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JP3590837B2 - Photoreduction method of carbon dioxide - Google Patents
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JP3590837B2 - Photoreduction method of carbon dioxide - Google Patents

Photoreduction method of carbon dioxide Download PDF

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JP3590837B2
JP3590837B2 JP2000375672A JP2000375672A JP3590837B2 JP 3590837 B2 JP3590837 B2 JP 3590837B2 JP 2000375672 A JP2000375672 A JP 2000375672A JP 2000375672 A JP2000375672 A JP 2000375672A JP 3590837 B2 JP3590837 B2 JP 3590837B2
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carbon dioxide
pressure
metal
organic solvent
complex
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JP2002179420A (en
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久男 堀
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National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、二酸化炭素を有機溶媒中で光還元し、一酸化炭素を効率的に生成する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、地球の温暖化現象が問題視されているが、これは主に地球の二酸化炭素濃度の加速度的な増加によるものである。
この地球上の二酸化炭素の高濃度化現象を早期かつ大幅に抑制・低下させることは、いまや国内外を問わず全世界の共通目標とされ、そのための国際フォーラムや検討会、研究会などが数多く設置され、その効果的な対策が真剣に議論されているところである。
【0003】
二酸化炭素濃度を抑制・低減させる方法として、二酸化炭素の放出それ自体を制限するという、マクロ的・中長期的な方法が注目を集めているが、その他に、二酸化炭素を化学的方法や光化学的手法により固定化し資源化するといった、二酸化炭素の再資源化技術も検討され始めている。
【0004】
この中でも、光化学的方法は、植物の光合成と同様に、光エネルギーを利用して、二酸化炭素を金属錯体触媒の存在下で光還元し、二酸化炭素から一酸化炭素やギ酸などの有機化合物を得るもので、太陽光の直接利用、省エネ・無公害型の特長をもつことから、二酸化炭素の再資源化法として特に期待されている。
【0005】
このような、金属錯体触媒から構成される光触媒を用いる二酸化炭素の光還元方法としては、これまでに、(1)レニウム錯体(レニウムビピリジントリカルボニルクロライド)を光触媒として用いた脂肪族アミンによる有機溶媒中での光還元法(Helv.Chim.Acta.69,1990(1986)、(2)ビピリジウムジカチオン、光増感剤及び還元剤を含む水性媒体に光を照射する光還元法(特開昭59−112938号)
などが知られている。
【0006】
(1)のレニウム錯体を利用する方法は、それ自身他の光増感剤を必要とせず光増感剤と触媒の両方の働きをし、また選択的に一酸化炭素が得られるという、特長があるが、一酸化炭素の生成効率が極めて低いという難点がある。
【0007】
(2)のビピリジウムジカチオンを用いる方法は、光還元系として、少なくともビピリジウムジカチオン、光増感剤及び還元剤の3種類の組み合わせを使用しなければならず、また水性媒体を利用するので、使用する金属錯体の選択肢が限られ、また生成物はギ酸や蓚酸などの有機化合物がほとんどで一酸化炭素を選択的に得ることが困難であるという問題を包含する。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明はこのような事情の下になされたものであって、光エネルギーを利用する二酸化炭素の還元法において、二酸化炭素から一酸化炭素を簡易な方法で選択的かつ高効率で得ることのできる、二酸化炭素の選択的光還元方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、上記課題を解決するために鋭意検討した結果、有機溶媒中で二酸化炭素を光還元する際に、二酸化炭素を特定な圧力で導入すると共にその圧力下で光照射すると意外にも一酸化炭素が選択に高収率で生成することを知見し本発明を完成するに至った。
すなわち、本発明によれば、第一に、金属−配位子間の電荷吸収バンドを紫外部から可視部に有する金属錯体から選ばれる光触媒と有機アミンから選ばれる電子供与剤を溶解させた有機溶媒中に0.2〜7.5MPa圧の二酸化炭素を導入し、その圧力下において光照射して二酸化炭素を選択的に一酸化炭素に還元することを特徴とする二酸化炭素の光還元方法が提供される。
第二に、第一の方法において、金属錯体が、周期律表第 VII 族金属、第 VIII 族金属、第 II 族金属及び第 VI 族金属から選ばれる少なくとも一種の金属の錯体であることを特徴とする二酸化炭素の光還元法が提供される。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明は、金属−配位子間の電荷吸収バンドを紫外部から可視部に有する金属錯体から選ばれる光触媒と有機アミンから選ばれる電子供与剤を溶解させた有機溶媒中に0.2〜7.5MPa圧の二酸化炭素を導入し、その圧力下において光照射して二酸化炭素を選択的に一酸化炭素に還元することを特徴としている。
【0011】
本発明で用いる光触媒は、光触媒作用を有する金属錯体で、金属−配位子の電荷移動吸収バンドを紫外光領域から可視領域にかけて有するものであれば何れも使用できる。また、本発明の光還元反応は有機溶媒中で行われるため、使用する光触媒は有機溶媒に溶解するものを用いる必要がある。
【0012】
このような、光触媒としては、周期律表第VII族金属、第VIII族金属、第II族金属及び第VI族金属から選ばれる少なくとも一種の金属の錯体が挙げられ、具体的には、レニウム、オスミニウム、ニッケル、コバルト、ルテニウム、亜鉛、ロジウム、クロム、モリブデン、タングステンなどの金属と配位子との錯体を挙げることができる。
【0013】
配位子としては、上記要件を満足するものであれば特別な制約はないが、典型的な配位子としては、CO、ハロゲン、ホスフィン類、含窒素複素環化合物や含窒素複素環化合物、含硫黄複素環化合物等が挙げられる。
【0014】
含窒素複素環化合物としては、例えば、ピリジン、ビピリジン、フェナントロリン、ピロール、インドール、カルバゾール、イミダゾール、ピラゾール、キノリン、イソキノリン、アクリジン、ピリダジン、ピリミジン、ピラジン、フタラジン、キナゾリン、キノキサリンなどを、含酸素複素環化合物としては、フラン、ベンゾフラン、オキサゾール、ピラン、ピロン、クマリン、ベンゾピロンなどを、含硫黄複素環化合物としては、例えば、チオフェン、チオナフテン、チアゾールなどを例示することができる。このような配位子は単独若しくは2種以上の組み合わせで用いることができる。
【0015】
本発明で好ましく使用される光触媒は、レニウム、オスミニウム、ニッケル、コバルト、ルテニウム、亜鉛、ロジウム、クロム、モリブデン、タングステン等の錯体であり、特にレニウム、ルテニウム、ニッケル、コバルト、オスミウム、ロジウム錯体等である。
【0016】
本発明で用いる電子供与剤は、光励起された錯体に電子を供給する作用を奏するもので、このような作用を有する有機アミン類であれば何れも使用できる。また、前記したように、また、本発明の光還元反応は有機溶媒中で行われるため、使用する有機アミン類は有機溶媒に溶解するものを用いる必要がある。
【0017】
このような有機アミン類としては、例えば、1級、2級あるいは3級アミン類等を挙げることができ、これらは単独若しくは2種以上の混合物として使用することができる。また、電子供与剤と同じ効果を電気化学的手法、すなわち電極を使用して行っても良い。本発明で好ましく使用される電子供与剤は、トリエタノールアミン、トリエチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、トリブチルアミン等である。
【0018】
本発明で用いる有機溶媒としては、上記光触媒と電子供与剤を溶解するものであれば何れも使用できる。このような溶媒としては、例えば、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジクロロメタン、アセトニトリル、アセトン、クロロホルム、メタノール、エタノール、イソブロパノール、ジメチルスルホキシド、パーフルオロ溶媒等が挙げられ、これらは単独若しくは2種以上の混合物として用いることができる。 本発明で好ましく使用される溶媒は、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジクロロメタン、アセトニトリルである。
【0019】
有機溶媒中における、光触媒と電子供与剤の使用量は、原料二酸化炭素の濃度等を勘案することにより適宜定められるが、通常、金属錯体は0.001〜2 mol/L、好ましくは0.001〜0.1 mol/Lである。
【0020】
また、電子供与剤の濃度は、通常、光触媒濃度の10〜10000倍、好ましくは500〜2000倍である。
【0021】
本発明においては、有機溶媒中に前記光触媒と電子供与剤を溶解させることを必須とするが、光還元反応を阻害しない範囲で、この種反応に慣用される他の添加剤を添加することができる。このような添加剤としては、例えば、二酸化炭素の有機溶媒への溶解度を高めるためのパーフルオロ基を有するフッ素化合物等を挙げることができる。
【0022】
本発明の光還元反応においては、ついで、有機溶媒中に原料である二酸化炭素を導入し、光還元反応を行うが、最も重要なことは、二酸化炭素の導入圧力を、0.2〜7.5MPa好ましくは2.0〜5.0MPaに制御し、かつこの圧力下で光照射を行う点である。
【0023】
二酸化炭素の導入圧力が0.2MPa未満であると二酸化炭素の有機溶媒中への溶解度は非常に少ないため反応性が低下する。一方7.5MPaを超えると二酸化炭素が液化し、有機溶媒層と混和してガス層がほとんどなくなってしまい、二酸化炭素還元反応が抑制され、本発明の所期の目的を達成することができない。
なお、原料である二酸化炭素は、純粋なものに限定されず、窒素ガス等の反応を阻害しない他のガス等が混入していても問題ない。
【0024】
また、本発明においては、二酸化炭素の導入後、反応系の圧力を二酸化炭素の導入圧力に保持しながら光照射を行う必要がある。
【0025】
反応系の圧力を導入圧力に維持しないと反応系内の圧力変動に伴い、有機溶媒層に乱流が生じて光吸収が乱れる問題が生じるので好ましくない。
なお、二酸化炭素の圧力は温度に敏感であるため温度を一定に保つことが好ましい。
【0026】
光照射条件は特に制約されないが、照射する光の波長は、光触媒の吸収スペクトル領域にしておくことが望ましく、通常200〜800nm好ましくは300〜500nmである。光源に種類は特に制約されず、水銀灯、キセノンランプ、重水素ランプ、太陽光等を光の波長に応じて適宜使用すればよい。
【0027】
光の照射時間も特に制約されず、通常30分以上あれば十分であり、また反応温度は、室温近辺、特に20〜30℃とするのが適当である。
【0028】
以下、本発明の光還元反応を具体的には実施するには次のようにすればよい。まず、光触媒と電子供与剤を光照射ができる耐圧反応容器に入れ、有機溶媒を加えて溶解させる。容器の材質はステンレス、ハステロイ、インコネルなどの合金が常用される。また、容器に付属している、光を導入するための窓材としては光波長成分を吸収しないような材質が選ばれるが、通常、パイレックス、石英、サファイア等が使用される。次に、この容器を二酸化炭素ボンベに接続し、二酸化炭素を導入する。数分〜数十分間放置すれば二酸化炭素が耐圧容器内の有機溶媒層に溶解していくが、コンプレッサーや高速液体クロマトグラフィー用のポンプを用いればより早く導入できる。一定量の二酸化炭素を導入後、耐圧反応容器との接続のバルブを閉じて耐圧反応容器をボンベから切り離し、容器内圧力が0.2〜7.5MPaになるように調製する。次いで、窓を介して光を照射する。この場合、照射中に圧力が変動しないように反応容器を恒温に保つことが望ましい。 反応容器を恒温に保持する方法としては、恒温槽を用いるのが一般的であるが、反応容器周囲にホースを巻き、一定温度の媒体を流すような簡易な方法でも良い。 一定時間の光照射後、反応容器をガス採集袋を接続し、バルブをあけて生成した一酸化炭素ガスを回収する。なお、容器内の有機溶媒も回収し、それに含まれる一酸化炭素などのガスの分離回収を行うことが望ましい。
【0029】
【実施例】
次に、本発明を実施例によりさらに詳細に説明する。
【0030】
実施例1
レニウム錯体[Re(2,2−bipyridine)(CO)P(O−i−C(2.2×10−5モル)をサファイア窓付きステンレス製高圧反応容器(内容量17mL)にいれ、9mLのN,N’−ジメチルホルムアミド・トリエチルアミン混合液(トリエチルアミン濃度0.8M)を加えた。ここに二酸化炭素ガスを圧力が3.5MPaになるまで導入した。サファイア窓を介して365nmの近紫外光を0〜16時間の範囲で照射した。照射後サンプリングバッグを接続し常圧にもどしてガスを回収し、ガスクロマトグラフィーで生成物を分析した。その結果を図1に示す。
生成物は主に一酸化炭素であり、その生成量は3時間まで照射時間に対し直線的に増加した。最終的に16時間照射で118.3mmolの一酸化炭素が得られた。
【0031】
比較例1
実施例1において、二酸化炭素圧力を0.1MPaとした以外は実施例1と同様に光還元反応を行った。その結果を図1に示す。
一酸化炭素の生成は確認されたが、その量は同じ照射時間で実施例1の半分以下であり、最終的に16時間照射で32.6mmolの一酸化炭素が得られるに留まっている。
【0032】
実施例2
レニウム錯体[Re(2,2−bipyridine)(CO)P(O−i−C(2.2×10−5モル)をサファイア窓付きステンレス製高圧反応容器(内容量17mL)にいれ、9mLのN,N’−ジメチルホルムアミド・トリエチルアミン混合液(トリエチルアミン濃度0.8M)を加えた。ここに二酸化炭素ガスを圧力が0.1から10MPaになるまで導入した。 サファイア窓を介して365nmの近紫外光を16時間照射した。照射後サンプリングバッグを接続し常圧にもどしてガスを回収し、ガスクロマトグラフィーで生成物を分析した。その結果を表1に示す。
生成物は主に一酸化炭素であり、その生成量は0.2MPaから急激に増加し、2MPa
〜5MPa付近でピークとなり、7.5MPaを越えると極端に減少した。
【0033】
【表1】

Figure 0003590837
【0034】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、本発明の、光触媒と電子供与剤を溶解させた有機溶媒中に0.2〜7.5MPa圧の二酸化炭素を導入しその圧力下において光照射する、光還元方法によれば、二酸化炭素から一酸化炭素を簡易な方法で選択的かつ高効率で得ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】実施例1と比較例1で得られる一酸化炭素の生成量の変化を表すグラフ。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for efficiently producing carbon monoxide by photoreducing carbon dioxide in an organic solvent.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, the global warming phenomenon has been regarded as a problem, mainly due to the accelerated increase in the global carbon dioxide concentration.
The early and significant suppression and reduction of the global carbon dioxide concentration phenomenon is now a common goal worldwide, both domestically and internationally, and there are numerous international forums, study groups, and study groups. It has been established and its effective countermeasures are being seriously discussed.
[0003]
As a method of controlling and reducing carbon dioxide concentration, macro- and medium- to long-term methods that limit the emission of carbon dioxide itself have been attracting attention. Recycling technology of carbon dioxide, such as fixation and recycling as a method, has also been studied.
[0004]
Among them, the photochemical method uses photoenergy, as in plant photosynthesis, to photoreduce carbon dioxide in the presence of a metal complex catalyst to obtain organic compounds such as carbon monoxide and formic acid from carbon dioxide. It is particularly expected as a method of recycling carbon dioxide because it has the features of direct use of sunlight, energy saving and no pollution.
[0005]
As a method for photoreducing carbon dioxide using a photocatalyst composed of a metal complex catalyst, there have been proposed (1) an organic solvent using an aliphatic amine using a rhenium complex (rhenium bipyridine tricarbonyl chloride) as a photocatalyst. Photoreduction method (Helv. Chim. Acta. 69, 1990 (1986), (2) a photoreduction method of irradiating an aqueous medium containing a bipyridium dication, a photosensitizer and a reducing agent with light (JP No. 59-112938)
Etc. are known.
[0006]
The method (1) using a rhenium complex does not require any other photosensitizer itself, works both as a photosensitizer and a catalyst, and can selectively produce carbon monoxide. However, there is a drawback that the production efficiency of carbon monoxide is extremely low.
[0007]
In the method (2) using a bipyridinium dication, at least three combinations of a bipyridinium cation, a photosensitizer and a reducing agent must be used as a photoreduction system, and an aqueous medium is used. Therefore, the choice of the metal complex to be used is limited, and the product includes an organic compound such as formic acid or oxalic acid in most cases, and it is difficult to selectively obtain carbon monoxide.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made under such circumstances, and in a method of reducing carbon dioxide using light energy, carbon monoxide can be selectively and efficiently obtained from carbon dioxide by a simple method. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for selective photoreduction of carbon dioxide.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventor has conducted intensive studies to solve the above problems, and as a result, when photoreducing carbon dioxide in an organic solvent, surprisingly introducing carbon dioxide at a specific pressure and irradiating light under that pressure. The inventors have found that carbon monoxide is selectively produced in high yield, and have completed the present invention.
That is, according to the present invention, first, an organic material in which a photocatalyst selected from a metal complex having a charge absorption band between a metal and a ligand in a visible region from ultraviolet to an electron donor selected from an organic amine is dissolved. A method for photoreducing carbon dioxide, comprising introducing carbon dioxide at a pressure of 0.2 to 7.5 MPa into a solvent and irradiating light under the pressure to selectively reduce carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide. Provided.
Secondly, in the first method, the metal complex is a complex of at least one metal selected from Group VII metals, Group VIII metals, Group II metals and Group VI metals of the periodic table. Provided is a photoreduction method for carbon dioxide.
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The present invention, metals - 0.2 charge absorption band between a ligand in an organic solvent dissolving the electron donor agent selected from the photocatalyst and an organic amine selected from metal complexes having the visible portion of ultraviolet It is characterized in that carbon dioxide at a pressure of 7.5 MPa is introduced, and the carbon dioxide is selectively reduced to carbon monoxide by light irradiation under the pressure.
[0011]
The photocatalyst used in the present invention can be any metal complex having a photocatalytic action, as long as it has a charge-transfer absorption band of a metal-ligand from the ultraviolet region to the visible region. Further, since the photoreduction reaction of the present invention is performed in an organic solvent, it is necessary to use a photocatalyst that is soluble in the organic solvent.
[0012]
Examples of such a photocatalyst include a complex of at least one metal selected from Group VII metals, Group VIII metals, Group II metals, and Group VI metals of the periodic table, and specifically, rhenium, Examples include complexes of a metal such as osmium, nickel, cobalt, ruthenium, zinc, rhodium, chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten with a ligand.
[0013]
There are no particular restrictions on the ligand as long as it satisfies the above requirements, but typical ligands include CO, halogen, phosphines, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds and nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, And sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds.
[0014]
Examples of the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound include, for example, pyridine, bipyridine, phenanthroline, pyrrole, indole, carbazole, imidazole, pyrazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, acridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, phthalazine, quinazoline, quinoxaline, and the like. Examples of the compound include furan, benzofuran, oxazole, pyran, pyrone, coumarin, and benzopyrone, and examples of the sulfur-containing heterocyclic compound include thiophene, thionaphthene, and thiazole. Such ligands can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0015]
The photocatalyst preferably used in the present invention is a complex of rhenium, osmium, nickel, cobalt, ruthenium, zinc, rhodium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, etc., and particularly, rhenium, ruthenium, nickel, cobalt, osmium, rhodium complex and the like. is there.
[0016]
The electron donor used in the present invention has a function of supplying electrons to the photoexcited complex, and any organic amines having such a function can be used. Further, as described above, since the photoreduction reaction of the present invention is performed in an organic solvent, it is necessary to use organic amines that are soluble in the organic solvent.
[0017]
Examples of such organic amines include primary, secondary and tertiary amines, and these can be used alone or as a mixture of two or more. Further, the same effect as the electron donor may be performed by an electrochemical method, that is, by using an electrode. The electron donor preferably used in the present invention is triethanolamine, triethylamine, diethylamine, tributylamine and the like.
[0018]
As the organic solvent used in the present invention, any solvent can be used as long as it can dissolve the photocatalyst and the electron donor. Such solvents include, for example, dimethylformamide, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, acetone, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, perfluoro solvents and the like, and these are used alone or as a mixture of two or more. be able to. Solvents preferably used in the present invention are dimethylformamide, dichloromethane, acetonitrile.
[0019]
The amount of the photocatalyst and the electron donor used in the organic solvent is appropriately determined in consideration of the concentration of the raw material carbon dioxide and the like. Usually, the metal complex is 0.001 to 2 mol / L, preferably 0.001 mol / L. 0.10.1 mol / L.
[0020]
The concentration of the electron donor is usually 10 to 10000 times, preferably 500 to 2000 times the concentration of the photocatalyst.
[0021]
In the present invention, it is essential to dissolve the photocatalyst and the electron donor in an organic solvent, but as long as the photoreduction reaction is not hindered, other additives commonly used in this kind of reaction may be added. it can. Examples of such an additive include a fluorine compound having a perfluoro group for increasing the solubility of carbon dioxide in an organic solvent.
[0022]
In the photoreduction reaction of the present invention, carbon dioxide, which is a raw material, is then introduced into an organic solvent to perform a photoreduction reaction. Most importantly, the pressure at which carbon dioxide is introduced is 0.2 to 7.0. The control is performed at 5 MPa, preferably 2.0 to 5.0 MPa, and light irradiation is performed under this pressure.
[0023]
If the introduction pressure of carbon dioxide is less than 0.2 MPa, the solubility of carbon dioxide in the organic solvent is very small, and the reactivity is reduced. On the other hand, when the pressure exceeds 7.5 MPa, carbon dioxide is liquefied, mixed with the organic solvent layer, and almost no gas layer is formed, the carbon dioxide reduction reaction is suppressed, and the intended object of the present invention cannot be achieved.
Note that the carbon dioxide as the raw material is not limited to pure one, and there is no problem even if other gases that do not inhibit the reaction such as nitrogen gas are mixed.
[0024]
Further, in the present invention, after the carbon dioxide is introduced, it is necessary to perform light irradiation while maintaining the pressure of the reaction system at the carbon dioxide introduction pressure.
[0025]
Unless the pressure of the reaction system is maintained at the introduction pressure, turbulence occurs in the organic solvent layer due to pressure fluctuations in the reaction system, which causes a problem that light absorption is disturbed.
Since the pressure of carbon dioxide is sensitive to temperature, it is preferable to keep the temperature constant.
[0026]
The light irradiation conditions are not particularly limited, but the wavelength of the light to be irradiated is desirably in the absorption spectrum region of the photocatalyst, and is usually 200 to 800 nm, preferably 300 to 500 nm. The type of the light source is not particularly limited, and a mercury lamp, a xenon lamp, a deuterium lamp, sunlight, or the like may be appropriately used according to the wavelength of light.
[0027]
The light irradiation time is not particularly limited, and usually 30 minutes or more is sufficient. The reaction temperature is suitably around room temperature, particularly preferably 20 to 30 ° C.
[0028]
Hereinafter, the photoreduction reaction of the present invention may be specifically carried out as follows. First, a photocatalyst and an electron donor are placed in a pressure-resistant reaction vessel capable of irradiating light, and dissolved by adding an organic solvent. As the material of the container, alloys such as stainless steel, Hastelloy, and Inconel are commonly used. Further, as a window material for introducing light, which is attached to the container, a material that does not absorb the light wavelength component is selected, and usually Pyrex, quartz, sapphire, or the like is used. Next, this container is connected to a carbon dioxide cylinder and carbon dioxide is introduced. If left for several minutes to tens of minutes, carbon dioxide dissolves in the organic solvent layer in the pressure vessel, but can be introduced more quickly by using a compressor or a pump for high-performance liquid chromatography. After introducing a certain amount of carbon dioxide, the valve connected to the pressure-resistant reaction vessel is closed, the pressure-resistant reaction vessel is separated from the cylinder, and the pressure in the vessel is adjusted to 0.2 to 7.5 MPa. Then, light is irradiated through the window. In this case, it is desirable to keep the reaction vessel at a constant temperature so that the pressure does not fluctuate during irradiation. As a method for maintaining the reaction vessel at a constant temperature, a thermostatic bath is generally used, but a simple method of winding a hose around the reaction vessel and flowing a medium at a constant temperature may be used. After light irradiation for a certain time, the reaction container is connected to a gas collection bag, and the valve is opened to collect the generated carbon monoxide gas. In addition, it is desirable that the organic solvent in the container is also recovered, and the gas such as carbon monoxide contained therein is separated and recovered.
[0029]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.
[0030]
Example 1
A rhenium complex [Re (2,2-bipyridine) (CO) 3 P (OiC 3 H 7 ) 3 ] + (2.2 × 10 −5 mol) was added to a stainless steel high-pressure reaction vessel with a sapphire window (contents: 9 mL of N, N'-dimethylformamide / triethylamine mixed solution (triethylamine concentration 0.8 M). Here, carbon dioxide gas was introduced until the pressure reached 3.5 MPa. Near-ultraviolet light of 365 nm was irradiated through a sapphire window in the range of 0 to 16 hours. After irradiation, a sampling bag was connected, the pressure was returned to normal pressure, the gas was recovered, and the product was analyzed by gas chromatography. The result is shown in FIG.
The product was mainly carbon monoxide, the amount of which increased linearly with irradiation time up to 3 hours. Finally, irradiation for 16 hours provided 118.3 mmol of carbon monoxide.
[0031]
Comparative Example 1
A photoreduction reaction was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the carbon dioxide pressure was changed to 0.1 MPa. The result is shown in FIG.
Although the formation of carbon monoxide was confirmed, the amount was less than half that of Example 1 at the same irradiation time, and only 32.6 mmol of carbon monoxide was finally obtained by irradiation for 16 hours.
[0032]
Example 2
A rhenium complex [Re (2,2-bipyridine) (CO) 3 P (OiC 3 H 7 ) 3 ] + (2.2 × 10 −5 mol) was added to a stainless steel high-pressure reaction vessel with a sapphire window (contents: 9 mL of N, N'-dimethylformamide / triethylamine mixed solution (triethylamine concentration 0.8 M). Here, carbon dioxide gas was introduced until the pressure became 0.1 to 10 MPa. Near-ultraviolet light of 365 nm was irradiated through a sapphire window for 16 hours. After irradiation, a sampling bag was connected, the pressure was returned to normal pressure, the gas was recovered, and the product was analyzed by gas chromatography. Table 1 shows the results.
The product is mainly carbon monoxide, the amount of which increases sharply from 0.2 MPa to 2 MPa
It peaked around 付 近 5 MPa, and extremely decreased when it exceeded 7.5 MPa.
[0033]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003590837
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the photoreduction method of the present invention, in which carbon dioxide at a pressure of 0.2 to 7.5 MPa is introduced into an organic solvent in which a photocatalyst and an electron donor are dissolved and light is irradiated under the pressure. In addition, carbon monoxide can be selectively and efficiently obtained from carbon dioxide by a simple method.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing a change in the amount of carbon monoxide produced in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.

Claims (2)

金属−配位子間の電荷吸収バンドを紫外部から可視部に有する金属錯体から選ばれる光触媒と有機アミンから選ばれる電子供与剤とを溶解させた有機溶媒中に0.2〜7.5MPa圧の二酸化炭素を導入し、その圧力下において光照射して二酸化炭素を選択的に一酸化炭素に還元することを特徴とする二酸化炭素の光還元方法。0.2-7.5 MPa pressure in an organic solvent in which a photocatalyst selected from a metal complex having a charge absorption band between a metal and a ligand in the visible region from ultraviolet to ultraviolet and an electron donor selected from organic amine are dissolved. A method for photoreducing carbon dioxide, comprising introducing carbon dioxide and irradiating light under the pressure to selectively reduce carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide. 金属錯体が、周期律表第The metal complex is VIIVII 族金属、第Group metal, No. VIIIVIII 族金属、第Group metal, No. IIII 族金属及び第Group metals and VIVI 族金属から選ばれる少なくとも一種の金属の錯体であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二酸化炭素の光還元法。2. The method for photoreducing carbon dioxide according to claim 1, wherein the method is a complex of at least one metal selected from group metals.
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