JP3586544B2 - Catalyst composition for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons - Google Patents
Catalyst composition for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons Download PDFInfo
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- JP3586544B2 JP3586544B2 JP16184397A JP16184397A JP3586544B2 JP 3586544 B2 JP3586544 B2 JP 3586544B2 JP 16184397 A JP16184397 A JP 16184397A JP 16184397 A JP16184397 A JP 16184397A JP 3586544 B2 JP3586544 B2 JP 3586544B2
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- catalytic cracking
- catalyst composition
- activated clay
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 71
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 title claims description 48
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 47
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims description 23
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 9
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011973 solid acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004231 fluid catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UAMZXLIURMNTHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3] UAMZXLIURMNTHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 heavy hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010335 hydrothermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002697 manganese compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UIEKYBOPAVTZKW-UHFFFAOYSA-L naphthalene-2-carboxylate;nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2].C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21.C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21 UIEKYBOPAVTZKW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、炭化水素接触分解用触媒組成物に関し、さらに詳しくは炭化水素、特にニッケル、バナジウムなどの金属汚染物と硫黄化合物を含有する重質炭化水素の流動接触分解に使用して、耐メタル性、ボトム分解性などに優れ、コークおよびガスの生成量が少ない、炭化水素接触分解用触媒組成物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術およびその問題点】
炭化水素の接触分解に使用される触媒は、当然高い分解活性と高いガソリン選択性を有し、コークおよびガスの生成が少ない特性を備えていなければならない。さらに製油所によっては、灯軽油留分(ライトサイクルオイル)の収率も高いことが要望されている。近年の石油事情の悪化は低品位の原油を常圧蒸留装置(トッパー)にかけなければならない事態を生じさせ、トッパーから生じた通常沸点が650°F以上の残渣油の割合を増大させる結果となっている。そのため、このような残渣油を接触分解の原料に用いざせる得ないため、接触分解用油触媒組成物は重質留分を分解する性能がますます要求されいる。
【0003】
従来、重質油分の分解に優れた接触分解用触媒組成物については種々の技術が提案されている。そして、そのような触媒ではカオリンなどの粘土物質は一般に増量剤として使用されていた。とくに粘土物質を活性成分として使用した触媒としては、つぎのようなものがある。
【0004】
特開昭63−270545号公報においては、結晶性アルミノシリケートゼオライトを3〜40wt%、アルミナ、マグネシアおよびスメクタイト型粘土鉱物からなるマトリックスを60〜97wt%含有し、かつ該マトリックス中のアルミナ含有量が5〜80wt%、マグネシア含有量が2〜40wt%、スメクタイト型粘土鉱物含有量が10〜90wt%であることを特徴とする炭化水素転化触媒が開示されている。
【0005】
また、特開平8−59228号公報においては、MgとSiを主成分とするカチオン交換性のスメクタイト系粘土鉱物に、少なくとも脱マグネシウム処理及びカチオン交換によるアルミニウムの導入を行うことによって、そのMg/Si比(モル比)を0.40〜0.65の範囲の調整し、かつ、その導入アルミニウム量を、Al/Si比(モル比)で表して、0.001以上0.08未満に調整してなる粘土組成物、この粘土組成物からなる接触分解用触媒及び石油系炭化水素の接触分解をこの触媒を用い流動床で行う石油系炭化水素の接触分解方法が開示されている。
【0006】
さらに、特開平5−202366号公報においては、石油系炭化水素を接触分解するにあたり、触媒としてカチオン交換スチブンサイトを含む組成物を使用することを特徴とする石油系炭化水素の接触分解法が記載されている。
【0007】
しかし、従来のこれらの触媒は、重質留分(ボトムと言うことがある)の分解性能などについて必ずしも満足いくものではなく、改善が望まれていた。
【0008】
【本発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、重質炭化水素の接触分解、特に流動接触分解に使用して、耐メタル性、ボトム分解性などに優れ、コークおよびガスの生成量が少ない、活性成分として特定の粘土物質を含有する炭化水素接触分解用触媒組成物を提供する点にある。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、結晶性アルミノシリケートゼオライトおよびMgO量が0.5〜3wt%の範囲にある活性白土とを含有する炭化水素接触分解用触媒組成物に関する。
【0010】
本発明の活性白土はモンモリロナイトを主成分とする酸性白土を酸処理してMgO量を0.5〜3wt%の範囲に調製して製造することができる。活性白土中のMgO量は酸性白土の酸処理の程度により変えることができる。
【0011】
前述の活性白土中のMgO量が0.5wt%より少ない場合には、触媒組成物の耐メタル性の点で効果が少なく、ニッケル、バナジウムなどの金属汚染物が触媒組成物に沈着した場合に高い転化率が得られない。また、活性白土中のMgO量が3wt%より多い場合には、活性白土の固体酸量が少なく充分なボトム分解性能が得られないことがある。活性白土中のMgO量は好ましくは1.0〜2.5wt%の範囲であることが望ましい。
【0012】
また、本発明における活性白土はMgO/SiO2のモル比が0.01〜0.10の範囲にあることが好ましい。活性白土におけるMgO/SiO2モル比が0.01より小さい場合には触媒組成物の耐メタル性の点で効果が十分でないことがある。MgO/SiO2モル比が0.10より大きい場合には触媒再生の際のスチーミングのシビアリティーが高い状態においてMgが活性成分であるゼオライトのイオン交換サイトに移動し、活性点である固体酸を被毒してしまい、耐水熱性が悪くなってしまうことがある。
【0013】
さらに、本発明での活性白土は比表面積が150〜400m2/g、600オングストローム以下の細孔容積が0.2〜0.5ml/gの範囲にあることが好ましい。活性白土の比表面積が150m2/gより小さい場合には、活性白土の固体酸量が少なく十分なボトム分解性が得られないことがあり、またミクロボア域の内部表面積が小さくなり、物理吸着能が低下することがある。比表面積が400m2/gより大きい場合には、触媒中の活性白土の添加量が多くなると触媒の嵩比量(ABD)が軽くなり耐摩耗性(アトリッション)が悪くなることがある。
【0014】
また、活性白土の細孔容積が0.2ml/g以下の場合にはミクロボア域の内部表面積が小さくなり、物理吸着能が低下することがあり、0.5ml/gより大きい場合には触媒中の活性白土の添加量が多くなると触媒のABDが軽くなりアトリッションが悪くなることがある。
【0015】
前述の活性白土は、その平均粒径が60μm以下、好ましくは0.1〜30μmの範囲にあることが望ましい。平均粒子径が60μmを上回ると最終的に得られる触媒組成物の平均粒子径との関係で、流動床用の触媒としては望ましくない。このような活性白土は、酸性白土を硫酸などの酸で処理して得ることができるし、また、前述の特性を有するものであれば市販の活性白土を使用することができる。該活性白土は、強酸と弱酸の固体酸を有し、適度の細孔容積を有するため、該活性白土を含有する本発明の触媒組成物は分解活性が高く、しかもコークおよびガスの生成が少ない。
【0016】
本発明における結晶性アルミノシリケートゼオライトとしては、通常の炭化水素接触分解用触媒組成物に用いられるゼオライトが使用可能であり、例えば、X型ゼオライト、Y型ゼオライト、モルデナイト、ZSM型ゼオライトおよび天然ゼオライトなどを挙げることができ、また、通常の接触分解用触媒組成物の場合と同様、水素、アンモニウムおよび多価金属から選ばれるカチオンでイオン交換された形で使用される。Y型ゼオライト、特に超安定性Y型ゼオライトは耐水熱性に優れているので好適である。
【0017】
本発明の炭化水素接触分解用触媒組成物では、前述の結晶性アルミノシリケートゼオライトおよび前述の活性白土を無機酸化物マトリックスに分散してなり、該結晶性アルミノシリケートゼオライトを5〜50重量%、好ましくは15〜35重量%および該活性白土を1〜20重量%、好ましくは2〜15重量%の範囲で含有することが望ましい。
【0018】
該活性白土の含有量が1重量%未満では所望の効果が得られず、また20重量%を超えて高くなると触媒の耐摩耗性が低下する傾向にあるので好ましくない。
【0019】
前述の無機酸化物マトリックスとしては、シリカ、シリカ−アルミナ、アルミナ、シリカ−マグネシア、アルミナ−マグネシア、リン−アルミナ、シリカ−ジルコニアなど、結合剤としても作用する通常の接触分解用触媒に使用されるマトリックス成分が使用できる。また、マトリックス成分には、従来の粘土物質や、アルミナ、マンガン化合物などのメタル捕捉剤を併用して含有せしめることもできる。
【0020】
本発明の触媒組成物は、例えば、シリカヒドロゾル、シリカ−アルミナヒドロゾルなどの前述の無機酸化物マトリックス前駆物質に前述の結晶性アルミノシリケートゼオライトおよび活性白土を加えて均一に分散させ、得られ混合物スラリーを噴霧乾燥する通常の方法によって製造することができる。そして噴霧乾燥により得られた粒子は必要に応じて洗浄され、洗浄後は再び乾燥または乾燥焼成される。
【0021】
本発明の触媒組成物は、ニッケル、バナジウムなどの金属汚染物質含有重質炭化水素の接触分解で使用するのに好適であるが、金属汚染物質を含有しない炭化水素の接触分解にも使用可能であり、灯・軽油から高沸点の脱れき油にいたるまでの広範囲の石油留分の接触分解に利用することができる。該触媒組成物を使用した接触分解では、通常の接触分解条件を採用することができる。
【0022】
【実施例】
以下に実施例を示し具体的に本発明を説明するが、これらのものに本発明が限定されるものではない。以下の実施例、比較例には市販の活性白土を使用した。その活性白土の性状は表1に示す。
【0023】
【表1】
活性白土タイプ1から5には、SiO2、Al2O3、MgOの成分の他に、いずれもFe2O3および少量のNa2O、K2O、TiO2、CaOが含まれていた。
【0024】
実施例1
水硝子を硫酸に加えて調製した12.5重量%のSiO2を含むシリカヒドロゾル4000gにカオリンクレー875g(乾燥基準)、活性アルミナ250g(乾燥基準)、交換率90%でアンモニウムイオン交換されたY型結晶性アルミノシリケート(NH4Yゼオライト)750g(乾燥基準)、および表1に示す性状の活性白土タイプ1を125g(乾燥基準)加えて混合スラリーを調製し、この混合スラリーを噴霧乾燥して微小球状粒子を得た。ついでこの微小球状粒子を洗浄し、乾燥して本発明の接触分解用触媒組成物を得た。この接触分解用触媒組成物は、活性アルミナを10重量%、NH4Yゼオライトを30重量%、活性白土タイプ1を5重量%含有し、その平均粒径は63μであった。この接触分解用触媒組成物をAとする。触媒の性状は表2に示した。
【0025】
実施例2
水硝子を硫酸に加えて調製した12.5重量%のSiO2を含むシリカヒドロゾル4000gにカオリンクレー875g(乾燥基準)、活性アルミナ250g(乾燥基準)、交換率90%でアンモニウムイオン交換されたY型結晶性アルミノシリケート(NH4Yゼオライト)750g(乾燥基準)、および活性白土タイプ2(表1参照)を125g(乾燥基準)加えて混合スラリーを調製し、この混合スラリーを噴霧乾燥して微小球状粒子を得た。ついでこの微小球状粒子を洗浄し、乾燥して本発明の接触分解用触媒組成物を得た。この接触分解用触媒組成物は、活性アルミナを10重量%、NH4Yゼオライトを30重量%、活性白土タイプ2を5重量%含有し、その平均粒径は63μであった。この接触分解用触媒組成物をBとする。触媒の性状は表2に示した。
【0026】
実施例3
水硝子を硫酸に加えて調製した12.5重量%のSiO2を含むシリカヒドロゾル4000gにカオリンクレー750g(乾燥基準)、活性アルミナ250g(乾燥基準)、交換率90%でアンモニウムイオン交換されたY型結晶性アルミノシリケート(NH4Yゼオライト)750g(乾燥基準)、および活性白土タイプ2(表1参照)を250g(乾燥基準)加えて混合スラリーを調製し、この混合スラリーを噴霧乾燥して微小球状粒子を得た。ついでこの微小球状粒子を洗浄し、乾燥して本発明の接触分解用触媒組成物を得た。この接触分解用触媒組成物は、活性アルミナを10重量%、NH4Yゼオライトを30重量%、活性白土タイプ2を10重量%含有し、その平均粒径は62μであった。この接触分解用触媒組成物をCとする。触媒の性状は表2に示した。
【0027】
実施例4
水硝子を硫酸に加えて調製した12.5重量%のSiO2を含むシリカヒドロゾル4000gにカオリンクレー500g(乾燥基準)、活性アルミナ250g(乾燥基準)、交換率90%でアンモニウムイオン交換されたY型結晶性アルミノシリケート(NH4Yゼオライト)750g(乾燥基準)、および活性白土タイプ2(表1参照)を500g(乾燥基準)加えて混合スラリーを調製し、この混合スラリーを噴霧乾燥して微小球状粒子を得た。ついでこの微小球状粒子を洗浄し、乾燥して本発明の接触分解用触媒組成物を得た。この接触分解用触媒組成物は、活性アルミナを10重量%、NH4Yゼオライトを30重量%、活性白土タイプ2を20重量%含有し、その平均粒径は62μであった。この接触分解用触媒組成物をDとする。触媒の性状は表2に示した。
【0028】
実施例5
水硝子を硫酸に加えて調製した12.5重量%のSiO2を含むシリカヒドロゾル4000gにカオリンクレー875g(乾燥基準)、活性アルミナ250g(乾燥基準)、交換率90%でアンモニウムイオン交換されたY型結晶性アルミノシリケート(NH4Yゼオライト)750g(乾燥基準)、および活性白土タイプ3(表1参照)を125g(乾燥基準)加えて混合スラリーを調製し、この混合スラリーを噴霧乾燥して微小球状粒子を得た。ついでこの微小球状粒子を洗浄し、乾燥して本発明の接触分解用触媒組成物を得た。この接触分解用触媒組成物は、活性アルミナを10重量%、NH4Yゼオライトを30重量%、活性白土タイプ3を5重量%含有し、その平均粒径は62μであった。この接触分解用触媒組成物をEとする。触媒の性状は表3に示した。
【0029】
比較例1
水硝子を硫酸に加えて調製した12.5重量%のSiO2を含むシリカヒドロゾル4000gにカオリンクレー1000g(乾燥基準)、活性アルミナ250g(乾燥基準)、交換率90%でアンモニウムイオン交換されたY型結晶性アルミノシリケート(NH4Yゼオライト)750g(乾燥基準)加えて混合スラリーを調製し、この混合スラリーを噴霧乾燥して微小球状粒子を得た。ついでこの微小球状粒子を洗浄し、乾燥して活性白土を含まない接触分解用触媒組成物を得た。この接触分解用触媒組成物は、活性アルミナを10重量%、NH4Yゼオライトを30重量%含有し、その平均粒径は63μであった。この接触分解用触媒組成物をFとする。触媒の性状は表3に示した。
【0030】
比較例2
水硝子を硫酸に加えて調製した12.5重量%のSiO2を含むシリカヒドロゾル4000gにカオリンクレー875g(乾燥基準)、活性アルミナ250g(乾燥基準)、交換率90%でアンモニウムイオン交換されたY型結晶性アルミノシリケート(NH4Yゼオライト)750g(乾燥基準)、および活性白土タイプ4(表1参照)を125g(乾燥基準)加えて混合スラリーを調製し、この混合スラリーを噴霧乾燥して微小球状粒子を得た。ついでこの微小球状粒子を洗浄し、乾燥して接触分解用触媒組成物を得た。この接触分解用触媒組成物は、活性アルミナを10重量%、NH4Yゼオライトを30重量%、活性白土タイプ4を5重量%含有し、その平均粒径は63μであった。この接触分解用触媒組成物をGとする。触媒の性状は表3に示した。
【0031】
比較例3
水硝子を硫酸に加えて調製した12.5重量%のSiO2を含むシリカヒドロゾル4000gにカオリンクレー875g(乾燥基準)、活性アルミナ250g(乾燥基準)、交換率90%でアンモニウムイオン交換されたY型結晶性アルミノシリケート(NH4Yゼオライト)750g(乾燥基準)、および活性白土タイプ5(表1参照)を125g(乾燥基準)加えて混合スラリーを調製し、この混合スラリーを噴霧乾燥して微小球状粒子を得た。ついでこの微小球状粒子を洗浄し、乾燥して接触分解用触媒組成物を得た。この接触分解用触媒組成物は、活性アルミナを10重量%、NH4Yゼオライトを30重量%、活性白土タイプ5を5重量%含有し、その平均粒径は63μであった。この接触分解用触媒組成物をHとする。触媒の性状は表3に示した。
【0032】
【表2】
【0033】
【表3】
【0034】
実施例6〈性能試験〉
実施例および比較例で調製した触媒A、B、C、D、E、F、G、HはASTM MAT(小型活性試験装置)により性能を評価した。
MATの評価条件は次の通り。
原料油:脱硫減圧軽油(60%)と脱硫常圧残さ油(40%)の混合油
重量空間速度:40hr−1
触媒/油:5重量比
反応温度:510℃
【0035】
性能を評価するにあたり、各触媒にはバナジウム、ニッケルを各4000ppm、2000ppm沈着させ、ついでスチーミングして擬平衡化処理を行った。具体的には、各触媒を予め600℃で焼成した後、所定量のナフテン酸バナジウム、ナフテン酸ニッケル溶液を吸収させ、次いて110℃で乾燥後、600℃で1.5時間焼成し、次いで780℃で13時間スチーム処理焼成した後、性能試験に供した。測定結果を表4〜5に示した。
【0036】
【表4】
【0037】
【表5】
【0038】
以上の測定結果によれば、本発明の活性白土含有触媒A、B、C、DおよびEはニッケルおよびバナジウムを高濃度で含有した高温での水熱処理条件において高い転化率を示した。このことは本発明の触媒が通常の触媒Fおよび活性白土中のMgO量が3.0wt%を越えて多量に含有する活性白土を使用した触媒G、Hに比べて耐メタル性および耐水熱性に優れていることが分る。
さらに転化率が高いことにも拘らず水素生成量、コーク生成量およびボトム生成量が低く、ライトサイクルオイル収率が高い結果が得られた。
このことは、弱い固体酸を有する活性白土が高分子炭化水素の粗分解に貢献し、コーク生成量を低く保ちつつ、ボトムの分解を促進した結果であるといえる。
【0039】
【結果】
本発明の触媒を炭化水素、特に重質炭化水素の接触分解に用いると、コーク、ドライガスの生成量が少なく、ガソリンおよびライトサイクルオイル(LCO)等の液収率が高い。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a catalyst composition for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons, and more particularly to fluid catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons, particularly heavy hydrocarbons containing metal contaminants such as nickel and vanadium and sulfur compounds, and which is resistant to metals. The present invention relates to a catalyst composition for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons, which is excellent in water solubility, bottom decomposability and the like, and produces little coke and gas.
[0002]
[Prior art and its problems]
The catalyst used for the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons must, of course, have high cracking activity, high gasoline selectivity and low coke and gas generation characteristics. Further, some refineries are required to have a high yield of kerosene light oil fraction (light cycle oil). Recent deterioration in petroleum conditions has caused low-grade crude oil to be passed through a normal-pressure distillation unit (topper), resulting in an increase in the proportion of residual oil having a normal boiling point of 650 ° F or higher generated from the topper. ing. Therefore, since such residual oil cannot be used as a raw material for catalytic cracking, the catalytic catalyst for catalytic cracking is increasingly required to have the ability to decompose heavy fractions.
[0003]
Conventionally, various techniques have been proposed for a catalytic cracking catalyst composition excellent in cracking heavy oil components. And, in such catalysts, clay substances such as kaolin were generally used as extenders. Particularly, catalysts using a clay substance as an active ingredient include the following.
[0004]
JP-A-63-270545 discloses that a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite is contained in an amount of 3 to 40 wt%, a matrix composed of alumina, magnesia and a smectite-type clay mineral is contained in an amount of 60 to 97 wt%, and the alumina content in the matrix is low. A hydrocarbon conversion catalyst characterized by having a content of 5 to 80 wt%, a magnesia content of 2 to 40 wt%, and a smectite type clay mineral content of 10 to 90 wt% is disclosed.
[0005]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-59228 discloses that a cation-exchangeable smectite-based clay mineral containing Mg and Si as main components is subjected to at least magnesium removal treatment and the introduction of aluminum by cation exchange to obtain Mg / Si. The ratio (molar ratio) is adjusted in the range of 0.40 to 0.65, and the amount of introduced aluminum is adjusted to 0.001 or more and less than 0.08, expressed as an Al / Si ratio (molar ratio). And a catalytic cracking catalyst comprising the clay composition and a method for catalytically cracking petroleum hydrocarbons in a fluidized bed using the catalyst.
[0006]
Further, JP-A-5-202366 describes a method for catalytically cracking petroleum hydrocarbons, which comprises using a composition containing cation-exchanged stevensites as a catalyst in catalytic cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons. ing.
[0007]
However, these conventional catalysts are not always satisfactory with respect to the performance of decomposing heavy fractions (sometimes referred to as bottoms), and improvements have been desired.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the present invention]
The object of the present invention is to use for catalytic cracking of heavy hydrocarbons, in particular, fluid catalytic cracking, which is excellent in metal resistance, bottom cracking, etc., has a small amount of coke and gas, and has a specific clay substance as an active ingredient Another object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst composition for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons, comprising:
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention relates to a catalyst composition for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons, comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite and activated clay having an MgO content in the range of 0.5 to 3 wt%.
[0010]
The activated clay of the present invention can be produced by acid-treating acidic clay composed mainly of montmorillonite to adjust the amount of MgO to a range of 0.5 to 3 wt%. The amount of MgO in the activated clay can be changed depending on the degree of acid treatment of the acid clay.
[0011]
When the amount of MgO in the activated clay is less than 0.5% by weight, the effect of the catalyst composition on metal resistance is small, and when metal contaminants such as nickel and vanadium are deposited on the catalyst composition. High conversion cannot be obtained. When the amount of MgO in the activated clay is more than 3 wt%, the amount of the solid acid in the activated clay is small and sufficient bottom decomposition performance may not be obtained. The amount of MgO in the activated clay is preferably in the range of 1.0 to 2.5 wt%.
[0012]
The activated clay in the present invention preferably has a MgO / SiO 2 molar ratio in the range of 0.01 to 0.10. If the MgO / SiO 2 molar ratio in the activated clay is less than 0.01, the effect may not be sufficient in terms of the metal resistance of the catalyst composition. When the molar ratio of MgO / SiO 2 is greater than 0.10, Mg moves to the ion exchange site of zeolite as an active ingredient in a state of high steaming severity during catalyst regeneration, and solid acid as an active site Poisoning, resulting in poor hydrothermal resistance.
[0013]
Further, the activated clay according to the present invention preferably has a specific surface area of 150 to 400 m 2 / g and a pore volume of 600 Å or less in a range of 0.2 to 0.5 ml / g. If the specific surface area of the activated clay is less than 150 m 2 / g, the amount of solid acid in the activated clay may be small and sufficient bottom decomposability may not be obtained. May decrease. When the specific surface area is larger than 400 m 2 / g, the bulk ratio (ABD) of the catalyst is reduced and the abrasion resistance (attrition) may be deteriorated when the amount of the activated clay in the catalyst is increased.
[0014]
When the pore volume of the activated clay is 0.2 ml / g or less, the internal surface area of the microbore region becomes small, and the physical adsorption ability may decrease. When the amount of the activated clay is too large, the ABD of the catalyst becomes lighter and the attrition may worsen.
[0015]
It is desirable that the above-mentioned activated clay has an average particle size of 60 μm or less, preferably in a range of 0.1 to 30 μm. If the average particle size exceeds 60 μm, it is not desirable as a catalyst for a fluidized bed in relation to the average particle size of the finally obtained catalyst composition. Such activated clay can be obtained by treating acid clay with an acid such as sulfuric acid, and commercially available activated clay can be used as long as it has the above-mentioned characteristics. Since the activated clay has a solid acid of a strong acid and a weak acid, and has an appropriate pore volume, the catalyst composition of the present invention containing the activated clay has a high decomposition activity, and generates less coke and gas. .
[0016]
As the crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite in the present invention, zeolites used in ordinary catalyst compositions for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons can be used. For example, X-type zeolites, Y-type zeolites, mordenites, ZSM-type zeolites and natural zeolites It can be used in the form of ion exchange with a cation selected from hydrogen, ammonium and polyvalent metals, as in the case of the usual catalytic cracking catalyst composition. Y-type zeolites, particularly ultra-stable Y-type zeolites, are preferred because of their excellent hydrothermal resistance.
[0017]
In the catalyst composition for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons of the present invention, the above-mentioned crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite and the above-mentioned activated clay are dispersed in an inorganic oxide matrix, and the crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite is 5 to 50% by weight, preferably Desirably contains 15 to 35% by weight and the activated clay in the range of 1 to 20% by weight, preferably 2 to 15% by weight.
[0018]
If the content of the activated clay is less than 1% by weight, the desired effect cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 20% by weight, the abrasion resistance of the catalyst tends to decrease.
[0019]
As the above-mentioned inorganic oxide matrix, silica, silica-alumina, alumina, silica-magnesia, alumina-magnesia, phosphorus-alumina, silica-zirconia, and the like are used for ordinary catalytic cracking catalysts that also act as a binder. Matrix components can be used. The matrix component may contain a conventional clay substance or a metal scavenger such as an alumina or manganese compound.
[0020]
The catalyst composition of the present invention can be obtained, for example, by adding the above-mentioned crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite and activated clay to the above-mentioned inorganic oxide matrix precursor such as silica hydrosol and silica-alumina hydrosol and uniformly dispersing them. The mixture slurry can be produced by a usual method of spray drying. The particles obtained by the spray drying are washed as necessary, and after the washing, the particles are dried or fired again.
[0021]
The catalyst composition of the present invention is suitable for catalytic cracking of heavy hydrocarbons containing metal contaminants such as nickel and vanadium, but can also be used for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons containing no metal pollutants. It can be used for catalytic cracking of a wide range of petroleum fractions, from lamps and light oils to high-boiling deasphalted oils. In the catalytic cracking using the catalyst composition, ordinary catalytic cracking conditions can be adopted.
[0022]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples. Commercially available activated clay was used in the following Examples and Comparative Examples. Table 1 shows the properties of the activated clay.
[0023]
[Table 1]
Activated clay types 1 to 5 each contained Fe 2 O 3 and a small amount of Na 2 O, K 2 O, TiO 2 and CaO in addition to the components of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 and MgO. .
[0024]
Example 1
875 g (dry basis) of kaolin clay, 250 g (dry basis) of activated alumina, and ammonium ion exchange were performed at an exchange rate of 90% to 4000 g of a silica hydrosol containing 12.5% by weight of SiO 2 prepared by adding water glass to sulfuric acid. A mixed slurry was prepared by adding 750 g (dry basis) of Y-type crystalline aluminosilicate (NH 4 Y zeolite) and 125 g (dry basis) of activated clay type 1 having the properties shown in Table 1, and spray drying the mixed slurry. Thus, fine spherical particles were obtained. Then, the fine spherical particles were washed and dried to obtain a catalytic cracking catalyst composition of the present invention. This catalytic composition for catalytic cracking contained 10% by weight of activated alumina, 30% by weight of NH 4 Y zeolite, and 5% by weight of activated clay type 1 and had an average particle size of 63 μm. This catalytic cracking catalyst composition is designated as A. The properties of the catalyst are shown in Table 2.
[0025]
Example 2
875 g (dry basis) of kaolin clay, 250 g (dry basis) of activated alumina, and ammonium ion exchange were performed at an exchange rate of 90% to 4000 g of a silica hydrosol containing 12.5% by weight of SiO 2 prepared by adding water glass to sulfuric acid. A mixed slurry is prepared by adding 750 g (dry basis) of Y-type crystalline aluminosilicate (NH 4 Y zeolite) and 125 g (dry basis) of activated clay type 2 (see Table 1), and spray-drying the mixed slurry Micro spherical particles were obtained. Then, the fine spherical particles were washed and dried to obtain a catalytic cracking catalyst composition of the present invention. The catalytic composition for catalytic cracking contained 10% by weight of activated alumina, 30% by weight of NH 4 Y zeolite, and 5% by weight of activated clay type 2 and had an average particle size of 63 μm. This catalytic cracking catalyst composition is designated as B. The properties of the catalyst are shown in Table 2.
[0026]
Example 3
750 g of kaolin clay (dry basis), 250 g of activated alumina (dry basis), and ammonium ion exchange at an exchange rate of 90% were added to 4000 g of a silica hydrosol containing 12.5% by weight of SiO 2 prepared by adding water glass to sulfuric acid. A mixed slurry is prepared by adding 750 g (dry basis) of Y-type crystalline aluminosilicate (NH 4 Y zeolite) and 250 g (dry basis) of activated clay type 2 (see Table 1), and spray-drying the mixed slurry Micro spherical particles were obtained. Then, the fine spherical particles were washed and dried to obtain a catalytic cracking catalyst composition of the present invention. This catalytic cracking catalyst composition contained 10% by weight of activated alumina, 30% by weight of NH 4 Y zeolite, and 10% by weight of activated clay type 2 and had an average particle diameter of 62 μm. This catalytic cracking catalyst composition is designated as C. The properties of the catalyst are shown in Table 2.
[0027]
Example 4
Into 4000 g of a silica hydrosol containing 12.5% by weight of SiO 2 prepared by adding water glass to sulfuric acid, 500 g of kaolin clay (dry basis), 250 g of activated alumina (dry basis), and ammonium ion exchange at an exchange rate of 90% were performed. A mixed slurry was prepared by adding 750 g (dry basis) of Y-type crystalline aluminosilicate (NH 4 Y zeolite) and 500 g (dry basis) of activated clay type 2 (see Table 1), and spray drying the mixed slurry. Micro spherical particles were obtained. Then, the fine spherical particles were washed and dried to obtain a catalytic cracking catalyst composition of the present invention. The catalytic composition for catalytic cracking contained 10% by weight of activated alumina, 30% by weight of NH 4 Y zeolite, and 20% by weight of activated clay type 2 and had an average particle size of 62 μm. This catalytic cracking catalyst composition is designated as D. The properties of the catalyst are shown in Table 2.
[0028]
Example 5
875 g (dry basis) of kaolin clay, 250 g (dry basis) of activated alumina, and ammonium ion exchange were performed at an exchange rate of 90% to 4000 g of a silica hydrosol containing 12.5% by weight of SiO 2 prepared by adding water glass to sulfuric acid. A mixed slurry was prepared by adding 750 g (dry basis) of Y-type crystalline aluminosilicate (NH 4 Y zeolite) and 125 g (dry basis) of activated clay type 3 (see Table 1), and spray drying the mixed slurry. Micro spherical particles were obtained. Then, the fine spherical particles were washed and dried to obtain a catalytic cracking catalyst composition of the present invention. This catalytic composition for catalytic cracking contained 10% by weight of activated alumina, 30% by weight of NH 4 Y zeolite, and 5% by weight of activated clay type 3 and had an average particle diameter of 62 μm. This catalyst composition for catalytic cracking is designated as E. The properties of the catalyst are shown in Table 3.
[0029]
Comparative Example 1
To 4000 g of a silica hydrosol containing 12.5% by weight of SiO 2 prepared by adding water glass to sulfuric acid, 1000 g of kaolin clay (dry basis), 250 g of activated alumina (dry basis), and ammonium ion exchange at an exchange rate of 90% were performed. A mixed slurry was prepared by adding 750 g (dry basis) of a Y-type crystalline aluminosilicate (NH 4 Y zeolite), and the mixed slurry was spray-dried to obtain fine spherical particles. Then, the fine spherical particles were washed and dried to obtain a catalytic cracking-free catalytic composition containing no activated clay. This catalytic composition for catalytic cracking contained 10% by weight of activated alumina and 30% by weight of NH 4 Y zeolite, and had an average particle size of 63 μm. This catalytic cracking catalyst composition is designated as F. The properties of the catalyst are shown in Table 3.
[0030]
Comparative Example 2
875 g (dry basis) of kaolin clay, 250 g (dry basis) of activated alumina, and ammonium ion exchange were performed at an exchange rate of 90% to 4000 g of a silica hydrosol containing 12.5% by weight of SiO 2 prepared by adding water glass to sulfuric acid. 750 g (dry basis) of Y-type crystalline aluminosilicate (NH 4 Y zeolite) and 125 g (dry basis) of activated clay type 4 (see Table 1) were added to prepare a mixed slurry, and this mixed slurry was spray-dried. Micro spherical particles were obtained. Then, the fine spherical particles were washed and dried to obtain a catalytic cracking catalyst composition. This catalytic cracking catalyst composition contained 10% by weight of activated alumina, 30% by weight of NH 4 Y zeolite, and 5% by weight of activated clay type 4 and had an average particle size of 63 μm. This catalytic cracking catalyst composition is designated G. The properties of the catalyst are shown in Table 3.
[0031]
Comparative Example 3
875 g (dry basis) of kaolin clay, 250 g (dry basis) of activated alumina, and ammonium ion exchange were performed at an exchange rate of 90% to 4000 g of a silica hydrosol containing 12.5% by weight of SiO 2 prepared by adding water glass to sulfuric acid. A mixed slurry was prepared by adding 750 g (dry basis) of Y-type crystalline aluminosilicate (NH 4 Y zeolite) and 125 g (dry basis) of activated clay type 5 (see Table 1), and spray drying the mixed slurry. Micro spherical particles were obtained. Then, the fine spherical particles were washed and dried to obtain a catalytic cracking catalyst composition. This catalytic cracking catalyst composition contained 10% by weight of activated alumina, 30% by weight of NH 4 Y zeolite, and 5% by weight of activated clay type 5, and had an average particle diameter of 63 μm. This catalytic cracking catalyst composition is designated as H. The properties of the catalyst are shown in Table 3.
[0032]
[Table 2]
[0033]
[Table 3]
[0034]
Example 6 <performance test>
The catalysts A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples were evaluated for performance by ASTM MAT (small activity test device).
The MAT evaluation conditions are as follows.
Feed oil: mixed oil of desulfurized vacuum gas oil (60%) and desulfurized atmospheric residue (40%) Weight hourly space velocity: 40 hr -1
Catalyst / oil: 5 weight ratio Reaction temperature: 510 ° C
[0035]
In evaluating the performance, vanadium and nickel were deposited on each catalyst at 4000 ppm and 2000 ppm, respectively, and then steamed to perform a pseudo-equilibrium treatment. Specifically, after each catalyst was previously calcined at 600 ° C., a predetermined amount of vanadium naphthenate and nickel naphthenate solution were absorbed, then dried at 110 ° C., and calcined at 600 ° C. for 1.5 hours, After steaming and firing at 780 ° C. for 13 hours, it was subjected to a performance test. The measurement results are shown in Tables 4 and 5.
[0036]
[Table 4]
[0037]
[Table 5]
[0038]
According to the above measurement results, the activated clay-containing catalysts A, B, C, D and E of the present invention exhibited high conversion under hydrothermal treatment conditions at high temperatures containing nickel and vanadium at high concentrations. This means that the catalyst of the present invention has improved metal resistance and hydrothermal resistance as compared with ordinary catalyst F and catalysts G and H using activated clay containing a large amount of MgO in the activated clay in excess of 3.0 wt%. It turns out that it is excellent.
Furthermore, despite the high conversion, the amount of hydrogen production, the amount of coke production and the amount of bottom production were low, and the result that the light cycle oil yield was high was obtained.
This can be attributed to the fact that the activated clay having a weak solid acid contributed to the coarse decomposition of the polymer hydrocarbon, and promoted the decomposition of the bottom while keeping the amount of coke low.
[0039]
【result】
When the catalyst of the present invention is used for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons, particularly heavy hydrocarbons, the amount of coke and dry gas generated is small, and the liquid yield of gasoline and light cycle oil (LCO) is high.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16184397A JP3586544B2 (en) | 1997-06-04 | 1997-06-04 | Catalyst composition for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16184397A JP3586544B2 (en) | 1997-06-04 | 1997-06-04 | Catalyst composition for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10337475A JPH10337475A (en) | 1998-12-22 |
| JP3586544B2 true JP3586544B2 (en) | 2004-11-10 |
Family
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16184397A Expired - Lifetime JP3586544B2 (en) | 1997-06-04 | 1997-06-04 | Catalyst composition for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons |
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| TWI611014B (en) * | 2012-07-23 | 2018-01-11 | W R 康格雷氏公司 | Magnesium-stabilized very low soda catalytic cracking catalyst and method for forming same |
| KR102605259B1 (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2023-11-24 | 바스프 코포레이션 | Base material quality improvement and coke fluid catalytic cracking catalyst |
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1997
- 1997-06-04 JP JP16184397A patent/JP3586544B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JPH10337475A (en) | 1998-12-22 |
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