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JP3593395B2 - Cleaning method in penetration test - Google Patents
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JP3593395B2 - Cleaning method in penetration test - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP3593395B2
JP3593395B2 JP28302595A JP28302595A JP3593395B2 JP 3593395 B2 JP3593395 B2 JP 3593395B2 JP 28302595 A JP28302595 A JP 28302595A JP 28302595 A JP28302595 A JP 28302595A JP 3593395 B2 JP3593395 B2 JP 3593395B2
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cleaning
liquid
cleaning liquid
test
permeate
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JPH09127014A (en
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健治 大野
澄夫 辻井
勝也 井出
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Nakanishi Metal Works Co Ltd
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Nakanishi Metal Works Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、浸透探傷試験において、試験体表面に浸透させた浸透液のうち余剰浸透液を、洗浄液により除去する際に採用される洗浄方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
浸透探傷試験は、各種機器、機械部品等の試験体の表面に開口する微細なクラックやピンホール等の表面欠陥部を、目視で検出可能とするものであり、試験体の材質に影響されず、例えば試験体が磁性体であろうと非磁性体であろうと、1回の処理であらゆる方向の欠陥を検出でき、更に大掛かりな装置も必要としないことから、従来より広く利用されている。
【0003】
この浸透探傷試験の試験手順は、図2に示すように、まず前処理として、油脂分等の試験体の汚れを洗浄して取り除いた後、浸透処理により試験体表面に浸透液を浸透させる。その後、洗浄処理において試験体表面に残留する余剰の浸透液を洗浄液を用いて除去してから、現像処理において試験体表面に現像剤を塗布して、欠陥部に浸透している浸透液を表面に浮き上がらせて、欠陥部を、拡大した像の欠陥指示模様として観察するものである。
【0004】
このような浸透探傷試験は、JIS Z 2343−1992にも規定されるように、使用する浸透液の種類により複数に分類されている。
【0005】
その中でも、浸透液として、赤色の可視染料を含んだものを使用する溶剤除去性染色浸透探傷試験は、電源等が不要で、制約も少なく、更に作業手順も簡単であるため、最も多く採用されている。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、この溶剤除去性染色浸透探傷試験で使用される浸透液は、赤色の油溶性染料を、油からなるベース溶剤や有機溶剤等に溶解させたもの、換言すれば塗料のようなものであり、その浸透液の洗浄には、洗浄力の高い洗浄液を使用する必要がある。
【0007】
従来、その洗浄液として、洗浄後の水切りの良さ等も考慮し、フロン、トリクロルエタン等の有機溶剤を主として使用していたが、このような洗浄力の高い有機溶剤からなる洗浄液を用いて、浸透処理された試験体をほど良く洗浄するのは非常に困難であった。すなわち、作業者は、複数の試験体をわずか数秒の間に数回もの洗浄を行い、しかもその洗浄中に試験体表面を注意深く観察しながら、表面状態に合せて適格に洗浄加減を調整せねばならず、作業者にとって多大な労力と高い熟練度が必要であった。
【0008】
その上、洗浄加減の調整を、ある程度、作業者の経験や勘に頼って行うことになるので、作業者の熟練度、個人差、体調等により、どうしても洗浄度合いにばらつきが生じる。このため例えば過洗浄により、欠陥部に浸透している浸透液を除去してしまい、現像時に欠陥部に指示模様を表出できず、検出精度を低下させたり、逆に洗浄不足により、欠陥のないところに浸透液が残留し、その位置に疑似指示模様が表出して、検出精度を低下させるという問題が発生していた。しかもこの洗浄処理は、既述したように作業者の経験や勘に頼るところが多く、自動化はおろか、もっぱら熟練者による手作業で行うことになり、作業効率の飛躍的な向上は期待できなかった。
【0009】
また洗浄液としての有機溶剤の使用は、昨今、社会問題として大きくクローズアップされている地球環境の悪化にも関与するものであり、その点も懸念されるところであった。
【0010】
この発明は、上記従来技術の問題を解消し、試験体の洗浄を、作業者によってばらつきがなく、適度に効率良く簡単に行えて、浸透探傷試験として高い検出精度を確保でき、しかも地球環境問題にも適切に対処できる浸透探傷試験における洗浄方法を提供することを的とする。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するため、本発明は、試験体の表面に浸透液を浸透させてから、試験体表面の余剰浸透液を洗浄液を用いて除去した後、欠陥部内の浸透液を現像剤を用いて試験体表面に欠陥指示模様として表出させる浸透探傷試験における洗浄方法において、前記洗浄液として、前記浸透液よりも表面張力が高いアルカリ性洗浄液を使用するとともに、前記浸透液として、表面張力が25〜30 dyne cm のものを使用し、前記洗浄液として、表面張力が32〜38dyne/cmのものを使用し、前記余剰浸透液を除去する際に、前記試験体を洗浄液内に浸漬するとともに、その浸漬時に洗浄液に、洗浄力向上用としてバブルを発生させ、浸漬時の洗浄液の温度を30〜70℃に設定し、浸漬時間を3〜10分に設定するものを要旨としている。
【0012】
この発明において、浸透液は、通常通り、微小凹部等の欠陥部に浸透するのに対し、洗浄液は、表面張力が高いため、欠陥部内に浸透することはない。すなわち、作業者の熟練度にかかわらず、十分な洗浄を行うことにより、欠陥部内の浸透液は残存させつつ、余剰浸透液のみを確実に除去することが可能となる。このため、余剰浸透液の残存による疑似指示模様の表出や、過洗浄による欠陥指示模様の未表出を、確実に防止することができ、欠陥部の検出を精度良く行える。
【0013】
更に作業者の熟練度にかかわらず、適度な洗浄を簡単かつ正確に行えるので、作業者の労力軽減及び作業効率の向上を図ることができ、しかも自動化をも図ることが可能となる。
【0014】
また本発明は、洗浄液としてアルカリ性のものを使用しているため、酸化腐食を防止でき、洗浄処理による試験体の劣化を防止できる。
【0015】
更に本発明においては、自然環境に悪影響を及ぼす有機溶剤等を使用しないので、地球環境問題にも適切に対処できる。
【0016】
以下、本発明の構成を更に詳細に説明する。
【0017】
本発明における浸透液としては、溶剤除去性の可視塗料からなるものを好適に使用することができる。
【0018】
このような浸透液を試験体に浸透させる浸透処理としては、上記の浸透液を貯溜した浸透液槽内に、試験体を浸漬する方式を採用するのが良い。
【0019】
本発明における洗浄液としては、上記浸透液よりも表面張力が高いアルカリ性洗浄液を使用する必要がある。中でも上記浸透液に比べて、表面張力が1〜15dyne/cm以上高いもの、好ましくは2〜5dyne/cm以上高いものを使用するのが良い。具体的に説明すると、染色浸透液としては、表面張力が25〜30dyne/cmのものが通常使用されるため、本発明において洗浄液としては、表面張力が26〜45dyne/cmのもの、好ましくは27〜35dyne/cmのもので、かつその表面張力が浸透液のそれよりも高いものを使用するのが良い。すなわち表面張力が低過ぎる洗浄液を使用すると、洗浄時に、試験体の微小凹部等の欠陥部内にも洗浄液が浸透してしまい、欠陥部内の浸透液をも除去してしまう恐れがあり、過洗浄による欠陥指示模様の未表出を生じさせて、検出精度の低下を来すことがあるので、好ましくない。逆に表面張力が高過ぎるものを使用すると、洗浄能力が低下して、洗浄時間が長くなって作業効率の低下を来したり、場合によっては、余剰浸透液を確実に除去できず、疑似指示模様を表出させて、検出精度の低下を来すことになるので、好ましくない。
【0020】
これらの条件を満たし、本発明の使用に適した洗浄液としては、表面張力が約32〜38dyne/cmのものを使用するのが良い。
【0021】
なお、試験体の表面が粗面の場合には、比較的表面張力の高いもの、滑面の場合には比較的表面張力の低いものを使用するが好ましい。
【0022】
また洗浄液としては、アルカリ性のものを使用する必要がある。例えば酸性の洗浄液を使用すると、酸化腐食により試験体を劣化させてしまうことがあるので、好ましくない。
【0023】
このような洗浄液として、具体的には、アルメコM51(商品名、ヘンケル白水株式会社製)等の洗浄液製品を例示することができる。特にこの洗浄液製品を、蒸留水で希釈して使用するのが良い。例えば濃度が2〜30%のもの、好ましくは下限値が4%以上、上限値が20%のものを使用するのが良い。すなわち希釈し過ぎて濃度が低過ぎる洗浄液では、洗浄能力が不十分になり、洗浄時間の延長による作業効率の低下、及び洗浄不足による検出精度の低下を来すことがある。逆に濃度を過度に高くしても、高濃度による利益に乏しく、無意味であるので、好ましくない。
【0024】
本発明において洗浄処理としては、上記のような洗浄液を貯溜した洗浄液槽内に、試験体を浸漬する方式を採用するのが良い。このとき洗浄能力を向上させるために、洗浄液を加熱させておくのが良い。具体的には、洗浄液の温度を、30〜70℃、好ましくは下限値を40℃以上、上限値を60℃以下、より好ましくは50℃前後に設定するのが良い。すなわち洗浄液の温度が低過ぎると、洗浄能力の低下により、上記と同様の不具合が発生する恐れがあり好ましくない。逆に温度が高過ぎると、洗浄液が熱劣化して、洗浄処理を正確に行えないばかりか、取り扱いが不便になったり、ランニングコストも増大するので、好ましくない。
【0025】
また本発明においては、上記洗浄液槽内に、洗浄力向上手段を設けるのが良い。具体的には、洗浄液内にバブルを発生させるたのめバブリング装置、洗浄液に超音波振動を付与するための超音波発生装置、洗浄液に水流を発生させるための水流発生装置を設置するのが良く、この中でも特に、簡易で、試験体全体をバランス良く洗浄することができるバブリング装置を設置するのが好ましい。なおバブリング装置を設置する場合には、洗浄液槽内に供給するエアーの圧力を、3〜10kg/cm2 、好ましくは4〜5kg/cm2 に設定するのが良い。
【0026】
また試験体として、例えば鉄道車両用テーパ保持器を使用する場合、洗浄時間(洗浄液槽への浸漬時間)は、3〜10分、好ましくは下限値が4分以上、上限値が7分以下、より好ましくは5分前後とするのが良い。すなわち洗浄時間が短か過ぎると、洗浄不足により、上記と同様な不具合が発生する恐れがあり、逆に長過ぎると、作業性の低下を来すことがあり、好ましくない。
【0027】
なお洗浄液の温度や洗浄時間は、使用される試験体の種類によって、多少異なることは当然のことである。例えば簡素な形状の試験体では複雑な形状のものと比べて、温度が低く、洗浄時間も短くなる。
【0028】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1はこの発明の実施形態である洗浄装置を概略的に示す側断面図である。同図に示すように、この装置は、溶剤除去性染色浸透探傷試験の代替手法として浸透処理、洗浄処理及び乾燥処理を行うためのものであって、所定の搬送ラインに沿って並んで配置される浸透液槽(1)、洗浄液槽(2)、湯洗槽(3)、及び乾燥ゾーン(4)を備え、更にその搬送ラインに沿って試験体(W)を搬送するための試験体移動手段(5)を備えている。
【0029】
浸透液槽(1)内には、赤色の油溶性染料を、油からなるベース溶剤や有機溶剤に溶解させた溶剤除去性染色浸透液(10)が貯溜されている。この浸透液(10)の表面張力は、およそ25〜30dyne/cmである。
【0030】
また洗浄液槽(2)には、表面張力がおよそ32〜38dyne/cmのアルカリ性洗浄液(20)、具体的には、アルメコM51(商品名、ヘンケル白水株式会社製)を20倍に希釈した濃度5%のアルカリ性洗浄液(20)が貯溜されている。
【0031】
更にこの洗浄液槽(2)の内部には、ヒーター(21)が設置されており、ヒーター(21)の駆動により、洗浄液(20)を所定の温度に加熱できるように構成されている。
【0032】
更に洗浄液槽(2)の内部には、バブリング装置(22)が設置されている。このバブリング装置(22)は、周壁に多数の空気孔が形成された複数のエアー供給パイプ(23)を具備しており、図示しないエアー供給源から所定圧力のエアーがパイプ(23)内に供給されることにより、そのエアーが上記空気孔を介して液槽(2)内に放出されて、洗浄液(20)内に粒状のバブルが無数に発生するように構成されている。
【0033】
湯洗槽(3)の内部には、蒸留水(洗浄湯)(30)が貯溜されており、槽内に設置されたヒーター(31)の駆動により、洗浄湯(30)を所定の温度に加熱できるよう構成されている。
【0034】
また乾燥ゾーン(4)は、例えば温風ファン等により構成された乾燥手段(41)が設けられ、乾燥ゾーン(4)内に配置された試験体(W)を短時間で乾燥できるように構成されている。
【0035】
試験体移動手段(5)は、搬送ラインに沿って配置されるレール(51)と、そのレール(51)上に沿って移動自在なリフト(52)と、そのリフト(52)に取り付けられ、リフト(52)の駆動により昇降自在なハンガー(53)とを備えている。ハンガー(53)は、例えば鉄道車両用テーパ保持器等の試験体(W)を複数同時に吊持できるよう構成されてており、ハンガー(53)の昇降及びリフト(52)のレール移動に伴い、ハンガー(53)に吊持された試験体(W)が昇降し、搬送ラインに沿って移動するように構成されている。
【0036】
更にこの洗浄装置には、リフト(52)の移動や、ハンガー(53)の昇降等を行うための駆動手段が設けられるとともに、その駆動手段の駆動を制御するための制御手段が設けられており、その制御手段に動作開始指令を与えると、制御手段は駆動手段の駆動を制御し、後に説明する動作が自動的に行われるよう構成されている。
【0037】
次に、この洗浄装置を用いて、鉄道車両用テーパ保持器等を試験体(W)として、浸透探傷試験を行う場合について説明する。
【0038】
なお試験体移動手段(5)のリフト(52)は、洗浄装置における搬送方向に対し上流側の搬入位置に待機しているものとする。
【0039】
まず始めに、ヒーター(21)(31)により、洗浄液(2)及び洗浄湯(3)を50℃に設定するとともに、バブリング装置(22)により洗浄液(2)内にバブルを発生させる。
【0040】
そしてその状態で油脂分等の汚れを前処理で取り除いた複数の試験体(W)を、試験体移動手段(5)のハンガー(53)に吊持させて、上記制御手段に動作開始指令を与える。
【0041】
これによりリフト(52)が移動して、試験体(W)が浸透液槽(1)の上方に配置され、続いてハンガー(53)が降下して、試験体(W)が浸透液(10)内に浸漬される。
【0042】
続いて、ハンガー(53)が上昇した後、液槽の上方付近で、所定時間(15分程度)待機する。この待機によって、試験体(W)のクラック、ピンホール等の欠陥部内に浸透液(10)が十分に浸透することになる。
【0043】
この浸透が十分に行われた後、リフト(52)の移動により試験体(W)が洗浄液槽(2)の上方まで移動し、続いてハンガー(53)が降下して、試験体(W)が洗浄液(20)内に浸漬される。この浸漬により、試験体表面に付着した余剰の浸透液が除去される。なおこの洗浄処理の洗浄液(20)は、上記したように浸透液よりも表面張力が高いため、試験体(W)の欠陥部内には浸透することはなく、欠陥部内の浸透液は残留することになる。しかも洗浄液(20)を加熱するとともに、液内にバブルを発生させているため、複雑な形状の試験体(W)であっても、十分な洗浄力が得られ、洗浄不足を確実に防止できる。
【0044】
洗浄が完了すると、ハンガー(53)が上昇して湯洗槽(3)の上方まで移動し降下することにより、試験体(W)が洗浄湯(30)内に浸漬される。これにより試験体(W)に付着した余剰の洗浄液等が除去される。
【0045】
湯洗が完了すると、ハンガー(53)が上昇してから移動し、試験体(W)が乾燥ゾーン(4)内に配置される。そこで試験体(W)は、乾燥手段(41)により50℃程度の熱風で所定時間乾燥処理される。
【0046】
こうして試験体(W)が乾燥した後、リフト(52)が移動して所定の位置に試験体(W)が搬出される。
【0047】
その後作業者は、ハンガー(53)から試験体(W)を取り出して、試験体表面に、白色現像液をスプレーにより塗布する。これにより欠陥部内に残留した浸透液が欠陥部周辺に欠陥指示模様として表出させる。そしてこの模様を観察することにより試験体欠陥部を検出する。
【0048】
以上のように、この装置によれば、浸透探傷試験における浸透処理及び洗浄処理を自動的に行うことができる。従って、作業者の労力を極端に軽減させることができる。
【0049】
なお上記実施形態においては、レールとリフトの組み合わせにより試験体移動手段を構成しているが、本発明の試験体移動手段は、試験体の槽内への浸漬と、搬送ラインに沿っての移動を行える機構であればどのような機構を採用しても良い。例えば試験体を搬送し得るローラと、リフトとの組み合わせにより試験体移動手段を構成して良い。
【0050】
また本発明は、溶剤除去性染色浸透探傷試験に限られず、溶剤除去性蛍光浸透探傷試験等の他の浸透探傷試験の代替手法として適用することができる。
【0051】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、本発明の浸透探傷試験における洗浄方法によれば、洗浄液として、表面張力が浸透液よりも高いアルカリ性洗浄液、例えば表面張力が浸透液よりも1〜15dyne/cm高いものを使用しているため、洗浄液は、試験体の微小凹部等の欠陥部に浸透することがないので、欠陥部内の浸透液を残存させつつ、試験体表面の余剰浸透液のみを確実に除去できる。このため余剰浸透液の残存による疑似指示模様の表出や、過洗浄による欠陥指示模様の未表出を確実に防止でき、欠陥部の検出を精度良く行える。更に過洗浄を防止できるので、適度な洗浄を簡単かつ正確に行えて、作業効率の向上を図ることができる。しかも自然環境に悪影響を及ぼす有機溶剤等を使用しないので、地球環境問題にも適切に対処できるという効果を得ることができる。
【0052】
本発明において、試験体を洗浄液内に浸漬して余剰浸透液を除去する際に洗浄液内にバブルを発生させるため、洗浄力が向上して、洗浄処理を短時間で行えるとともに、複雑な形状の試験体であっても均一に洗浄でき、より一層作業効率の向上を図ることができるという利点がある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】この発明の実施形態である浸透探傷試験における洗浄装置を概略的に示す側面図である。
【図2】浸透探傷試験の試験手順を示すフローチャートである。
【符号の説明】
1…浸透液槽
2…洗浄液槽
10…浸透液
20…洗浄液
50…試験体移動手段
W…試験体
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention provides a penetrant, excess permeate out of the permeate infiltrated the test surface relate to the cleaning how employed in removing the cleaning liquid.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The penetrant inspection test allows visual inspection of surface defects such as fine cracks and pinholes that open on the surface of the specimen, such as various devices and mechanical parts, and is not affected by the material of the specimen. For example, regardless of whether the test body is a magnetic body or a non-magnetic body, it can be used to detect defects in all directions in a single process and does not require a large-scale apparatus.
[0003]
As shown in FIG. 2, in the test procedure of the penetrant inspection test, first, as a pretreatment, dirt of the test body such as oils and fats is washed and removed, and then a permeation liquid is made to permeate the surface of the test body by the permeation treatment. After that, the excess permeate remaining on the surface of the specimen in the cleaning process is removed using a cleaning solution, and then the developer is applied to the surface of the specimen in the development process so that the permeate penetrating the defective portion is removed from the surface. The defect portion is observed as a defect indication pattern of an enlarged image.
[0004]
As described in JIS Z 2343-1992, such penetrant testing is classified into a plurality of types according to the type of penetrant used.
[0005]
Among them, the solvent-removable dye penetrant detection test using a dye containing a red visible dye as the permeating liquid is most often adopted because it does not require a power source, has few restrictions, and has a simple work procedure. ing.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the penetrant used in the solvent-removable dye penetrant test is a solution obtained by dissolving a red oil-soluble dye in a base solvent or an organic solvent composed of oil, in other words, a paint. In order to wash the permeate, it is necessary to use a washing liquid having a high detergency.
[0007]
Conventionally, organic solvents such as CFCs and trichloroethane have been mainly used as the cleaning liquid in consideration of the good drainage after cleaning, etc. It was very difficult to clean the treated specimens reasonably well. That is, the operator has to wash a plurality of specimens several times in a few seconds, and carefully observe the surface of the specimens during the cleaning, and adjust the cleaning level appropriately according to the surface condition. Instead, a great deal of labor and high skill were required for the workers.
[0008]
In addition, since the adjustment of the washing is adjusted to a certain extent based on the experience and intuition of the operator, the degree of washing is necessarily varied due to the skill of the operator, individual differences, physical condition, and the like. Therefore, for example, the penetrating liquid that has permeated the defective portion is removed by over-cleaning, and an indication pattern cannot be displayed on the defective portion during development, thereby lowering the detection accuracy or conversely, insufficient cleaning due to insufficient cleaning. There has been a problem that the penetrating liquid remains in a non-existent place, and a false indication pattern appears at that position, thereby lowering the detection accuracy. Moreover, as described above, this cleaning process often relies on the experience and intuition of the operator, and, not to mention automation, must be performed manually only by skilled workers, and a dramatic improvement in work efficiency could not be expected. .
[0009]
Further, the use of an organic solvent as a cleaning liquid also contributes to the deterioration of the global environment, which has recently been greatly raised as a social problem, and this has been a concern.
[0010]
The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and can wash a test specimen appropriately and efficiently without variation among operators, and can secure high detection accuracy as a penetrant inspection test, and furthermore, have a global environmental problem. and purpose thereof is to provide a washing method in a properly cope penetrant to.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is to use a developer after penetrating a permeation solution into the surface of a test piece, removing excess permeate on the surface of the test piece using a cleaning liquid, and then using a developer to remove the permeate in the defective portion. In the cleaning method in the penetrant inspection test in which the surface of the test piece is exposed as a defect indication pattern, an alkaline cleaning liquid having a higher surface tension than the penetrating liquid is used as the cleaning liquid, and the surface tension is 25 to 30 dyne / cm is used. As the cleaning liquid, a surface tension of 32 to 38 dyne / cm is used. When removing the surplus permeate, the test specimen is immersed in the cleaning liquid. The gist is that a bubble is generated in the cleaning liquid during immersion for improving the cleaning power, the temperature of the cleaning liquid during immersion is set at 30 to 70 ° C., and the immersion time is set at 3 to 10 minutes.
[0012]
In the present invention, the penetrating liquid penetrates into a defective portion such as a minute concave portion as usual, whereas the cleaning liquid does not penetrate into the defective portion due to high surface tension. That is, irrespective of the skill level of the operator, by performing sufficient washing, it is possible to reliably remove only the excess permeate while leaving the permeate in the defective portion. For this reason, it is possible to reliably prevent the appearance of the pseudo instruction pattern due to the remaining surplus permeate and the absence of the defect instruction pattern due to overcleaning, and to accurately detect the defective portion.
[0013]
Further, regardless of the skill of the worker, appropriate cleaning can be performed easily and accurately, so that the labor of the worker can be reduced, the working efficiency can be improved, and automation can be achieved.
[0014]
Further, in the present invention, since an alkaline cleaning liquid is used, oxidative corrosion can be prevented, and deterioration of the test specimen due to the cleaning treatment can be prevented.
[0015]
Further, in the present invention, since an organic solvent or the like which has a bad influence on the natural environment is not used, it is possible to appropriately cope with global environmental problems.
[0016]
Hereinafter, the configuration of the present invention will be described in more detail.
[0017]
As the penetrating liquid in the present invention, a liquid composed of a solvent-removable visible paint can be suitably used.
[0018]
As the permeation treatment for permeating the permeate into the test piece, it is preferable to use a method in which the test piece is immersed in a permeate tank in which the permeate is stored.
[0019]
As the cleaning liquid in the present invention, it is necessary to use an alkaline cleaning liquid having a higher surface tension than the above-mentioned penetrating liquid. Among them, those having a surface tension higher by 1 to 15 dyne / cm or higher, preferably 2 to 5 dyne / cm or higher than the above-mentioned permeate are good. To be more specific, since a dye penetration liquid having a surface tension of 25 to 30 dyne / cm is usually used, a washing liquid having a surface tension of 26 to 45 dyne / cm, preferably 27, is used in the present invention. It is preferable to use a material having a surface tension of ~ 35 dyne / cm and a surface tension higher than that of the permeate. That is, if a cleaning liquid having a surface tension that is too low is used, the cleaning liquid may penetrate into a defective portion such as a minute concave portion of the test sample during cleaning, and the penetrating liquid in the defective portion may be removed. This is not preferable because the defect indication pattern may not be displayed, which may lower the detection accuracy. Conversely, if the surface tension is too high, the washing capacity will be reduced, the washing time will be prolonged and the work efficiency will be reduced. It is not preferable because the pattern is exposed and the detection accuracy is reduced.
[0020]
As a cleaning solution that satisfies these conditions and is suitable for use in the present invention, a cleaning solution having a surface tension of about 32 to 38 dyne / cm is preferably used.
[0021]
In addition, when the surface of the test piece is a rough surface, it is preferable to use one having a relatively high surface tension, and to use a smooth surface, one having a relatively low surface tension.
[0022]
It is necessary to use an alkaline cleaning solution. For example, the use of an acidic cleaning solution is not preferable because the specimen may be deteriorated by oxidative corrosion.
[0023]
Specific examples of such a cleaning liquid include cleaning liquid products such as Almeco M51 (trade name, manufactured by Henkel Hakusui Co., Ltd.). In particular, the cleaning liquid product is preferably diluted with distilled water before use. For example, a material having a concentration of 2 to 30%, preferably having a lower limit of 4% or more and an upper limit of 20% is used. In other words, a cleaning solution that is too diluted and has a too low concentration may result in insufficient cleaning ability, resulting in a decrease in work efficiency due to an increase in cleaning time and a decrease in detection accuracy due to insufficient cleaning. Conversely, if the concentration is excessively high, it is not preferable because the benefits of the high concentration are poor and meaningless.
[0024]
In the present invention, as the cleaning treatment, it is preferable to adopt a method of immersing the test specimen in a cleaning liquid tank storing the above-described cleaning liquid. At this time, it is preferable to heat the cleaning liquid in order to improve the cleaning ability. Specifically, the temperature of the cleaning solution is set to 30 to 70 ° C., preferably the lower limit is set to 40 ° C. or higher, and the upper limit is set to 60 ° C. or lower, more preferably around 50 ° C. That is, if the temperature of the cleaning liquid is too low, the same problem as described above may occur due to a decrease in cleaning ability, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if the temperature is too high, the cleaning liquid is thermally degraded, so that not only the cleaning process cannot be performed accurately, but also the handling becomes inconvenient and the running cost increases, which is not preferable.
[0025]
Further, in the present invention, it is preferable to provide a cleaning power improving means in the cleaning liquid tank. Specifically, it is good to install a bubbling device for generating bubbles in the cleaning liquid, an ultrasonic generator for applying ultrasonic vibration to the cleaning liquid, and a water flow generator for generating a water flow in the cleaning liquid. Above all, it is particularly preferable to provide a bubbling device that is simple and can wash the entire test body in a well-balanced manner. When a bubbling device is installed, the pressure of the air supplied into the cleaning liquid tank is set to 3 to 10 kg / cm 2 , preferably 4 to 5 kg / cm 2 .
[0026]
When a tapered retainer for a railway vehicle is used as a test body, for example, the cleaning time (time of immersion in the cleaning liquid tank) is 3 to 10 minutes, preferably the lower limit is 4 minutes or more, and the upper limit is 7 minutes or less. More preferably, it is set to about 5 minutes. That is, if the cleaning time is too short, the same problems as described above may occur due to insufficient cleaning. Conversely, if the cleaning time is too long, the workability may decrease, which is not preferable.
[0027]
It should be noted that the temperature of the cleaning liquid and the cleaning time slightly vary depending on the type of the test body used. For example, a specimen having a simple shape has a lower temperature and a shorter cleaning time than a specimen having a complicated shape.
[0028]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is a side sectional view schematically showing a cleaning apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, this apparatus is for performing a permeation treatment, a washing treatment, and a drying treatment as an alternative method of the solvent removal dye penetration penetrant inspection test, and is arranged side by side along a predetermined transport line. A specimen bath for transporting a specimen (W) along a transport line including a permeating liquid tank (1), a washing liquid tank (2), a hot water washing tank (3), and a drying zone (4). Means (5).
[0029]
In the permeation liquid tank (1), a solvent-removable dye permeation liquid (10) in which a red oil-soluble dye is dissolved in a base solvent or an organic solvent composed of oil is stored. The surface tension of the permeate (10) is approximately 25 to 30 dyne / cm.
[0030]
In the washing liquid tank (2), an alkaline washing liquid (20) having a surface tension of about 32 to 38 dyne / cm, specifically, a concentration of 5 times diluted ALMEC M51 (trade name, manufactured by Henkel Hakusui Co., Ltd.) was used. % Alkaline cleaning liquid (20) is stored.
[0031]
Further, a heater (21) is provided inside the cleaning liquid tank (2), and the cleaning liquid (20) can be heated to a predetermined temperature by driving the heater (21).
[0032]
Further, a bubbling device (22) is provided inside the cleaning liquid tank (2). The bubbling device (22) includes a plurality of air supply pipes (23) having a large number of air holes formed in a peripheral wall, and air at a predetermined pressure is supplied into the pipe (23) from an air supply source (not shown). As a result, the air is released into the liquid tank (2) through the air holes, and countless granular bubbles are generated in the cleaning liquid (20).
[0033]
Distilled water (washing water) (30) is stored inside the hot water washing tank (3), and the washing water (30) is brought to a predetermined temperature by driving a heater (31) installed in the tank. It is configured to be able to heat.
[0034]
The drying zone (4) is provided with a drying means (41) composed of, for example, a hot air fan or the like, and is configured to dry the test specimen (W) disposed in the drying zone (4) in a short time. Have been.
[0035]
The specimen moving means (5) is mounted on a rail (51) arranged along the transport line, a lift (52) movable along the rail (51), and the lift (52), A hanger (53) that can be raised and lowered by driving the lift (52). The hanger (53) is configured to be able to simultaneously suspend a plurality of test bodies (W) such as a tapered retainer for a railway vehicle, and as the hanger (53) moves up and down and the lift (52) moves on the rails, The test body (W) suspended on the hanger (53) is configured to move up and down and move along the transport line.
[0036]
Further, the cleaning device is provided with a driving means for moving the lift (52), moving the hanger (53) up and down, and the like, and a control means for controlling the driving of the driving means. When an operation start command is given to the control means, the control means controls the driving of the driving means, and the operation described later is automatically performed.
[0037]
Next, a description will be given of a case where a penetration testing is performed using this cleaning device and a test piece (W) using a tapered retainer for a railway vehicle or the like as a test body (W).
[0038]
It is assumed that the lift (52) of the specimen moving means (5) is on standby at the carry-in position on the upstream side in the transport direction in the cleaning device.
[0039]
First, the cleaning liquid (2) and the cleaning water (3) are set to 50 ° C. by the heaters (21) and (31), and bubbles are generated in the cleaning liquid (2) by the bubbling device (22).
[0040]
Then, in this state, the plurality of specimens (W) from which dirt such as oils and fats have been removed by pretreatment are hung on a hanger (53) of the specimen moving means (5), and an operation start command is sent to the control means. give.
[0041]
As a result, the lift (52) moves to place the specimen (W) above the permeate tank (1), and then the hanger (53) descends, causing the specimen (W) to move into the permeate (10). ).
[0042]
Subsequently, after the hanger (53) rises, it waits for a predetermined time (about 15 minutes) near the upper part of the liquid tank. By this standby, the permeating liquid (10) sufficiently penetrates into a defective portion such as a crack or a pinhole of the specimen (W).
[0043]
After this permeation is sufficiently performed, the test specimen (W) moves to above the cleaning liquid tank (2) by the movement of the lift (52), and then the hanger (53) descends, and the test specimen (W) Is immersed in the cleaning liquid (20). This immersion removes excess permeate adhering to the surface of the test specimen. Since the cleaning liquid (20) for this cleaning treatment has a higher surface tension than the penetrating liquid as described above, it does not penetrate into the defective part of the test specimen (W), and the penetrating liquid in the defective part remains. become. In addition, since the cleaning liquid (20) is heated and bubbles are generated in the liquid, sufficient cleaning power can be obtained even for a test piece (W) having a complicated shape, and insufficient cleaning can be reliably prevented. .
[0044]
When the washing is completed, the hanger (53) rises, moves to above the hot water washing tank (3), and descends, so that the test specimen (W) is immersed in the washing hot water (30). This removes excess cleaning liquid and the like adhering to the specimen (W).
[0045]
When the hot water washing is completed, the hanger (53) moves after being raised, and the specimen (W) is placed in the drying zone (4). Then, the test body (W) is dried by hot air of about 50 ° C. for a predetermined time by the drying means (41).
[0046]
After the specimen (W) is dried in this way, the lift (52) moves and the specimen (W) is carried out to a predetermined position.
[0047]
Thereafter, the worker takes out the test piece (W) from the hanger (53) and applies a white developer to the surface of the test piece by spraying. As a result, the permeate remaining in the defective portion is exposed as a defect indicating pattern around the defective portion. Then, by observing this pattern, a defective portion of the test body is detected.
[0048]
As described above, according to this apparatus, it is possible to automatically perform the penetration process and the cleaning process in the penetration test. Therefore, the labor of the operator can be extremely reduced.
[0049]
In the above embodiment, the specimen moving means is constituted by a combination of a rail and a lift. However, the specimen moving means of the present invention immerses the specimen into the tank and moves the specimen along the transport line. Any mechanism may be employed as long as it can perform the above. For example, the specimen moving means may be constituted by a combination of a roller capable of transporting the specimen and a lift.
[0050]
The present invention is not limited to the solvent-removable dye penetrant test, but can be applied as an alternative method to other penetrant tests such as the solvent-removable fluorescent penetrant test.
[0051]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, use according to the cleaning method of this onset Ming penetrant, as the cleaning liquid, highly alkaline washing solution than surface tension penetrant, for example, surface tension and a high 1~15dyne / cm than permeate As a result, the cleaning liquid does not permeate into a defective portion such as a minute concave portion of the test specimen, so that only the surplus permeate on the surface of the test specimen can be reliably removed while the penetrating liquid in the defective part remains. For this reason, it is possible to reliably prevent the appearance of the pseudo instruction pattern due to the remaining surplus permeate and the non-existence of the defect instruction pattern due to overcleaning, and to accurately detect the defective portion. Furthermore, since over-cleaning can be prevented, appropriate cleaning can be performed easily and accurately, and work efficiency can be improved. In addition, since an organic solvent or the like, which has a bad influence on the natural environment, is not used, it is possible to obtain an effect of appropriately addressing global environmental problems.
[0052]
In the onset bright, for generating bubbles in the specimen is immersed in the cleaning liquid in the cleaning liquid in removing excess permeate, and detergency is improved, with perform a cleaning process in a short time, complex shape There is an advantage that even the test specimen of the above can be washed uniformly and the working efficiency can be further improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view schematically showing a cleaning apparatus in a penetrant inspection test according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a test procedure of a penetration testing.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Penetration liquid tank 2 ... Cleaning liquid tank 10 ... Penetration liquid 20 ... Cleaning liquid 50 ... Specimen moving means W ... Specimen

Claims (2)

試験体の表面に浸透液を浸透させてから、試験体表面の余剰浸透液を洗浄液を用いて除去した後、欠陥部内の浸透液を現像剤を用いて試験体表面に欠陥指示模様として表出させる浸透探傷試験における洗浄方法において、
前記洗浄液として、前記浸透液よりも表面張力が高いアルカリ性洗浄液を使用するとともに、
前記浸透液として、表面張力が25〜30 dyne cm のものを使用し、
前記洗浄液として、表面張力が32〜38dyne/cmのものを使用し、
前記余剰浸透液を除去する際に、前記試験体を洗浄液内に浸漬するとともに、その浸漬時に洗浄液に、洗浄力向上用としてバブルを発生させ、
浸漬時の洗浄液の温度を30〜70℃に設定し、浸漬時間を3〜10分に設定するものとしたことを特徴とした浸透探傷試験における洗浄方法。
After infiltrating the permeate into the surface of the test piece, the excess permeate on the test piece surface is removed using a cleaning solution, and the permeate in the defective portion is expressed as a defect indication pattern on the test piece surface using a developer. In the cleaning method in the penetration test
As the cleaning liquid, while using an alkaline cleaning liquid having a higher surface tension than the penetrating liquid,
As the permeating liquid, a liquid having a surface tension of 25 to 30 dyne / cm is used,
As the cleaning liquid, a liquid having a surface tension of 32 to 38 dyne / cm is used,
When removing the excess permeate, while immersing the test body in the cleaning liquid, in the cleaning liquid at the time of the immersion, to generate bubbles for cleaning power improvement,
A method for cleaning in a penetrating flaw detection test, wherein the temperature of the cleaning liquid during immersion is set at 30 to 70 ° C., and the immersion time is set at 3 to 10 minutes.
洗浄液槽内に供給するエアーの圧力を、3〜10kg/cm2 に設定して、前記洗浄液にバブルを発生させるものとした請求項1記載の浸透探傷試験における洗浄方法。 2. The cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure of the air supplied into the cleaning liquid tank is set to 3 to 10 kg / cm 2 to generate bubbles in the cleaning liquid.
JP28302595A 1995-10-31 1995-10-31 Cleaning method in penetration test Expired - Fee Related JP3593395B2 (en)

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