安定性を有し、連続複写によるコピー汚れの発生しない高品質な静電荷像現像用トナーおよび電荷付与材である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a charge control agent for developing an electrostatic charge image used in an electronic copying machine or the like, and a toner using the same .
[0002]
[Prior art]
In a developing process, a developer used in an electronic copying machine or the like is once attached to an image carrier such as a photoconductor on which an electrostatic image is formed, and then is transferred from the photoconductor to transfer paper in a transfer process. After the image is transferred, it is fixed on the copy paper surface in a fixing step. At this time, as a developer for developing an electrostatic image formed on the latent image holding surface, a two-component developer composed of a carrier and a toner and a one-component developer (magnetic toner) not requiring a carrier are used. It has been known.
[0003]
By the way, one of the important characteristics required for the toner is chargeability. In particular, an appropriate positive or negative level of charge is generated by contact with a carrier or the wall of a developing tank. Is required to be substantially stable over time even during continuous use or under adverse effects. The charging property may be imparted to the toner with the binder resin or the colorant itself, but it is difficult to obtain sufficient charging property. A method has been known in which a toner contains a chargeable nigrosine dye, a quaternary ammonium salt, a negatively chargeable metal-containing monoazo dye, a salicylic acid metal complex, a copper phthalocyanine pigment, or the like.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, these conventional charge control agents have some problems in terms of the effect of imparting chargeability and other required characteristics of the toner. One of them is the safety of the toner. Most of conventional charge control agents, particularly negative charge control agents, for example, include metal-containing dyes containing a metal such as chromium, because the applied charge level is high. However, it is preferable not to use a metal, such as chromium, whose safety is questionable, such as chromium, as a component of a substance such as toner, which is used very close to the human body. In recent years, in particular, the importance of safety has been increasing in recent years, and even in toners, the charge control is as good as possible without containing metals such as chromium, and the chargeability is better than before, and also excellent in other toner required characteristics. The development of agents is desired.
[0005]
A second problem of the toner is charging stability. Conventional charge control agents often have a high charge level but do not have sufficient charge stability.For example, the charge level changes over time during continuous copying and continuous printing, causing copy smearing. Have the problem of Such a problem tends to increase particularly in recent years as a copier or the like that processes a large number of sheets continuously and at a high speed is required, and the development of a charge control agent having more excellent charge stability has been required. I have.
[0006]
On the other hand, not only the charge control agent as described above, but also the improvement of the charge imparting property to the toner is achieved by transporting, regulating, or using a friction member (hereinafter referred to as a carrier, a developing sleeve, a layer forming blade, etc., which come into contact with the toner during the developing process. These include the term "charge-imparting material", which refers to a material or member capable of imparting a charge necessary for development to the toner or contacting the toner with the toner in the development step or prior to the development step. (Collectively referred to as). The charge imparting material is required to have high durability against friction with the toner, and in particular, a material that can be used without replacing the carrier for a long period of time is desirable.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Therefore, the present inventors have provided a high-quality electrostatic image developing toner that is excellent in charge stability and hardly generates copy stains even if it is not a metal-containing one, and has no deterioration in performance over a long period of use. As a result of intensive studies to provide a charge-imparting material for obtaining an image having excellent fine line reproducibility and gradation, these problems have been solved by using a compound having a specific structure as a charge control agent. And arrived at the present invention.
[0008]
That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a charge control agent which is excellent in charge stability without containing a metal, and which is also excellent in other toner required characteristics, for example, moisture resistance, light resistance, heat resistance and the like. An object of the present invention is to provide a charge-imparting material and a high-quality toner, which have an appropriate and stable print density even under adverse effects during continuous use, and are less likely to cause copy smear. Another object of the present invention is to provide a charge control agent having excellent safety.
[0009]
That is, the gist of the present invention is the general formula (I)
[0010]
Embedded image
[0011]
(Wherein, A represents an aromatic ring residue which may have a substituent or an aliphatic residue which may have a substituent, and B represents an aromatic ring residue having two or more haloalkyl groups. And n represents a natural number of 2 or more.) A charge control agent for developing an electrostatic image and a toner using the same .
[0012]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The aromatic ring residue used for B in the above general formula (I) may be a carbocycle or a heterocycle, and may be a carbocycle, a heterocycle or a condensed carbocycle and heterocycle. . Specific examples include aromatic ring residues having 4 to 30 carbon atoms, such as benzene ring residues, naphthalene ring residues, anthracene ring residues, phenanthrene ring residues, furan ring residues, and pyrrole ring residues. Group, imidazole ring residue, oxazole ring residue, thiazole ring residue, pyridine ring residue, carbazole ring residue, fluorene ring residue, fluorenone ring residue, dibenzofuran ring residue, dibenzothiophene ring residue, and benzo And a carbazole ring residue.
[0013]
Of these, a benzene ring residue and a naphthalene ring residue are preferred, and a benzene ring residue is particularly preferred.
Examples of the haloalkyl group contained in B include a fluoromethyl group, a difluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a 1-fluoroethyl group, a 2-fluoroethyl group, a 1,1-difluoroethyl group, a 1,2-difluoroethyl group, , 2-difluoroethyl group, trifluoroethyl group, tetrafluoroethyl group, pentafluoroethyl group, fluoropropyl group, fluorobutyl group, fluorohexyl group, fluorooctyl group and other fluoroalkyl groups; Examples thereof include a chloroalkyl group in which a fluorine atom is replaced with a chlorine atom, and a bromoalkyl group in which a fluorine atom is replaced with a bromine atom. A fluoroalkyl group is preferable, and a trifluoromethyl group is particularly preferable.
[0014]
B preferably has two or more haloalkyl groups, particularly preferably two. When having a plurality of haloalkyl groups, those haloalkyl groups may be the same or different from each other.
When B is a benzene ring residue having 2 or less haloalkyl groups, the substitution position is preferably the meta position.
[0015]
B may have another substituent other than two or more haloalkyl groups, but preferably does not have the other substituent. The most preferred example of B is a 3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) phenyl group.
In the above general formula (I), when A is an aromatic ring residue, it may be a carbocycle or a heterocycle, and further, a carbocycle or heterocycle, or a condensed carbocycle and heterocycle. For example, benzene ring residue, naphthalene ring residue, anthracene ring residue, anthraquinone ring residue, phenanthrene ring residue, carbazole ring residue, fluorene ring residue, fluorenone ring residue, dibenzofuran ring residue, dibenzofuran ring residue And a thiophene ring residue.
[0016]
Or two or more aromatic rings alkylene, -O -, - NH -, - SO 2 - may be a group that is linked by a like. Further, these aromatic ring residues may be unsubstituted or may have a substituent. Specific examples of the substituent include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, and a haloalkyl group (fluoromethyl group, difluoromethyl group, Trifluoromethyl group, chloromethyl group, bromomethyl group, fluoroethyl group, fluoropropyl group, fluorobutyl group, etc., hydroxyalkyl group (hydroxymethyl group, dihydroxymethyl group, trihydroxymethyl group, hydroxyethyl group, hydroxypropyl group An optionally substituted alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms) such as an amino group, an alkylamino group, a dialkylamino group or the like ( preferably having 0-12 carbon atoms), a methoxy group, an ethoxy radical, n Propoxy, iso- propoxy, n- butoxy, iso- butoxy group, an alkoxy group such as a tert- butoxy group (preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms), a hydroxyl group, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, etc. Halogen atom, nitro group, phenyl group and the like.
[0017]
A may be an aliphatic residue which may have a substituent, for example, a methane residue, an ethane residue, an n-propane residue, an iso-propane residue, a butane residue, and a pentane residue. Groups, alkane residues such as hexane residues, etc .; alkanetriylene groups; cyclic alkane residues such as cyclohexane residues. Examples of the substituent include an alkyl group such as a methyl group and an ethyl group (excluding substitution to an alkane residue); an alkoxy group such as a methoxy group and an ethoxy group; a halogen atom such as a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and a fluorine atom. A nitro group.
[0018]
Specific examples of A include benzene, xylene, naphthalene, anthraquinone, carbazole, fluorene, isophorone, triazine, pyridine, biphenyl, benzophenone, diphenylamine, diphenylamine, diphenylether, diphenylmethane, diphenylsulfone, and benzanilide which may have a substituent. And a cyclohexane residue, a dicyclohexylmethane residue, an alkane residue, and an alkanetriylene group. Examples of the substituent include an alkyl group (excluding substitution to an alkane residue), an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, and a nitro group. Preferably, A is an aromatic ring residue obtained from benzene, xylene, naphthalene, toluene, isophorone, triazine, diphenylamine, diphenylmethane, or pyridine, an alkane residue having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, or a cyclohexane residue. A is preferably a benzene ring residue, an n-butane residue, an n-pentane residue, an n-hexane residue, or a cyclohexane residue, and n is preferably 2 or 3, and particularly preferably 2.
[0019]
The compound represented by the general formula (I) can be easily synthesized, for example, by the following synthesis method. For example, general formulas (II) and (III)
[0020]
Embedded image
[0021]
(Wherein A has the same meaning as in the above general formula (I)), for example, when n = 2, the general formula (II): general formula (III) = 1: 2 and n In the case of = 3, it is obtained by charging the reaction system such that the general formula (II): general formula (III) = 1: 3 (both are molized) and reacting in a solvent such as toluene or xylene.
[0022]
Specific examples of suitable compounds among the compounds represented by the general formula (I) include, but are not limited to, the exemplified compounds shown in Table 1. In addition, when the aromatic ring residue is represented in the column A of Table 1, for example, a benzene ring residue and the like are simply described as benzene.
[0023]
[Table 1]
[0024]
[Table 2]
[0025]
Next, a case where the charge control agent of the present invention is used for a toner will be described.
The toner contains at least a charge control agent, a resin and a colorant. The resin contained in the toner can be selected from a wide range including known resins. For example, polystyrene, polychlorostyrene, poly-α-methylstyrene, styrene-chlorostyrene copolymer, styrene-propylene copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-vinyl chloride copolymer, styrene-vinyl acetate copolymer Copolymer, styrene-maleic acid copolymer, styrene-acrylate copolymer (styrene-methyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-ethyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-acrylic acid Octyl copolymer, styrene-phenyl acrylate copolymer, etc.), styrene-methacrylate copolymer (styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-ethyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-butyl methacrylate copolymer) Combined and styrene-phenyl methacrylate Styrene resins such as styrene-α-methyl acrylate copolymer and styrene-acrylonitrile-acrylate copolymer (a homopolymer or copolymer containing styrene or a styrene substituent), Vinyl chloride resin, rosin-modified maleic resin, phenolic resin, epoxy resin, polyester resin (including saturated and unsaturated), low molecular weight polyethylene, low molecular weight polypropylene, ionomer resin, polyurethane resin, silicone resin, ketone resin, ethylene-ethyl There are acrylate copolymers, xylene resins, polyvinyl butyral resins, etc., and particularly preferred resins for use in the present invention are styrene-acrylate copolymers, styrene-methacrylate copolymers, polyester resins, epoxy resins and the like. It can be mentioned. Further, the above-mentioned resins are not limited to being used alone, and may be used in combination of two or more kinds.
[0026]
The colorant to be contained in the toner can be selected from a wide range including known ones, for example, carbon black, lamp black, iron black, ultramarine, nigrosine dye, aniline blue, phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine green, hansa yellow, chrome yellow , Rose bengal, triarylmethane dyes, monoazo dyes, disazo dyes and the like.
[0027]
The compound represented by the general formula (I) is white, and may be contained in a color toner such as blue, red, and yellow. In this case, a coloring agent composed of a dye or pigment having a corresponding color tone is used. The content of the colorant is preferably 3 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the resin.
Examples of the method for incorporating the compound represented by the above general formula (I) into the toner include an internal addition method in which the toner is added and mixed together with the resin, and an external addition method in which the toner particles are added and mixed after formation. The internal addition method is more general and preferred. The content of the compound represented by the general formula (I) in the toner is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 15 parts by weight, and still more preferably 100 parts by weight of the resin. 0.5 to 5 parts by weight. If the content of the compound represented by the general formula (I) is too small, the effect of improving the chargeability is not improved, and if it is excessive, the quality of the toner deteriorates, which is not preferable.
[0028]
In the toner of the present invention, apart from the compound represented by the general formula (I), other charge control agents including known ones, for example, nigrosine dyes, quaternary ammonium salts, metal-containing complex compounds Etc. may be contained. Further, the toner of the present invention may contain other known additives, for example, a solid electrolyte, a polymer electrolyte, a charge transfer complex, a conductor such as a metal oxide such as tin oxide, a semiconductor or a ferroelectric, and a magnetic substance. The electrical properties of the added toner can be controlled. In addition, various plasticizers such as a low-molecular-weight olefin polymer and auxiliaries such as a release agent can be added to the toner for the purpose of adjusting thermal characteristics, physical characteristics, and the like. Further, by adding fine powders such as TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and SiO 2 to the toner particles and coating the toner particles with the fine powders, the fluidity and aggregation resistance of the toner can be improved.
[0029]
The charge control agent of the present invention is particularly preferably used for a negatively chargeable toner.
The toner may be produced by kneading the above components with a kneader, cooling, pulverizing and classifying. In addition to the two-component developer, the toner of the present invention can be applied to so-called one-component developers (magnetic toner or non-magnetic toner) such as encapsulated toner, polymerized toner, and magnetite-containing toner. The average particle size of the toner is preferably 5 to 20 μm.
[0030]
As a carrier for forming a developer by mixing with the toner of the present invention, a magnetic substance such as a known iron powder-based, ferrite-based, and magnetite-based carrier, or a substance obtained by applying a resin coating on the surface thereof or a magnetic resin carrier is used. be able to. As the coating resin of the resin coating carrier, generally known styrene resin, acrylic resin, styrene acrylic copolymer resin, silicone resin, modified silicone resin, fluorine resin, or a mixture of these resins, etc. Available but not limited to these. The average particle size of the carrier is not particularly limited, but preferably has an average particle size of 10 to 200 μm. These carriers are preferably used in an amount of 5 to 100 parts by weight based on 1 part by weight of the toner.
[0031]
Next, the case where the charge control agent of the present invention is used as a charge imparting material will be described.
The charge imparting material has the compound represented by the general formula (I) on at least a part of its surface.
The charge controlling agent of the present invention, together with a binder resin, if necessary, is coated or coated with a coating solution obtained by dissolving or dispersing in a solvent or dispersion medium by dipping, spraying, brushing, or the like on a base material of the charge imparting material. Alternatively, when the base material is in the form of carrier particles, the base material is coated on the base material by a method of immersing the base material in the coating solution, mixing and drying, or a method of coating a direct mixture with the base material with a fluidizing pad. Then, if a coating layer containing the charge control agent is formed, the charge imparting material of the present invention can be obtained. Alternatively, a charge-imparting material may be obtained by directly melting and kneading a binder resin and the charge control agent and extruding and laminating the charge control agent on a base material. Further, the charge control agent may be contained in a moldable resin, and the charge control agent may be formed into a shape of a carrier particle, a developing sleeve or a layer forming blade to serve as a charge imparting material.
[0032]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.
In the following examples, “parts” simply means “parts by weight”.
Example-1
[0033]
[Table 3]
Polyester resin (FC-023 manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.) 100 parts Carbon black (MA-100 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd.) 4 parts Exemplary compound (1) 3 parts
The above-mentioned materials were mixed and kneaded, and pulverized and classified to obtain a black toner having an average particle diameter of 9 μm. 5 parts of this toner and 100 parts of a ferrite carrier having an average particle diameter of about 100 μm were mixed and stirred to prepare a developer. Next, when this developer was actually photographed by a copying machine using selenium as a photoreceptor, a clear copy was obtained.
[0035]
Example-2
Example 1 was repeated except that 3 parts of the exemplary compound (6) was used as a charge control agent. As a result, a good copy was obtained as in Example 1.
Example-3
Example 1 was repeated except that 3 parts of the exemplary compound (13) was used as a charge controlling agent. As a result, a good copy was obtained as in Example 1.
[0036]
Example-4
Example 1 was repeated except that 3 parts of the exemplary compound (19) was used as a charge controlling agent. As a result, a good copy was obtained as in Example 1.
Example-5
Example 1 was repeated except that 3 parts of the exemplary compound (21) was used as a charge controlling agent. As a result, a good copy was obtained as in Example 1.
[0037]
Example-6
Example 1 was repeated except that 3 parts of the exemplary compound (22) was used as a charge control agent. As a result, a good copy was obtained as in Example 1.
Example-7
Example 1 was repeated except that 3 parts of the exemplary compound (23) was used as a charge controlling agent. As a result, a good copy was obtained as in Example 1.
[0038]
Example-8
Example 1 was repeated except that 3 parts of the exemplary compound (28) was used as a charge controlling agent. As a result, a good copy was obtained as in Example 1.
Example-9
Example 1 was repeated except that 3 parts of the exemplary compound (30) was used as a charge controlling agent. As a result, a good copy was obtained as in Example 1.
[0039]
Example -10
Example 1 was repeated except that 3 parts of the exemplary compound (33) was used as a charge controlling agent. As a result, a good copy was obtained as in Example 1.
Example-11
Example 1 was repeated except that 3 parts of the exemplary compound (35) was used as a charge controlling agent. As a result, a good copy was obtained as in Example 1.
[0040]
Example-12
Example 1 was repeated except that 3 parts of the exemplary compound (38) was used as a charge controlling agent. As a result, a good copy was obtained as in Example 1.
[0041]
【The invention's effect】
The electrostatic image developing toner and the charge-imparting material using the electrostatic image developing charge control of the present invention are excellent in safety, have excellent charging stability, and have high quality without generation of copy stain by continuous copying. They are an electrostatic image developing toner and a charge providing material.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP31394895A JP3579527B2 (en) | 1995-12-01 | 1995-12-01 | Charge control agent for developing electrostatic images and toner using the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP31394895A JP3579527B2 (en) | 1995-12-01 | 1995-12-01 | Charge control agent for developing electrostatic images and toner using the same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH09160300A JPH09160300A (en) | 1997-06-20 |
| JP3579527B2 true JP3579527B2 (en) | 2004-10-20 |
Family
ID=18047431
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP31394895A Expired - Fee Related JP3579527B2 (en) | 1995-12-01 | 1995-12-01 | Charge control agent for developing electrostatic images and toner using the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3579527B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050026844A1 (en) | 2003-04-03 | 2005-02-03 | Regents Of The University Of California | Inhibitors for the soluble epoxide hydrolase |
| WO2005089380A2 (en) | 2004-03-16 | 2005-09-29 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Reducing nephropathy with inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase and epoxyeicosanoids |
| JP2008517072A (en) | 2004-10-20 | 2008-05-22 | ザ レジェンツ オブ ザ ユニバーシティー オブ カリフォルニア | Improved inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase |
-
1995
- 1995-12-01 JP JP31394895A patent/JP3579527B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH09160300A (en) | 1997-06-20 |
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