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JP3589701B2 - Peritoneal dialysis solution containing trehalose - Google Patents
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JP3589701B2 - Peritoneal dialysis solution containing trehalose - Google Patents

Peritoneal dialysis solution containing trehalose Download PDF

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JP3589701B2
JP3589701B2 JP14230594A JP14230594A JP3589701B2 JP 3589701 B2 JP3589701 B2 JP 3589701B2 JP 14230594 A JP14230594 A JP 14230594A JP 14230594 A JP14230594 A JP 14230594A JP 3589701 B2 JP3589701 B2 JP 3589701B2
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Prior art keywords
trehalose
peritoneal dialysis
solution
peritoneal
dialysis solution
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JPH07323084A (en
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谷村健次郎
賢一 乾
幸史 国場
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Ajinomoto Co Inc
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Ajinomoto Co Inc
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、腹膜透析液に関し、さらに詳しくは、浸透圧剤としてトレハロースを含有する製剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
腹膜透析は1923年にその手技が開発され、腎不全の治療に応用されたが、その後血液透析療法の進歩により、一時下火になった。1975年になってモンクリエフ(Moncrief)がポポビッチ(Popovich)の協力を得て、腹腔内に灌流液を入れて体液と平衡になるまで放置するという治療法を開発した。この治療法に興味を持ったノルフ(Nolph)が改良を重ね、プラスチックに入った透析液を使用することで透析中も歩行可能となり、持続的腹膜透析(CAPD:continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis)として広く認知され、施行されるようになった。この透析法は、腹腔内に透析液を一定時間貯留させることにより、腹膜を通して体内の老廃物が透析液内に移動し、これを体外に廃液することにより、透析を行うものである。現在、日本では約7000人の腎不全患者で実施されており、透析療法のひとつとして定着している。
ところで従来の腹膜透析液としては、ゼラチン、ムコ多糖、パラチノース、アミノ酸、グアガム等を添加するものが知られている(特表昭61−502464号公報、特開平1−151462号公報、特開平2−53723号公報、特開平2−196724号公報、特開平4−154725号公報)。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、腹膜透析液では体内の水分を除去するために、血液よりも高い浸透圧を付加する必要がある。このため、現在数社より市販されている腹膜透析液では浸透圧剤としてグルコースが配合されている。透析液のpHは、長期保存や滅菌時のグルコースの分解を防ぐために、4.5から6.0と酸性側に調整されている。このように低いpHに調整されているために、腹膜への刺激性などの副作用が問題となっている。実際、山本らは、市販腹膜透析液に重曹を加えて溶液を中性化して投与することにより、▲1▼アシドーシスの改善と除水量の増加、▲2▼腹膜炎の減少、▲3▼臨床症状の改善などが認められたと報告している(日本臨床、49巻、1991年増刊号、血液浄化療法、532頁)。しかしながら、このような市販透析液に重曹などを添加して中性化するやり方は、電解質のバランスが崩れたり、細菌感染の機会が増大するなどの問題を生じる。また、浸透圧剤としてグルコースを含むため、腹膜を通じて大量のグルコースが吸収され、血糖値の上昇や、脂質代謝異常などの障害をもたらす。特に、糖尿病性の腎不全患者では病態の悪化につながる可能性が危惧される(湯浅繁一ら、透析会誌、14巻、279頁、1981年)。従って、本発明の目的はこれらの問題を解決することにある。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記実状に鑑み鋭意研究した結果、浸透圧剤としてトレハロースを用いることにより、上記課題を解決できることを見出し、本発明を完成することができた。
【0005】
すなわち、本発明は、トレハロースを浸透圧剤として含有すること腹膜透析液を提供することにある。
【0006】
本発明において、トレハロースの好ましい濃度としては0.13〜23%(W/V)である。
【0007】
本発明で用いるトレハロースには、α,α−トレハロース、 α,β−トレハロース又はβ,β−トレハロースの3種が存在するが、好ましくは天然に存在するα,α−トレハロースである。
【0008】
本発明の腹膜透析液には、透析患者の電解質バランスを考慮して、電解質としてナトリウムイオン、カルシウムイオン、カリウムイオン、マグネシウムイオンなどの陽イオンや、塩素イオン、硫酸イオンなどの陰イオンを含ませることができる。そして、これら電解質の好ましい濃度は、ナトリウム110〜150mEq/l、塩素90〜120mEq/l、カルシウム0〜6mEq/lおよびマグネシウム0〜4mEq/lである。また、水分除去に必要とされる280〜800mOsm/lの浸透圧を有し、pHは6.0〜7.6の範囲にある。
【0009】
本発明の溶液は、公知の方法に準拠して製造することができる。
【0010】
【作用】
トレハロースは、製剤学的に安定な二糖類であり、中性溶液中でも分解したり、着色したりすることがない。したがって、特別な製剤学的な工夫をすることなく中性化腹膜透析液を提供することができる。また、この製剤は腹膜透析中に血中のグルコース濃度を上昇させることがなく、安全に使用することができる。
【0011】
【実施例】
〔実施例1〕
α,α−トレハロース133g、塩化ナトリウム5.38g、水酸化ナトリウム1.6g、塩化カルシウム(二水和物)0.257gおよび塩化マグネシウム(六水和物)0.0508gを蒸留水に溶解し、1M酢酸を用いてpHを約7に調整した後、蒸留水で全液量を1000mlとした。メンブレンフィルター(0.22μm)で濾過後、濾液を日本薬局方一般試験法のプラスチック容器試験法に適合したポリエチレン製ソフトバッグに充填し、121℃で20分間高圧蒸気滅菌を行い浸透圧約700mOsm/lのトレハロース含有腹膜透析液を得た。
【0012】
〔実施例2〕
α,α−トレハロース13gを用い、実施例1と同様の操作を行うことにより、浸透圧約290mOsm/lのトレハロース含有腹膜透析液を得た。
【0013】
〔実施例3〕
α,α−トレハロース70gを用い、実施例1と同様の操作を行うことにより、浸透圧約480mOsm/lの目的とするトレハロース含有腹膜透析液を得た。
【0014】
次に試験用の比較液1を調製した。
【0015】
〔比較液1〕
実施例1と同じ浸透圧になるようにα,α−トレハロースの代わりにグルコース70gを用いた。実施例1と同様の操作を行ってグルコース含有腹膜透析液を得、比較液1とした。但し、高圧蒸気滅菌することなく試験に用いた。
【0016】
〔試験例1〕
比較液1を121℃で20分間高圧蒸気滅菌した。冷却後、各溶液の外観観察及び浸透圧、pH、430nmにおける透過率(T430)並びに284nmにおける吸光度(A284)の測定を行い、実施例1〜3の腹膜透析液と比較した。表1に示したように、グルコースを含有する比較液1は滅菌前後で大きくpHが低下し、着色が認められた(T430:97.5%以下)。また、A284は実施例1の腹膜透析液に比べ43倍の値に上昇した。A284はグルコース分解物のひとつである5−ヒドロキシメチルフルフラール類の生成を示す指標であり(日本薬局方で採用)、グルコースを含有する比較液1ではこの有害な分解物が多く生成していることが明らかである。これらの結果より本発明に係わるα,α−トレハロース含有腹膜透析液は、製剤学的安定性に優れ、全く問題ないことが判った。
【0017】
【表1】

Figure 0003589701
【0018】
〔試験例2〕
比較液1を105℃で10分間高圧蒸気滅菌した。冷却後、実施例1〜3の腹膜透析液と共に、60℃で1週間保存した。保存終了後、各溶液の外観観察及び浸透圧、pH、430nmにおける透過率(T430)並びに284nmにおける吸光度(A284)の測定を行った。表2に示したように、外観及びA284に大きな差を生じた。つまり、グルコースを含有する比較液1は保存後に黄色く着色し、A284は実施例1の腹膜透析液に比べ7倍の値に上昇した。これらの結果より、本発明に係わるα,α−トレハロース含有腹膜透析液は、製剤学的安定性に優れ、全く問題ないことが判った。
以上のことより、α,α−トレハロースは安定な糖質素材であり、グルコースと異なり、中性化腹膜透析液に配合してもpHの低下や、有害な分解物を生成しないことが明らかとなった。
【0019】
【表2】
Figure 0003589701
【0020】
〔試験例3〕
一夜絶食した体重286〜483gのSD系雄性ラットを用い、実施例1の腹膜透析液及び比較液1を腹腔内に50ml/kgの割合で投与した。経時的に尾静脈より採血し、血漿中のグルコース濃度を測定した。なお、実験期間中、ラットは絶食、絶水とした。結果を図1に示した。比較液1では血漿中のグルコース濃度が高値を示したのに対して、実施例1の腹膜透析ではほとんどグルコース濃度に変化を認めなかった。この結果より、本発明に係わるトレハロース含有腹膜透析液は、血中のグルコース濃度を変化させることなく、安全に使用できることが明らかである。
【0021】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、製剤学的に安定で、血中のグルコース濃度を上昇させずに安全に投与することのできる中性化腹膜透析液を提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】実施例1の腹膜透析液と比較液1を、それぞれラットの腹腔内に投与した後の血漿中グルコース濃度の経時変化を示した図である。[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to a peritoneal dialysis solution, and more particularly, to a preparation containing trehalose as an osmotic agent.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The technique of peritoneal dialysis was developed in 1923 and applied to the treatment of renal failure. In 1975, Moncrieff, with the help of Popovich, developed a treatment in which the perfusate was placed intraperitoneally and allowed to equilibrate with body fluids. Norph, who has been interested in this therapy, has made improvements and has been able to walk during dialysis by using a dialysate in a plastic, which has been widely recognized as continuous peritoneal dialysis (CAPD: continuous peritoneal dialysis). And came into force. In the dialysis method, dialysis is performed by storing wastewater in the body through the peritoneum into the dialysate by storing the dialysate in the peritoneal cavity for a certain period of time and discharging the wastewater outside the body. Currently, it is used in about 7,000 renal failure patients in Japan, and has become established as one of the dialysis treatments.
By the way, as a conventional peritoneal dialysis solution, those to which gelatin, mucopolysaccharide, palatinose, amino acid, guar gum and the like are added are known (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Sho. -53723, JP-A-2-196724, JP-A-4-154725).
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in order to remove water from the body, it is necessary to apply an osmotic pressure higher than that of blood with peritoneal dialysis fluid. For this reason, glucose is blended as an osmotic agent in peritoneal dialysis solutions currently marketed by several companies. The pH of the dialysate is adjusted to an acidic side of 4.5 to 6.0 in order to prevent degradation of glucose during long-term storage and sterilization. Since the pH is adjusted to such a low level, side effects such as irritation to the peritoneum are problematic. In fact, Yamamoto et al. Reported that adding sodium bicarbonate to a commercially available peritoneal dialysis solution and administering the solution to neutralize it resulted in (1) improvement in acidosis and increase in water removal, (2) reduction in peritonitis, and (3) clinical symptoms. (Japan Clinical, Volume 49, 1991 extra edition, Blood Purification Therapy, p. 532). However, such a method of neutralizing a commercially available dialysate by adding baking soda or the like causes problems such as an imbalance in electrolytes and an increased chance of bacterial infection. In addition, since glucose is contained as an osmotic agent, a large amount of glucose is absorbed through the peritoneum, causing disorders such as an increase in blood glucose level and abnormal lipid metabolism. In particular, there is a concern that diabetic renal failure patients may lead to worsening of the disease state (Shuichi Yuasa et al., Dialysis Society, Vol. 14, p. 279, 1981). Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve these problems.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have conducted intensive studies in view of the above situation, and as a result, have found that the above problems can be solved by using trehalose as an osmotic agent, thereby completing the present invention.
[0005]
That is, the present invention is to provide a peritoneal dialysate containing trehalose as an osmotic agent.
[0006]
In the present invention, a preferable concentration of trehalose is 0.13 to 23% (W / V).
[0007]
Trehalose used in the present invention includes three kinds of α, α-trehalose, α, β-trehalose and β, β-trehalose, and is preferably naturally occurring α, α-trehalose.
[0008]
The peritoneal dialysis solution of the present invention contains cations such as sodium ion, calcium ion, potassium ion and magnesium ion, and anions such as chloride ion and sulfate ion in consideration of the electrolyte balance of the dialysis patient. be able to. Preferred concentrations of these electrolytes are sodium 110 to 150 mEq / l, chlorine 90 to 120 mEq / l, calcium 0 to 6 mEq / l, and magnesium 0 to 4 mEq / l. Further, it has an osmotic pressure of 280 to 800 mOsm / l required for water removal, and the pH is in a range of 6.0 to 7.6.
[0009]
The solution of the present invention can be produced according to a known method.
[0010]
[Action]
Trehalose is a pharmaceutically stable disaccharide and does not decompose or color even in a neutral solution. Therefore, a neutralized peritoneal dialysis solution can be provided without any special formulation. In addition, this preparation can be used safely without increasing blood glucose concentration during peritoneal dialysis.
[0011]
【Example】
[Example 1]
133 g of α, α-trehalose, 5.38 g of sodium chloride, 1.6 g of sodium hydroxide, 0.257 g of calcium chloride (dihydrate) and 0.0508 g of magnesium chloride (hexahydrate) are dissolved in distilled water, After adjusting the pH to about 7 using 1M acetic acid, the total liquid volume was adjusted to 1000 ml with distilled water. After filtration through a membrane filter (0.22 μm), the filtrate is filled into a soft bag made of polyethylene that conforms to the plastic container test method of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia General Test Method, and subjected to high-pressure steam sterilization at 121 ° C. for 20 minutes, and an osmotic pressure of about 700 mOsm / l. Trehalose-containing peritoneal dialysate was obtained.
[0012]
[Example 2]
The same operation as in Example 1 was performed using 13 g of α, α-trehalose to obtain a trehalose-containing peritoneal dialysate having an osmotic pressure of about 290 mOsm / l.
[0013]
[Example 3]
The same operation as in Example 1 was performed using 70 g of α, α-trehalose to obtain a target trehalose-containing peritoneal dialysate having an osmotic pressure of about 480 mOsm / l.
[0014]
Next, a comparative liquid 1 for a test was prepared.
[0015]
[Comparative liquid 1]
70 g of glucose was used instead of α, α-trehalose so that the same osmotic pressure as in Example 1 was obtained. The same operation as in Example 1 was performed to obtain a glucose-containing peritoneal dialysate, which was used as Comparative Solution 1. However, it was used for the test without high-pressure steam sterilization.
[0016]
[Test Example 1]
Comparative liquid 1 was autoclaved at 121 ° C. for 20 minutes. After cooling, each solution was observed for appearance and measured for osmotic pressure, pH, transmittance at 430 nm (T430) and absorbance at 284 nm (A284), and compared with the peritoneal dialysis solutions of Examples 1 to 3. As shown in Table 1, the pH of Comparative Solution 1 containing glucose greatly decreased before and after sterilization, and coloring was observed (T430: 97.5% or less). A284 increased to 43 times the value of the peritoneal dialysate of Example 1. A284 is an index indicating the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, which is one of glucose decomposed products (employed by the Japanese Pharmacopoeia), and that Comparative Solution 1 containing glucose produces a large amount of this harmful decomposed product. Is evident. From these results, it was found that the α, α-trehalose-containing peritoneal dialysis solution according to the present invention has excellent pharmaceutical stability and has no problem.
[0017]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003589701
[0018]
[Test Example 2]
Comparative solution 1 was autoclaved at 105 ° C. for 10 minutes. After cooling, the cells were stored at 60 ° C. for 1 week together with the peritoneal dialysis solutions of Examples 1 to 3. After storage was completed, the appearance of each solution was observed and the osmotic pressure, pH, transmittance at 430 nm (T430), and absorbance at 284 nm (A284) were measured. As shown in Table 2, there was a large difference between the appearance and A284. That is, Comparative Solution 1 containing glucose was colored yellow after storage, and A284 increased to 7 times the value of the peritoneal dialysate of Example 1. From these results, it was found that the α, α-trehalose-containing peritoneal dialysis solution according to the present invention had excellent pharmaceutical stability and had no problem.
From the above, it is clear that α, α-trehalose is a stable carbohydrate material and, unlike glucose, does not lower pH or generate harmful degradation products even when it is added to neutralized peritoneal dialysis solution. became.
[0019]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003589701
[0020]
[Test Example 3]
Using male SD rats weighing 286-483 g fasted overnight, the peritoneal dialysis solution of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Solution 1 were intraperitoneally administered at a rate of 50 ml / kg. Blood was collected over time from the tail vein, and the glucose concentration in plasma was measured. During the experiment, rats were fasted and water-free. The results are shown in FIG. In Comparative Solution 1, the glucose concentration in plasma showed a high value, whereas in the peritoneal dialysis of Example 1, almost no change was observed in the glucose concentration. From these results, it is clear that the trehalose-containing peritoneal dialysate according to the present invention can be used safely without changing the glucose concentration in blood.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a neutralized peritoneal dialysis solution which is pharmaceutically stable and can be safely administered without increasing the blood glucose concentration.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the time course of plasma glucose concentration after intraperitoneal administration of a peritoneal dialysate and a comparative solution 1 of Example 1 respectively.

Claims (2)

トレハロースを浸透圧剤として含有し、pHが6.0〜7.6であることを特徴とする腹膜透析液。A peritoneal dialysis solution containing trehalose as an osmotic agent and having a pH of 6.0 to 7.6 . トレハロース:0.13〜23%(W/V)、ナトリウム:110〜150mEq/l、塩素:90〜120mEq/l、カルシウム:0〜6mEq/lおよびマグネシウム:0〜4mEp/lを含有し、浸透圧が280〜800mOsm/lであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の腹膜透析液。Trehalose: 0.13 to 23% (W / V), sodium: 110 to 150 mEq / l, chlorine: 90 to 120 mEq / l, calcium: 0 to 6 mEq / l, and magnesium: 0 to 4 mEp / l. 2. The peritoneal dialysate according to claim 1, wherein the pressure is 280 to 800 mOsm / l.
JP14230594A 1994-05-31 1994-05-31 Peritoneal dialysis solution containing trehalose Expired - Lifetime JP3589701B2 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1150034C (en) 1998-08-24 2004-05-19 黑川清 Carbonyl pressure modifiers and peritoneal dialysis fluids
JP2006521106A (en) * 2003-03-24 2006-09-21 セレスタール・ホルデイング・ベー・フアウ Food and beverage comprising isomaltulose and trehalose for sustained carbohydrate energy release and reduced glycemic / insulinmic response and to maintain osmolality
US8231925B2 (en) 2004-08-20 2012-07-31 Cargill, Incorporated Ingredient systems comprising trehalose, food products containing trehalose, and methods of making same
US8231924B2 (en) 2004-08-20 2012-07-31 Cargill, Incorporated Ingredient systems comprising trehalose, food products containing trehalose, and methods of making same
CN101257908B (en) * 2005-04-20 2010-09-08 株式会社林原生物化学研究所 peritoneal dialysis solution
BRPI0721897A2 (en) * 2007-08-15 2015-04-07 Cheiron Japan Co PERITONEAL DIALYSIS
JPWO2010106871A1 (en) * 2009-03-19 2012-09-20 国立大学法人富山大学 Osmotic pressure regulator
SG11202007948VA (en) * 2018-03-01 2020-09-29 Terumo Corp Peritoneal dialysate, peritoneal dialysate set, composition used for peritoneal dialysis, and method for peritoneal dialysis

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