JP3594483B2 - Fatty acids or salts thereof, fatty acid extracts, isolation methods and uses thereof - Google Patents
Fatty acids or salts thereof, fatty acid extracts, isolation methods and uses thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP3594483B2 JP3594483B2 JP12351498A JP12351498A JP3594483B2 JP 3594483 B2 JP3594483 B2 JP 3594483B2 JP 12351498 A JP12351498 A JP 12351498A JP 12351498 A JP12351498 A JP 12351498A JP 3594483 B2 JP3594483 B2 JP 3594483B2
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- Prior art keywords
- fatty acid
- fraction
- extract
- cocolic
- nmr
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 title claims description 84
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 title claims description 84
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- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 title claims description 30
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 title description 5
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、脂肪酸又はその塩、脂肪酸抽出物、その単離法及び用途に関し、より詳細には、コーコリ脂肪酸A〜Fと命名された新規な脂肪酸又はその塩、脂肪酸抽出物、その単離法及び該脂肪酸を有効成分として含有する医薬組成物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
モロヘイヤ(Corchorus olitolius L.)は、主にアフリカ東北部や中東など地中海東部地域で栽培され、わずか半年で2mに生長するシナノキ科の一年生植物である。
ユナニー医学やアーユルベーダ医学では、モロヘイヤは強壮剤と考えられており、特に生葉や茎で、カリウムカルシウム等のミネラル、βカロチン及びビタミン類の含有量が他の野菜に比べて非常に豊富であり、また同時に中性脂肪の低下作用や血糖低下作用を有する多量の粘性多糖類が含有されていることから、近年では、機能性野菜や健康食品としての利用が増している。
【0003】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、モロヘイヤに含まれる種々の有効成分について研究を行った結果、モロヘイヤに脂肪酸及びグリコシドが含有されていることを見いだし、さらに新規の脂肪酸が含有されていることを見いだした。また、これら脂肪酸について種々の研究を行うことにより、意外にも、モロヘイヤに含まれるこれら脂肪酸類が、一酸化窒素(NO)産生抑制活性を有するという知見を得、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0004】
すなわち、本発明によれば、式(I)
【0005】
【化6】
【0006】
〔式中、R1がOHかつR3がHであり、R 2 が−(CH=CH) 3 −COCH 2 CH 3 である場合に、次式のいずれか:
【化22】
または
【化23】
で表される脂肪酸又はその塩が提供される。
【0007】
また、低級脂肪族アルコールに可溶性であり、モロヘイヤから抽出、単離し得る、上記脂肪酸又はその塩を少なくとも1種含有することからなる脂肪酸抽出物が提供される。
さらに、モロヘイヤを低級脂肪族アルコールで抽出処理し、抽出液を濃縮するかせずして酢酸エチル−水で分配処理し、得られる酢酸エチル層から上記脂肪酸又はその塩を少なくとも1種含有する脂肪酸抽出物を単離し、さらに該脂肪酸抽出物から、上記脂肪酸又はその塩を個々に単離することからなる単離法が提供される。
【0008】
また、有効成分として上記脂肪酸又はその塩、又は脂肪酸抽出物の少なくとも1種と、医薬的に受容な賦形剤とからなる医薬組成物が提供される。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明においては、モロヘイヤから抽出される成分は、上記式(I)に示されたとおりの新規の脂肪酸、及びその他に既知化合物であるアゼライン酸(azelaic acid)、トランス−3−ドデセンジ酸(trans−3−dodecenedioic acid)、イソケルシトリン(isoquercitrin)、アストラガリン(astragalin)ならびにコルコイオノシド(corchoionoside)A等を含む。本発明者は、これら6種の新規の脂肪酸についてそれぞれコーコリ脂肪酸A〜Fと命名した。コーコリ脂肪酸A〜Fは、具体的には以下の構造式を有するものである。
【0010】
【化7】
【0011】
【0012】
【化8】
【0013】
【0014】
【化9】
【0015】
【0016】
【化10】
【0017】
【0018】
【化11】
【0019】
【0020】
【化12】
【0021】
上記式から明らかなように、コーコリ脂肪酸C及びDは、それぞれA及びBの12位、13位がシス型の構造となっている立体異性体である。
本発明においては、上記式で示される脂肪酸は、脂肪酸を分離、精製する際に使用される溶媒との間で形成し得る溶媒和物又は水和物を含む。また、これら脂肪酸は塩基により形成された医薬的に受容な塩であってもよく、該塩基としては例えばナトリウム、カリウムのようなアルカリ金属、カルシウム、マグネシウムのようなアルカリ土類金属及びこれらの水酸化物、アンモニア等の無機塩基、又はピリジン、キノリン、ピペリジン、コリジン、トリエチルアミン、トリエタノールアミン、イミダゾール、モルホリン等の有機塩基等が挙げられる。
【0022】
本発明の脂肪酸は、モロヘイヤを低級脂肪族アルコールで抽出処理し、抽出液を濃縮するかせずして酢酸エチル−水で分配処理し、酢酸エチル層を得ることからなる。
原料となるモロヘイヤは、種類又は産地等により、成分の種類及び量等に若干の差があると考えられる。また、茎等を含んでいてもよいが、主に葉を用いることが好ましい。葉は、そのままでも、乾燥させて用いてもよい。
【0023】
モロヘイヤは、低級脂肪族アルコールで抽出処理する。低級脂肪族アルコールとしては、例えばメタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、ブタノール等を使用することができる。好ましくは、メタノールである。この抽出処理は、常温で行ってもよいが、使用する低級脂肪族アルコールが煮沸する程度に加熱して行うことが好ましい。この抽出処理は、数回繰り返すことが好ましく、1回の低級脂肪族アルコールの使用量は、モロヘイヤの2〜6倍(重量)程度が好ましい。
【0024】
次いで、この抽出液を任意に濃縮する。この際の濃縮は減圧下で行うことが好ましい。なお、得られた濃縮物を、先に使用した同様の低級脂肪族アルコールを用いてろ別し、ろ液をさらに濃縮してもよい。
得られた抽出液(濃縮物)を、酢酸エチル−水で分配処理する。この分配処理は、▲1▼抽出液(濃縮物)を水と酢酸エチルの混液と振盪するか、▲2▼抽出液(濃縮物)を水に懸濁し、酢酸エチルとともに振盪する等のいずれの方法で行ってもよい。目的とする成分は、このように処理することにより主に酢酸エチル層に移行される。なお、この分配処理は、常温で行うことが好ましい。▲1▼において、混液中の水と酢酸エチルとの割合は、1:0.5〜1:5(重量比)程度が好ましく、1:1程度がより好ましい。▲2▼においては、抽出液(濃縮物)をほぼ同量の水に懸濁し、これに2〜5倍(重量)程度の酢酸エチルを加えて振盪し、この処理を2〜3回程度繰り返すことにより、目的とする成分が酢酸エチル層に移行する。
【0025】
このようにして得られる酢酸エチル層を、好ましくは減圧下で濃縮する。この濃縮は乾固するまで行ってもよい。
得られた濃縮物は、精製処理に付すことが好ましい。精製処理方法としては、例えば、順相シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー、逆相シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー、高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)、遠心液体クロマトグラフィー、カラムクロマトグラフィー、薄層クロマトグラフィー等のいずれか、又はそれらを組み合わせて使用する方法がある。この際の担体、溶出溶媒等の精製条件は、用いる溶媒等により適宜調節することができる。また、以下の別の精製処理と組み合わせて使用してもよい。
【0026】
また、別の精製処理方法としては、得られた濃縮物を、約30%以下の低級脂肪族アルコール含有水に溶解させ、この溶液を吸着性樹脂に接触させて吸着させた後、低級脂肪族アルコール又は約30%以上の低級脂肪族アルコール含有水で溶離する方法が挙げられる。この際に使用される低級脂肪族アルコールは、上述したとおりであり、なかでもメタノールが好ましい。吸着性樹脂としては、通常当該分野の精製処理に使用されるものであれば特に限定されるものではなく、例えば巨大網状構造で多孔性の架橋されたポリスチレン系樹脂が挙げられる。
【0027】
溶離する際に用いられるものとしては、約30%以上、好ましくは35〜99%の低級脂肪族アルコール含有水が挙げられる。低級脂肪族アルコールは上記と同様のものを用いることができ、なかでもメタノールが好ましい。
このようにして得られた脂肪酸は、そのまま本発明の医薬組成物の有効成分として使用することができる。つまり、モロヘイヤに含有される脂肪酸類について、NO産生抑制作用を検討したところ、上記式(I)に示す脂肪酸に強い阻害作用が認められた。
【0028】
NOは、循環系、免疫系及び神経系で重要な役割を果たしており、生体内で3種の合成酵素(NOS)により生産される。このうち、各種サイトカインやLPS(リポポリサッカライド)により合成されるNOS−2は、他の合成酵素と比較して約100倍の量のNOを生産するため、NOS−2により生産されるNOは、その過剰な量から生理的作用よりむしろ病理的作用が問題となっている。
【0029】
これに対し、式(I)に示す本発明の脂肪酸はNO産生抑制作用を有することから、多量のNOが病因となっている敗血症性疾患(エンドトキシンショック)、低血圧症、炎症性組織障害、虚血性疾患、アレルギー性疾患、抗菌作用や抗腫瘍作用の低下といった自己免疫疾患等の予防及び治療に対し、単一物、抽出物あるいは混合物の形態で、医薬組成物としての使用が可能であると考えられる。
したがって、この発明の脂肪酸又はその塩、又は脂肪酸抽出物は、医薬的に受容な賦形剤とからなる医薬組成物として使用することができる。
【0030】
本発明の脂肪酸は、上述の塩基を用いて、常法により適切な医薬的に受容な塩を形成することができる。また、脂肪酸抽出物は、以下の実施例に詳細に示すとおり、低級脂肪族アルコールで適宜得ることができる。
【0031】
組成物は、経口用又は非経口用のいずれであってもよく、常法又はその他の適切な方法で製造することができる。経口用組成物としては、通常散剤、錠剤、乳剤、カプセル剤、顆粒剤、舌下錠、液剤(チンキ剤、流エキス剤、舌下エアゾール、酒精剤、懸濁剤、リモナーデ剤、シロップ剤等)等が挙げられる。また、非経口用組成物としては、軟膏剤、硬膏剤、液剤(注射剤、チンキ剤、ローション剤、酒精剤、噴霧剤、エアゾール等)、湿布剤(パップ剤、パスタ剤、貼付剤、貼付錠等)、塗布剤、散布剤、リニメント剤、クリーム剤、乳剤等が挙げられる。なお、これら組成物は、徐放性処理が施されていてもよい。
【0032】
また、この発明の組成物は、所望により緩衝剤、安定化剤、希釈剤、甘味剤、粘滑剤、防腐剤ならびに着香剤及び着色剤等のような通常の添加剤を含んでいてもよい。
上記で使用される賦形剤としては、当該分野で公知の固体又は液体の賦形剤を使用することができる。例えば、散剤、その他の経口粉末剤における賦形剤としては、乳糖、澱粉、デキストリン、リン酸カルシウム、炭酸カルシウム、合成及び天然のケイ酸アルミニウム、酸化マグネシウム、乾燥水酸化アルミニウム、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、重炭酸ナトリウム、乾燥酵母等が挙げられる。外用散剤の場合は、酸化亜鉛、タルク、澱粉、カオリン、硼酸末、ステアリン酸亜鉛、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、沈降炭酸カルシウム、次没子酸ビスマス、硫酸アルミニウムカリウム末等が挙げられる。液剤における賦形剤としては、水、グリセリン、プロピレングリコール、単シロップ、エタノール、脂肪油、エチレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール、ソルビトール等が挙げられる。軟膏剤における賦形剤としては、脂肪、脂肪油、ラノリン、ワセリン、グリセリン、ミツロウ、パラフィン、流動パラフィン、樹脂、高級アルコール、グリコール類、界面活性剤等を挙げることができる。
【0033】
これら組成物の服用量は、経口用製剤の場合、式(I)の脂肪酸又はその塩、又は脂肪酸抽出物を成人1日当たり0.1〜1.5mg程度、好ましくは0.3〜0.8mg程度を数回に分けて投与することによって効力を発揮することができる。非経口用製剤の場合、例えば式(I)の脂肪酸又はその塩、又は脂肪酸抽出物を0.01〜10%濃度で配合した製剤として使用することができる。
【0034】
しかし、服用量は、用いられる脂肪酸の活性、患者の年齢、体重、通常の健康状態、投与時間、投与方法及び薬剤の組合せを含む様々な因子により変化すると解される。
【0035】
【実施例】
実施例1.モロヘイヤ成分の抽出及び単離
モロヘイヤ(ベトナム産)の葉 6.5kgをメタノール(12リットル)で3時間熱抽出を3回繰り返した後、減圧下条件でメタノールを留去し、メタノール抽出エキス(700.0g)を得た。
【0036】
得られたメタノール抽出エキス(700.0g)を1:1の酢酸エチル−水で分配し、酢酸エチル移行部エキス(227.7g、 3.9%(固形物重量、以下同じ))および水移行部エキス(462.3g、 8.0%)を得た。
酢酸エチル移行部エキス227.7gを順相シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー〔3.0kg、CHCl3:MeOH (50:1→20:1→10:1→5:1→1:1)→MeOH〕で分画して、10個のフラクション〔フラクション1 (16.2g)、フラクション2 (11.3g)、フラクション3 (110.9g)、フラクション4(7.2g)、フラクション5(3.8g)、フラクション6 (11.2g)、フラクション7 (10.6g)、フラクション8 (10.8g)、フラクション9 (75.6g)、フラクション10(2.2g)〕に分画した。
【0037】
フラクション3 (110.9g)を順相シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー〔2.0kg 、CHCl3:MeOH (100:1→10:1)→MeOH〕で分画して、フラクション 3−1(1.8g)、フラクション 3−2 (41.0g)、フラクション 3−3(8.4g)、フラクション 3−4(26.7g) 、フラクション 3−5 (11.9g)、フラクション 3−6(7.1g)、フラクション 3−7(2.2g)、フラクション 3−8 (11.1g)、フラクション 3−9(1.1g)を得た。
【0038】
さらに、フラクション 3−8 (11.1g)は逆相シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー〔167.0g、MeOH:H2O (60:40→80:20)→MeOH→CHCl3〕で分画して、フラクション 3−8−1(1.4g)、フラクション 3−8−2 (641.1mg)、フラクション 3−8−3(1.1g)、フラクション 3−8−4(712.8mg) 、フラクション 3−8−5(385.5mg) 、フラクション 3−8−6 (281.9mg)、フラクション 3−8−7(9.3g)とした。
【0039】
次に、フラクション 3−8−2(289.1mg) を逆相 HPLC (カラム:YMC−pack R&D−ODS−5−A, 250mm×内径20、溶媒:60%メタノール、流速: 9.0ml/分)で分離精製し、アゼライン酸(7、17.8mg) 、トランス−3−ドデセンジ酸(8、35.8mg)およびコーコリ脂肪酸E(5、15.3mg)を単離した。
フラクション 3−8−3(1.1g)は順相シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー〔53.0g 、CHCl3:MeOH (30:1→5:1)→MeOH〕で分画して、フラクション 3−8−3−1(588.1mg) 、フラクション 3−8−3−2(52.4mg)、フラクション 3−8−3−3 (276.5mg )、フラクション 3−8−3−4(33.2mg)とし、フラクション 3−8−3−1(222.3mg) を逆相 HPLC (カラム:YMC−pack R&D−ODS−5−A, 250mm×内径20、溶媒:60%メタノール、流速: 9.0ml/分)で分離精製し、コーコリ脂肪酸A(1、17.2mg) 、B(2、40.4mg) 、C(3、11.3mg)およびD(4、10.0mg)を単離した。
【0040】
また、フラクション8 (10.8g)も逆相シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー〔320g、MeOH:H2O (50:50→80:20→90:10)→MeOH→CHCl3〕で同様に分画して、フラクション 8−1(969.3mg) 、フラクション 8−2(1.2g)、フラクション 8−3 (961.1mg)、フラクション 8−4 (654.3mg)、フラクション 8−5(1.2g)、フラクション 8−6 (894.9mg)、フラクション 8−7 (262.4mg)、フラクション 8−8(3.7g)、フラクション 8−9(1.5g)を得た。フラクション 8−2(1.2g)は順相シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー〔53.5g、CHCl3:MeOH (10:1→5:1)→MeOH〕で分画して、フラクション 8−2−1 (450.3mg)、フラクション 8−2−2 (510.8mg)、フラクション 8−2−3(71.9mg)とした。
【0041】
次に、フラクション 8−2−2(411.8mg) をゲル濾過クロマトグラフィー〔21.0g、MeOH〕で分画し、フラクション 8−2−2−1(147.1mg) を得るとともに、フラボノール配糖体イソケルシトリン(9、 252.2mg)を単離した。
フラクション 8−2−2−1 (147.0mg)は逆相 HPLC (カラム:YMC−pack R&D−ODS−5−A、250mm ×内径20、溶媒:60%メタノール、流速: 9.0ml/分)で分離精製し、ヨノン配糖体 コルコイオノシドA (10、 9.0mg)を単離した。 また、フラクション 8−3 (222.7mg)を逆相 HPLC (カラム:YMC−pack R&D−ODS−5−A、250mm×内径20、溶媒:60%メタノール、流速: 9.0ml/分)で分離精製し、フラボノール配糖体アストラガリン (11、 9.8mg)を単離した。
【0042】
さらに、フラクション6から、同様にしてコーコリ脂肪酸F(6) を単離した。
【0043】
【化13】
【0044】
【0045】
【化14】
【0046】
【0047】
【化15】
【0048】
実施例2.モロヘイヤ抽出物コーコリ脂肪酸A〜Fの構造解明
(a)コーコリ脂肪酸A(1)
白色粉末、
〔α〕D 26+13.0°(c=0.4, acetone)
UVλmax MeOHnm (log ε):310(4.6)、
IR (KBr, cm −1):3431, 2926, 2853, 1736, 1655, 1605, 1001、
1H−NMR (CDCl3, 500MHz,δ):1.12 (3H, t, J=7.3Hz, 18−H3), 1.26−1.39 (8H, m, 4,5,6,7−H2), 1.56 (2H, dt−like, 8−H2), 1.63 (2H, tt−like, 3−H2), 2.34 (2H, t, J=7.3Hz, 2−H2), 2.58 (2H, q, J=7.3Hz, 17−H2), 4.21 (1H, dt, J=6.1, 6.1Hz, 9−H), 5.92 (1H, dd, J=6.1, 15.0Hz, 10−H), 6.18 (1H, d, J=15.5Hz, 15−H), 6.31(1H, dd, J=11.0, 15.0Hz, 13−H), 6.33 (1H, dd, J=11.0, 15.0Hz, 11−H), 6.59 (1H, dd, J=11.0, 15.0Hz, 12−H), 7.19(1H, dd, J=11.0, 15.5Hz, 14−H)、
13C−NMR (CDCl3, 125MHz, δc):表1に記載
EI−MS (m/z) : 308(M+), 290(M+−H2O), 261, 233(M +−H2O−C3H5O), 171, 165, 137 (100)
【0049】
コーコリ脂肪酸Aは、EI−MS において分子イオンピークがm/z 308 (M+)にフラグメントイオンピークがm/z 290 (M+−H2O)、233 (M+−H2O−C3H5O)に認められ、高分解能 EI−MS測定により分子式 C18H28O4 を有する化合物であることが明らかとなった。また IR スペクトルにおいて、水酸基(3431 cm−1)、カルボニル基(1736 cm−1)、共役二重結合(1655, 1605 cm−1)に由来する吸収が認められ、更に、UVスペクトルにおいて、310 nm (log ε 4.6)に極大吸収が認められたことから、トリエノン構造を有することが示唆された。
【0050】
1H−NMR及び13C−NMR(表1に記載)スペクトルデータの解析により、末端メチル基〔δ1.12 (3H, t, J=7.3Hz),δc8.3〕、水酸基〔δ4.21 (1H, dt, J=6.1, 6.1Hz),δc72.3〕、トランス型オレフィン〔δ5.92 (1H, dd, J=6.1, 15.0Hz), δc141.0 ; δ6.33 (1H, dd, J=11.0, 15.0Hz),δc129.4 ; δ6.59 (1H, dd, J=11.0, 15.0Hz),δc140.5 ; δ6.31 (1H, dd, J=11.0, 15.0Hz),δc130.6 ; δ7.19 (1H, dd, J=11.0, 15.5Hz),δc141.9 : δ6.18 (1H, d, J=15.5Hz), δc129.2〕、カルボニル基〔δc201.1〕、カルボン酸〔δc178.6〕、8個のメチレン基〔δc24.6, 25.2, 28.9, 29.1, 29.3, 33.8, 33.9, 37.2〕の存在が明らかになった。
【0051】
さらに、1H−1H COSYスペクトルより下式の太線部分で示す部分構造が判明し、 HMBC スペクトルにおいて下式に示すプロトンとカーボン間に相関が認められたことから9位水酸基および16位カルボニル基の位置が確認された。13C−1H COSY スペクトルデータの考察と考え合わせ、各シグナルが完全に帰属され、平面構造が決定された。
【0052】
また、カルボン酸の数を確認するために、N−メチル−N−ニトロソ−p−トルエン−スルホンアミドから調製した CH2N2エーテル溶液(約1.0ml)をコーコリ脂肪酸A (3.0mg)のメタノール(0.5ml)溶液に加えて室温で10分間撹拌後、反応液を減圧下溶媒留去し、得られた粗生成物を順相シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー〔1.0g, n−hexane : aceton (20:1)〕で精製しモノメチルエステル体1a(3.1mg)を得た。その物理データの解析からもその構造が確認された(下式)。
【0053】
【化16】
【0054】
1a:白色粉末、
UV λmax MeOHnm (log ε):310(4.6)、
IR (KBr, cm−1):3453, 2932, 2855, 1734, 1718, 1601, 1581, 1030、
1H−NMR (CDCl3, 500MHz, δ):1.12 (3H, t, J=7.3Hz, 18−H3), 1.28−1 .33 (8H, m, 4,5,6,7−H2), 1.56 (2H, dt−like, 8−H2), 1.61 (2H, tt−like, 3−H2), 2.30 (2H, t, J=7.6Hz, 2−H2), 2.59 (2H, q, J=7.3Hz, 17−H2), 3.66 (3H, s, OMe), 4.21 (1H, dt−like, 9−H), 5.93(1H, dd, J=6.3, 15.1Hz, 10−H), 6.19 (1H, d, J=15.4Hz, 15−H), 6.32 (1H, dd, J=11.1, 14.8Hz, 13−H), 6.34 (1H, dd, J=10.8, 15.1Hz, 11−H), 6.59 (1H, dd, J=10.8, 14.8Hz, 12−H), 7.19 (1H, dd, J=11.1, 15.4Hz, 14−H)、
13C−NMR (CDCl3, 125MHz, δc):表1に記載
EI−MS (m/z) : 322(M+), 304(M+−H2O), 233, 137 (100), 185, 165
【0055】
【表1】
【0056】
(b)コーコリ脂肪酸B(2)
白色粉末、
〔α〕D 28+17.3°(c=0.2, acetone)、
UV λmax MeOHnm (log ε):309(4.3)、
IR (KBr, cm−1):3430, 2932, 2857, 1719, 1655, 1605, 1007 、
1H−NMR (CDCl3, 500MHz, δ):0.94 (3H, t, J=7.3Hz, 18−H3), 1.24−1.36 (6H, m, 4,5,6−H2), 1.52−1.64 (6H, m, 3,7,17−H2), 2.31 (2H, t−like, 2−H2), 2.52 (2H, t, J=7.2Hz, 8−H2), 4.15 (1H, dt, J=6.1,6.7Hz, 16−H), 5.93 (1H, dd, J=6.1, 15.1Hz, 15−H), 6.17(1H, d, J=15.5Hz, 10−H), 6.31 (1H, dd, J=11.1, 15.4Hz,12−H), 6.32 (1H, dd, J=10.8, 15.1Hz, 14−H), 6.60 (1H, dd, J=10.8, 15.4Hz, 13−H), 7.18 (1H, dd, J=11.1, 15.5Hz,11−H)、
13C−NMR (CDCl3, 125MHz, δc) :表1に記載
EI−MS (m/z) : 308(M+), 290(M+−H2O), 233 (100), 223, 171, 165, 137, 79
【0057】
コーコリ脂肪酸Bは、EI−MS において分子イオンピークがm/z 308 (M+)に認められ、その高分解能 EI−MS測定により分子式 C18H28O4 を有する化合物であることが明らかとなった。また IR スペクトルにおいて、水酸基(3430 cm−1)、カルボニル基(1719, 1710 cm−1)、共役二重結合(1655, 1605 cm−1)に由来する吸収が認められ、更に、UVスペクトルにおいて、309 nm (log ε 4.3)に極大吸収が認められたことから、トリエノン構造を有することが示唆された。
【0058】
1H−NMR及び 13C−NMR(表1に記載)スペクトルデータの解析により、末端メチル基〔δ0.94 (3H, t, J=7.3Hz),δc8.3〕、水酸基〔δ4.15 (1H, dt, J=6.1, 6.7Hz),δc73.5〕、トランス型オレフィン〔δ5.93 (1H, dd, J=6.1, 15.1Hz), δc140.9 ; δ6.32 (1H, dd, J=10.8, 15.1Hz),δc129.4 ; δ6.60 (1H, dd, J=10.8, 15.4Hz),δc140.7 ; δ6.31 (1H, dd, J=11.1, 15.4Hz),δc130.5 ; δ7.18 (1H, dd, J=11.1, 15.5Hz),δc142.3 : δ6.17 (1H, d, J=15.5Hz), δc129.3〕、カルボニル基〔δc200.3〕、カルボン酸〔δc178.7〕、8個のメチレン基〔δc24.3, 24.8, 28.8, 28.9, 29.2, 30.1, 33.9, 40.7〕の存在が明らかになった。
【0059】
更に、1H−1H COSYスペクトルの解析より下式の太線部分で示す部分構造が判明し、 HMBC スペクトルにおいて下式に示すプロトンとカーボン間に相関が認められたことから16位水酸基および9位カルボニル基の位置が確認された。更に13C−1H COSY スペクトルデータの考察と合わせ、各シグナルが完全に帰属され、平面構造が決定された。
【0060】
また、コーコリ脂肪酸Aと同様に、CH2N2によりコーコリ脂肪酸B(3.0mg、0.0097mmol) からモノメチルエステル体2a(3.1mg)を得(下式)、2aは種々の物理データの解析の結果、海洋植物アクロシフォニア コアリタ(Acrosiphonia coalita)から単離されているメチル(16S)−ヒドロキシ−9−オキソ−(10E, 12E, 14E)−オクタデカトリエネートと同定した。以上の結果からコーコリ脂肪酸Bの構造を決定した。
【0061】
【化17】
【0062】
2a:白色粉末
UVλmax MeOHnm (log ε):310(4.6)、
IR (KBr, cm −1):3453, 2930, 2857, 1743, 1650, 1598, 1125、
1H−NMR (CDCl3, 500MHz,δ): 0.95 (3H, t, J=7.3Hz, 18−H3), 1.26−1.38 (6H, m, 4,5,6−H2), 1.50−1.63 (6H, m, 3,7,17−H2), 2.30 (2H, t, J=7.5Hz, 2−H2), 2.54 (2H, t, J=7.5Hz, 8−H), 3.66 (3H, s, OMe), 4.16 (1H, dt, J=6.4, 6.4Hz, 16−H), 5.93 (1H, dd, J=6.4, 15.4Hz, 15−H), 6.17 (1H, d, J=15.4Hz, 10−H), 6.31 (1H, dd, J=11.1, 15.4Hz, 12−H), 6.34 (1H, dd, J=10.9, 15.4Hz, 14−H), 6.60 (1H, dd, J=10.9, 15.4Hz, 13−H), 7.18 (1H, dd, J=11.1, 15.4Hz, 11−H) 、
13C−NMR (CDCl3, 125MHz, δc):表1に記載、
EI−MS (m/z) : 322(M +), 304(M+−H2O)
【0063】
(c)コーコリ脂肪酸C(3)
白色粉末、
〔α〕D 23+33.1°(c=0.2, acetone)、
UV λmax MeOHnm (log ε):311(4.4)、
IR (KBr, cm−1):3432, 2930, 2855, 1717, 1653, 1597, 1009、
1H−NMR (CDCl3, 500MHz, δ): 1.13 (3H, t, J=7.3Hz, 18−H3), 1.25−1.38 (8H, m, 4,5,6,7−H2), 1.55 (2H, dt, J=6.4, 7.0Hz, 8−H2), 1.61 (2H, tt, J=7.0, 7.3Hz, 3−H2), 2.35 (2H, t, J=7.3Hz, 2−H2), 2.60 (2H, q, J=7.3Hz, 17−H2), 4.26 (1H, dt, J=6.3, 6.4Hz, 9−H), 5.92 (1H, dd, J=6.3, 14.9Hz, 10−H), 6.10 (1H, dd, J=11.3, 11.6Hz, 13−H), 6.21 (1H, d, J=15.0Hz, 15−H), 6.36 (1H, dd, J=11.3, 11.3Hz, 12−H), 6.83 (1H, dd, J=11.3, 14.9Hz, 11−H), 7.66 (1H, dd, J=11.6, 15.0Hz, 14−H) 、
13C−NMR (CDCl3, 125MHz, δc):表1に記載
EI−MS (m/z) : 308(M +), 290(M+−H2O), 261, 233(M+−H2O−C3H5O), 171, 137 (100)
【0064】
コーコリ脂肪酸Cは、EI−MS において分子イオンピークがm/z 308 (M+)にフラグメントイオンピークがm/z 290 (M+−H2O)に認められ、高分解能 EI−MS 測定により分子式 C18H28O4 を有する化合物であることが明らかとなった。また IR スペクトルにおいて、水酸基(3432 cm−1)、カルボニル基(1717 cm−1)、共役二重結合(1653, 1597 cm−1)に由来する吸収が認められた。さらに、UVスペクトルにおいて、311 nm (log ε 4.4)に極大吸収が認められたことから、トリエノン構造を有することが示唆された。
【0065】
コーコリ脂肪酸Cの NMRデータをAと比較すると、11位から14位を除いて殆ど類似しており、また、コーコリ脂肪酸Cの 1H−NMR のデータにおいてシスオレフィン〔δ6.36 (1H, dd, J=11.3, 11.3Hz, 12−H),δ6.10(1H, dd, J=11.3, 11.6Hz, 13−H)〕が確認されたことから、コーコリ脂肪酸CはAの12位、13位がシス型の構造であることが明らかとなった。
【0066】
また、CH2N2エーテル溶液を用いてコーコリ脂肪酸C(3.0mg、0.0097mmol) からモノメチルエステル体3a(3.1mg)が得られその物理データの比較考察からその構造を確認した(下式)。以上の結果を考え合わせることによりコーコリ脂肪酸Cの構造を決定した。
【0067】
【化18】
【0068】
3a:白色粉末、
UV λmax MeOHnm (log ε):310(4.4)、
IR (KBr, cm−1):3453, 2930, 2855, 1743, 1655, 1598, 1010、
1H−NMR (CDCl3, 500MHz, δ):1.13 (3H, t, J=7.3Hz, 18−H3), 1.25−1.36 (8H, m, 4,5,6,7−H2), 1.55 (2H, dt−like, 8−H2), 1.61 (2H, tt−like, 3−H2), 2.31 (2H, t, J=7.6Hz, 2−H2), 2.61 (2H, q, J=7.3Hz, 17−H), 3.67 (3H, s, OMe), 4.25 (1H, dt, J=6.4, 6.4Hz, 9−H), 5.92(1H, dd, J=6.4, 15.3Hz, 10−H), 6.12 (1H, dd, J=11.0, 11.9Hz, 13−H), 6.20 (1H, d, J=15.4Hz, 15−H), 6.35 (1H, dd, J=11.0, 11.9Hz, 12−H), 6.82 (1H, dd, J=11.9, 15.3Hz, 11−H), 7.65 (1H, dd, J=11.9, 15.4Hz, 14−H) 、
13C−NMR (CDCl3, 125MHz, δc):表1に記載、
EI−MS (m/z) : 322(M+), 304(M+−H2O), 261, 233, 185, 165, 137(100)
【0069】
(d)コーコリ脂肪酸D(4)
白色粉末、
〔α〕D 26+19.7°(c=0.4, acetone)
UV λmax MeOHnm (log ε):311(4.3)、
IR (KBr, cm−1):3431, 2932, 2857, 1726, 1655, 1597, 1115、
1H−NMR (CDCl3, 500MHz, δ):0.96 (3H, t, J=7.5Hz, 18−H3), 1.28−1.39 (6H, m, 4,5,6−H2), 1.57−1.66 (6H, m, 3,7,17−H2), 2.34 (2H, t−like, 2−H2), 2.57 (2H, t, J=7.1Hz, 8−H2), 4.22 (1H, dt, J=5,8,6.1Hz, 16−H), 5.93 (1H, dd, J=6.1, 15.3Hz, 15−H), 6.10 (1H, dd, J=11.0, 11.3Hz, 12−H), 6.19 (1H, d, J=15.3Hz), 10−H), 6.36 (1H, dd, J=11.3, 11.3HZ, 13−H), 6.85 (1H, dd, J=11.3, 15.3Hz, 14−H), 7.64 (1H, dd, J=11.3, 15.3Hz, 11−H)、
13C−NMR (CDCl3, 125MHz, δc) :表1に記載、
EI−MS (m/z) : 308 (M)+, 290 (M+−H2O), 261, 233(M+−H2O−C3H5O), 223, 171, 137, 41 (100)
【0070】
コーコリ脂肪酸Dは、EI−MS において分子イオンピークがm/z 308 (M+)のほかにフラグメントイオンピークがm/z 290 (M+−H2O)に認められ、その高分解能 EI−MS測定により分子式 C18H28O4 を有することが明らかとなった。また IR スペクトルにおいて、水酸基(3431 cm−1)、カルボニル基(1726 cm−1)、共役二重結合(1655, 1597 cm−1)に由来する吸収が認められた。さらに、UVスペクトルにおいて、311 nm (log ε 4.3)に極大吸収が認められたことから、トリエノン構造を有することが示唆された。
【0071】
コーコリ脂肪酸Dの NMRデータをCと比較すると、水酸基とカルボニル基の位置が異なっていることが示唆され、また、コーコリ脂肪酸DとBを比較すると11位から14位のシグナルを除いて非常に類似していた。
また、各種二次元 NMRの解析の結果 1H−1H COSY スペクトルにおいて下式の太線部分で示すトランス−シス−トランス型トリエノン部分を含む部分構造が判明した。HMBCスペクトルにおいて下式に示すプロトンとカーボン間に相関が認められたことから、コーコリ脂肪酸DはBの12位、13位シス体であることが明らかとなり、コーコリ脂肪酸Dの化学構造を下式に示すように決定した。
【0072】
【化19】
【0073】
(e)コーコリ脂肪酸E(5)
無色油状物、
〔α〕D 24+14.2°(c=0.7, CHCl3)
IR (film, cm−1):3410, 2930, 2856, 1709, 991 、
1H−NMR (CDCl3, 270MHz, δ):1.20−1.42 (8H, m, 4,5,6,7−H2), 1.51 (2H, m, 8−H2), 1.62 (2H, m, 3−H2), 2.33 (2H, t, J=7.3Hz, 2−H2), 4.10 (1H, dt, J=6.3, 6.3Hz, 9−H), 5.10 (1H, d, J=10.6Hz), 5.21 (1H, d, J=17.5Hz), (11−H2), 5.86 (1H, ddd, J=10.6, 17.5Hz, 10−H)、
13C−NMR (CDCl3, 68MHz, δc) :表1に記載、
Pos. FAB−MS (m/z) : 201 (M+H)+
【0074】
コーコリ脂肪酸Eは、 FAB−MS において分子イオンピークがm/z 201 (M+H)+に認められ、その高分解能 FAB−MS 測定により分子式 C11H21O3 を有することが明らかとなった。また IR スペクトルにおいて、水酸基(3410 cm−1)、カルボニル基(1709 cm−1)に由来する吸収が認められた。
【0075】
1H−NMRおよび 13C−NMR(表1に記載)スペクトルデータの解析により、末端オレフィン〔δ5.10 (1H, d, J=10.6Hz), 5.21 (1H, d, J=17.5Hz), δc114.7 ; δ5.86 (1H, ddd, J=6.3, 10.6, 17.5Hz),δc141.2〕、水酸基〔δ4.10 (1H, dt, J=6.3, 6.3Hz),δc73.3〕、カルボン酸〔δc179.4〕、7個のメチレン基〔δc24.7, 25.2, 28.9, 29.1, 29.3, 34.1, 37.0〕の存在が明らかになった。さらに、 1H−1H COSY スペクトルより下式の太線部分で示す部分構造が判明した。
【0076】
また CH2N2エーテル溶液を用いてコーコリ脂肪酸E(3.0mg、0.015mmol)からモノメチルエステル体5a(3.0mg)が得られその物理データの比較考察からその構造を確認した(下式)。以上の結果を考え合わせることによりコーコリ脂肪酸E(5)の構造を決定した。
【0077】
【化20】
【0078】
5a:無色油状物、
IR (film, cm−1):3410, 2930, 2856, 1709、
1H−NMR (CDCl3, 270MHz, δ):1.20−1.40 (10H, m, 3,4,5,6,7−H2), 1.51 (2H, m, 8−H2), 1.62 (2H, m, 3−H2), 2.30 (2H, t, J=7.4Hz, 2−H2), 3.66(3H, s, OMe), 4.09 (1H, dt, J=6.3, 6.3Hz, 9−H), 5.10 (1H, dd, J=1.3, 10.6Hz), 5.21 (1H, dd, J=1.3, 17.2Hz)(11−H2), 5.87 (1H, ddd, J=6.3, 10.6, 17.2Hz, 10−H) 、
13C−NMR (CDCl3, 68MHz,δc):表1に記載、
Pos. FAB−MS (m/z):237(M+Na)+, 215 (M+H)+
【0079】
(f)コーコリ脂肪酸F(6)
白色粉末、
〔α〕D 24−10.5°(c=0.7, MeOH) 、
IR (KBr, cm−1):3368, 2926, 2849, 1705, 1072 、
1H−NMR (CD3OD, 500MHz,δ):0.96 (3H, t, J=7.6Hz, 18−H3), 1.24−1.42 (8H, m, 4,5,6,7−H2), 1.54 (2H, m, 8−H2), 1.61 (2H, m, 3−H2), 2.06 (2H, dq−like, J=7.6Hz, 17−H2), 2.13, 2.34 (1H each, both m, 14−H2), 2.27 (2H, t, J=7.6Hz, 2−H2), 3.45 (1H, ddd, J=4.3, 5.5, 8.3Hz, 13−H), 3.95 (1H, dd, J=5.2, 5.5Hz, 12−H), 4.05 (1H, dt−like, 9−H), 5.45 (2H, m, 15, 16−H), 5.71 (2H, m, 10, 11−H)、
13C−NMR (CD3OD, 125MHz, δc):表1に記載
Pos. FAB−MS (m/z) : 351 (M +Na)+, 329 (M+H)+、
Neg. FAB−MS (m/z) : 327 (M−H)−
【0080】
コーコリ脂肪酸Fは、 FAB−MS において擬似分子イオンピークがm/z 351 (M+Na)+, 329 (M+H)+に認められ、その高分解能 FAB−MS 測定により分子式 C18H32O5 を有する化合物であることが明らかとなった。また IR スペクトルにおいて、水酸基(3368 cm−1)、カルボニル基(1705 cm−1)に由来する吸収が認められた。
【0081】
1H−NMR 及び 13C−NMR (表1に記載)スペクトルデータの解析により、末端メチル基〔δ0.96 (3H, t, J=7.6Hz),δc14.6〕、水酸基〔δ4.05 (1H, dt−like),δc73.3〕、カルボン酸〔δc179.4〕、7個のメチレン基〔δc25.2, 24.7, 25.2, 29.1, 29.3, 34.1, 37.0〕の存在が明らかになった。さらに、 1H−1H COSY スペクトルより下式の太線部分で示す部分構造が判明し、 HMBC スペクトルにおいて下式に示すプロトンとカーボン間に相関が認められたことから水酸基及びカルボニル基の位置などが明らかとなり、コーコリ脂肪酸Fの平面構造を決定した。
【0082】
更に CH2N2エーテル溶液を用いて既知化合物であるモノメチルエステル6a(3.1mg)を誘導することにより、立体配置を含めた構造を決定した(下式)。
【0083】
【化21】
【0084】
実施例3.モロヘイヤ脂肪酸のNO産生抑制活性
LPS誘発マウス腹腔内マクロファージ活性化に対する、モロヘイヤの葉から得られた既知および新規脂肪酸のNO産生抑制活性について検討した。
その結果、コーコリ脂肪酸B(2)、C(3)は濃度依存的な抑制作用を示し、コーコリ脂肪酸Bは低濃度においても抑制作用が認められ、100μMの濃度においてはコーコリ脂肪酸A(1)、B、Cのいずれにも同等の抑制作用が認められた。また、100μMの濃度においてアゼライン酸(7)にも抑制活性が認められたが、その抑制作用はコーコリ脂肪酸A、B、Cに比べて弱いものであった。
【0085】
【表2】
【0086】
更に、細胞毒性についても検討したが、いずれの濃度においても毒性は認められなかった。活性が認められた脂肪酸についてその構造を比較すると次のようなことが明らかとなった。
1)9位にケトン構造を有するものは9位に水酸基を有するものより強い活性が認められた。
【0087】
2)トリエノン構造を有するものにより強い活性が認められた。
3)12位、13位間のオレフィンはシス配置の方がトランス配置よりも強い活性が認められた。
以上の結果を総合すると、今回活性試験を行うことができなかったコーコリ脂肪D(4)は、コーコリ脂肪酸A、B、Cに比べてより強い活性が認められると推察された。
【0088】
(試験方法)
ddy系雄性マウスを頚部脱臼致死下、腹腔内を約6〜7mlの冷 PBSにて洗浄し、腹腔内滲出細胞を回収した。得られた細胞を10% FCS含有 RPMI1640 培地に懸濁した。細胞を平底96穴マイクロプレートに播種した(1ウェルに 5 x 105細胞/100μl )。
【0089】
5%CO2 存在下、1時間37℃にてインキュベートした後、ウェル内を PBSにて洗浄し非付着性の細胞を取り除いた。その後、培地をLPS(サルモネラ エンテリティディス(Salmonella enteritidis)由来、シグマ社製)及び被験薬物を含む RPMI1640 培地(10% FCS含有)に交換し、5%CO2 存在下、20時間37℃にてインキュベートした。培養上清 100μl をとり、グリエス(Griess)試薬を用いて培養上清中のNOを測定した。尚、標準溶液には NaNO2溶液を用いた。
【0090】
数値は平均値±標準誤差で表し、対照群と被験薬物投与群の平均値の差の検定には、ダネット (Dunnett)の方法を用いた。
被験薬物の細胞毒性の検出には、MTT〔3−(4,5−ジメチルチアゾール−2−イル)−2,5−ジフェニル−テトラゾリウムブロミド〕アッセイを用いた。即ち、培養上清 100μl を取り除いた後に各ウェルに10μl のMTT(PBS中5mg/ml)溶液を添加し、5%CO2 存在下で4時間37℃にてインキュベートした。培地を取り除いた後、イソプロパノール (0.04N HCl 含有) 100μl を添加し生成したホルマザンを溶解した。マイクロプレートリーダーにて吸光度を測定した(測定波長 570nm、参照波長655nm)。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fatty acid or a salt thereof, a fatty acid extract, an isolation method and use thereof, and more particularly, to a novel fatty acid or a salt thereof named Cocolic fatty acid AF, a fatty acid extract, and an isolation method thereof. And a pharmaceutical composition containing the fatty acid as an active ingredient.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Moloheiya (Corchorus olitorius L.) is an annual plant of the linden family, mainly grown in the eastern Mediterranean region such as northeastern Africa and the Middle East, and growing to 2 m in only half a year.
In Moroniya medicine and Ayurvedic medicine, Moroheiya is considered a tonic, especially in fresh leaves and stems, minerals such as potassium calcium, beta carotene and vitamins are very rich in content compared to other vegetables, At the same time, since it contains a large amount of viscous polysaccharide having a neutral fat lowering action and a blood sugar lowering action, its use as a functional vegetable or health food has increased in recent years.
[0003]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventor has conducted research on various active ingredients contained in Moroheiya, and as a result, has found that Moroheiya contains fatty acids and glycosides, and further discovered that Moroheiya contains novel fatty acids. In addition, by conducting various studies on these fatty acids, it has been surprisingly found that these fatty acids contained in Moroheiya have an activity of inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production, thereby completing the present invention. .
[0004]
That is, according to the present invention, the formula (I)
[0005]
Embedded image
[0006]
[Wherein, R1Is OH and RThreeIs HR Two Is-(CH = CH) Three -COCH Two CH Three Then one of the following equations:
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Or
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Or a salt thereof is provided.
[0007]
Further, there is provided a fatty acid extract comprising at least one of the above-mentioned fatty acids or salts thereof, which is soluble in lower aliphatic alcohols and can be extracted and isolated from Moroheiya.
Further, Moroheiya is subjected to an extraction treatment with a lower aliphatic alcohol, and the extraction solution is subjected to a partition treatment with ethyl acetate-water without concentrating the extract. The present invention also provides an isolation method comprising isolating the above-mentioned fatty acid or a salt thereof from the fatty acid extract.
[0008]
Also provided is a pharmaceutical composition comprising, as an active ingredient, at least one of the above-mentioned fatty acids or salts thereof, or a fatty acid extract, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
[0009]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
In the present invention, the components extracted from Moroheiya are a novel fatty acid as shown in the above formula (I), and other known compounds such as azelaic acid and trans-3-dodesendiic acid (trans). -3-dodecenedioic acid, isoquercitrin, astragalin, corchoionoside A and the like. The inventor has named these six novel fatty acids as cocolic fatty acids AF, respectively. The cocolic fatty acids A to F specifically have the following structural formula.
[0010]
Embedded image
[0011]
[0012]
Embedded image
[0013]
[0014]
Embedded image
[0015]
[0016]
Embedded image
[0017]
[0018]
Embedded image
[0019]
[0020]
Embedded image
[0021]
As is clear from the above formula, the cocolic fatty acids C and D are stereoisomers having a cis-type structure at positions 12 and 13 of A and B, respectively.
In the present invention, the fatty acid represented by the above formula includes a solvate or hydrate that can be formed with a solvent used when separating and purifying the fatty acid. These fatty acids may also be pharmaceutically acceptable salts formed with bases, such as alkali metals such as sodium and potassium, alkaline earth metals such as calcium and magnesium, and water salts thereof. Examples thereof include inorganic bases such as oxides and ammonia, and organic bases such as pyridine, quinoline, piperidine, collidine, triethylamine, triethanolamine, imidazole, and morpholine.
[0022]
The fatty acid of the present invention comprises extracting Moroheiya with a lower aliphatic alcohol, partitioning the extract with ethyl acetate-water without concentrating the extract, and obtaining an ethyl acetate layer.
It is considered that there are slight differences in the types and amounts of the components of Moroheiya as a raw material depending on the type or the production place. Further, it may contain stems and the like, but it is preferable to mainly use leaves. The leaves may be used as they are or after drying.
[0023]
Moroheiya is extracted with a lower aliphatic alcohol. As the lower aliphatic alcohol, for example, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and the like can be used. Preferably, it is methanol. This extraction treatment may be performed at normal temperature, but is preferably performed by heating the lower aliphatic alcohol to be used to the extent that it is boiled. This extraction treatment is preferably repeated several times, and the amount of the lower aliphatic alcohol used at one time is preferably about 2 to 6 times (weight) of Moroheiya.
[0024]
The extract is then optionally concentrated. The concentration at this time is preferably performed under reduced pressure. In addition, the obtained concentrate may be filtered off using the same lower aliphatic alcohol used previously, and the filtrate may be further concentrated.
The obtained extract (concentrate) is partitioned with ethyl acetate-water. This partitioning treatment can be performed by either (1) shaking the extract (concentrate) with a mixture of water and ethyl acetate, or (2) suspending the extract (concentrate) in water and shaking with ethyl acetate. The method may be performed. The target component is mainly transferred to the ethyl acetate layer by such treatment. Note that this distribution process is preferably performed at room temperature. In (1), the ratio of water to ethyl acetate in the mixture is preferably about 1: 0.5 to 1: 5 (weight ratio), more preferably about 1: 1. In (2), the extract (concentrate) is suspended in approximately the same amount of water, and about 2 to 5 times (weight) of ethyl acetate is added thereto and shaken. This process is repeated about 2 to 3 times. Thereby, the target component is transferred to the ethyl acetate layer.
[0025]
The ethyl acetate layer thus obtained is concentrated, preferably under reduced pressure. This concentration may be performed until the solution is dried.
The obtained concentrate is preferably subjected to a purification treatment. Examples of the purification method include normal phase silica gel chromatography, reverse phase silica gel chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), centrifugal liquid chromatography, column chromatography, thin layer chromatography, and the like, or a combination thereof. There is a method to use. Purification conditions such as the carrier and the elution solvent at this time can be appropriately adjusted depending on the solvent and the like to be used. It may be used in combination with another purification treatment described below.
[0026]
Further, as another purification treatment method, the obtained concentrate is dissolved in about 30% or less of water containing lower aliphatic alcohol, and this solution is contacted with an adsorbent resin to be adsorbed, and then the lower aliphatic alcohol is adsorbed. Elute with alcohol or water containing about 30% or more lower aliphatic alcohol. The lower aliphatic alcohol used at this time is as described above, and among them, methanol is preferable. The adsorptive resin is not particularly limited as long as it is generally used for purification treatment in the field, and examples thereof include a porous crosslinked polystyrene resin having a giant network structure.
[0027]
What is used at the time of elution includes about 30% or more, preferably 35 to 99%, of water containing a lower aliphatic alcohol. As the lower aliphatic alcohol, those similar to the above can be used, and among them, methanol is preferable.
The fatty acid thus obtained can be used as it is as an active ingredient of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. In other words, when the NO production inhibiting action of fatty acids contained in Moroheiya was examined, a strong inhibitory action was found on the fatty acid represented by the above formula (I).
[0028]
NO plays an important role in the circulatory, immune, and nervous systems and is produced in vivo by three types of synthases (NOS). Of these, NOS-2 synthesized by various cytokines and LPS (lipopolysaccharide) produces about 100 times the amount of NO as compared with other synthases. However, pathological effects rather than physiological effects are problematic due to the excessive amount.
[0029]
On the other hand, since the fatty acid of the present invention represented by the formula (I) has an NO production inhibitory action, a large amount of NO causes septic disease (endotoxin shock), hypotension, inflammatory tissue disorder, For the prevention and treatment of ischemic diseases, allergic diseases, autoimmune diseases such as reduced antibacterial and antitumor effects, it can be used as a pharmaceutical composition in the form of a single substance, extract or mixture. it is conceivable that.
Therefore, the fatty acid or salt thereof, or fatty acid extract of the present invention can be used as a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
[0030]
The fatty acid of the present invention can form a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salt by a conventional method using the above-mentioned base. In addition, the fatty acid extract can be appropriately obtained with a lower aliphatic alcohol as shown in detail in the following examples.
[0031]
The composition may be oral or parenteral and may be manufactured by conventional or other suitable methods. Oral compositions usually include powders, tablets, emulsions, capsules, granules, sublingual tablets, liquids (tinctures, liquid extracts, sublingual aerosols, alcoholic beverages, suspensions, limonades, syrups, etc. ) And the like. Parenteral compositions include ointments, plasters, liquids (injections, tinctures, lotions, spirits, sprays, aerosols, etc.), poultices (patches, pasta, patches, patches) Tablets, etc.), liniments, sprays, liniments, creams, emulsions and the like. In addition, these compositions may be subjected to a sustained release treatment.
[0032]
The compositions of the present invention may also contain, if desired, conventional additives such as buffers, stabilizers, diluents, sweeteners, demulcents, preservatives and flavoring and coloring agents. .
As the excipient used above, a solid or liquid excipient known in the art can be used. For example, excipients in powders and other oral powders include lactose, starch, dextrin, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, synthetic and natural aluminum silicate, magnesium oxide, dry aluminum hydroxide, magnesium stearate, sodium bicarbonate And dried yeast. In the case of an external powder, zinc oxide, talc, starch, kaolin, powdered boric acid, zinc stearate, magnesium stearate, magnesium carbonate, precipitated calcium carbonate, bismuth hypogallate, potassium aluminum sulfate, and the like can be mentioned. Excipients in the liquid preparation include water, glycerin, propylene glycol, simple syrup, ethanol, fatty oil, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, sorbitol and the like. Excipients in ointments include fats, fatty oils, lanolin, petrolatum, glycerin, beeswax, paraffin, liquid paraffin, resins, higher alcohols, glycols, surfactants and the like.
[0033]
In the case of oral preparations, the dose of these compositions is about 0.1 to 1.5 mg, preferably 0.3 to 0.8 mg of the fatty acid of formula (I) or a salt thereof, or a fatty acid extract per adult day. Efficacy can be exerted by administering the drug in several divided doses. In the case of a parenteral preparation, for example, it can be used as a preparation containing a fatty acid of the formula (I) or a salt thereof, or a fatty acid extract at a concentration of 0.01 to 10%.
[0034]
It is understood, however, that the dosage will vary depending on various factors, including the activity of the fatty acids used, the age and weight of the patient, their general health, the time of administration, the manner of administration and the combination of drugs.
[0035]
【Example】
Example 1. Extraction and isolation of moroheiya components
After 6.5 kg of leaves of Moroheiya (from Vietnam) were repeatedly subjected to heat extraction with methanol (12 L) for 3 hours three times, methanol was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a methanol extract (700.0 g).
[0036]
The obtained methanol-extracted extract (700.0 g) was partitioned with 1: 1 ethyl acetate-water, and the ethyl acetate transfer extract (227.7 g, 3.9% (solid weight, the same applies hereinafter)) and water transfer. Part extract (462.3 g, 8.0%) was obtained.
227.7 g of ethyl acetate transition extract was subjected to normal phase silica gel column chromatography [3.0 kg, CHCl 33: MeOH (50: 1 → 20: 1 → 10: 1 → 5: 1 → 1: 1) → MeOH] and fractionated into 10 fractions [fraction 1 (16.2 g), fraction 2 (11. 3 g), fraction 3 (110.9 g), fraction 4 (7.2 g), fraction 5 (3.8 g), fraction 6 (11.2 g), fraction 7 (10.6 g), fraction 8 (10.8 g) , Fraction 9 (75.6 g) and fraction 10 (2.2 g)].
[0037]
Fraction 3 (110.9 g) was subjected to normal phase silica gel column chromatography [2.0 kg, CHCl 33: MeOH (100: 1 → 10: 1) → MeOH], fraction 3-1 (1.8 g), fraction 3-2 (41.0 g), fraction 3-3 (8.4 g), Fraction 3-4 (26.7 g), fraction 3-5 (11.9 g), fraction 3-6 (7.1 g), fraction 3-7 (2.2 g), fraction 3-8 (11.1 g), Fraction 3-9 (1.1 g) was obtained.
[0038]
Further, fraction 3-8 (11.1 g) was subjected to reverse phase silica gel chromatography [167.0 g, MeOH: H2O (60: 40 → 80: 20) → MeOH → CHCl3And fraction 3-8-1 (1.4 g), fraction 3-8-2 (641.1 mg), fraction 3-8-3 (1.1 g), fraction 3-8-4 ( 712.8 mg), fraction 3-8-5 (385.5 mg), fraction 3-8-6 (281.9 mg), and fraction 3-8-7 (9.3 g).
[0039]
Next, the fraction 3-8-2 (289.1 mg) was subjected to reverse phase HPLC (column: YMC-pack R & D-ODS-5-A, 250 mm x inner diameter 20, solvent: 60% methanol, flow rate: 9.0 ml / min). ) And purified by azelaic acid (7, 17.8 mg), trans-3-dodesendiic acid (8, 35.8 mg) and cocolic fatty acid E (5, 15.3 mg).
Fraction 3-8-3 (1.1 g) was subjected to normal phase silica gel column chromatography [53.0 g, CHCl 33: MeOH (30: 1 → 5: 1) → MeOH], fraction 3-8-3-1 (588.1 mg), fraction 3-8-3-2 (52.4 mg), fraction 3 -8-3-3 (276.5 mg), fraction 3-8-3-4 (33.2 mg), and fraction 3-8-3-1 (222.3 mg) were subjected to reverse phase HPLC (column: YMC-pack). R & D-ODS-5-A, 250 mm x inner diameter 20, solvent: 60% methanol, flow rate: 9.0 ml / min)1, 17.2 mg), B (2, 40.4 mg), C (3, 11.3 mg) and D (4, 10.0 mg).
[0040]
Fraction 8 (10.8 g) was also subjected to reverse phase silica gel column chromatography [320 g, MeOH: H2O (50: 50 → 80: 20 → 90: 10) → MeOH → CHCl3And fraction 8-1 (969.3 mg), fraction 8-2 (1.2 g), fraction 8-3 (961.1 mg), fraction 8-4 (654.3 mg), fraction 8-5 (1.2 g), fraction 8-6 (894.9 mg), fraction 8-7 (262.4 mg), fraction 8-8 (3.7 g), and fraction 8-9 (1.5 g). Was. Fraction 8-2 (1.2 g) was subjected to normal phase silica gel column chromatography [53.5 g, CHCl 33: MeOH (10: 1 → 5: 1) → MeOH], fraction 8-2-1 (450.3 mg), fraction 8-2-2 (510.8 mg), fraction 8-2-3 (71.9 mg).
[0041]
Next, the fraction 8-2-2 (411.8 mg) was fractionated by gel filtration chromatography [21.0 g, MeOH] to obtain a fraction 8-2-2-1 (147.1 mg) and a flavonol distribution. The saccharide isoquercitrin (9, 252.2 mg).
Fraction 8-2-2-1 (147.0 mg) was subjected to reverse phase HPLC (column: YMC-pack R & D-ODS-5-A, 250 mm x inner diameter 20, solvent: 60% methanol, flow rate: 9.0 ml / min). And purified by yonone glycoside corcoionoside A (10, 9.0 mg) was isolated. Further, fraction 8-3 (222.7 mg) was separated by reversed-phase HPLC (column: YMC-pack R & D-ODS-5-A, 250 mm x inner diameter 20, solvent: 60% methanol, flow rate: 9.0 ml / min). Purified flavonol glycoside Astragalin (119.8 mg) was isolated.
[0042]
Further, from the fraction 6, the cocolic fatty acid F (6) Was isolated.
[0043]
Embedded image
[0044]
[0045]
Embedded image
[0046]
[0047]
Embedded image
[0048]
Example 2. Structural elucidation of Moroheija extract cocoli fatty acids AF
(A) Cocolic fatty acid A (1)
White powder,
[Α]D 26+13.0 ° (c = 0.4, acetone)
UVλmax MeOHnm (log ε): 310 (4.6),
IR (KBr, cm-1): 3431, 2926, 2853, 1736, 1655, 1605, 1001,
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz, δ): 1.12 (3H, t, J = 7.3 Hz, 18-H3), 1.26-1.39 (8H, m, 4,5,6,7-H2), 1.56 (2H, dt-like, 8-H2), 1.63 (2H, tt-like, 3-H2), 2.34 (2H, t, J = 7.3 Hz, 2-H2), 2.58 (2H, q, J = 7.3 Hz, 17-H)2), 4.21 (1H, dt, J = 6.1, 6.1 Hz, 9-H), 5.92 (1H, dd, J = 6.1, 15.0 Hz, 10-H), 6. 18 (1H, d, J = 15.5 Hz, 15-H), 6.31 (1H, dd, J = 11.0, 15.0 Hz, 13-H), 6.33 (1H, dd, J = 11.0, 15.0 Hz, 11-H), 6.59 (1H, dd, J = 11.0, 15.0 Hz, 12-H), 7.19 (1H, dd, J = 11.0, 15.5 Hz, 14-H),
ThirteenC-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz, δc): described in Table 1.
EI-MS (m / z): 308 (M+), 290 (M+-H2O), 261, 233 (M+-H2OC3H5O), 171, 165, 137 (100)
[0049]
The cocolic fatty acid A has a molecular ion peak of m / z 308 (M+) Has a fragment ion peak of m / z 290 (M+-H2O), 233 (M+-H2OC3H5O), and the molecular formula C was determined by high-resolution EI-MS.18H28O4It became clear that it was a compound which has. In the IR spectrum, a hydroxyl group (3431 cm-1), Carbonyl group (1736 cm-1), Conjugated double bond (1655, 1605 cm)-1) Was observed, and a maximum absorption was observed at 310 nm (log ε 4.6) in the UV spectrum, suggesting that the compound had a trienone structure.
[0050]
1H-NMR andThirteenAnalysis of C-NMR (described in Table 1) spectral data revealed that a terminal methyl group [δ 1.12 (3H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), δc8.3], hydroxyl group [δ 4.21 (1H, dt, J = 6.1, 6.1 Hz), δc72.3], trans olefin [δ 5.92 (1H, dd, J = 6.1, 15.0 Hz), δc141.0; δ 6.33 (1H, dd, J = 11.0, 15.0 Hz), δc129.4; δ 6.59 (1H, dd, J = 11.0, 15.0 Hz), δc140.5; δ 6.31 (1H, dd, J = 11.0, 15.0 Hz), δc130.6; δ 7.19 (1H, dd, J = 11.0, 15.5 Hz), δc141.9: δ 6.18 (1H, d, J = 15.5 Hz), δc129.2], a carbonyl group [δc201.1], carboxylic acid [δc178.6], eight methylene groups [δc24.6, 25.2, 28.9, 29.1, 29.3, 33.8, 33.9, 37.2].
[0051]
further,1H-1The partial structure shown by the thick line in the following formula was found from the H COSY spectrum, and the correlation between the proton and the carbon shown in the following formula was recognized in the HMBC spectrum, whereby the positions of the 9-position hydroxyl group and the 16-position carbonyl group were confirmed. .ThirteenC-1In view of the consideration of the H COSY spectral data, each signal was completely assigned and the planar structure was determined.
[0052]
In order to confirm the number of carboxylic acids, CH prepared from N-methyl-N-nitroso-p-toluene-sulfonamide was used.2N2The ether solution (about 1.0 ml) was added to a methanol (0.5 ml) solution of cocolic fatty acid A (3.0 mg), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product. The product was purified by normal-phase silica gel column chromatography [1.0 g, n-hexane: aceton (20: 1)] to obtain a monomethyl ester.1a(3.1 mg) was obtained. Analysis of the physical data also confirmed the structure (formula below).
[0053]
Embedded image
[0054]
1a: White powder,
UV λmax MeOHnm (log ε): 310 (4.6),
IR (KBr, cm-1): 3453, 2932, 2855, 1734, 1718, 1601, 1581, 1030,
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz, δ): 1.12 (3H, t, J = 7.3 Hz, 18-H3), 1.28-1. 33 (8H, m, 4, 5, 6, 7-H2), 1.56 (2H, dt-like, 8-H2), 1.61 (2H, tt-like, 3-H2), 2.30 (2H, t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2-H2), 2.59 (2H, q, J = 7.3 Hz, 17-H2), 3.66 (3H, s, OMe), 4.21 (1H, dt-like, 9-H), 5.93 (1H, dd, J = 6.3, 15.1 Hz, 10-H). , 6.19 (1H, d, J = 15.4 Hz, 15-H), 6.32 (1H, dd, J = 11.1, 14.8 Hz, 13-H), 6.34 (1H, dd) , J = 10.8, 15.1 Hz, 11-H), 6.59 (1H, dd, J = 10.8, 14.8 Hz, 12-H), 7.19 (1H, dd, J = 11). .1, 15.4 Hz, 14-H),
ThirteenC-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz, δc): described in Table 1.
EI-MS (m / z): 322 (M+), 304 (M+-H2O), 233, 137 (100), 185, 165
[0055]
[Table 1]
[0056]
(B) Cocolic fatty acid B (2)
White powder,
[Α]D 28+17.3 ° (c = 0.2, acetone),
UV λmax MeOHnm (log ε): 309 (4.3),
IR (KBr, cm-1): 3430, 2932, 2857, 1719, 1655, 1605, 1007,
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz, δ): 0.94 (3H, t, J = 7.3 Hz, 18-H3), 1.24-1.36 (6H, m, 4,5,6-H2), 1.52-1.64 (6H, m, 3,7,17-H2), 2.31 (2H, t-like, 2-H2), 2.52 (2H, t, J = 7.2 Hz, 8-H2), 4.15 (1H, dt, J = 6.1, 6.7 Hz, 16-H), 5.93 (1H, dd, J = 6.1, 15.1 Hz, 15-H), 6. 17 (1H, d, J = 15.5 Hz, 10-H), 6.31 (1H, dd, J = 11.1, 15.4 Hz, 12-H), 6.32 (1H, dd, J = 10.8, 15.1 Hz, 14-H), 6.60 (1H, dd, J = 10.8, 15.4 Hz, 13-H), 7.18 (1H, dd, J = 11.1, 15.5 Hz, 11-H),
ThirteenC-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz, δc): described in Table 1.
EI-MS (m / z): 308 (M+), 290 (M+-H2O), 233 (100), 223, 171, 165, 137, 79
[0057]
Cocolic fatty acid B has a molecular ion peak of m / z 308 (M+) And its high-resolution EI-MS measurement shows the molecular formula C18H28O4It became clear that it was a compound which has. In the IR spectrum, hydroxyl groups (3430 cm-1), Carbonyl group (1719, 1710 cm)-1), Conjugated double bond (1655, 1605 cm)-1) Was observed, and further, in the UV spectrum, a maximum absorption was observed at 309 nm (log ε 4.3), suggesting that the compound had a trienone structure.
[0058]
1H-NMR andThirteenAnalysis of the C-NMR (described in Table 1) spectral data revealed that a terminal methyl group [δ 0.94 (3H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), δc8.3], hydroxyl group [δ4.15 (1H, dt, J = 6.1, 6.7 Hz), δc73.5], trans olefin [δ 5.93 (1H, dd, J = 6.1, 15.1 Hz), δc140.9; δ 6.32 (1H, dd, J = 10.8, 15.1 Hz), δc129.4; δ 6.60 (1H, dd, J = 10.8, 15.4 Hz), δc140.7; δ 6.31 (1H, dd, J = 11.1, 15.4 Hz), δc130.5; δ 7.18 (1H, dd, J = 11.1, 15.5 Hz), δc142.3: δ6.17 (1H, d, J = 15.5 Hz), δc129.3], a carbonyl group [δc200.3], carboxylic acid [δc178.7], eight methylene groups [δc24.3, 24.8, 28.8, 28.9, 29.2, 30.1, 33.9, 40.7].
[0059]
Furthermore,1H-1From the analysis of the HCOSY spectrum, the partial structure shown by the thick line in the following formula was found, and the correlation between the proton and the carbon shown in the following formula in the HMBC spectrum was confirmed. Was done. FurtherThirteenC-1Together with the consideration of the H COSY spectral data, each signal was completely assigned and the planar structure was determined.
[0060]
In addition, similar to cocolic fatty acid A, CH2N2Monomethyl ester from cocolic fatty acid B (3.0 mg, 0.0097 mmol)2a(3.1 mg) (the following formula),2aAnalyzed various physical data and identified methyl (16S) -hydroxy-9-oxo- (10E, 12E, 14E) -octadecatrienate isolated from the marine plant Acrosiphonia coalita. . From the above results, the structure of the cocolic fatty acid B was determined.
[0061]
Embedded image
[0062]
2a: White powder
UVλmax MeOHnm (log ε): 310 (4.6),
IR (KBr, cm-1): 3453, 2930, 2857, 1743, 1650, 1598, 1125,
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz, δ): 0.95 (3H, t, J = 7.3 Hz, 18-H3), 1.26-1.38 (6H, m, 4,5,6-H2), 1.50-1.63 (6H, m, 3,7,17-H2), 2.30 (2H, t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2-H2), 2.54 (2H, t, J = 7.5 Hz, 8-H), 3.66 (3H, s, OMe), 4.16 (1H, dt, J = 6.4, 6.4 Hz, 16-H), 5.93 (1H, dd, J = 6.4, 15.4 Hz, 15-H), 6.17 (1H, d, J = 15.4 Hz, 10-H), 6.31. (1H, dd, J = 11.1, 15.4 Hz, 12-H), 6.34 (1H, dd, J = 10.9, 15.4 Hz, 14-H), 6.60 (1H, dd) , J = 10.9, 15.4 Hz, 13-H), 7.18 (1H, dd, J = 11.1, 15.4 Hz, 11-H),
ThirteenC-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz, δc): described in Table 1,
EI-MS (m / z): 322 (M+), 304 (M+-H2O)
[0063]
(C) Cocolic fatty acid C (3)
White powder,
[Α]D 23+33.1 ° (c = 0.2, acetone),
UV λmax MeOHnm (log ε): 311 (4.4),
IR (KBr, cm-1): 3432, 2930, 2855, 1717, 1653, 1597, 1009,
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz, δ): 1.13 (3H, t, J = 7.3 Hz, 18-H3), 1.25-1.38 (8H, m, 4,5,6,7-H2), 1.55 (2H, dt, J = 6.4, 7.0 Hz, 8-H)2), 1.61 (2H, tt, J = 7.0, 7.3 Hz, 3-H2), 2.35 (2H, t, J = 7.3 Hz, 2-H2), 2.60 (2H, q, J = 7.3 Hz, 17-H2), 4.26 (1H, dt, J = 6.3, 6.4 Hz, 9-H), 5.92 (1H, dd, J = 6.3, 14.9 Hz, 10-H), 6. 10 (1H, dd, J = 11.3, 11.6 Hz, 13-H), 6.21 (1H, d, J = 15.0 Hz, 15-H), 6.36 (1H, dd, J = 11.3, 11.3 Hz, 12-H), 6.83 (1H, dd, J = 11.3, 14.9 Hz, 11-H), 7.66 (1H, dd, J = 11.6, 15.0 Hz, 14-H),
ThirteenC-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz, δc): described in Table 1.
EI-MS (m / z): 308 (M+), 290 (M+-H2O), 261, 233 (M+-H2OC3H5O), 171, 137 (100)
[0064]
Cocolic fatty acid C has a molecular ion peak of m / z 308 (M+) Has a fragment ion peak of m / z 290 (M+-H2O), the molecular formula C was determined by high-resolution EI-MS.18H28O4It became clear that it was a compound which has. In the IR spectrum, a hydroxyl group (3432 cm-1), Carbonyl group (1717 cm-1), Conjugated double bond (1653, 1597 cm)-1) Was observed. Furthermore, in the UV spectrum, maximum absorption was observed at 311 nm (log ε 4.4), suggesting that the compound has a trienone structure.
[0065]
Comparing the NMR data of cocolic fatty acid C with A, the results are almost similar except for the 11th to 14th positions.1In the data of H-NMR, cis olefin [δ6.36 (1H, dd, J = 11.3, 11.3 Hz, 12-H), δ6.10 (1H, dd, J = 11.3, 11.6 Hz, 13-H)] was confirmed, which revealed that the cocory fatty acid C has a cis-type structure at positions 12 and 13 of A.
[0066]
Also, CH2N2Monomethyl ester from cocolic fatty acid C (3.0 mg, 0.0097 mmol) using ether solution3a(3.1 mg) was obtained, and its structure was confirmed by comparative consideration of its physical data (the following formula). The structure of cocolic fatty acid C was determined by considering the above results.
[0067]
Embedded image
[0068]
3a: White powder,
UV λmax MeOHnm (log ε): 310 (4.4),
IR (KBr, cm-1): 3453, 2930, 2855, 1743, 1655, 1598, 1010,
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz, δ): 1.13 (3H, t, J = 7.3 Hz, 18-H3), 1.25-1.36 (8H, m, 4,5,6,7-H2), 1.55 (2H, dt-like, 8-H2), 1.61 (2H, tt-like, 3-H2), 2.31 (2H, t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2-H2), 2.61 (2H, q, J = 7.3 Hz, 17-H), 3.67 (3H, s, OMe), 4.25 (1H, dt, J = 6.4, 6.4 Hz, 9-H), 5.92 (1H, dd, J = 6.4, 15.3 Hz, 10-H), 6.12 (1H, dd, J = 11.0, 11.9 Hz, 13-H) , 6.20 (1H, d, J = 15.4 Hz, 15-H), 6.35 (1H, dd, J = 11.0, 11.9 Hz, 12-H), 6.82 (1H, dd) , J = 11.9, 15.3 Hz, 11-H), 7.65 (1H, dd, J = 11.9, 15.4 Hz, 14-H),
ThirteenC-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz, δc): described in Table 1,
EI-MS (m / z): 322 (M+), 304 (M+-H2O), 261, 233, 185, 165, 137 (100)
[0069]
(D) Cocolic fatty acid D (4)
White powder,
[Α]D 26+19.7 ° (c = 0.4, acetone)
UV λmax MeOHnm (log ε): 311 (4.3),
IR (KBr, cm-1): 3431, 2932, 2857, 1726, 1655, 1597, 1115,
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz, δ): 0.96 (3H, t, J = 7.5 Hz, 18-H3), 1.28-1.39 (6H, m, 4,5,6-H2), 1.57-1.66 (6H, m, 3,7,17-H2), 2.34 (2H, t-like, 2-H2), 2.57 (2H, t, J = 7.1 Hz, 8-H2), 4.22 (1H, dt, J = 5, 8, 6.1 Hz, 16-H), 5.93 (1H, dd, J = 6.1, 15.3 Hz, 15-H), 6. 10 (1H, dd, J = 11.0, 11.3 Hz, 12-H), 6.19 (1H, d, J = 15.3 Hz), 10-H), 6.36 (1H, dd, J) = 11.3, 11.3HZ, 13-H), 6.85 (1H, dd, J = 11.3, 15.3Hz, 14-H), 7.64 (1H, dd, J = 11.3) , 15.3 Hz, 11-H),
ThirteenC-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz, δc): described in Table 1,
EI-MS (m / z): 308 (M)+, 290 (M+-H2O), 261, 233 (M+-H2OC3H5O), 223, 171, 137, 41 (100)
[0070]
The cocolic fatty acid D has a molecular ion peak of m / z 308 (M+) And the fragment ion peak is m / z 290 (M+-H2O) and its high resolution EI-MS18H28O4It became clear to have. In the IR spectrum, a hydroxyl group (3431 cm-1), Carbonyl group (1726 cm-1), Conjugated double bond (1655, 1597 cm)-1) Was observed. Furthermore, in the UV spectrum, maximum absorption was observed at 311 nm (log ε 4.3), suggesting that the compound has a trienone structure.
[0071]
Comparing the NMR data of cocolic fatty acid D with C suggests that the positions of the hydroxyl group and the carbonyl group are different, and comparing the cocolic fatty acids D and B with each other, except for the signals at positions 11 to 14, which are very similar. Was.
In addition, the results of various two-dimensional NMR analyzes1H-1A partial structure including a trans-cis-trans-type trienone moiety indicated by a bold line in the following formula was found in the H COSY spectrum. From the HMBC spectrum, a correlation was observed between the proton and carbon shown in the following formula, which revealed that the cocolic fatty acid D was a cis-isomer at the 12-position or 13-position of B, and the chemical structure of the cocolic fatty acid D was represented by the following formula. Determined as shown.
[0072]
Embedded image
[0073]
(E) Cocolic fatty acid E (5)
Colorless oil,
[Α]D 24+14.2 ° (c = 0.7, CHCl3)
IR (film, cm-1): 3410, 2930, 2856, 1709, 991,
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 270 MHz, δ): 1.20-1.42 (8H, m, 4,5,6,7-H2), 1.51 (2H, m, 8-H2), 1.62 (2H, m, 3-H2), 2.33 (2H, t, J = 7.3 Hz, 2-H2), 4.10 (1H, dt, J = 6.3, 6.3 Hz, 9-H), 5.10 (1H, d, J = 10.6 Hz), 5.21 (1H, d, J = 17.5 Hz), (11-H2), 5.86 (1H, ddd, J = 10.6, 17.5 Hz, 10-H),
ThirteenC-NMR (CDCl3, 68 MHz, δc): described in Table 1,
Pos. FAB-MS (m / z): 201 (M + H)+
[0074]
The cocolic fatty acid E has a molecular ion peak of m / z 201 (M + H) in FAB-MS.+The high-resolution FAB-MS measurement showed the molecular formula C11H21O3It became clear to have. In the IR spectrum, hydroxyl groups (3410 cm-1), Carbonyl group (1709 cm-1) Was observed.
[0075]
1H-NMR andThirteenAnalysis of C-NMR (described in Table 1) spectral data revealed that terminal olefins [δ 5.10 (1H, d, J = 10.6 Hz), 5.21 (1H, d, J = 17.5 Hz), δ]c5.4.7 (1H, ddd, J = 6.3, 10.6, 17.5 Hz), δc141.2], hydroxyl group [δ 4.10 (1H, dt, J = 6.3, 6.3 Hz), δc73.3], carboxylic acid [δc179.4], 7 methylene groups [δc24.7, 25.2, 28.9, 29.1, 29.3, 34.1, 37.0]. further,1H-1From the H COSY spectrum, the partial structure shown by the thick line in the following formula was found.
[0076]
Also CH2N2Monomethyl ester from cocolic fatty acid E (3.0 mg, 0.015 mmol) using ether solution5a(3.0 mg) was obtained, and its structure was confirmed from comparative consideration of its physical data (the following formula). By considering the above results, the cocolic fatty acid E (5) Was determined.
[0077]
Embedded image
[0078]
5a: Colorless oil,
IR (film, cm-1): 3410, 2930, 2856, 1709,
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 270 MHz, δ): 1.20-1.40 (10H, m, 3,4,5,6,7-H2), 1.51 (2H, m, 8-H2), 1.62 (2H, m, 3-H2), 2.30 (2H, t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2-H2), 3.66 (3H, s, OMe), 4.09 (1H, dt, J = 6.3, 6.3 Hz, 9-H), 5.10 (1H, dd, J = 1.3, 10.6 Hz), 5.21 (1H, dd, J = 1.3, 17.2 Hz) (11-H2), 5.87 (1H, ddd, J = 6.3, 10.6, 17.2 Hz, 10-H),
ThirteenC-NMR (CDCl3, 68 MHz, δc): described in Table 1,
Pos. FAB-MS (m / z): 237 (M + Na)+, 215 (M + H)+
[0079]
(F) Kokoli fatty acid F (6)
White powder,
[Α]D 24-10.5 ° (c = 0.7, MeOH),
IR (KBr, cm-1): 3368, 2926, 2849, 1705, 1072,
1H-NMR (CD3OD, 500 MHz, δ): 0.96 (3H, t, J = 7.6 Hz, 18-H)3), 1.24-1.42 (8H, m, 4, 5, 6, 7-H2), 1.54 (2H, m, 8-H2), 1.61 (2H, m, 3-H2), 2.06 (2H, dq-like, J = 7.6 Hz, 17-H2), 2.13, 2.34 (1H reach, both m, 14-H2), 2.27 (2H, t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2-H2), 3.45 (1H, ddd, J = 4.3, 5.5, 8.3 Hz, 13-H), 3.95 (1H, dd, J = 5.2, 5.5 Hz, 12-H) ), 4.05 (1H, dt-like, 9-H), 5.45 (2H, m, 15, 16-H), 5.71 (2H, m, 10, 11-H),
ThirteenC-NMR (CD3OD, 125 MHz, δc): described in Table 1.
Pos. FAB-MS (m / z): 351 (M + Na)+, 329 (M + H)+,
Neg. FAB-MS (m / z): 327 (MH)−
[0080]
The cocolic fatty acid F has a pseudo molecular ion peak of m / z 351 (M + Na) in FAB-MS.+, 329 (M + H)+The high-resolution FAB-MS measurement showed the molecular formula C18H32O5It became clear that it was a compound which has. In the IR spectrum, a hydroxyl group (3368 cm-1), Carbonyl group (1705 cm-1) Was observed.
[0081]
1H-NMR andThirteenAnalysis of C-NMR (described in Table 1) spectral data revealed that a terminal methyl group [δ 0.96 (3H, t, J = 7.6 Hz), δc14.6], hydroxyl group [δ 4.05 (1H, dt-like), δc73.3], carboxylic acid [δc179.4], 7 methylene groups [δc25.2, 24.7, 25.2, 29.1, 29.3, 34.1, 37.0]. further,1H-1The partial structure shown by the thick line in the following formula was found from the H COSY spectrum, and the correlation between the proton and the carbon shown in the following formula was found in the HMBC spectrum. Was determined.
[0082]
Further CH2N2Monomethyl ester, a known compound using ether solution6a(3.1 mg), the structure including the configuration was determined (the following formula).
[0083]
Embedded image
[0084]
Example 3. NO production inhibition activity of Moroheiya fatty acids
The activity of known and novel fatty acids obtained from leaves of Moroheiya to inhibit the production of LPS-induced intraperitoneal macrophages in mice was examined.
As a result, the cocolic fatty acid B (2), C (3) Shows a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect. Cocolic fatty acid B has an inhibitory effect even at a low concentration, and at a concentration of 100 μM, cocolic fatty acid A (1), B and C all exhibited the same inhibitory action. At a concentration of 100 μM, azelaic acid (7) Also exhibited an inhibitory activity, but the inhibitory effect was weaker than that of cocolic fatty acids A, B and C.
[0085]
[Table 2]
[0086]
Furthermore, cytotoxicity was examined, but no toxicity was observed at any concentration. Comparison of the structures of the fatty acids for which the activity was observed revealed the following.
1) Those having a ketone structure at the 9-position showed stronger activity than those having a hydroxyl group at the 9-position.
[0087]
2) Stronger activity was observed for those having a trienone structure.
3) For the olefin between the 12-position and the 13-position, a stronger activity was observed in the cis configuration than in the trans configuration.
Summarizing the above results, it was found that Cocori fat D (4) Was presumed to have stronger activity than cocolic fatty acids A, B, and C.
[0088]
(Test method)
The ddy male mice were killed by dislocation of the cervix and the peritoneal cavity was washed with about 6 to 7 ml of cold PBS to collect exudate cells in the peritoneal cavity. The obtained cells were suspended in RPMI1640 medium containing 10% FCS. Cells were seeded in flat-bottom 96-well microplates (5 × 10 5 per well).5Cells / 100 μl).
[0089]
5% CO2After incubating for 1 hour at 37 ° C in the presence, the wells were washed with PBS to remove non-adherent cells. Thereafter, the medium was replaced with an RPMI1640 medium (containing 10% FCS) containing LPS (from Salmonella enteritidis, Sigma) and a test drug, and 5% CO2Incubated for 20 hours at 37 ° C. in the presence. 100 μl of the culture supernatant was taken, and NO in the culture supernatant was measured using a Griess reagent. The standard solution contains NaNO2The solution was used.
[0090]
Numerical values are expressed as mean ± standard error, and Dunnett's method was used to test the difference between the mean of the control group and the test drug-administered group.
MTT [3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide] assay was used to detect the cytotoxicity of the test drug. That is, after removing 100 μl of culture supernatant, 10 μl of MTT (5 mg / ml in PBS) solution was added to each well, and 5% CO 2 was added.2Incubated for 4 hours at 37 ° C in the presence. After removing the medium, 100 μl of isopropanol (containing 0.04 N HCl) was added to dissolve the formed formazan. The absorbance was measured with a microplate reader (measurement wavelength: 570 nm, reference wavelength: 655 nm).
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12351498A JP3594483B2 (en) | 1998-05-06 | 1998-05-06 | Fatty acids or salts thereof, fatty acid extracts, isolation methods and uses thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12351498A JP3594483B2 (en) | 1998-05-06 | 1998-05-06 | Fatty acids or salts thereof, fatty acid extracts, isolation methods and uses thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH11322667A JPH11322667A (en) | 1999-11-24 |
| JP3594483B2 true JP3594483B2 (en) | 2004-12-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12351498A Expired - Lifetime JP3594483B2 (en) | 1998-05-06 | 1998-05-06 | Fatty acids or salts thereof, fatty acid extracts, isolation methods and uses thereof |
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| JP (1) | JP3594483B2 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2018051992A1 (en) * | 2016-09-16 | 2018-03-22 | デクセリアルズ株式会社 | Extract of plant powder, and water purifier |
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| JPH11322667A (en) | 1999-11-24 |
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