JP3589708B2 - Production method of high purity copper - Google Patents
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- JP3589708B2 JP3589708B2 JP22174294A JP22174294A JP3589708B2 JP 3589708 B2 JP3589708 B2 JP 3589708B2 JP 22174294 A JP22174294 A JP 22174294A JP 22174294 A JP22174294 A JP 22174294A JP 3589708 B2 JP3589708 B2 JP 3589708B2
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- copper
- exchange resin
- anion exchange
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Description
【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は高純度の銅の製造方法に関し、さらに詳しくは、ナトリウム、カリウムのようなアルカリ金属;鉄、ニッケル、クロムのような重金属に代表される不純物の含有量をpptのオーダーにまで低減させた極めて高純度の銅を簡単に製造する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、銅中に含まれる鉄、ニッケル、クロムなどの不純物を除き純度の高い銅を得るために、乾式製錬法で得た粗銅をアノードとし、強酸性硫酸銅溶液を電解液に用い、薄い純銅板をカソードとし、直流で電解を行い高純度の銅(電気銅)をカソードから得ている。しかし、半導体技術の進展にともないより高純度の銅が要求され、特に、ULSI用の配線として使用される銅では微量不純物のないきわめて高純度なものが必要とされている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、このような電解精製によって得られた銅の純度は6Nレベル(99.9999%)のものであり、次のような問題があった。例えば、不純物としてナトリウム、カリウムのようなアルカリ金属が存在するとフラットバンド電圧やしきい値電圧を変化させMOS特性の不安定性さの原因となり、酸化膜耐圧劣化の原因となる。また、鉄、ニッケルのような重金属は微小欠陥を生じ、ステンレスなどが触れた箇所には酸化によりウェーハ欠陥を生ずるという問題があり、使用することができなかった。
【0004】
従って、本発明は上記した問題を解消し、不純物の含有量がpptオーダーである極めて高純度な銅の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、高純度の銅を製造する方法であって、不純物として少なくともニッケルを含む銅を過酸化水素を含む塩酸水溶液で処理し溶解させ、銅のイオンを含む処理液を得る反応工程と、該処理液を陰イオン交換樹脂と接触させ、銅のイオンを陰イオン交換樹脂に吸着させた後、塩酸濃度を高濃度から低濃度へと変化させた溶出液を陰イオン交換樹脂に流して、8〜12Mの塩酸の溶出液により吸着されたニッケルの金属のイオンを溶出し、4〜6Mの塩酸の溶出液により吸着された銅のイオンを溶出して、銅のイオンを含有する流出液分画を得る陰イオン交換樹脂吸着工程と、得られた流出液から銅を析出させる析出工程とを含む高純度の銅の製造方法からなる。
【0006】
さらに本発明は、過酸化水素を含む塩酸水溶液における塩酸に対する過酸化水素の量は1〜10重量%とし、また、前記陰イオン交換樹脂吸着工程の前に、磁気により固形分を吸着除去して固液分離を行う磁気吸着工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする。
【0007】
【作用】
本発明の構成によると、反応工程によって、銅の原料粉末は過酸化水素を含む塩酸水溶液と反応し、銅は錯イオンの形となって溶解し、原料粉末中の不純物である金属類も錯イオンあるいは陽イオンの形となって銅とともに溶解する。一方、反応せず溶けずに残った不純物を含む固形物は磁力による吸着や濾過などの固液分離により溶液中から除去される。次いで、陰イオン交換樹脂吸着工程によって、不純物のイオン類を含む銅の錯イオンからなる反応処理液を、陰イオン交換樹脂と接触させて不純物の重金属類のイオンおよび銅の錯イオンを吸着させることにより、陰イオン交換樹脂に吸着されなかった例えばアルカリ金属のような不純物と分離する。次いで、吸着した各々の重金属類の陰イオン交換樹脂に対する吸着量が、溶液の酸濃度により変化し、各金属のイオンを選択的に解離させることができることを利用して、酸濃度を変化させた溶出液を用い順次陰イオン交換樹脂に流すことにより金属のイオンを溶出させ、銅の錯イオンを含有する流出液分画を分取することにより、銅と重金属不純物とを分離し、銅の錯イオン溶液である流出液を得る。その後、析出工程により、例えば、得られた銅の錯イオンを含む流出液を電解液に用い電解を行い、カソードに純銅を析出させることにより高純度の金属銅を得ることができる。すなわち本発明は、過酸化水素を含む塩酸で銅を溶かし、得られた液を陰イオン交換樹脂により精製し、精製された液から電解により金属銅を得る一連の工程により高純度の銅を製造することを特徴としている。以下、各工程について詳細に説明する。
【0008】
本発明における第一の反応工程は、従来公知の方法で製造された不純物の多い銅粉末を過酸化水素を含む塩酸水溶液を用いて反応し溶解させ、銅の錯イオンを形成させる工程である。
【0009】
銅粉末としては市販されているものを用いることができる。銅粉末の粒径は反応に要する時間に影響を与え、粒径が大きいと反応に要する時間が長くなり、生産性の点から好ましくない。逆に、粒径が細かい場合には反応に要する時間は短くなり生産性の面からは好ましいが、反応が激しく起こり制御するのが煩雑になる。従って、好ましい銅粉末の粒径の範囲としては、通常、0.1〜100μm、特に、1〜30μmの範囲のものを用いると反応の制御が容易となり生産性の面からも好ましい結果を得ることができる。
【0010】
塩酸は、銅のような金属を溶かし水溶液として精製処理を行うために用いるものであり、また、同時に使用する過酸化水素は酸化剤として働き、塩酸による金属類の反応を促進し、また、高原子価の状態の金属錯体を生成させ、次工程における陰イオン交換樹脂への吸着および脱着を容易にするために塩酸に添加して用いる。
【0011】
本工程では、過酸化水素を含む塩酸水溶液で粉末銅を処理し、銅を原料の銅に含まれる不純物である金属類とともに溶解し、該溶液に溶けなかった不純物は固形物として濾過や次にのべる磁気吸着などにより分離除去して、銅のイオンを含む処理液を得る。
【0012】
銅および不純物の金属類についての反応の詳細は必ずしも明確ではないが、銅は過酸化水素により酸化され、塩酸のクロルイオンと反応し2価の銅のクロル錯体アニオンを生じるものと思われる。一方、他の重金属類は同様な錯イオンを形成として存在するものや、錯イオンを形成せず陽イオンの形で存在するものなど種々の形で存在し、また、アルカリ金属などは陽イオンの形で存在しているものと思われる。
【0013】
銅粉末を溶解するのに必要な塩酸濃度は、4〜12Mの範囲が適当であり、塩酸濃度が高いほど銅粉末の溶解時間が短くなる傾向がみられる。また、塩酸とともに用いる過酸化水素は、酸化剤として用いるものであり、塩酸に対して1〜10重量%の範囲が好ましく、塩酸に対する過酸化水素の量が10重量%を超える場合には銅粉末の溶解時間が長くなり、1重量%未満の場合には水の蒸発の際に要する熱エネルギーが増大する傾向がある。特に好ましい過酸化水素の濃度としては3〜7重量%である。
【0014】
また、過酸化水素を含む塩酸水溶液を調製するには、一般に、塩酸は市販されている濃塩酸を用い、また、過酸化水素は過酸化水素水を用いて行うが、この過酸化水素濃度は5〜35重量%、好ましくは20〜35重量%のものを用いて調合を行う。過酸化水素水の濃度が35重量%を超えると取扱が極めて困難となり、また、濃度が5重量%よりも低い場合は、取扱上の問題は解消されるものの、大量の処理液を扱わねばならず、処理後の銅の錯イオンの濃度をあげるために濃縮など余分な工程が必要となり生産コストアップの原因となる。
【0015】
図1に示すような反応容器1に、銅粉末および薬剤の注入槽4から銅粉末1重量部に対し1〜3重量部の過酸化水素を含んだ塩酸水溶液とを投入し、80〜120℃で、2〜4時間、攪拌装置3により攪拌することによって反応を完結させ、銅のイオンを含む処理液を得る。反応の進行とともに、液の色は黄色となる。
【0016】
反応後、溶けずに残った固形物は濾過などの固液分離手段を用いて除去するが、特に、鉄やニッケルなどの重金属類を除去するため、磁気によりこれらの不溶物を捕集し分離する磁気吸着を行い、これらの不純物を予め取り除くようにすると、次工程である陰イオン交換樹脂吸着工程での負担が軽減され、好ましい結果が得られる。この磁気吸着は図1に示すように例えばテトラフルオロエチレンなどのフッ素系樹脂のような耐酸、耐過酸化水素性の容器1の外側に磁石2を配置して、銅粉末を酸に溶かしながら同時に行うことができ、また、溶解後、陰イオン交換樹脂吸着工程の前に、処理液を磁石の間を通すようにして別途行うこともできる。このようにして得られた銅のイオンを含む処理液を、次ぎに示す第二の工程によりさらに精製する。
【0017】
本発明における第二の工程は、上述の第一の工程で得られた処理液を陰イオン交換樹脂に接触させた後、酸濃度を変えた流出液を用いて陰イオン交換樹脂に流し吸着された金属を溶出させ、銅を含む流出液を得る工程である。
【0018】
用いる陰イオン交換樹脂としては、例えば、ポリスチレンとジビニルベンゼンの共重合体を基体とし、強塩基性の第4級アンモニウム基を交換体としたジビニルベンゼン8モル%程度を含む陰イオン交換樹脂があり、陰イオンはCl型であることが好ましい。また、陰イオン交換樹脂の粒径は、処理すべき水溶液の量、精製効率、液流速などの因子によって適時選定することになるが、通常、75〜150メッシュの粒径のものが用いられる。
【0019】
不純物のイオンと銅のイオンとを分離するためには、陰イオン交換樹脂に第一の反応工程で得られた処理液を流し、銅などのイオンを吸着させる。この処理により、鉄やニッケルなど不純物の金属イオンも銅とともに陰イオン交換樹脂に吸着されるが、アルカリ金属などの不純物は吸着されず通過してしまい分離される。
【0020】
銅など金属類の陰イオン交換樹脂への吸着は、主に、陰イオン交換樹脂中のクロルイオンと溶液中の銅のクロル錯体アニオンとがイオン交換を起こし、銅のクロル錯体は樹脂に固定され、クロルイオンが溶液中に流れ出ることによって起こると思われる。従って、陰イオン交換樹脂への金属類の吸着量は、例えば錯体の生成速度や安定性などの金属の錯体自体の性質および溶媒中の酸濃度、特にクロルイオンの濃度によって左右されるものと考えられる。
【0021】
次に、陰イオン交換樹脂に吸着された銅および鉄、ニッケル、クロムのような不純物である重金属類から銅のみを取り出すため、酸濃度を変えた溶出液を陰イオン交換樹脂に流して、金属のイオンを溶出させる。
【0022】
これは、前述のように陰イオン交換樹脂に対する金属イオンの吸着量が個々の金属の錯体の性質および溶液のクロルイオン濃度によって変化することを利用する。すなわち、例えば、ニッケル、クロムなどの不純物である重金属類は溶液の酸濃度、すなわちクロルイオン濃度が高くなると、平衡は溶液中のクロル錯体が増加する方向に移動し、樹脂に固定されているクロル錯体の量は減少し、溶液中にクロル錯体が解離してくる。一方、銅は酸化され状態で2価の銅クロル錯体として存在しており、この錯体は溶液中のクロルイオンによりむしろ樹脂中で安定にクロル錯体を形成し固定されるようになる傾向があり、溶出液の酸濃度が高くなっても解離せず、解離させるためには溶液の酸濃度、すなわちクロルイオン濃度を低下する必要がある。具体的には、この金属の溶出に必要な溶出液の酸濃度は塩酸の場合、ニッケル、クロムの場合8〜12M、銅では、4〜6Mの塩酸である。
【0023】
また、鉄を解離するためにはさらに低いクロルイオン濃度の溶液にする必要があり、具体的には、2M以下の硝酸で処理することにより溶出させることができる。
【0024】
このように酸濃度を高濃度から低能度の塩酸へと変化させた溶出液を用い陰イオン交換樹脂に流し、流出液を分取することにより、不純物を含まない銅のイオンを含有する分画を得ることができる。なお、溶出後の陰イオン交換樹脂は水および塩酸を用いて再生し、再使用することができる。
【0025】
以上のように、過酸化水素を含む塩酸で反応し、反応液を陰イオン交換樹脂により吸着処理することによって、従来の技術である電解精製で完全に除去できなかった鉄その他の不純物を完全に除去することができる。また、本工程の前に磁気吸着や濾過などの操作により、陰イオン交換樹脂吸着時に吸着除去されるべき不純物の量を減少させ吸着処理を容易とし、また、陰イオン交換樹脂の汚れや劣化を防止し長期間の使用を可能とする。
【0026】
なお、上述の陰イオン交換樹脂の代わりに陽イオン交換樹脂を用いて行うこともできるが、この場合には溶出液の酸にフッ化水素酸を用いて溶出を行うが、ニッケル、クロムと銅の分離効率が陰イオン交換樹脂に比べてやや低くなる傾向がみられる。
【0027】
本発明の第三の工程は、上記第二工程で得られた流出液から銅を析出する工程で、例えば、電解精製によりカソードに純銅(電気銅)として析出させることができる。
【0028】
電解精製は、上記第二工程で得られた流出液に、または必要により濃縮した後の流出液に、電解液中の銅:硫酸が1:3〜6の割合になるように硫酸を添加して強酸化性硫酸銅溶液とした液を電解液として用い、高純度のカーボンあるいは白金をアノードとし、純銅板(種板)をカソードとして、電流密度150〜300A/m2 、浴電圧0.2〜0.4Vで電解して、カソードに金属銅を析出させることによって行う。
【0029】
以上の工程を経て得られた銅はきわめて純度が高いものであり、このような超高純度銅の特性としては導電率が高いことがあげられ、ULSI用配線として用いることができる。
【0030】
次に実施例によって本発明をさらに詳しく説明する。
【0031】
【実施例】
内壁が四フッ化エチレン重合体でつくられた図1に示す容器に、原料として粗銅粉末1kgを採り、9Mの塩酸50リットルおよび30重量%の過酸化水素水15リットルからなる混合液を加え、4時間攪拌して粉末銅を溶かした後、1時間静置させ磁気吸着を行い処理液を得た。
【0032】
次に、陰イオン交換樹脂として強塩基性ジビニルベンゼンGEL CA080(商品名、平均粒径:75〜150メッシュ、三菱化成社製)1000gを、長さ400mm、直径35mmのポリプロピレン製カラムに充填し、純水および塩酸で洗浄し十分に膨潤させた。ついで、第一の反応工程で得られた処理液をカラムに流し陰イオン交換樹脂に金属類を吸着させた。その後、9Mの塩酸5リットルを5回に分けてカラムに流し、ニッケル、クロムなどの不純物を溶出させた。次いで、4.8Mの塩酸8リットルを8回に分けてカラムに流して、銅を含む流出液をテフロン製の密閉容器中に採取する。
【0033】
第三の工程として、得られた流出液に硫酸を加えて電解液を調製し、アノードに白金極を用い、カソードに純銅を用い、表1に示す条件(実験例1〜4)で電解しカソードに金属銅を析出させた。得られた純銅を原子吸光法を用いて分析した結果を表2に示す。なお、比較として従来法による精製である電解精製を用い、粗銅粉末を硫酸に溶解し電解液とし、カソードに析出させて製造した銅を分析した結果もあわせて表2に示した。
【0034】
【表1】
【表2】
表2の結果より、本発明による精製法によって、従来の電解精製に比べて不純物の量は1/10〜50となり、きわめて高純度の銅を得ることができることがわかる。
【0035】
また、本発明の精製工程における陰イオン交換樹脂による吸着および脱着では、酸化剤を加えた酸で金属を溶解した液を陰イオン交換樹脂に吸着させ、溶出液の酸濃度を変化させた溶出液を流すというきわめて簡単な操作で、個々の金属類を溶出することができる。本実施例では、溶出液の酸濃度が高いものから低いものへと流す場合について説明したが、逆に、低い酸濃度のものから高いものへと変化させて溶出させることもできる。また、陰イオン交換樹脂による金属の精製の対象は、銅に限らず、陰イオン交換樹脂に金属イオンを吸着させ、その後、溶出液の組成や濃度を変化させることにより、種々の金属を選択的に溶出させ、各金属を高純度に精製することができる。
【0036】
【発明の効果】
本発明によると、煩雑な操作を必要としない簡便な金属類の精製方法が提供され、極めて高い純度の銅を効率的に得ることができる。従って、半導体や各種金属工業で要求されつつある高純度の金属を提供することが可能となり、例えば、半導体製造プロセスなどにおける製品の品質向上に大きく寄与することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】銅粉を過酸化水素を含む塩酸水溶液によって反応し、溶解させるための装置の一例を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
1 反応容器
2 磁石
3 攪拌装置
4 薬剤の注入槽[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to a method for producing high-purity copper, and more particularly, to reduce the content of impurities represented by alkali metals such as sodium and potassium; and heavy metals such as iron, nickel and chromium to the order of ppt. And a method for easily producing extremely high purity copper.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in order to obtain high-purity copper except impurities such as iron, nickel and chromium contained in copper, crude copper obtained by a dry smelting method is used as an anode, and a strongly acidic copper sulfate solution is used as an electrolytic solution. A pure copper plate is used as a cathode, and electrolysis is performed by direct current to obtain high-purity copper (electrolytic copper) from the cathode. However, with the development of semiconductor technology, higher-purity copper is required. Particularly, copper used as wiring for ULSI is required to have extremely high purity without trace impurities.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the purity of copper obtained by such electrolytic refining is of the 6N level (99.9999%), and has the following problems. For example, when an alkali metal such as sodium or potassium is present as an impurity, the flat band voltage or the threshold voltage is changed, which causes instability of MOS characteristics and causes deterioration of oxide film breakdown voltage. In addition, heavy metals such as iron and nickel cause minute defects, and there has been a problem that, in places touched by stainless steel or the like, wafer defects occur due to oxidation, and thus cannot be used.
[0004]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problem and to provide a method for producing extremely high-purity copper having an impurity content on the order of ppt.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention is a method for producing high-purity copper, a process of treating and dissolving copper containing at least nickel as an impurity with an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution containing hydrogen peroxide to obtain a treatment solution containing copper ions, After contacting the treatment solution with an anion exchange resin and adsorbing copper ions to the anion exchange resin, the eluate obtained by changing the hydrochloric acid concentration from a high concentration to a low concentration is passed through the anion exchange resin, The nickel metal ions adsorbed by the eluate of 8 to 12 M hydrochloric acid are eluted, and the copper ions adsorbed by the 4 to 6 M hydrochloric acid eluate are eluted, and the effluent containing copper ions is eluted. It comprises a method for producing high-purity copper, which comprises a step of adsorbing an anion-exchange resin for obtaining an image, and a step of depositing copper from the obtained effluent.
[0006]
Further, in the present invention, the amount of hydrogen peroxide with respect to hydrochloric acid in the aqueous hydrochloric acid solution containing hydrogen peroxide is set to 1 to 10% by weight, and solids are adsorbed and removed by magnetism before the anion exchange resin adsorption step. The method further includes a magnetic adsorption step of performing solid-liquid separation.
[0007]
[Action]
According to the structure of the present invention, the copper raw material powder reacts with a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution containing hydrogen peroxide in the reaction step, copper is dissolved in the form of complex ions, and metals as impurities in the raw material powder are also complexed. Dissolves with copper in the form of ions or cations. On the other hand, solids containing impurities remaining without being dissolved without reacting are removed from the solution by solid-liquid separation such as adsorption by magnetic force or filtration. Next, in a step of adsorbing anion exchange resin, a reaction treatment solution comprising copper complex ions containing impurity ions is brought into contact with the anion exchange resin to adsorb impurities heavy metal ions and copper complex ions. Thereby, impurities separated from the anion exchange resin, such as, for example, alkali metals, are separated. Next, the amount of each heavy metal adsorbed to the anion exchange resin was changed according to the acid concentration of the solution, and the acid concentration was changed by utilizing the fact that ions of each metal could be selectively dissociated. The metal ions are eluted by successively flowing the solution through an anion exchange resin using an eluate, and copper and heavy metal impurities are separated by separating an effluent fraction containing copper complex ions to form a copper complex. An effluent, which is an ionic solution, is obtained. Thereafter, in a deposition step, for example, electrolysis is performed using the obtained effluent containing the complex ion of copper as an electrolytic solution, and pure copper is deposited on the cathode, whereby high-purity metallic copper can be obtained. That is, the present invention produces high-purity copper by a series of steps of dissolving copper with hydrochloric acid containing hydrogen peroxide, purifying the obtained liquid with an anion exchange resin, and obtaining metallic copper by electrolysis from the purified liquid. It is characterized by doing. Hereinafter, each step will be described in detail.
[0008]
The first reaction step in the present invention is a step of reacting and dissolving copper powder containing a large amount of impurities produced by a conventionally known method using an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution containing hydrogen peroxide to form copper complex ions.
[0009]
Commercially available copper powder can be used. The particle size of the copper powder affects the time required for the reaction. If the particle size is large, the time required for the reaction becomes longer, which is not preferable in terms of productivity. Conversely, when the particle size is small, the time required for the reaction is short, which is preferable from the viewpoint of productivity, but the reaction is violent and the control becomes complicated. Therefore, the preferred range of the particle size of the copper powder is usually from 0.1 to 100 μm, particularly from 1 to 30 μm. Can be.
[0010]
Hydrochloric acid is used for dissolving a metal such as copper to carry out purification treatment as an aqueous solution, and hydrogen peroxide used at the same time acts as an oxidizing agent to promote the reaction of metals with hydrochloric acid, A metal complex in a valence state is formed and added to hydrochloric acid to facilitate adsorption and desorption to and from the anion exchange resin in the next step.
[0011]
In this step, powdered copper is treated with an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution containing hydrogen peroxide, copper is dissolved together with metals, which are impurities contained in the raw material copper, and impurities not dissolved in the solution are filtered as solids and then filtered. The solution is separated and removed by magnetic adsorption or the like to obtain a treatment solution containing copper ions.
[0012]
Although the details of the reaction for copper and impurities metals are not always clear, it is believed that the copper is oxidized by hydrogen peroxide and reacts with the chloride ion of hydrochloric acid to produce a divalent copper chloro complex anion. On the other hand, other heavy metals exist in various forms such as those which form similar complex ions and those which do not form complex ions and exist in the form of cations.Alkali metals and the like exist in the form of cations. It seems to exist in form.
[0013]
The concentration of hydrochloric acid necessary for dissolving the copper powder is appropriately in the range of 4 to 12M, and the higher the concentration of hydrochloric acid, the shorter the dissolution time of the copper powder tends to be. Hydrogen peroxide used together with hydrochloric acid is used as an oxidizing agent, and is preferably in the range of 1 to 10% by weight with respect to hydrochloric acid. When the amount of hydrogen peroxide with respect to hydrochloric acid exceeds 10% by weight, copper powder is used. If the dissolution time is less than 1% by weight, the heat energy required for evaporating water tends to increase. A particularly preferred concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 3 to 7% by weight.
[0014]
In addition, in order to prepare an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution containing hydrogen peroxide, generally, a commercially available concentrated hydrochloric acid is used for the hydrochloric acid, and the hydrogen peroxide is performed using a hydrogen peroxide solution. The preparation is carried out using 5-35% by weight, preferably 20-35% by weight. If the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution exceeds 35% by weight, handling becomes extremely difficult. If the concentration is less than 5% by weight, the handling problem is solved, but a large amount of the processing solution must be handled. In addition, an extra step such as concentration is required to increase the concentration of the complex ion of copper after the treatment, which causes an increase in production cost.
[0015]
A hydrochloric acid aqueous solution containing 1 to 3 parts by weight of hydrogen peroxide per 1 part by weight of copper powder is charged into a reaction vessel 1 as shown in FIG. Then, the reaction is completed by stirring with the stirring
[0016]
After the reaction, the solids that remain undissolved are removed using solid-liquid separation means such as filtration.In particular, to remove heavy metals such as iron and nickel, these insolubles are collected and separated by magnetism. When the magnetic adsorption is performed to remove these impurities in advance, the burden on the subsequent step of adsorbing the anion exchange resin is reduced, and a favorable result is obtained. As shown in FIG. 1, the magnetic adsorption is performed by disposing a magnet 2 outside an acid-resistant and hydrogen-peroxide-resistant container 1 such as a fluororesin such as tetrafluoroethylene and dissolving the copper powder in the acid. Alternatively, after the dissolution, before the adsorption step of the anion exchange resin, the treatment liquid may be separately passed through a space between the magnets. The treatment liquid containing the copper ions thus obtained is further purified by the following second step.
[0017]
In the second step of the present invention, after the treatment liquid obtained in the first step is brought into contact with the anion exchange resin, the treatment liquid is flowed and adsorbed to the anion exchange resin using an effluent having a changed acid concentration. This is a step of eluted metal and obtain an effluent containing copper.
[0018]
As an anion exchange resin to be used, for example, there is an anion exchange resin containing about 8 mol% of divinylbenzene using a copolymer of polystyrene and divinylbenzene as a base and a strongly basic quaternary ammonium group as an exchanger. Preferably, the anion is of the Cl type. The particle size of the anion exchange resin is appropriately selected depending on factors such as the amount of the aqueous solution to be treated, the purification efficiency, and the liquid flow rate. Usually, a particle having a particle size of 75 to 150 mesh is used.
[0019]
In order to separate impurity ions and copper ions, the treatment liquid obtained in the first reaction step is passed through an anion exchange resin to adsorb ions such as copper. By this treatment, metal ions of impurities such as iron and nickel are also adsorbed on the anion exchange resin together with copper, but impurities such as alkali metals pass through without being adsorbed and are separated.
[0020]
The adsorption of metals such as copper on the anion exchange resin mainly involves ion exchange between the chloride ion in the anion exchange resin and the chloro complex anion of copper in the solution, and the chloro complex of copper is fixed to the resin. It is thought to be caused by chloride ions flowing out into solution. Therefore, it is considered that the amount of the metal adsorbed on the anion exchange resin depends on the properties of the metal complex itself such as, for example, the rate of formation and stability of the complex, and the acid concentration in the solvent, particularly the chloride ion concentration. Can be
[0021]
Next, in order to extract only copper from copper and heavy metals such as iron, nickel and chromium adsorbed on the anion exchange resin, an eluate having a different acid concentration is passed through the anion exchange resin, and the metal is removed. Is eluted.
[0022]
This utilizes the fact that the amount of metal ions adsorbed on the anion exchange resin varies depending on the nature of the complex of each metal and the chlor ion concentration of the solution, as described above. That is, for example, as for the heavy metals which are impurities such as nickel and chromium, when the acid concentration of the solution, that is, the chloride ion concentration becomes high, the equilibrium moves in a direction in which the chloro complex in the solution increases, and the chlorinated resin is fixed to the resin. The amount of the complex decreases and the chloro complex dissociates in the solution. On the other hand, copper is present in an oxidized state as a divalent copper chloro complex, and this complex tends to form a chloro complex more stably and fix in a resin rather than chlor ions in a solution, It does not dissociate even when the acid concentration of the eluate increases, and it is necessary to lower the acid concentration of the solution, that is, the chloride ion concentration, in order to dissociate. Specifically, the acid concentration of the eluate required for elution of this metal is 8 to 12 M for nickel and chromium for hydrochloric acid, and 4 to 6 M for copper.
[0023]
Further, in order to dissociate iron, it is necessary to prepare a solution having a lower chlorion concentration, and specifically, it can be eluted by treating with nitric acid of 2M or less.
[0024]
The eluate in which the acid concentration was changed from high concentration to low-efficiency hydrochloric acid as described above was flowed through an anion exchange resin, and the effluent was fractionated to fractionate the fraction containing copper ions containing no impurities. Can be obtained. The anion exchange resin after elution can be regenerated with water and hydrochloric acid and reused.
[0025]
As described above, by reacting with hydrochloric acid containing hydrogen peroxide and adsorbing the reaction solution with an anion exchange resin, iron and other impurities that could not be completely removed by the conventional electrolytic refining are completely removed. Can be removed. In addition, prior to this step, the amount of impurities to be adsorbed and removed at the time of adsorption of the anion exchange resin is reduced by operations such as magnetic adsorption and filtration to facilitate the adsorption treatment, and to prevent contamination and deterioration of the anion exchange resin. Prevent and enable long-term use.
[0026]
It should be noted that cation exchange resin can be used instead of the above-described anion exchange resin.In this case, elution is performed using hydrofluoric acid as the acid of the eluate, but nickel, chromium and copper are used. Tends to be slightly lower than that of the anion exchange resin.
[0027]
The third step of the present invention is a step of depositing copper from the effluent obtained in the second step. For example, the copper can be deposited as pure copper (electrolytic copper) on the cathode by electrolytic purification.
[0028]
In the electrolytic purification, sulfuric acid is added to the effluent obtained in the second step or to the effluent after concentration as necessary so that the ratio of copper: sulfuric acid in the electrolytic solution is 1: 3 to 6. Using a solution prepared as a strong oxidizing copper sulfate solution as an electrolytic solution, using high-purity carbon or platinum as an anode, a pure copper plate (seed plate) as a cathode, a current density of 150 to 300 A / m 2 , and a bath voltage of 0.2 It is carried out by electrolysis at ~ 0.4V to deposit metallic copper on the cathode.
[0029]
Copper obtained through the above steps has extremely high purity. Such ultra-high-purity copper has high conductivity, and can be used as a wiring for ULSI.
[0030]
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples.
[0031]
【Example】
1 kg of crude copper powder was taken as a raw material, and a mixed solution consisting of 50 liters of 9M hydrochloric acid and 15 liters of 30% by weight hydrogen peroxide solution was added to a container shown in FIG. 1 having an inner wall made of a tetrafluoroethylene polymer, After stirring for 4 hours to dissolve the copper powder, the solution was allowed to stand for 1 hour to perform magnetic adsorption to obtain a treatment liquid.
[0032]
Next, 1000 g of strongly basic divinylbenzene GEL CA080 (trade name, average particle size: 75 to 150 mesh, manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei) as an anion exchange resin was packed into a polypropylene column having a length of 400 mm and a diameter of 35 mm, It was washed with pure water and hydrochloric acid and swelled sufficiently. Next, the treatment liquid obtained in the first reaction step was passed through a column to adsorb metals on an anion exchange resin. Thereafter, 5 liters of 9M hydrochloric acid was flown into the column in five portions to elute impurities such as nickel and chromium. Next, 8 liters of 4.8 M hydrochloric acid are flown into the column in eight portions, and the effluent containing copper is collected in a Teflon-made closed container.
[0033]
As a third step, an electrolytic solution was prepared by adding sulfuric acid to the obtained effluent, and electrolysis was performed under the conditions shown in Table 1 (Experimental Examples 1 to 4) using a platinum electrode for the anode and pure copper for the cathode. Metallic copper was deposited on the cathode. Table 2 shows the result of analyzing the obtained pure copper by using an atomic absorption method. As a comparison, Table 2 also shows the results of analysis of copper produced by dissolving crude copper powder in sulfuric acid to form an electrolyte solution and depositing it on a cathode using electrolytic purification which is a conventional purification method.
[0034]
[Table 1]
[Table 2]
From the results shown in Table 2, it can be seen that the amount of impurities is reduced to 1/10 to 50 by the purification method of the present invention as compared with the conventional electrolytic purification, and extremely high-purity copper can be obtained.
[0035]
In addition, in the adsorption and desorption by the anion exchange resin in the purification step of the present invention, a solution obtained by dissolving a metal with an acid to which an oxidizing agent is added is adsorbed on the anion exchange resin, and the eluate obtained by changing the acid concentration of the eluate is used. The individual metals can be eluted by a very simple operation of flowing water. In the present embodiment, the case where the eluate is flowed from one having a high acid concentration to one having a low acid concentration has been described. Conversely, elution can be carried out by changing from a low acid concentration to a high acid concentration. In addition, the object of metal purification by anion exchange resin is not limited to copper, but metal ions can be adsorbed on anion exchange resin and then various metals can be selectively selected by changing the composition and concentration of the eluate. And each metal can be purified to high purity.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the simple method of refine | purifying metals which does not require complicated operation is provided, and copper of extremely high purity can be efficiently obtained. Therefore, it is possible to provide a high-purity metal that is being demanded in the semiconductor and various metal industries, and it can greatly contribute to improving the quality of products in, for example, a semiconductor manufacturing process.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of an apparatus for reacting and dissolving copper powder with an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution containing hydrogen peroxide.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Reaction container 2
Claims (1)
不純物として少なくともニッケルを含む銅を過酸化水素を含む塩酸水溶液で処理し溶解させ、銅のイオンを含む処理液を得る反応工程と、
該処理液を陰イオン交換樹脂と接触させ、銅のイオンを陰イオン交換樹脂に吸着させた後、塩酸濃度を高濃度から低濃度へと変化させた溶出液を陰イオン交換樹脂に流して、8〜12Mの塩酸の溶出液により吸着されたニッケルの金属のイオンを溶出し、4〜6Mの塩酸の溶出液により吸着された銅のイオンを溶出して、銅のイオンを含有する流出液分画を得る陰イオン交換樹脂吸着工程と、
得られた流出液から銅を析出させる析出工程と、
を含む高純度の銅の製造方法。A method for producing high-purity copper,
A reaction step of treating and dissolving copper containing at least nickel as an impurity with a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution containing hydrogen peroxide to obtain a treatment liquid containing copper ions,
After contacting the treatment solution with an anion exchange resin and adsorbing copper ions to the anion exchange resin, the eluate obtained by changing the hydrochloric acid concentration from a high concentration to a low concentration is passed through the anion exchange resin, The adsorbed nickel metal ions are eluted by an 8-12 M hydrochloric acid eluate, the adsorbed copper ions are eluted by a 4-6 M hydrochloric acid eluate, and the effluent containing copper ions is eluted. Anion exchange resin adsorption step to obtain a picture,
A precipitation step of depositing copper from the obtained effluent,
Production method of high purity copper containing.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22174294A JP3589708B2 (en) | 1994-09-16 | 1994-09-16 | Production method of high purity copper |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP22174294A JP3589708B2 (en) | 1994-09-16 | 1994-09-16 | Production method of high purity copper |
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| JP3589708B2 true JP3589708B2 (en) | 2004-11-17 |
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