JP3580988B2 - Epitaxial film growth method - Google Patents
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- JP3580988B2 JP3580988B2 JP18334797A JP18334797A JP3580988B2 JP 3580988 B2 JP3580988 B2 JP 3580988B2 JP 18334797 A JP18334797 A JP 18334797A JP 18334797 A JP18334797 A JP 18334797A JP 3580988 B2 JP3580988 B2 JP 3580988B2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、エピタキシャル成長膜を用いた電子・光素子構造の形成方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ヘテロ構造を用いた素子や回路の高機能化・高性能化には、素子構造を高精度で形成することが必要である。そのためには高品質の結晶を用い、界面の平坦性と急峻性が原子レベルで制御されたヘテロ接合を形成することが重要である。その様な界面形成を行うには接合形成の前に、大面積かつ原子レベルの平坦性が実現された高品質な結晶表面を形成することが不可欠である。
【0003】
大面積かつ原子レベルの平坦性は、表面を拡散する原子の結晶に取り込まれるまでの表面拡散長及び拡散する原料の表面濃度によって決まる核形成位置の間隔に支配される。通常、核形成位置の間隔は表面拡散長より短く、原子レベルで平坦な領域の大きさは核形成位置の間隔によって支配される。そこで、従来は、エピタキシャル成長時の基板温度と原料供給シーケンスを最適化することで核形成位置の間隔を拡大して平坦性を改善してきた。
【0004】
薄膜をエピタキシャル成長させる方法として、分子線エピタキシャル成長法(MBE法)や有機金属気相成長法(MOVPE法)などのエピタキシャル成長法がある。MBE法の場合は、通常は必要な原料を同時供給して成長を行うため、表面拡散長は短く、核形成位置の間隔は数nmから数十nm程度である。拡散長を長くするために基板温度を上昇させると、接合界面を形成した場合に、界面において混晶化が起こり、界面急峻性が劣化する。そのため、界面急峻性を劣化させることなく、基板温度上昇によって平坦領域を著しく拡大することは難しく、そのための上限の基板温度を使用しても、平坦領域の大きさはたかだか数百nm程度を限度とする。基板温度を上昇させずに拡散長を長くする方法として、成長の一時中断によって表面原子の拡散を促進する方法がある。この方法は、成長中断による核の分解により平坦領域の大きさは数十nmから数百nmに改善され、急峻性も劣化させないという特徴を持つが、効果を得るための成長中断には長時間を要し、このため、不純物が成長中断を行った界面に大量に堆積して接合界面の特性を劣化させるという欠点を持つ。また、数百nmという平坦領域の大きさは、素子形成に必要な大きさ(数μm)より小さいため、中断を行わない場合に比べて大きさの改善はされているものの、その大きさはまだ不十分である。
【0005】
化合物膜成長の場合には、構成原料を交互に供給するシーケンスによりエピタキシャル成長させるマイグレーション・エンハンスト・エピタキシー法(MEE法)がある。この方法においては、化合物を構成する原料を交互供給することによって核形成成長を抑制する。この方法を用いると、同じ基板温度における同時供給の方法に比べて、一桁程度以上の拡散長の拡大が期待できる。しかし、この方法においては、交互供給により原料の被覆率制御性が劣化し、その結果として、過剰成分の凝集や供給停止中の原料の再蒸発の影響が顕著になるので、これらを抑制するために、基板温度を同時供給のMBE法の場合より 100℃程度以上低温にする必要がある。そのため、界面形成時の急峻性はよいが、表面拡散長はMBE法の場合と比べて結果的に短くなってしまう可能性がある。MEE法の効果を高温で実現する試みとして、供給停止中の再蒸発しやすい原料を補助的に同時供給して被覆率制御性劣化や再蒸発効果を抑える方法がある。この方法によって、平坦性がある程度改善されることは期待できるが、補助的に同時供給した原料が核形成を促進するので、この方法は、交互供給における拡散長増大の効果を十分に活かした成長方法とはならない。
【0006】
一方、MOVPE法においては、μm級の原子レベルで平坦な表面が形成可能であることが報告されている。この方法は、原料の分解反応に必要なエネルギーを基板温度で制御するが、最適化された基板温度はMBE法やMEE法にくらべて通常 100℃以上高くなる。その様な基板温度においては、原子の界面相互拡散が無視できず、平坦な表面が用意できても、一旦界面を形成すると相互拡散効果で界面急峻性は直ちに劣化する傾向がある。MOVPE法を改良して、μm級の長距離拡散を維持しつつ、基板温度の低温化により界面急峻性を実現する方法として原子層エピタキシー法(ALE法)があるが、この方法で作製した結晶には炭素や水素などの不純物が最低でも 1018cm−3程度以上の高濃度で存在するため、結晶品質が悪く、不純物散乱による易動度の劣化が著しい。この易動度の劣化は電子デバイスの性能劣化に直結する。
【0007】
最近では、他のエピタキシャル成長法として、原料のスパッタリングや、レーザ・アブレションによる供給を用いた成長方法が提案されているが、急峻性、平坦性、結晶性のいずれにおいても従来のエピタキシャル成長法をしのぐ結果を得たという報告は皆無である。
【0008】
以上説明したように、従来の技術には、高品質の結晶性と接合界面の原子レベルの急峻性とを損なわずに、素子形成に必要なμm級の大面積で平坦な界面の形成を実現し得るエピタキシャル成長法は無く、この要件を満足する新しいエピタキシャル成長法が待ち望まれていた。
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、基板上に薄膜をエピタキシャル成長させる場合に、原子レベルの平坦領域の大きさがμm級以上である高品質なエピタキシャル成長膜を形成する方法を提供することにある。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記の目的を達成するため、本発明は、エピタキシャル膜の成長法において、エピタキシャル膜の成長面における原料原子の濃度が凝集による核形成を起こす臨界過飽和濃度よりも小となる様に原料供給を制御し、かつ少なくとも基板温度を含む結晶成長条件を、前記成長面における原子もしくは分子の再配列構造が相転移により隣合う2つの相が共存する相転移点を実現する条件に保持しつつ前記エピタキシャル膜を成長させる。
【0011】
エピタキシャル膜の成長面における原料原子の濃度が凝集による核形成を起こす臨界過飽和濃度よりも小となる様に原料供給を制御することによって核形成が抑制され、その結果として、成長面の平坦性が核形成によって損なわれることが無くなる。
【0012】
また、本発明は、少なくとも基板温度を含む結晶成長条件を、前記成長面における原子もしくは分子の再配列構造が相転移を起こす条件に保持しつつ前記エピタキシャル膜を成長させることによって、前記成長面における原料原子が凝集よりむしろ表面拡散を起こし易い様な状態を実現させることができる。その理由について、図1を用いて説明する。
【0013】
図1は相構造の全エネルギーと化学ポテンシャルとの関係を模式的に示している。ここで、化学ポテンシャルとは、表面構造形成にかかわる各原子の熱力学的エネルギーであり、原理的には、例えばGaAsの場合には、GaAs(固体)、Ga(固体)、As(固体)の各生成熱から求められる。実際には、化学ポテンシャルの測定は難しいので、基板温度やAs圧などの化学ポテンシャルに関与するパラメータを代わりの指標として用いることができる。具体的には、電子線回折や光の反射率または吸収率の測定を行い、表面原子(分子)配列の再構成構造変化点(相転移点)を与える温度やAs圧を、転移をおこす原子の化学ポテンシャル値相当量として用いることができる。
【0014】
図1に示す様に、表面構造の相転移が起こる点(相転移点)は相1の構造エネルギーと相2の構造エネルギーとが等しくなる点であるので、その点において、表面構造は、相1及び相2のどちらの構造となっても表面自由エネルギーの変化が無く、表面における原子は、ある時は相1の形成に、ある時は相2の形成に確率的に寄与する様になり、結局、表面には両相が共存する様になる。このことは、原子間の結合が、平均的には、相転移により非常に弱くなり、結合の形成と切断とが頻繁に発生していることを意味し、原子は凝集して核を形成するよりむしろ表面拡散を起こし易くなっていることを示す。
【0015】
図2はエピタキシャル成長面における原子の有効表面拡散長と表面相構造の化学ポテンシャルとの関係を模式的に示している。図2に示す様に、相転移点においては、前記説明の様に、核の形成よりも表面拡散が起こり易くなっているので、有効表面拡散長が長くなっている。この様な状態にある表面に原料を供給するとエピタキシャル成長が起こり、しかも、有効表面拡散長が長くなっているので、原料の結晶化は、基板面の方位で決まる間隔を持つステップ(原子レベルの段差)においてのみ顕著になる。すなわち、成長面に到達した原料原子は、凝集すること無く成長面上を拡散し、ステップの側面に到達し、その側面上にエピタキシャル結晶を形成し、その分だけステップの側面を前進させる。このような側面の前進が各ステップについて起こることによって、成長面全体のエピタキシャル成長が進行する。前記ステップの間隔は、基板面の方位の正方位からのずれが小さいほど、それにほぼ反比例して大きくなるので、このずれがほとんど無い基板を用いることによって、ステップの間隔を実用上十分に大きくすることができる。この様な状態が実現している場合には、有効表面拡散長は、基板温度や原料(例えばAs)の圧力で支配される化学ポテンシャルで決まる表面拡散長に一致する。従って、化学ポテンシャルを制御することにより、比較的低温でも、表面拡散長がμm級以上に及ぶ様にすることができる。
【0016】
以上説明したように、転移点またはその近傍に基板温度や原料原子の圧力などの結晶成長条件や成長サイクルを設定すれば、有効表面拡散長が長くなるので、ステップのみで結晶成長が起こり、基板ステップ間隔に応じた原子レベルで平坦な面が得られる。従って、精密に基板面方位を制御して、ステップ間隔がμm級になる様にすれば、平坦領域はμm級となる。さらに、混晶化が起きない温度において本発明を実施すれば、界面形成を行った際に、原子レベルで急峻かつ凹凸の無い界面を形成することができる。また、成長速度は転移実現条件の最適化によりMBE法やMOCVD法と同程度にできるから、本発明による結晶性の劣化は無い。
【0017】
なお、本発明は、化合物半導体以外に、Siの様な単一原料の半導体結晶に対して適用可能である。さらに、本発明は、半導体に限らず、エピタキシャル成長可能な温度で表面構造相転移を起こす全ての結晶に対して適用可能である。
【0018】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の実施の形態の例として、MBE法によりGaAs( 0 0 1 )正方位基板表面にGaAsをホモエピタキシャル成長させる場合について述べる。
【0019】
GaAs基板を 8×10−6Torr のAs圧下で 580℃まで加熱し、表面酸化層を除去した。この後、550℃においてGaAsバッファ層を 300nm 成長させ、次に、 580℃において成長を 5 分間中断させた。このときの表面平坦領域は、走査型トンネル電子顕微鏡(STM)による観察結果において最大 300nm であった。また、表面構造を反射型高エネルギー電子線回折(RHEED)により観察したところRHEEDパターンは明瞭な(2×4)β2構造を示した。次に、基板温度を 500℃まで下げると、RHEEDパターンは(2×4)γすなわち(2×4)β2の構造とc(4×4)の構造とが共存する転移点の状態を示した。その後、Gaを照射してGaAsを成長させたが、このとき、照射As圧を同時に 1×10−5Torr まで上昇させて、成長中のRHEEDパターンが(2×4)γを維持する様に設定した。Gaの供給速度は、Gaの継続供給で核発生する臨界過飽和を起こさない最大値を使用した。この臨界過飽和を起こさない最大値は、事前にGa供給量を変化させて成長した試料の表面観察を行うことにより決定することができる。本実施例では、0.3原子層/秒の供給速度を用い、0.3原子層供給後に成長を9秒中断するシーケンスを繰り返した。99.9 分子層の成長後、表面のSTM観察により平坦領域幅が 1μmであることが確認できた。従って、前記の方法によって、原子レベルでμm級の平坦化が実現することを確認できた。これに対し、同一の基板温度及びAs圧及びGa供給速度でGaとAsとを同時に照射する通常のMBE法により、333 秒間( 99.9 分子層成長に要する時間)成長を行った後、As照射しながら成長中断した場合の表面の平坦領域広がりは最大 300nmであった。
【0020】
前記発明の実施の形態の例において、幅が 1μmの平坦領域を形成するための必須要件は、蒸気圧の比較的低い原料(Ga)の基板表面濃度が、凝集による核形成が生じる臨界飽和濃度よりも小になる様に、前記蒸気圧の比較的低い原料の供給量を制御し、かつ基板温度及び蒸気圧の比較的高い原料(As)の供給量を、基板表面の原子もしくは分子の再配列構造が相転移により隣合う2つの相が共存する相転移点を実現する条件に保持することである。
【0021】
【発明の効果】
以上説明した様に、本発明の実施によって、原子レベルの平坦領域の大きさがμm級以上である高品質なエピタキシャル成長膜を形成することが可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】相1及び相2の構造エネルギーの化学ポテンシャル依存性と構造相転移点の位置とを示す図である。
【図2】相転移点近傍での有効表面拡散長の変化(実線)を示す図である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for forming an electronic / optical element structure using an epitaxially grown film.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In order to increase the functionality and performance of devices and circuits using a heterostructure, it is necessary to form the device structure with high precision. Therefore, it is important to use a high-quality crystal and form a heterojunction in which the flatness and steepness of the interface are controlled at the atomic level. In order to form such an interface, it is essential to form a high-quality crystal surface having a large area and flatness at the atomic level before forming a junction.
[0003]
The large-area flatness at the atomic level is governed by the distance between the nucleation positions determined by the surface diffusion length until atoms are diffused into the crystal of the surface and the surface concentration of the material to be diffused. Normally, the distance between nucleation positions is shorter than the surface diffusion length, and the size of a flat region at the atomic level is governed by the distance between nucleation positions. Therefore, conventionally, the flatness has been improved by optimizing the substrate temperature and the material supply sequence during the epitaxial growth to increase the interval between the nucleation positions.
[0004]
As a method for epitaxially growing a thin film, there is an epitaxial growth method such as a molecular beam epitaxial growth method (MBE method) or a metal organic chemical vapor deposition method (MOVPE method). In the case of the MBE method, the growth is usually performed by simultaneously supplying the necessary raw materials. Therefore, the surface diffusion length is short, and the interval between the nucleation positions is about several nm to several tens nm. When the substrate temperature is increased to increase the diffusion length, when a bonding interface is formed, mixed crystal formation occurs at the interface, and the steepness of the interface deteriorates. Therefore, it is difficult to remarkably expand the flat region by increasing the substrate temperature without deteriorating the interface steepness. Even when the upper substrate temperature is used, the size of the flat region is limited to at most several hundred nm. And As a method of increasing the diffusion length without increasing the substrate temperature, there is a method of promoting the diffusion of surface atoms by temporarily suspending the growth. This method is characterized in that the size of the flat region is improved from several tens of nm to several hundreds of nm due to the decomposition of nuclei due to the interruption of growth, and the steepness is not deteriorated. Therefore, there is a disadvantage that a large amount of impurities are deposited on the interface where the growth has been interrupted, thereby deteriorating the characteristics of the bonding interface. Further, since the size of the flat region of several hundred nm is smaller than the size (several μm) necessary for element formation, although the size is improved as compared with the case where no interruption is performed, the size is small. Still not enough.
[0005]
In the case of compound film growth, there is a migration enhanced epitaxy method (MEE method) in which epitaxial growth is performed by a sequence in which constituent materials are alternately supplied. In this method, the nucleation growth is suppressed by alternately supplying the raw materials constituting the compound. When this method is used, the diffusion length can be increased by about one digit or more compared to the simultaneous supply method at the same substrate temperature. However, in this method, the controllability of the coverage of the raw material is deteriorated due to the alternate supply, and as a result, the influence of the aggregation of the excess component and the re-evaporation of the raw material during the stop of the supply becomes remarkable. In addition, it is necessary to lower the substrate temperature by about 100 ° C. or more as compared with the simultaneous supply MBE method. Therefore, the steepness at the time of forming the interface is good, but the surface diffusion length may be consequently shorter than that of the MBE method. As an attempt to realize the effect of the MEE method at a high temperature, there is a method in which a raw material that is easily re-evaporated during a supply stop is supplementarily and simultaneously supplied to suppress the deterioration in coverage controllability and the re-evaporation effect. Although flatness can be expected to be improved to some extent by this method, since the co-supplementary raw materials promote nucleation, this method can be used for growth that takes full advantage of the effect of increasing the diffusion length in alternate supply. There is no way.
[0006]
On the other hand, it has been reported that in the MOVPE method, a flat surface can be formed at an atomic level of the order of μm. In this method, the energy required for the decomposition reaction of the raw material is controlled by the substrate temperature, but the optimized substrate temperature is usually 100 ° C. or more higher than the MBE method or the MEE method. At such a substrate temperature, interfacial interdiffusion of atoms cannot be ignored, and even if a flat surface can be prepared, once the interface is formed, the interface steepness tends to immediately deteriorate due to the interdiffusion effect. Atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) is a method of improving the MOVPE method to achieve the interface steepness by lowering the substrate temperature while maintaining long-distance diffusion in the order of μm. Since impurities such as carbon and hydrogen exist at a high concentration of at least about 10 18 cm −3 , the crystal quality is poor, and the mobility is significantly deteriorated due to impurity scattering. This deterioration in mobility directly leads to performance deterioration of the electronic device.
[0007]
Recently, as other epitaxial growth methods, growth methods using sputtering of materials or supply by laser abrasion have been proposed. There are no reports that they have gained.
[0008]
As described above, the conventional technology realizes the formation of a large-area, flat interface in the order of μm required for device formation without impairing high-quality crystallinity and the sharpness of the atomic level of the bonding interface. There is no possible epitaxial growth method, and a new epitaxial growth method that satisfies this requirement has been awaited.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for forming a high-quality epitaxially grown film having a flat region at the atomic level of the μm class or more when a thin film is epitaxially grown on a substrate.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for controlling the supply of a raw material in a method for growing an epitaxial film such that the concentration of the raw material atoms on the growth surface of the epitaxial film is lower than the critical supersaturation concentration that causes nucleation due to aggregation. And maintaining the crystal growth conditions including at least the substrate temperature under such conditions that the rearranged structure of atoms or molecules on the growth surface realizes a phase transition point where two adjacent phases coexist due to phase transition. Grow.
[0011]
The nucleation is suppressed by controlling the supply of the raw material such that the concentration of the raw material atoms on the growth surface of the epitaxial film is lower than the critical supersaturation concentration that causes nucleation due to aggregation, and as a result, the flatness of the growth surface is reduced. It is not damaged by nucleation.
[0012]
Further, the present invention is to grow the epitaxial film while maintaining the crystal growth conditions including at least the substrate temperature under the condition that the rearranged structure of atoms or molecules on the growth surface undergoes a phase transition, whereby the growth surface It is possible to realize a state in which the raw material atoms tend to cause surface diffusion rather than aggregation. The reason will be described with reference to FIG.
[0013]
FIG. 1 schematically shows the relationship between the total energy of the phase structure and the chemical potential. Here, the chemical potential is the thermodynamic energy of each atom involved in the formation of the surface structure. In principle, in the case of GaAs, for example, GaAs (solid), Ga (solid), and As (solid) are used. It is determined from each heat of formation. Actually, since it is difficult to measure the chemical potential, parameters relating to the chemical potential, such as the substrate temperature and the As pressure, can be used as an alternative index. Specifically, electron diffraction or measurement of light reflectance or absorptance is performed, and the temperature and As pressure at which the surface atom (molecule) arrangement rearranges a structural change point (phase transition point) are determined. Can be used as the chemical potential value.
[0014]
As shown in FIG. 1, the point where the phase transition of the surface structure occurs (phase transition point) is the point at which the structural energy of phase 1 and the structural energy of phase 2 become equal. There is no change in the surface free energy in either structure of phase 1 or phase 2, and atoms on the surface contribute stochastically to the formation of phase 1 at some times and to phase 2 at some times. Eventually, both phases coexist on the surface. This means that the bonds between the atoms are, on average, very weak due to the phase transition, and the formation and breakage of the bonds occur frequently, and the atoms aggregate to form nuclei Rather, it is more likely to cause surface diffusion.
[0015]
FIG. 2 schematically shows the relationship between the effective surface diffusion length of atoms on the epitaxial growth surface and the chemical potential of the surface phase structure. As shown in FIG. 2, at the phase transition point, as described above, since the surface diffusion is more likely to occur than the nucleation, the effective surface diffusion length is longer. When the raw material is supplied to the surface in such a state, epitaxial growth occurs, and the effective surface diffusion length is long. Therefore, the crystallization of the raw material is performed at steps having an interval determined by the orientation of the substrate surface (atomic level steps). ) Only becomes noticeable. That is, the source atoms that have reached the growth surface diffuse on the growth surface without agglomeration, reach the side surfaces of the steps, form epitaxial crystals on the side surfaces, and advance the side surfaces of the steps by that amount. The progress of the side surface occurs for each step, whereby the epitaxial growth of the entire growth surface proceeds. The interval between the steps is almost inversely proportional to the smaller the deviation of the azimuth of the substrate surface from the normal direction. Therefore, by using a substrate having almost no deviation, the interval between the steps is made sufficiently large for practical use. be able to. When such a state is realized, the effective surface diffusion length matches the surface diffusion length determined by the chemical potential governed by the substrate temperature and the pressure of the raw material (for example, As). Therefore, by controlling the chemical potential, the surface diffusion length can be in the order of μm or more even at a relatively low temperature.
[0016]
As described above, if the crystal growth conditions and the growth cycle such as the substrate temperature and the pressure of the source atoms are set at or near the transition point, the effective surface diffusion length becomes longer, so that crystal growth occurs only in steps and the substrate is grown. A flat surface at the atomic level according to the step interval is obtained. Therefore, if the substrate plane direction is precisely controlled so that the step interval is on the order of μm, the flat region is on the order of μm. Furthermore, if the present invention is carried out at a temperature at which the mixed crystal does not occur, when forming the interface, it is possible to form an interface that is steep at the atomic level and has no irregularities. Further, the growth rate can be made equal to that of the MBE method or the MOCVD method by optimizing the conditions for realizing the transition, so that the crystallinity does not deteriorate according to the present invention.
[0017]
The present invention can be applied to a single-source semiconductor crystal such as Si, other than the compound semiconductor. Furthermore, the present invention is applicable not only to semiconductors but also to any crystal that undergoes a surface structural phase transition at a temperature at which epitaxial growth is possible.
[0018]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
As an example of an embodiment of the present invention, a case where GaAs is homoepitaxially grown on a GaAs (001) oriented substrate surface by MBE will be described.
[0019]
The GaAs substrate was heated to 580 ° C. under an As pressure of 8 × 10 −6 Torr to remove the surface oxide layer. After this, a GaAs buffer layer was grown 300 nm at 550 ° C., and then growth was interrupted at 580 ° C. for 5 minutes. At this time, the surface flat region was a maximum of 300 nm as observed by a scanning tunneling electron microscope (STM). When the surface structure was observed by reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED), the RHEED pattern showed a clear (2 × 4) β2 structure. Next, when the substrate temperature was lowered to 500 ° C., the RHEED pattern showed a state of a transition point where a structure of (2 × 4) γ, that is, a structure of (2 × 4) β2 and a structure of c (4 × 4) coexisted. . Thereafter, Ga was irradiated to grow GaAs. At this time, the irradiation As pressure was simultaneously increased to 1 × 10 −5 Torr so that the growing RHEED pattern maintained (2 × 4) γ. Set. As the supply rate of Ga, a maximum value that does not cause critical supersaturation that nucleates in continuous supply of Ga was used. The maximum value at which the critical supersaturation does not occur can be determined by previously observing the surface of a sample grown by changing the supply amount of Ga. In the present example, a sequence in which the growth was interrupted for 9 seconds after the supply of 0.3 atomic layer was repeated using a supply speed of 0.3 atomic layer / second. After growth of the 99.9 molecular layer, it was confirmed by STM observation of the surface that the flat region width was 1 μm. Therefore, it was confirmed that the above-described method can realize the flattening of the order of μm at the atomic level. On the other hand, after performing growth for 333 seconds (the time required for 99.9 molecular layer growth) by the normal MBE method in which Ga and As are simultaneously irradiated at the same substrate temperature, As pressure, and Ga supply rate, As When the growth was interrupted while irradiating, the flat area spread of the surface was 300 nm at the maximum.
[0020]
In the example of the embodiment of the invention, the essential requirement for forming a flat region having a width of 1 μm is that the substrate surface concentration of the material (Ga) having a relatively low vapor pressure is determined by the critical saturation concentration at which nucleation due to aggregation occurs. The supply amount of the raw material having a relatively low vapor pressure is controlled so as to be smaller than the above, and the supply amount of the raw material (As) having a relatively high vapor pressure and the substrate temperature is controlled by re-use of atoms or molecules on the substrate surface. The arrangement structure is to maintain a condition to realize a phase transition point where two adjacent phases coexist due to the phase transition .
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, by implementing the present invention, it is possible to form a high-quality epitaxial growth film in which the size of the flat region at the atomic level is on the order of μm or more.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the chemical potential dependence of the structural energy of phase 1 and phase 2 and the position of the structural phase transition point.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a change in effective surface diffusion length near the phase transition point (solid line).
Claims (3)
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| JP18334797A JP3580988B2 (en) | 1997-07-09 | 1997-07-09 | Epitaxial film growth method |
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| JP18334797A JP3580988B2 (en) | 1997-07-09 | 1997-07-09 | Epitaxial film growth method |
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