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JP3590995B2 - Exhaust gas purification device - Google Patents
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JP3590995B2 - Exhaust gas purification device - Google Patents

Exhaust gas purification device Download PDF

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JP3590995B2
JP3590995B2 JP17563994A JP17563994A JP3590995B2 JP 3590995 B2 JP3590995 B2 JP 3590995B2 JP 17563994 A JP17563994 A JP 17563994A JP 17563994 A JP17563994 A JP 17563994A JP 3590995 B2 JP3590995 B2 JP 3590995B2
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Prior art keywords
exhaust
exhaust gas
pipe
flow
engine
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JPH0835421A (en
Inventor
政一 田中
宏行 宇佐美
裕司 森
衛 馬渕
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Denso Corp
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Denso Corp
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Priority to JP17563994A priority Critical patent/JP3590995B2/en
Priority to DE69503821T priority patent/DE69503821T2/en
Priority to EP95102990A priority patent/EP0677648B1/en
Priority to US08/401,915 priority patent/US5634332A/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/18Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an adsorber or absorber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/12Hydrocarbons

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  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は自動車等に搭載されるエンジン(内燃機関)の排気ガス浄化装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
自動車エンジンの排気ガスを浄化する浄化装置の一つの方式として、貴金属(白金、ロジウム等)などを触媒として担持した担体を用いる排気ガス浄化装置が知られている。この方式による炭化水素化合物(以下HCと略す)の浄化には、一般に触媒活性化温度350℃以上を必要とする。
【0003】
しかしながら、エンジン始動直後においては、上記触媒が触媒活性温度に達していないため、HC浄化は、ほとんど行なわれないという問題がある。
そこで、上記の問題を解決するため、エンジンの排気系に触媒装置を配備し、かつその上流側または下流側に、エンジン冷間時に排出されたHC(以下コールドHCと呼ぶ)を吸着するための吸着剤を納めたHCトラッパーを配備した浄化装置が提案(特開平2−135126号公報、特開平4ー17710号公報、特開平4ー311618号公報)されている。
【0004】
上記特開平2−135126号公報の浄化装置は、触媒装置の上流側にゼオライト系吸着剤を用いた吸着剤装置を配して、吸着剤装置と触媒装置とを併用し、排気ガス低温時には吸着剤にコールドHCを吸着させ、排気ガス高温時には吸着剤から脱離したHCおよびエンジンからの排気HCを触媒で浄化させるものである。
【0005】
また、上記特開平4ー17710号公報、特開平4ー311618号公報の浄化装置は、吸着剤を含むHCトラッパーを触媒装置の下流側に、メイン排気管と並列に配置するとともに、このHCトラッパーを含むバイパス通路とメイン排気管にはそれぞれ流路切換弁を設けている。
そして、エンジン始動直後から所定時間、上記弁を操作し、排気ガスをバイパス通路へ流し、その間、コールドHCはトラッパーに吸着される。エンジン始動後から所定時間経過して、排気ガス温度が上昇し、HCトラッパーの吸着剤からコールドHCが脱離する状態になると、上記弁はメイン排気管に排気ガスを流す位置に切り替わり、この時、トラッパー下流側とエンジン吸気管とをつなぐ脱離用配管にエンジンの吸気管負圧が加わり、脱離したHCは上記吸気管へ吸い込まれて再びエンジン内で燃焼するようになっている。
【0006】
さらに、特開平4ー311618号公報では、脱離したHCを吸引ポンプを用いて強制的に触媒の上流へ戻す例も記載されている。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、上記従来のコールドHC吸着技術のうち、触媒装置の上流側にHCトラッパーを配備するものでは、エンジンから排出直後の高温排気ガスがHCトラッパーに流入するので、吸着剤の耐熱性が問題となる。そこで、特開平2ー135126号公報では、耐熱性の高いゼオライト系吸着剤を使用している。しかし、吸着剤は一般に低温ほど吸着性能が高く、ゼオライトでも触媒が活性温度になる前にHCが脱離してしまうので、せっかく吸着したHCが浄化されずに大気へ放出されるという問題が生じる。
【0008】
また、触媒装置の上流にHCトラッパーを配備すると、それ自体大きな熱容量になるため、触媒の活性化、即ち触媒が活性温度に達するまでの時間を遅らせるという問題も生じる。
一方、触媒装置の下流側にHCトラッパーを配備した特開平4ー17710号公報や特開平4ー311618号公報では、コールドHCの吸着性能および触媒の活性化については、上記問題は解決される。しかし、バイパス通路からの熱伝導では、吸着剤への伝熱が遅く、HCの脱離に時間がかかり、脱離が完了しない場合も生じる。この状態が繰り返されると、吸着剤へHCが次第に蓄積されていき、やがて吸着剤でのHC吸着量が飽和してHCを吸着できなくなるという問題を生じる。
【0009】
また、吸気管内へHCを含んだ排気ガスを戻す方式では、このHCの吸入によりエンジンの空燃比制御にずれが生じ、燃費、排ガス浄化、ドライバビリティに悪影響を及ぼすおそれがある。ここで、脱離したHCを吸引ポンプにて強制的に触媒の上流へ戻す方式のものでは、エンジンの空燃比制御にずれが生じにくいため、上記諸問題を解決できる。しかし、排気ガスという環境(高温、高湿、高腐食性雰囲気)に長期間耐え得る吸引ポンプは製作上困難であり、高コストなものとなってしまうため、実現性、量産性に乏しいという問題がある。
【0010】
そこで、本発明者らは、特願平5−61036号の出願において、上記諸問題を全て解決する排気ガス浄化装置を提案している。すなわち、特願平5−61036号では、触媒装置の下流側にHCトラッパーを配備するとともに、このHCトラッパーを一つの排気管内に区画設置してバイパス通路にしない構成とし、これにより排気ガスから吸着剤への熱伝導を良好にして、HCの脱離を促進している。
【0011】
また、上記触媒装置の上流側と上記HCトラッパーとの間に一方向弁を持つ循環流路管を配備する構成とし、さらに上記循環流路管を通じ、脱離したHCを排気脈動によって上記触媒装置の上流へ戻し、その戻ったHCを触媒で浄化するようにしている。
ところで、上記出願後における本発明者らの詳細な研究の結果、排気脈動を受ける循環流路管内への一方向弁の設置位置によって、この流路の循環流量が増減することがわかった。また、排気マニホールドに設けられる循環流路管口の位置によっても、循環流量が増減することがわかった。
【0012】
そこで、本発明は上記の事情に鑑み、特願平5−61036号の出願を基礎とする排気ガス浄化装置において、排気脈動を有効に利用することによって、循環流量を増加させ、エンジン暖機時に脱離したHCを、洩れなくかつ短時間に触媒装置に循環して、触媒で浄化できるようにすることを目的としてなされたものである。
【0013】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は上記目的を達成するため、以下の技術的手段を採用する。請求項1の発明では、エンジン(1)の排気管(3)内に配設した触媒装置(4)と、
この触媒装置(4)より下流の前記排気管(3)内に配設され、排気ガス有害成分を吸着する吸着剤を担持した吸着装置(5)と、
前記触媒装置(4)より下流の前記排気管(3)内に配設され、前記吸着装置(5)を通過しない排気ガスの流れを形成する排気流路(34)と、
前記吸着装置(5)の流路(5d)と前記触媒装置(4)の上流側とを連結する循環流路管(6a、6b)と、
この循環流路管(6a、6b)の途中に排気脈動を受けて作動するように設けられ、管内の流通を前記吸着装置(5)から前記触媒装置(4)への一方向のみに制御する流通調整手段(7a)と、
排気ガスの流通を前記吸着装置(5)と、前記排気流路(34)とに選択的に切替可能な排気ガス流路切替手段(8)と、
この切替手段をエンジン(1)冷間時には排気ガスを前記吸着装置(5)に流通せしめる位置に切替え、エンジン(1)暖機時には排気ガスを前記排気流路(34)に流通せしめる位置に切替制御する制御手段(14)とを具備し、
前記循環流路管(6a、6b)における前記流通調整手段(7a)の位置を、前記触媒装置(4)の上流側から加わる排気脈動と、前記吸着装置(5)の流路側から加わる排気脈動との位相差が略半波長反転する位置に設定した排気ガス浄化装置を特徴としている。
【0015】
請求項記載の発明では、請求項に記載の排気ガス浄化装置において、前記触媒装置(4)がエンジン(1)の排気マニホルド(31)の排気ポート集合部より下流側に配設されており、前記循環流路管(6a、6b)の管口が前記排気マニホルド(31)の排気ポート集合部より上流の独立した排気ポート(31a)に接続されていることを特徴とする。
請求項3記載の発明では、エンジン(1)の排気管(3)内に配設した触媒装置(4)と、
この触媒装置(4)より下流の前記排気管(3)内に配設され、排気ガス有害成分を吸着する吸着剤を担持した吸着装置(5)と、
前記触媒装置(4)より下流の前記排気管(3)内に配設され、前記吸着装置(5)を通過しない排気ガスの流れを形成する排気流路(34)と、
前記吸着装置(5)の流路(5d)と前記触媒装置(4)の上流側とを連結する循環流路管(6a、6b)と、
この循環流路管(6a、6b)の途中に排気脈動を受けて作動するように設けられ、管内の流通を前記吸着装置(5)から前記触媒装置(4)への一方向のみに制御する流通調整手段(7a)と、
排気ガスの流通を前記吸着装置(5)と、前記排気流路(34)とに選択的に切替可能な排気ガス流路切替手段(8)と、
この切替手段をエンジン(1)冷間時には排気ガスを前記吸着装置(5)に流通せしめる位置に切替え、エンジン(1)暖機時には排気ガスを前記排気流路(34)に流通せしめる位置に切替制御する制御手段(14)とを具備し、
前記循環流路管(6a、6b)における前記流通調整手段(7a)の位置を、前記触媒装置(4)の上流側から加わる排気脈動と、前記吸着装置(5)の流路(5d)側から加わる排気脈動との位相差による差圧によって前記流通調整手段(7a)が作動するように、設定し、
前記触媒装置(4)がエンジン(1)の排気マニホルド(31)の排気ポート集合部より下流側に配設されており、前記循環流路管(6a、6b)の管口が前記排気マニホルド(31)の排気ポート集合部より上流の独立した排気ポート(31a)に接続されている排気ガス浄化装置を特徴としている。
【0016】
請求項4記載の発明では、請求項1ないし3のいずれか1つに記載の排気ガス浄化装置において、前記吸着装置(5)が、前記排気管(3)内において前記排気流路(34)の側方に隣接して並列に配設されていることを特徴とする。
請求項5記載の発明では、請求項1ないし4のいずれか1つに記載の排気ガス浄化装置において、前記流路切替手段(8)が、前記吸着装置(5)の下流に配設されていることを特徴とする。
【0017】
なお、上記各手段の括弧内の符号は、後述する実施例記載の具体的手段との対応関係を示すものである。
【0018】
【発明の作用効果】
請求項1〜5記載の発明によれば、上記技術的手段を有しているため、エンジン始動後の冷間時、排気ガスは排気ガス流路切替手段(8)の流路切替作用により触媒装置(4)から吸着装置(5)の流路(5d)を経て放出される。この場合、触媒装置(4)では浄化されない排気ガス中のHCは、吸着装置(5)の吸着剤に吸着される。
【0019】
一方、エンジンの暖機後は排気ガス流路切替手段(8)の流路切替作用により、排気ガスは触媒装置(4)から、吸着装置(5)の存在しない排気流路(34)を経て放出される。このとき、排気ガス中のHCは高温となり活性化した触媒装置(4)により浄化される。このとき、吸着装置(5)はその側方を流れる高温の排気ガスから直接伝熱を受けるので、吸着剤は急速に昇温し、吸着剤に吸着されたHCが速やかに脱離する。
【0020】
そして、循環流路管(6a、6b)の途中に、その管内の流通を前記吸着装置(5)から前記触媒装置(4)への一方向のみに制御する流通調整手段(7a)を設け、この流通調整手段(7a)を、触媒装置(4)上流側および吸着装置(5)側からの、排気脈動の差圧で作動させるようにしているため、この循環流路管(6a、6b)の流量を効果的に増大でき、その結果、上記の脱離したHCを循環流路管(6a,6b)により排気管(3)の触媒上流側に急速に流すことができ、触媒装置4により脱離HCを速やかに浄化できる。
【0021】
以上により、本発明の排気ガス浄化装置では、触媒装置(4)が活性化温度に達するまでのエンジン冷間時において、HCの放出を防止することができ、かつ吸着剤によるHCの吸着、および吸着剤からのHCの脱離および浄化を効率よく行うことができるとともに、HCの浄化に伴うエンジン制御への影響を極力小さくすることができるという効果が大である。
【0022】
特に、請求項記載の発明によれば、循環流路管(6a、6b)における流通調整手段(7a)の位置を、触媒装置(4)の上流側から加わる排気脈動と、吸着装置(5)の流路側から加わる排気脈動との位相差が略半波長反転する位置に設定しているから、循環流路管(6a,6b)の循環流量より一層増大でき、そのため脱離HCを速やかに循環・浄化することができる。
【0023】
請求項2記載の発明および請求項3記載の発明によれば、吸着剤から脱離したHCを触媒装置(4)上流側へ循環させる循環流路管(6a,6b)の管口を、排気マニホールド(31)の集合部よりも上流の独立の排気ポート部(31a)に接続しているため、排気ガス脈動が排気マニホールドの集合部や排気管のストレート部よりも大きい。
従って、流通調整手段(7a)へ加わる排気ガス脈動の負圧成分が大きくなることによって、循環流量が大きくなり、脱離HCの速やかな循環・浄化を行うことができる。
【0024】
請求項4記載の発明では、吸着装置(5)を、排気管(3)内において前記排気流路(34)の側方に隣接して並列に配設しているから、エンジンの暖機後に排気ガス流路切替手段(8)の流路切替作用により、排気ガスが触媒装置(4)から、吸着装置(5)の存在しない排気流路(34)を経て放出されるとき、吸着装置(5)はその側方を流れる高温の排気ガスから直接伝熱を受けるので、吸着剤は急速に昇温し、吸着剤に吸着されたHCを速やかに脱離できる。
【0025】
【実施例】
以下本発明を図に示す実施例について説明する。
(第1実施例)
図1は本発明を自動車用エンジンの排気ガス浄化装置に適用した例を示しており、自動車のガソリンエンジン1の排気管3には、排気マニホルド31の直後の位置に触媒装置4が介設してある。この触媒装置4は、白金、ロジウムといった貴金属を主成分とする三元触媒を担持したコージェライトからなるハニカム状の担体を内部に具備して構成されている。
【0026】
排気管3には触媒装置4の下流に大径部32が設けてあり、この中にハニカム構造の吸着装置5が収納してある。吸着装置5はステンレス鋼またはコージェライト等のセラミックからハニカム構造に構成されており、そして図2に示すように吸着装置5は、大径部32に連続して構成されている円筒状の吸着筒50の半断面形状、すなわち吸着筒50に合致する半円筒状に形成されている。
【0027】
この吸着装置5は、図2に示すように平行な多数の通孔51を有しており、その上流端を除く他の部分全体にわたって形成された吸着剤担持層5aにはゼオライト系吸着剤が担持されている。ここで、吸着装置5は半円筒状に限らず、吸着筒50の形状に合せて、楕円形状や方形とすることもできる。
また、吸着装置5の吸着剤担持層5aの下流端(後端)直後には排気ガス流路切替弁8が配設してある。この切替弁8は、支点8aを中心として開閉操作されるもので、前記ハニカム構造の吸着装置5の流路5dと、この流路5dの側方に形成された排気流路34とを切替開閉するものである。
【0028】
触媒装置4と吸着装置5との間の距離は、触媒装置4が排気ガスにより加熱されて活性化温度に達するタイミングと、吸着装置5に担持された吸着剤が加熱されて吸着機能を失うタイミングとがほぼ一致する距離に設定される。すなわち、触媒装置4の触媒活性化温度(350°C)より、吸着装置5に担持された吸着剤が吸着機能を失う温度(換言すれば、吸着剤のHC脱離開始温度で、100°C〜200°C)の方が低いので、触媒装置4より所定距離下流に吸着装置5を設定することにより、上記両タイミングを一致させることができる。
【0029】
吸着装置5は流路34との間に板状の隔壁33を有し、この隔壁33によって吸着装置5は流路34と分離され、かつ吸着筒50に押しつけられ保持されている。隔壁33には穴33aが設けられており、この穴33aによって流路34内の排気ガスが直接吸着装置5に接触し得るようになっている。
吸着装置5の上流には整流板35が配備されており、吸着装置5の流路5d側へに排気ガスが流れる時に排気ガスの流速分布を均一にし、吸着剤へのHC等の吸着効率を高めるものである。ここで、隔壁33と整流板35はステンレス等の耐熱金属製のもので、一体構造でもよいし、分離されていてもよい。
【0030】
吸着装置5の下流端に近接する位置で、かつ切替弁8より上流の位置から循環流路管6aが分岐し、この流路管6aはその管内の流通を一方向すなわち吸着装置5の下流端から排気マニホルド31側へ向かう一方向のみに制御する流通調整手段をなす、後記する一方向弁7aおよび開閉弁7bよりなるリード弁7を介して、排気マニホールド31に連通する循環流路管6bに連結されている。循環流路管6a、6bの管長は代表走行パターン(例えば米国の75FTPモード)にて車両が走行する時に、一方向弁7aの裏面・表面へ加わる排気ガス脈動の位相差の平均が、180(deg) すなわち半波長反転する長さにしてある。
【0031】
一方向弁7aの裏面・表面へ加わる排気ガス脈動の位相差の平均が半波長反転するようにするための条件をより具体的に述べると、排気マニホルド31から循環流路管6bを介して一方向弁7aの裏面に至る管長と、排気マニホルド31から排気管3、吸着筒50、および循環流路管6aを介して一方向弁7aの表面に至る管長との比を、排気ガス脈動の位相差が半波長反転するように選択する必要がある。
【0032】
吸着筒50には前記切替弁8を駆動するアクチュエータ9が設けてあり、切替弁8は、アクチュエータ9にシャフト91により連結されている。このアクチュエータ9は、本例ではダイヤフラム92とスプリング93とを有するものであって、ダイヤフラム92を作動させる負圧を供給するための吸気管10a、10bにより、エンジン1の吸気マニホルド2に連通せしめてある。吸気管10a,10b間には電磁弁11が介設してある。
【0033】
上記リード弁7の一方向弁7aは触媒装置4の上流側および吸着装置5下流側の、排気脈動の差圧で作動して、循環流路管6a側から循環流路管6b側への流体の流通のみ許容するものである。また、開閉弁7bは、負圧で作動するダイヤフラム等により作動するようになっており、開閉弁7bに負圧を供給する吸気管12a,12bにより、電磁弁11と吸気マニホルド2とをつなぐ吸気管10bに開閉弁7bは連通している。吸気管12a,12b間には電磁弁13が介設してある。
【0034】
14はマイクロコンピュータ内蔵の制御装置(制御手段)で、エンジン1や排気温センサ15からの信号を受け、エンジン1の運転状態に応じて電磁弁11、13を開閉制御し、これにより切換弁8や開閉弁7bを制御するようになっている。
次に、上記構成において本実施例装置の作動を説明する。図3は作動説明用のフローチャートであり、エンジン1のイグニッションスイッチが投入され、エンジン1が始動すると、制御装置14のマイクロコンピュータがスタートし(S1)、次に初期化処理(S2)をした後に、S3にて、制御装置14により電磁弁11が開弁され、吸気管10a,10bが連通する。
【0035】
これにより、吸気マニホルド2の負圧が吸気管10a,10bを経てアクチュエータ9のダイヤフラム92に作用してシャフト91を上方へ引っ張り、切替弁8は破線に示す閉弁位置となり、流路34を閉じ、吸着装置5の流路5dを開く。
エンジン1の始動直後は排気ガス温度が低く、エンジン1は多量のコールドHCを含んだ排気ガスを排出する。排気ガス温度が低い間は触媒が活性化温度に達していないため、コールドHCは触媒装置4でほとんど浄化されずに排気管3を流れる。このとき、排気ガス温度は排気温センサ15により検知されている。
【0036】
この排気ガス流は、切替弁8の閉弁により吸着装置5の流路5dに流れ、まずゼオライトを担持してない吸着剤無担持層5cを通り、次いでゼオライトを担持した吸着剤担持層5aを流れ、ここでコールドHCは吸着剤に吸着される。
そして、コールドHCが除去された排気ガスは図示しないマフラーを経て大気中に放出される。この時、整流板35が排気ガスの流れを整流しているため、排気ガスは均一な流速分布となって、吸着装置5内を流れている。
【0037】
エンジン1が暖機して、排気ガス温度が吸着剤のHC吸着可能温度を越えるに至る所定時間(ta)を経過すると(t>ta)、図3のS4の判定がYESとなり、S5に移行し、制御装置14からの信号で電磁弁11が閉弁されるため、アクチュエータ9への負圧の供給が遮断され、アクチュエータ9は内蔵のスプリング93の弾性により、シャフト91を下方へ押す。
【0038】
そのため、切替弁8は実線で示す開弁位置となり、排気ガスは流路が切換えられ吸着装置5の存在しない流路34を流れる。このとき、触媒は活性化温度に達しているので、排気ガス中のHCは触媒装置4で浄化され、HCをほとんど含まない排気ガスが上記流路34を経て大気中に放出される。
電磁弁11が閉弁された直後、S6にて制御装置14からの信号で電磁弁13が開弁されるので、吸気管10bと吸気管12aが連通し、エンジン1の吸気マニホルド2から開閉弁7bに負圧が供給され、開閉弁7bが開弁する。
【0039】
一方、吸着装置5の側面では、既に高温となった排気ガスが流路34を流通している。この高温の排気ガスは隔壁33の穴33aを介し、吸着装置5の吸着剤担持層5aと接している。そのため、排気ガスの熱は吸着剤担持層5aに良好に伝えられ吸着剤が速やかに昇温してHCの脱離を促進する。
このとき、上記のように開閉弁7bは開弁されているから排気マニホールド31内に発生する排気ガス脈動圧は循環流路管6bを介して一方向弁7aの裏面に加わる。さらに、吸着装置5の下流に発生する排気ガス脈動圧は循環流路管6aを介して一方向弁7aの表面に加わる(図4(a)参照)。
【0040】
図4(b)に示すように、これらの排気ガス脈動圧は、一方向弁7aの表面・裏面に加わる時に、その表面圧Pfと裏面圧Pbとの位相が180(deg) すなわち半波長反転するようにしてあるため、両面の差圧が大きくなり、一方向弁7aは断続的に開弁しながら、大きな循環流量を発生させる。この位相差に対する循環流量の大きさを図4(c)に示すが、やはり180(deg) の位相差において循環流量が最大になることがわかる。この位相差は、一方向弁7aを設定する循環流路管6a,6bの管長比によって決定される。すなわち、一方向弁7aを設定する位置によって、循環流量が決まるのである。
【0041】
これにより、吸着装置5の吸着剤担持層5aの吸着剤から脱離したHCは循環流路管6a,6bを経て排気マニホールド31に速やかに流入する。そしてエンジン1からの排気ガス中のHCとともに触媒装置4で浄化されるのである。
切替弁8が開位置(実線図示)に切換えられてHC脱離浄化行程に入った後、HCの脱離が完了する時間(tb)が経過すると〔t>(ta+tb)〕、S7の判定がYESとなり、S8に移行して、制御装置14からの信号で電磁弁13が閉じ、開閉弁7bが閉じられる。
【0042】
なお、上記実施例では、制御装置14からの信号で電磁弁11を閉弁させて切替弁8をHC脱離・浄化行程側(実線位置)へ切換えるタイミングをエンジン始動から所定時間経過後としたが、この所定時間経過を判定する代わりに、排気ガス温度が所定の高温に達した時点としてもよい。
また、上記実施例では、リード弁7には一方向弁7aと開閉弁7bとを合わせ持つ構成としたが、一方向弁7aのみとしてもよい。
【0043】
ところで、本実施例の排気ガス浄化装置では、触媒が活性化温度に達するまでのエンジン冷間時にもコールドHCを吸着装置5で吸着して、コールドHCの大気への放出が防止される。そして、本装置では特に、吸着していたHCが脱離している時、一方向弁7aの表面・裏面に加わる排気ガスの脈動圧を半波長反転する位置に一方向弁7aを設置したから、大きな差圧で循環流量を増大できるため、効果的にHCの循環、浄化がなされる。また、脱離したHCを触媒装置4上流の排気管3に循環させるようにしたから、HCの循環によるエンジン制御への悪影響を低減することができる。
【0044】
(第2実施例)
本発明の第2実施例を、図5により説明すると、第2実施例の基本構成は第1実施例と同様であるが、本例では、循環流路管6bと排気マニホールド31との接合部である管口が、排気マニホールド31の集合部よりも上流、すなわちエンジン1の排気ポート部31aに配置されている。これは排気ガス脈動が排気マニホールド31の集合部や排気管3のストレート部よりも大きい、ということを有効に利用するためである。
【0045】
図6は上記排気脈動の部位別の大きさを示すもので、Ppはエンジン1の排気ポート部31aの排気脈動を示し、Pcは排気マニホルド31の集合部の排気脈動を示し、Psは排気管3のストレート部の排気脈動を示す。この図6から理解されるように、エンジン1の排気ポート部31aの排気脈動Ppが最も大きいので、第2実施例によれば、この排気脈動Ppを有効利用して、一方向弁7aの裏面へ加わる排気ガス脈動の負圧成分を大きくできるため、循環流量が大きくなり、脱離HCのすみやかな循環・浄化が行われる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の第1実施例装置の全体構成図である。
【図2】第1実施例装置に用いる半断面部分に吸着剤を担持したハニカム状吸着装置および隔壁の斜視図である。
【図3】第1実施例装置の作動を示すフローチャートである。
【図4】(a)(b)(c)は第1実施例装置に用いる一方向弁に加わる排気脈動の一例の説明図である。
【図5】本発明の第2実施例装置の全体構成図である。
【図6】(a)(b)は第2実施例装置に用いる一方向弁に加わる排気脈動の一例の説明図である。
【符号の説明】
1 エンジン
2 吸気マニホルド
3 排気管
31 排気マニホルド
31a 排気ポート
4 触媒装置
5 吸着装置
5a 吸着剤担持層
5c 吸着剤無担持層
6a,6b 循環流路管
7a 一方向弁(流通調整手段)
7b 開閉弁
8 排気ガス流路切替弁
9 アクチュエータ
11,13 電磁弁
14 制御手段
15 排気温センサ
34 排気流路
[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to an exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an engine (internal combustion engine) mounted on an automobile or the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art As one type of a purifying apparatus for purifying exhaust gas of an automobile engine, an exhaust gas purifying apparatus using a carrier carrying a noble metal (platinum, rhodium, or the like) as a catalyst is known. Purification of hydrocarbon compounds (hereinafter abbreviated as HC) by this method generally requires a catalyst activation temperature of 350 ° C. or higher.
[0003]
However, immediately after the start of the engine, there is a problem that HC purification is hardly performed because the catalyst has not reached the catalyst activation temperature.
Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problem, a catalyst device is provided in an exhaust system of an engine, and an HC (hereinafter, referred to as cold HC) discharged when the engine is cold is adsorbed upstream or downstream thereof. Purification devices provided with an HC trapper containing an adsorbent have been proposed (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 2-135126, 4-17710, and 4-31618).
[0004]
In the purifying apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-135126, an adsorbent device using a zeolite-based adsorbent is disposed upstream of a catalytic device, and the adsorbent device and the catalytic device are used in combination. Cold HC is adsorbed by the agent, and HC desorbed from the adsorbent and exhaust HC from the engine are purified by a catalyst when the exhaust gas temperature is high.
[0005]
The purifying apparatuses disclosed in JP-A-4-17710 and JP-A-4-31618 dispose an HC trapper containing an adsorbent on the downstream side of a catalyst device in parallel with a main exhaust pipe. And a main exhaust pipe are provided with flow path switching valves.
Then, the valve is operated for a predetermined time immediately after the start of the engine, and the exhaust gas is caused to flow into the bypass passage. During that time, the cold HC is adsorbed by the trapper. When a predetermined time has elapsed since the start of the engine and the temperature of the exhaust gas rose and cold HC was released from the adsorbent of the HC trapper, the valve was switched to a position where exhaust gas flows into the main exhaust pipe. The negative pressure of the intake pipe of the engine is applied to the desorption pipe connecting the downstream side of the trapper and the engine intake pipe, and the desorbed HC is sucked into the intake pipe and burns again in the engine.
[0006]
Furthermore, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-31618 discloses an example in which desorbed HC is forcibly returned to the upstream of the catalyst by using a suction pump.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the conventional cold HC adsorption technology, in the case of disposing the HC trapper on the upstream side of the catalyst device, since the high-temperature exhaust gas immediately after being discharged from the engine flows into the HC trapper, the heat resistance of the adsorbent is a problem. Become. Therefore, JP-A-2-135126 uses a zeolite-based adsorbent having high heat resistance. However, the adsorbent generally has a higher adsorption performance at a lower temperature, and HC is desorbed before the catalyst reaches an activation temperature even with zeolite, so that there is a problem that the adsorbed HC is released to the atmosphere without being purified.
[0008]
Further, if the HC trapper is disposed upstream of the catalyst device, the heat capacity of the HC trapper itself becomes large, so that there is also a problem that the activation of the catalyst, that is, the time until the catalyst reaches the activation temperature is delayed.
On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 4-17710 and 4-31618, in which an HC trapper is provided downstream of the catalyst device, solve the above problems with respect to cold HC adsorption performance and catalyst activation. However, in the heat conduction from the bypass passage, heat transfer to the adsorbent is slow, so that it takes time to desorb HC, and the desorption may not be completed. When this state is repeated, HC gradually accumulates in the adsorbent, and the amount of HC adsorbed by the adsorbent eventually saturates, causing a problem that HC cannot be adsorbed.
[0009]
In the method of returning exhaust gas containing HC into the intake pipe, the intake of HC causes a shift in the air-fuel ratio control of the engine, which may adversely affect fuel efficiency, exhaust gas purification, and drivability. Here, in the system in which the desorbed HC is forcibly returned to the upstream of the catalyst by the suction pump, the above-mentioned problems can be solved because the deviation of the air-fuel ratio control of the engine hardly occurs. However, a suction pump that can withstand the exhaust gas environment (high-temperature, high-humidity, highly corrosive atmosphere) for a long time is difficult to manufacture and is expensive, resulting in poor feasibility and mass productivity. There is.
[0010]
Therefore, the present inventors have proposed an exhaust gas purifying apparatus which solves all of the above problems in the application of Japanese Patent Application No. 5-61036. That is, in Japanese Patent Application No. 5-61036, an HC trapper is provided downstream of a catalyst device, and the HC trapper is divided into one exhaust pipe so as not to form a bypass passage. The heat conduction to the agent is improved to promote the elimination of HC.
[0011]
In addition, a circulation flow pipe having a one-way valve is provided between the upstream side of the catalyst device and the HC trapper, and the desorbed HC is exhausted through the circulation flow pipe by the exhaust gas pulsation. Upstream, and the returned HC is purified by a catalyst.
By the way, as a result of detailed research by the present inventors after the above-mentioned application, it was found that the circulating flow rate of this flow path increased or decreased depending on the installation position of the one-way valve in the circulation flow path pipe receiving the exhaust pulsation. Further, it was found that the circulation flow rate also increased or decreased depending on the position of the circulation flow passage provided in the exhaust manifold.
[0012]
In view of the above circumstances, the present invention provides an exhaust gas purifying apparatus based on the application of Japanese Patent Application No. 5-61036, in which the circulating flow rate is increased by effectively utilizing the exhaust pulsation and the engine is warmed up when the engine is warmed up. The purpose is to circulate the desorbed HC through the catalyst device without leakage and in a short time so that it can be purified by the catalyst.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention employs the following technical means to achieve the above object. According to the invention of claim 1, a catalyst device (4) disposed in an exhaust pipe (3) of the engine (1);
An adsorber (5) disposed in the exhaust pipe (3) downstream of the catalyst device (4) and carrying an adsorbent for adsorbing exhaust gas harmful components;
An exhaust passage (34) disposed in the exhaust pipe (3) downstream of the catalyst device (4) and forming a flow of exhaust gas that does not pass through the adsorption device (5);
Circulation channel pipes (6a, 6b) connecting the flow channel (5d) of the adsorption device (5) and the upstream side of the catalyst device (4);
The circulation passage pipes (6a, 6b) are provided so as to operate in response to exhaust pulsation, and control the flow in the pipes in only one direction from the adsorption device (5) to the catalyst device (4). Distribution adjustment means (7a);
Exhaust gas passage switching means (8) capable of selectively switching the flow of exhaust gas to the adsorption device (5) and the exhaust passage (34);
This switching means is switched to a position where the exhaust gas flows through the adsorber (5) when the engine (1) is cold, and to a position where the exhaust gas flows through the exhaust flow path (34) when the engine (1) is warmed up. Control means (14) for controlling,
The position of the flow adjusting means (7a) in the circulation flow pipe (6a, 6b)At a position where the phase difference between the exhaust pulsation applied from the upstream side of the catalyst device (4) and the exhaust pulsation applied from the flow path side of the adsorption device (5) is substantially half wavelength inverted.It is characterized by the set exhaust gas purification device.
[0015]
Claim2In the described invention, the claims1Wherein the catalyst device (4) is disposed downstream of an exhaust port assembly of an exhaust manifold (31) of the engine (1), and the circulating flow pipe (6a, 6b) ) Is connected to an independent exhaust port (31a) upstream of the exhaust port assembly of the exhaust manifold (31).
In the invention according to claim 3, a catalyst device (4) disposed in an exhaust pipe (3) of the engine (1);
An adsorber (5) disposed in the exhaust pipe (3) downstream of the catalyst device (4) and carrying an adsorbent for adsorbing exhaust gas harmful components;
An exhaust passage (34) disposed in the exhaust pipe (3) downstream of the catalyst device (4) and forming a flow of exhaust gas that does not pass through the adsorption device (5);
Circulation channel pipes (6a, 6b) connecting the flow channel (5d) of the adsorption device (5) and the upstream side of the catalyst device (4);
The circulation passage pipes (6a, 6b) are provided so as to operate in response to exhaust pulsation, and control the flow in the pipes in only one direction from the adsorption device (5) to the catalyst device (4). Distribution adjustment means (7a);
Exhaust gas passage switching means (8) capable of selectively switching the flow of exhaust gas to the adsorption device (5) and the exhaust passage (34);
This switching means is switched to a position where the exhaust gas flows through the adsorber (5) when the engine (1) is cold, and to a position where the exhaust gas flows through the exhaust flow path (34) when the engine (1) is warmed up. Control means (14) for controlling,
The position of the flow control means (7a) in the circulation flow path pipes (6a, 6b) is adjusted by the exhaust pulsation applied from the upstream side of the catalyst device (4) and the flow path (5d) side of the adsorption device (5). The flow adjusting means (7a) is set to operate by a differential pressure due to a phase difference with exhaust pulsation added from
The catalyst device (4) is disposed downstream of an exhaust port gathering portion of an exhaust manifold (31) of the engine (1), and a port of the circulation flow pipe (6a, 6b) is connected to the exhaust manifold (31). The exhaust gas purifying device is connected to an independent exhaust port (31a) upstream of the exhaust port collecting portion of (31).
[0016]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the exhaust gas purifying apparatus according to any one of the first to third aspects, the adsorption device (5) includes the exhaust passage (34) in the exhaust pipe (3). Are arranged side by side in parallel.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the exhaust gas purifying apparatus according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, the flow path switching means (8) is disposed downstream of the adsorption device (5). It is characterized by having.
[0017]
The reference numerals in the parentheses of the above means indicate the correspondence with specific means described in the embodiments described later.
[0018]
Operation and Effect of the Invention
According to the first to fifth aspects of the present invention, since the above technical means are provided, when the engine is cold after the engine is started, the exhaust gas is catalyzed by the flow switching operation of the exhaust gas flow switching means (8). It is discharged from the device (4) through the flow path (5d) of the adsorption device (5). In this case, HC in the exhaust gas that is not purified by the catalyst device (4) is adsorbed by the adsorbent of the adsorption device (5).
[0019]
On the other hand, after the engine is warmed up, the exhaust gas flows from the catalyst device (4) through the exhaust flow channel (34) without the adsorber (5) due to the flow switching operation of the exhaust gas flow switching device (8). Released. At this time, HC in the exhaust gas becomes high temperature and is purified by the activated catalyst device (4). At this time, since the adsorption device (5) receives heat directly from the high-temperature exhaust gas flowing on the side thereof, the temperature of the adsorbent rapidly rises, and the HC adsorbed by the adsorbent is quickly desorbed.
[0020]
And, in the middle of the circulation channel pipe (6a, 6b), a flow adjusting means (7a) for controlling the flow in the pipe in only one direction from the adsorption device (5) to the catalyst device (4) is provided, Since the flow adjusting means (7a) is operated by the differential pressure of the exhaust pulsation from the upstream side of the catalyst device (4) and the side of the adsorption device (5), the circulation flow pipe (6a, 6b) Can be effectively increased, and as a result, the desorbed HC can be rapidly flown to the upstream side of the exhaust pipe (3) by the circulation flow pipe (6a, 6b), and the catalyst device 4 Desorbed HC can be quickly purified.
[0021]
As described above, in the exhaust gas purifying apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to prevent the release of HC during the cold period of the engine until the catalyst device (4) reaches the activation temperature, and to adsorb HC by the adsorbent, and The effect is that the desorption and purification of HC from the adsorbent can be efficiently performed, and the influence on the engine control due to the purification of HC can be minimized.
[0022]
In particular, Claims1According to the described invention, the position of the flow adjusting means (7a) in the circulation channel pipe (6a, 6b) is adjusted by the exhaust pulsation applied from the upstream side of the catalyst device (4) and the flow channel side of the adsorption device (5). Since the phase difference with the added exhaust pulsation is set at a position where the half-wavelength is inverted, the circulating flow rate of the circulating flow pipes (6a, 6b)ToThe amount can be further increased, so that the desorbed HC can be quickly circulated and purified.
[0023]
The invention according to claim 2 andAccording to the third aspect of the present invention, the outlets of the circulation passage pipes (6a, 6b) for circulating the HC desorbed from the adsorbent to the upstream side of the catalyst device (4) are connected to the collecting portion of the exhaust manifold (31). Since it is connected to the independent exhaust port portion (31a) further upstream, the exhaust gas pulsation is greater than the exhaust manifold gathering portion and the exhaust pipe straight portion.
Therefore, as the negative pressure component of the exhaust gas pulsation applied to the flow adjusting means (7a) increases, the circulating flow rate increases, and the desorbed HC can be quickly circulated and purified.
[0024]
According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, since the adsorbing device (5) is disposed in parallel in the exhaust pipe (3) adjacent to the side of the exhaust flow path (34), after the engine is warmed up. When the exhaust gas is discharged from the catalyst device (4) through the exhaust flow path (34) where the adsorption device (5) does not exist by the flow switching operation of the exhaust gas flow switching means (8), the adsorption device ( 5) receives heat transfer directly from the high-temperature exhaust gas flowing to the side, so that the temperature of the adsorbent rises rapidly and HC adsorbed by the adsorbent can be quickly desorbed.
[0025]
【Example】
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 shows an example in which the present invention is applied to an exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an automobile engine. A catalyst device 4 is interposed in an exhaust pipe 3 of an automobile gasoline engine 1 at a position immediately after an exhaust manifold 31. It is. The catalyst device 4 includes a honeycomb-shaped carrier made of cordierite carrying a three-way catalyst containing a noble metal such as platinum or rhodium as a main component.
[0026]
The exhaust pipe 3 is provided with a large-diameter portion 32 downstream of the catalyst device 4, in which the adsorption device 5 having a honeycomb structure is housed. The adsorbing device 5 is formed in a honeycomb structure from a ceramic such as stainless steel or cordierite. As shown in FIG. 2, the adsorbing device 5 is a cylindrical adsorbing tube formed continuously with the large diameter portion 32. 50, that is, a semi-cylindrical shape conforming to the adsorption cylinder 50.
[0027]
As shown in FIG. 2, the adsorption device 5 has a large number of parallel through holes 51, and the zeolite adsorbent is formed in the adsorbent support layer 5a formed over the entire other part except the upstream end. It is carried. Here, the suction device 5 is not limited to the semi-cylindrical shape, and may be formed into an elliptical shape or a square shape according to the shape of the suction tube 50.
Further, an exhaust gas flow path switching valve 8 is provided immediately after the downstream end (rear end) of the adsorbent support layer 5a of the adsorption device 5. The switching valve 8 is opened and closed around a fulcrum 8a, and switches and opens and closes a flow path 5d of the suction device 5 having the honeycomb structure and an exhaust flow path 34 formed on a side of the flow path 5d. Is what you do.
[0028]
The distance between the catalyst device 4 and the adsorption device 5 is determined by the timing at which the catalyst device 4 is heated by the exhaust gas to reach the activation temperature, and the timing at which the adsorbent carried by the adsorption device 5 is heated and loses the adsorption function. Is set to a distance that almost matches. That is, the temperature at which the adsorbent supported by the adsorber 5 loses the adsorbing function (in other words, the temperature at which the adsorbent starts desorbing HC at 100 ° C.) is higher than the catalyst activation temperature (350 ° C.) of the catalyst device 4. (−200 ° C.), the above timings can be matched by setting the adsorption device 5 downstream of the catalyst device 4 by a predetermined distance.
[0029]
The suction device 5 has a plate-shaped partition wall 33 between itself and the flow path 34, and the suction device 5 is separated from the flow path 34 by the partition wall 33, and is pressed and held against the suction tube 50. A hole 33 a is provided in the partition wall 33, and the exhaust gas in the flow path 34 can come into direct contact with the adsorption device 5 through the hole 33 a.
A rectifying plate 35 is provided upstream of the adsorption device 5 to make the flow velocity distribution of the exhaust gas uniform when the exhaust gas flows to the flow path 5d side of the adsorption device 5, thereby improving the adsorption efficiency of HC and the like to the adsorbent. To enhance. Here, the partition wall 33 and the current plate 35 are made of a heat-resistant metal such as stainless steel, and may have an integral structure or may be separated.
[0030]
At a position close to the downstream end of the adsorption device 5 and at a position upstream of the switching valve 8, a circulating flow tube 6 a branches in one direction, that is, the downstream end of the adsorption device 5. Through a reed valve 7 composed of a one-way valve 7a and an on-off valve 7b, which will be described later, to a circulation flow path pipe 6b communicating with the exhaust manifold 31 through a flow adjusting means for controlling the flow in only one direction toward the exhaust manifold 31 side. Are linked. The average length of the phase difference of the exhaust gas pulsation applied to the back and front surfaces of the one-way valve 7a when the vehicle travels in the representative travel pattern (for example, the 75 FTP mode in the United States) is 180 (the length of the circulation passage pipes 6a and 6b). deg), that is, the length is a half wavelength inversion.
[0031]
More specifically, the condition for inverting the average of the phase difference of the exhaust gas pulsation applied to the back surface and the front surface of the one-way valve 7a by a half wavelength is as follows. The ratio between the length of the pipe reaching the back of the directional valve 7a and the length of the pipe extending from the exhaust manifold 31 to the surface of the one-way valve 7a via the exhaust pipe 3, the adsorption tube 50, and the circulation flow pipe 6a is determined by the degree of exhaust gas pulsation. It is necessary to select such that the phase difference is inverted by a half wavelength.
[0032]
The adsorption cylinder 50 is provided with an actuator 9 for driving the switching valve 8, and the switching valve 8 is connected to the actuator 9 by a shaft 91. The actuator 9 has a diaphragm 92 and a spring 93 in this example, and is connected to the intake manifold 2 of the engine 1 by intake pipes 10a and 10b for supplying a negative pressure for operating the diaphragm 92. is there. An electromagnetic valve 11 is interposed between the intake pipes 10a and 10b.
[0033]
The one-way valve 7a of the reed valve 7 is operated by the differential pressure of the exhaust pulsation on the upstream side of the catalyst device 4 and on the downstream side of the adsorption device 5, and the fluid flows from the circulation channel pipe 6a to the circulation channel pipe 6b. Is allowed only for distribution. The on-off valve 7b is operated by a diaphragm or the like which operates at a negative pressure. The intake pipes 12a and 12b for supplying a negative pressure to the on-off valve 7b connect the electromagnetic valve 11 to the intake manifold 2. The on-off valve 7b communicates with the pipe 10b. An electromagnetic valve 13 is interposed between the intake pipes 12a and 12b.
[0034]
Reference numeral 14 denotes a control device (control means) built in the microcomputer, which receives signals from the engine 1 and the exhaust gas temperature sensor 15 and controls opening and closing of the solenoid valves 11 and 13 in accordance with the operation state of the engine 1. And the on-off valve 7b is controlled.
Next, the operation of the apparatus of this embodiment in the above configuration will be described. FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining the operation. When the ignition switch of the engine 1 is turned on and the engine 1 is started, the microcomputer of the control device 14 starts (S1), and after the initialization processing (S2), , S3, the electromagnetic valve 11 is opened by the control device 14, and the intake pipes 10a and 10b communicate.
[0035]
As a result, the negative pressure of the intake manifold 2 acts on the diaphragm 92 of the actuator 9 via the intake pipes 10a and 10b to pull the shaft 91 upward, so that the switching valve 8 becomes the valve closing position shown by the broken line, and closes the flow path 34. Then, the flow path 5d of the adsorption device 5 is opened.
Immediately after the start of the engine 1, the exhaust gas temperature is low, and the engine 1 discharges exhaust gas containing a large amount of cold HC. Since the catalyst has not reached the activation temperature while the exhaust gas temperature is low, the cold HC flows through the exhaust pipe 3 without being substantially purified by the catalyst device 4. At this time, the exhaust gas temperature is detected by the exhaust gas temperature sensor 15.
[0036]
This exhaust gas flow flows into the flow path 5d of the adsorption device 5 by closing the switching valve 8, passes through the adsorbent-free layer 5c that does not support zeolite, and then flows through the adsorbent-supporting layer 5a that supports zeolite. Flow, where the cold HC is adsorbed on the adsorbent.
The exhaust gas from which the cold HC has been removed is discharged into the atmosphere via a muffler (not shown). At this time, since the rectifying plate 35 rectifies the flow of the exhaust gas, the exhaust gas has a uniform flow velocity distribution and flows in the adsorption device 5.
[0037]
When the engine 1 is warmed up and a predetermined time (ta) has elapsed (t> ta) until the exhaust gas temperature exceeds the HC adsorbable temperature of the adsorbent (t> ta), the determination in S4 of FIG. 3 becomes YES, and the process proceeds to S5. Then, since the electromagnetic valve 11 is closed by a signal from the control device 14, the supply of the negative pressure to the actuator 9 is shut off, and the actuator 9 pushes the shaft 91 downward by the elasticity of the built-in spring 93.
[0038]
Therefore, the switching valve 8 is in the valve-opening position shown by the solid line, and the flow of the exhaust gas is switched and the exhaust gas flows through the flow path 34 where the adsorption device 5 is not present. At this time, since the catalyst has reached the activation temperature, HC in the exhaust gas is purified by the catalyst device 4, and the exhaust gas containing almost no HC is discharged to the atmosphere through the flow passage 34.
Immediately after the solenoid valve 11 is closed, the solenoid valve 13 is opened by a signal from the control device 14 in S6, so that the intake pipe 10b and the intake pipe 12a communicate with each other, and the on-off valve is opened from the intake manifold 2 of the engine 1. Negative pressure is supplied to 7b, and the on-off valve 7b opens.
[0039]
On the other hand, on the side surface of the adsorption device 5, the exhaust gas that has already become hot flows through the flow path 34. This high-temperature exhaust gas is in contact with the adsorbent supporting layer 5a of the adsorption device 5 via the hole 33a of the partition wall 33. Therefore, the heat of the exhaust gas is transmitted well to the adsorbent supporting layer 5a, and the temperature of the adsorbent is quickly raised to promote the desorption of HC.
At this time, since the on-off valve 7b is opened as described above, the exhaust gas pulsating pressure generated in the exhaust manifold 31 is applied to the back surface of the one-way valve 7a via the circulation passage pipe 6b. Furthermore, the exhaust gas pulsation pressure generated downstream of the adsorption device 5 is applied to the surface of the one-way valve 7a via the circulation flow pipe 6a (see FIG. 4A).
[0040]
As shown in FIG. 4 (b), when these exhaust gas pulsation pressures are applied to the front and back surfaces of the one-way valve 7a, the phases of the surface pressure Pf and the back surface pressure Pb are 180 (deg), that is, half-wave reversal. The one-way valve 7a generates a large circulating flow while opening the one-way valve 7a intermittently. FIG. 4C shows the magnitude of the circulating flow rate with respect to this phase difference. It can be seen that the circulating flow rate becomes maximum at a phase difference of 180 (deg). This phase difference is determined by the pipe length ratio of the circulation flow pipes 6a and 6b that set the one-way valve 7a. That is, the circulation flow rate is determined by the position where the one-way valve 7a is set.
[0041]
As a result, HC desorbed from the adsorbent of the adsorbent support layer 5a of the adsorber 5 quickly flows into the exhaust manifold 31 via the circulation flow pipes 6a and 6b. Then, it is purified by the catalyst device 4 together with HC in the exhaust gas from the engine 1.
After the switching valve 8 is switched to the open position (shown by a solid line) and enters the HC desorption cleaning step, when the time (tb) for completing the desorption of HC elapses [t> (ta + tb)], the determination in S7 is made. When the result is YES, the process proceeds to S8, where the electromagnetic valve 13 is closed by the signal from the control device 14, and the on-off valve 7b is closed.
[0042]
In the above embodiment, the timing at which the solenoid valve 11 is closed by a signal from the control device 14 to switch the switching valve 8 to the HC desorption / purification stroke side (solid line position) is after a predetermined time has elapsed from the start of the engine. However, instead of determining the elapse of the predetermined time, the time when the exhaust gas temperature reaches a predetermined high temperature may be used.
Further, in the above-described embodiment, the reed valve 7 has a configuration in which the one-way valve 7a and the on-off valve 7b are combined. However, the reed valve 7 may include only the one-way valve 7a.
[0043]
By the way, in the exhaust gas purifying apparatus of the present embodiment, the cold HC is adsorbed by the adsorber 5 even when the engine is cold until the catalyst reaches the activation temperature, and the release of the cold HC to the atmosphere is prevented. In particular, in the present apparatus, when the adsorbed HC is desorbed, the one-way valve 7a is installed at a position where the pulsation pressure of the exhaust gas applied to the front and back surfaces of the one-way valve 7a is inverted by a half wavelength. Since the circulation flow rate can be increased with a large differential pressure, HC is circulated and purified effectively. In addition, since the desorbed HC is circulated to the exhaust pipe 3 upstream of the catalyst device 4, adverse effects on engine control due to the circulation of HC can be reduced.
[0044]
(Second embodiment)
The second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 5. The basic configuration of the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment. Is disposed upstream of the gathering portion of the exhaust manifold 31, that is, at the exhaust port portion 31 a of the engine 1. This is to effectively utilize the fact that the exhaust gas pulsation is larger than the gathering portion of the exhaust manifold 31 and the straight portion of the exhaust pipe 3.
[0045]
FIG. 6 shows the magnitude of the above-mentioned exhaust pulsation in each region, where Pp indicates the exhaust pulsation of the exhaust port portion 31a of the engine 1, Pc indicates the exhaust pulsation of the collecting portion of the exhaust manifold 31, and Ps indicates the exhaust pipe. 3 shows the exhaust pulsation of the straight portion of FIG. As can be understood from FIG. 6, since the exhaust pulsation Pp of the exhaust port portion 31a of the engine 1 is the largest, according to the second embodiment, the exhaust pulsation Pp is effectively used to make the back surface of the one-way valve 7a. Since the negative pressure component of the exhaust gas pulsation added to the exhaust gas can be increased, the circulation flow rate is increased, and prompt circulation and purification of the desorbed HC is performed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of an apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a honeycomb-shaped suction device and a partition wall, each of which has an adsorbent carried on a half-section thereof used in the first embodiment device.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the operation of the first embodiment.
FIGS. 4A, 4B, and 4C are explanatory diagrams of an example of exhaust pulsation applied to a one-way valve used in the first embodiment device.
FIG. 5 is an overall configuration diagram of an apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 6A and 6B are explanatory diagrams of an example of exhaust pulsation applied to a one-way valve used in the device of the second embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 engine
2 Intake manifold
3 Exhaust pipe
31 Exhaust manifold
31a Exhaust port
4 Catalyst device
5 Suction device
5a Adsorbent support layer
5c Adsorbent-free layer
6a, 6b circulation channel pipe
7a One-way valve (flow control means)
7b On-off valve
8 Exhaust gas flow switching valve
9 Actuator
11,13 Solenoid valve
14 control means
15 Exhaust gas temperature sensor
34 Exhaust flow path

Claims (5)

エンジンの排気管内に配設した触媒装置と、
この触媒装置より下流の前記排気管内に配設され、排気ガス有害成分を吸着する吸着剤を担持した吸着装置と、
前記触媒装置より下流の前記排気管内に配設され、前記吸着装置を通過しない排気ガスの流れを形成する排気流路と、
前記吸着装置の流路と前記触媒装置の上流側とを連結する循環流路管と、
この循環流路管の途中に排気脈動を受けて作動するように設けられ、管内の流通を前記吸着装置から前記触媒装置への一方向のみに制御する流通調整手段と、
排気ガスの流通を前記吸着装置と、前記排気流路とに選択的に切替可能な排気ガス流路切替手段と、
この切替手段をエンジン冷間時には排気ガスを前記吸着装置に流通せしめる位置に切替え、エンジン暖機時には排気ガスを前記排気流路に流通せしめる位置に切替制御する制御手段とを具備し、
前記循環流路管における前記流通調整手段の位置を、前記触媒装置の上流側から加わる排気脈動と、前記吸着装置の流路側から加わる排気脈動との位相差が略半波長反転する位置に設定したことを特徴とする排気ガス浄化装置。
A catalyst device arranged in the exhaust pipe of the engine,
An adsorption device disposed in the exhaust pipe downstream of the catalyst device and carrying an adsorbent for adsorbing exhaust gas harmful components;
An exhaust passage disposed in the exhaust pipe downstream of the catalyst device and forming a flow of exhaust gas that does not pass through the adsorption device;
A circulation channel pipe connecting the channel of the adsorption device and the upstream side of the catalyst device,
A flow adjusting means that is provided to operate in response to exhaust pulsation in the middle of the circulation flow path pipe, and controls flow in the pipe in only one direction from the adsorption device to the catalyst device,
Exhaust gas flow switching means capable of selectively switching the flow of exhaust gas to the adsorption device and the exhaust flow path,
Control means for switching the switching means to a position at which the exhaust gas flows through the adsorber when the engine is cold, and controlling the switching means to a position at which the exhaust gas flows through the exhaust flow path when the engine is warmed up,
The position of the flow adjusting means in the circulation flow path pipe was set at a position where the phase difference between the exhaust pulsation applied from the upstream side of the catalyst device and the exhaust pulsation applied from the flow path side of the adsorption device was substantially half wavelength inverted . An exhaust gas purification device characterized by the above-mentioned.
前記触媒装置がエンジンの排気マニホルドの排気ポート集合部より下流側に配設されており、
前記循環流路管の管口が前記排気マニホルドの排気ポート集合部より上流の独立した排気ポートに接続されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の排気ガス浄化装置。
The catalyst device is disposed downstream of an exhaust port collecting portion of an exhaust manifold of the engine,
2. The exhaust gas purifying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a port of the circulation passage pipe is connected to an independent exhaust port upstream of an exhaust port collecting part of the exhaust manifold.
エンジンの排気管内に配設した触媒装置と、
この触媒装置より下流の前記排気管内に配設され、排気ガス有害成分を吸着する吸着剤を担持した吸着装置と、
前記触媒装置より下流の前記排気管内に配設され、前記吸着装置を通過しない排気ガスの流れを形成する排気流路と、
前記吸着装置の流路と前記触媒装置の上流側とを連結する循環流路管と、
この循環流路管の途中に排気脈動を受けて作動するように設けられ、管内の流通を前記吸着装置から前記触媒装置への一方向のみに制御する流通調整手段と、
排気ガスの流通を前記吸着装置と、前記排気流路とに選択的に切替可能な排気ガス流路切替手段と、
この切替手段をエンジン冷間時には排気ガスを前記吸着装置に流通せしめる位置に切替え、エンジン暖機時には排気ガスを前記排気流路に流通せしめる位置に切替制御する制御手段とを具備し、
前記循環流路管における前記流通調整手段の位置を、前記触媒装置の上流側から加わる排気脈動と、前記吸着装置の流路側から加わる排気脈動との位相差による差圧によって前記流通調整手段が作動するように、設定し、
前記触媒装置がエンジンの排気マニホルドの排気ポート集合部より下流側に配設されており、
前記循環流路管の管口が前記排気マニホルドの排気ポート集合部より上流の独立した排気ポートに接続されていることを特徴とする排気ガス浄化装置。
A catalyst device arranged in the exhaust pipe of the engine,
An adsorption device disposed in the exhaust pipe downstream of the catalyst device and carrying an adsorbent for adsorbing exhaust gas harmful components;
An exhaust passage disposed in the exhaust pipe downstream of the catalyst device and forming a flow of exhaust gas that does not pass through the adsorption device;
A circulation channel pipe connecting the channel of the adsorption device and the upstream side of the catalyst device,
A flow adjusting means that is provided to operate in response to exhaust pulsation in the middle of the circulation flow path pipe, and controls flow in the pipe in only one direction from the adsorption device to the catalyst device,
Exhaust gas flow switching means capable of selectively switching the flow of exhaust gas to the adsorption device and the exhaust flow path,
Control means for switching the switching means to a position at which the exhaust gas flows through the adsorber when the engine is cold, and controlling the switching means to a position at which the exhaust gas flows through the exhaust flow path when the engine is warmed up,
The position of the flow control means in the circulation flow path pipe is actuated by the pressure difference due to the phase difference between the exhaust pulsation applied from the upstream side of the catalyst device and the exhaust pulsation applied from the flow path side of the adsorption device. To set
The catalyst device is disposed downstream of an exhaust port collecting portion of an exhaust manifold of the engine,
An exhaust gas purifying device, wherein a port of the circulation flow pipe is connected to an independent exhaust port upstream of an exhaust port collecting part of the exhaust manifold .
前記吸着装置は、前記排気管内において前記排気流路の側方に隣接して並列に配設されていることを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれか1つに記載の排気ガス浄化装置。The exhaust gas purifying apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the adsorbing device is arranged in parallel in the exhaust pipe adjacent to a side of the exhaust passage. 前記流路切替手段は、前記吸着装置の下流に配設されていることを特徴とする請求項1ないし4のいずれか1つに記載の排気ガス浄化装置。The exhaust gas purifying apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the flow path switching unit is provided downstream of the adsorption device.
JP17563994A 1992-09-16 1994-07-27 Exhaust gas purification device Expired - Fee Related JP3590995B2 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP17563994A JP3590995B2 (en) 1994-07-27 1994-07-27 Exhaust gas purification device
DE69503821T DE69503821T2 (en) 1994-04-13 1995-03-02 Emission control device
EP95102990A EP0677648B1 (en) 1994-04-13 1995-03-02 Exhaust gas purification apparatus
US08/401,915 US5634332A (en) 1992-09-16 1995-03-09 Exhaust gas purification apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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JP3590995B2 true JP3590995B2 (en) 2004-11-17

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