JP3595089B2 - Cast refractory - Google Patents
Cast refractory Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP3595089B2 JP3595089B2 JP31872896A JP31872896A JP3595089B2 JP 3595089 B2 JP3595089 B2 JP 3595089B2 JP 31872896 A JP31872896 A JP 31872896A JP 31872896 A JP31872896 A JP 31872896A JP 3595089 B2 JP3595089 B2 JP 3595089B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- refractory
- weight
- aluminum powder
- metal aluminum
- reaction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002683 reaction inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 6
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- -1 hydroxide ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 5
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002245 Dextrose equivalent Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- INJRKJPEYSAMPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;silicic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O INJRKJPEYSAMPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052849 andalusite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UAMZXLIURMNTHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3] UAMZXLIURMNTHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009432 framing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052850 kyanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010443 kyanite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011044 quartzite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 235000019982 sodium hexametaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、耐爆裂性に優れた流し込み耐火物に関し、特に鉄鋼等の金属溶湯用取鍋、樋、タンディッシュ等、またその二次精練のための容器、ノズル等に用いるのに好適な流し込み耐火物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
流し込み耐火物は施工の柔軟性・省力化等、あるいは品質の安定性が評価されるにつれて近年その需要を増加させ、雰囲気炉はもちろん溶湯容器の分野にまで広く用途を拡大してきている。さらに最近では、耐食性の向上を目的として、低融点化合物の生成要因である各種セメントの配合量を減らし、代わりに耐火性超微粉の配合割合を増やした、いわゆる凝集ボンドタイプの流し込み耐火物の需要が増加してきている。そのため流し込み耐火物施工体の組織は増々緻密になっており、水で混練して鋳込み成形した施工体を乾燥すると、水蒸気及びその他のガスによる内部蒸気圧の急激な上昇によって、施工体中に亀裂が発生したり、または爆裂現象が起こる。この解決策として、流し込み耐火組成物中に金属アルミニウム粉末を添加し上記亀裂の発生や爆裂現象を防止する技術がすでに提案されている。
【0003】
例えば本願と同一出願人による特公昭60−35317号は、粒度調整を施した耐火性骨材に耐火粘土を加えた耐火物100 重量%に対して、解膠剤、凝膠剤(アルミン酸石灰)、純度90%以上で0.074 mm以下の粒度の粉末を50重量%以上有する金属アルミニウム粉末、及び同アルミニウム粉末に対する反応抑制剤を添加してなる不定形耐火物を開示している。この不定形耐火物を施工すると、金属アルミニウム粉末はアルカリ共存下の水溶液と次式の反応を起こして、水素ガスを連続的に発生する。
2Al+6H2O →2Al(OH)3 +3H2+228kcal
Al(OH)3 +[OH]− →[Al(OH)4] −
【0004】
即ち金属アルミニウム粉末の作用は、上式の反応の開始と同時に施工体を発熱させ、それによって含有水分が蒸発・減少し、また水素ガスの発生による通気率の上昇によって、上記内部蒸気圧による亀裂の発生や爆裂を防止することである。
【0005】
しかしながら、施工体が硬化し、養生強度を発現し始める前に、図1に示すようなガス発生速度が最大になる時間(以下「最大ガス発生時間」と称する)を迎えると、水素ガスによる発泡で施工体中に膨れが起こり、組織の緻密性が損なわれる。逆に施工体が完全に硬化した後で最大ガス発生時間を迎えると、膨れは防止できるものの、通気孔の形成が不十分で水蒸気爆裂の防止効果がなくなる。そこで、最大ガス発生時間を調整する必要があるが、そのための技術も既に幾つか提案されている。
【0006】
例えば上記特公昭60−35317号は、金属アルミニウム粉末の反応抑制剤として種々の有機化合物及び無機化合物を耐火組成物中に添加する技術を開示している。しかしながら、これらの反応抑制剤では、上記金属アルミニウム粉末と混練水との反応の抑制効果はみられるものの、施工体の硬化開始時間も大幅に遅らせてしまうため、脱枠や乾燥といった作業工程も大幅に遅れてしまうという弊害がある。
【0007】
また、特公昭58−49511号及び特開昭60−226461 号には、金属アルミニウム粉末を樹脂及びシリコンオイル等で被覆し、上記金属アルミニウム粉末と混練水との反応開始時間を調整する技術が開示されているが、これらの被覆物は混練中において、摩擦や衝撃によって容易に剥離するため金属アルミニウム粉末の反応の抑制効果がみられず、さらに被覆物が混練鋳込み時の流動性を低下させるという弊害もある。
【0008】
このように上記いずれの技術も、流し込み耐火物の混練鋳込み時の流動性及びその後の作業工程に対して良い影響を及ぼさず、本来の目的を達し得なかった。
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、混練鋳込み時の流動性の低下がなく、さらにその後の作業工程に悪影響を与えることのない、緻密で耐爆裂性に優れた流し込み耐火物を提供することである。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的に鑑み鋭意研究の結果、本発明者は、金属アルミニウム粉末の反応抑制剤として特定のDE値を有するデンプン糖を用いることによって、混練鋳込み時の流動性を低下させたり、施工体の硬化開始時間を遅らせることなく、容易に金属アルミニウム粉末と混練水との反応を調整し、最大ガス発生時間をコントロールできることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
【0011】
すなわち、本発明の流し込み耐火物は耐火性骨材、耐火性超微粉及びアルミナセメントからなる主材の合量100 重量%に対して、金属アルミニウム粉末0.01〜3重量%、DE値15〜35のデンプン糖0.002 〜0.1 重量%及び分散剤0.01〜1重量%を添加したことを特徴とするものである。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明を詳細に説明する。
[1] 流し込み耐火物
本発明の流し込み耐火物は、主材、金属アルミニウム粉末、デンプン糖及び分散剤からなり、必要に応じてその他の成分を配合する。
【0013】
(A) 主材
主材は耐火性骨材、耐火性超微粉及びアルミナセメントからなる。
【0014】
(A−1) 耐火性骨材
本発明に使用する耐火性骨材は、アルミナ、ボーキサイト、カイアナイト、アンダリュサイト、ムライト、シャモット、ロー石、珪石、アルミナ−マグネシア系スピネル、マグネシア、ジルコン、ジルコニア、炭化珪素、黒鉛、カーボン、ピッチ等からなる原料群から選ばれた少なくとも1 種であり、必要に応じて2種以上を併用することができる。
【0015】
(A−2) 耐火性超微粉
耐火性超微粉としては、非晶質シリカ、耐火性粘土、超微粉シリカ、超微粉アルミナ、超微粉チタニア、超微粉ムライト、超微粉ジルコニア、超微粉クロミア、超微粉炭化珪素、超微粉カーボン等からなる原料群から選ばれた少なくとも1種であり、必要に応じて2種以上を併用することができる。その粒子径は10μm 以下が好ましい。
【0016】
(A−3) アルミナセメント
アルミナセメントは、施工体の強度を発現させるだけでなく、金属アルミニウム粉末と混練水との反応を促進させる水酸化物イオンを供給するものである。使用するアルミナセメントは、通常流し込み耐火物に用いられているものであれば特に限定する必要はないが、中でもJIS 1種、2種及び3種等が適している。アルミナセメントの配合量は、主材の総量100 重量%当たり0.5 〜10重量%が好ましい。0.5 重量%未満では強度発現が十分ではなく、10重量%を超えると耐食性の低下が大きい。より好ましくは1〜7重量%である。
【0017】
(B) 金属アルミニウム粉末
本発明に使用する金属アルミニウム粉末はいかなる方法で製造したものでも良いが、アトマイズ法によって製造した粒状粉が好ましい。その純度及び粒度は混練水との反応開始時間のバラツキを抑えるために重要である。純度は95%以上が好ましい。また粒度は0.3 mm以下であり、さらにその内50重量%以上が0.045 〜0.15mmであるのが好ましい。
【0018】
金属アルミニウム粉末の添加量は、乾燥時における流し込み耐火物施工体中の亀裂の発生や爆裂現象を防止するために重要であり、上記主材の総量100 重量%に対して外掛けで0.01〜3重量%である。0.01重量%より少ないと、水素ガス発生による通気率の上昇が小さく爆裂防止効果がない。また添加量が3重量%より多いと、通気率が増大しすぎて組織の緻密性が損なわれる。好ましい配合量は、0.05〜1重量%である。
【0019】
(C) デンプン糖
デンプン糖とはデンプンを酸又は酵素で加水分解することにより得られるグルコースからデキストリンに至る物質の総称であり、加水分解法としては酸液化・酸糖化法、酵素液化・酵素糖化法、酸液化・酵素糖化法、酵素液化・酸糖化法の4通りが可能であるが、前二者が広く利用されている。酸液化・酸糖化法は、希薄な酸(しゅう酸、硫酸又は塩酸)溶液中でデンプンを加圧加熱して、液化と糖化をほとんど同時に行った後に中和する方法である。また酵素液化・酵素糖化法は、デンプン乳に耐熱性液化アミラーゼを加え、ノリ化と液化(デキストリン化)を同時に行った後に、液を短時間加熱し、グルコース生成アミラーゼ(グルコアミラーゼ)を加えて、所望のDE値になるまで加水分解する方法である。デンプン糖の具体例としては、水飴、粉飴、ブドウ糖等が挙げられる。
【0020】
デンプン糖は金属アルミニウム粉末の反応抑制剤として作用する。反応抑制の詳しい機構は明確に判明していないが、水に溶解したデンプン糖が金属アルミニウム粉末の表面に特異吸着するためであると考えられる。本発明のデンプン糖を使用すると、他の反応抑制剤に比べて、施工体の硬化開始時間を遅延させることなく、金属アルミニウム粉末と混練水との反応開始時間を調整し、最大ガス発生時間を容易にコントロールすることができる。さらに樹脂及びシリコンオイル等によって金属アルミニウム粉末表面を被覆する必要がないので、混練鋳込み時の流動性を低下させることがない。
【0021】
本発明に使用するデンプン糖はブドウ糖量を示すDE値(直糖分/全糖分×100 )が15〜35のものである。ここでDE値(dextrose equivalent )とは、デンプン糖の還元力を測定し、その還元力が全てグルコースに基づくと仮定してグルコース量に換算し、これをデンプン糖の固形分に対する百分率で表したものである(純グルコースのDE値=100 )。DE値が15より小さいと、混練鋳込み時の流動性が低下し、またDE値が35を超えると、施工体の硬化開始時間が遅れる。好ましいDE値は17〜28である。
【0022】
デンプン糖の添加量は、上記主材の総量100 重量%に対して外掛けで0.002 〜0.1 重量%である。0.002 重量%より少ないと金属アルミニウム粉末の反応の抑制効果がみられず、また0.1 重量%より多いと反応の抑制効果が強く金属アルミニウム粉末の反応が遅れ過ぎて通気率が上がらず、結果的に施工体の爆裂現象が起こる。好ましいデンプン糖の添加量は0.005 〜0.05重量%である。
【0023】
(D) 分散剤
分散剤としては、ヘキサメタリン酸ソーダ等の縮合リン酸のアルカリ金属塩及び珪酸のアルカリ金属塩、あるいはカルボン酸、フミン酸、アルキルスルホン酸、芳香族スルホン酸などの有機酸及びそのアルカリ金属塩等の1種以上を用いることができる。分散剤の添加量は、上記主材の総量100 重量%に対して外掛けで0.01〜1重量%である。分散剤の添加量が0.01重量%未満では耐火性超微粉に対する十分な分散効果が得られず、また1重量%を超えると最適な分散状態が得られない。好ましい分散剤の添加量は0.02〜0.5 重量%である。
【0024】
(E) その他の成分
本発明の流し込み耐火物には、上記構成成分の他に発明の効果を阻害しない範囲で、さらに有機質、無機質、金属質等の各種ファイバー及びチタン、シルミン、シリコン等の各種金属粉など、通常の流し込み耐火物に使用されているものを添加してもよい。
【0025】
【実施例】
本発明を以下の実施例及び比較例によりさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
【0026】
実施例1〜5、比較例1〜7
表1に示す配合割合で、耐火性骨材、耐火性超微粉、アルミナセメントからなる主材を調製した。
【0027】
【0028】
得られた主材100 重量%に、表2に示す量(外掛け)の金属アルミニウム粉末、反応抑制剤及び分散剤を添加した。さらに流し込み軟度の流動性となるように、表2に示す量(外掛け)の水を添加し、混練したものを以下に示す各条件で試験に供した。得られた結果を表2に示す。
【0029】
(1) ガス発生試験
混練された流し込み耐火物100gに対して、図2に示すガス補集装置を用いて混練直後から時間毎のガス発生量を測定し、最大ガス発生時間を求めた。
【0030】
(2) 耐爆裂性試験
混練された流し込み耐火物を、直径100 mm及び高さ100 mmの型枠に流し込み、48時間養生した。脱枠後に試片を700 ℃に保持した炉の中に30分間保持し、爆裂の有無を目視で観察し、以下の基準で評価した。
○:外観上全く異常がなかった。
×:亀裂が見られたり爆裂が起こった。
【0031】
(3) 膨れ・ラミネーション試験
混練された流し込み耐火物を、直径100 mm及び高さ1mの型枠に流し込み、48時間養生した。養生前後における鋳込み面の高さを測定し、膨れの有無を調べた。高さの変化率が±0.05%以内のものを「無し」、それ以外のものを「有り」とした。さらに試験片中のラミネーション(積層亀裂)の有無も調べた。
【0032】
(4) 曲げ試験
混練された流し込み耐火物を40mm×40mm×160mm の型枠に流し込み、48時間養生後脱枠し、110 ℃で24時間乾燥した試験片をJIS−R2553 に基づいて測定した。
【0033】
【0034】
【0035】
注:(1) 同上。
【0036】
表2から明らかなように、実施例の流し込み耐火物はいずれも混練鋳込み時における流動性の低下及び硬化開始時間の遅延がなく、耐爆裂性に優れている。
【0037】
これに対して、デンプン糖を添加していない比較例1及び添加量が0.002 重量%より少ない比較例2では、試験片の硬化開始時間に対して最大ガス発生時間が早すぎるために膨れ現象が見られ、その結果見かけ気孔率が増加し組織の緻密性が低下する。また比較例3のように添加量が0.1 重量%より多いと金属アルミニウム粉末の反応抑制効果が強すぎ、硬化開始時間に対して最大ガス発生時間が大幅に遅れるため見かけ気孔率が増加せず、結果的に通気性も上がらないため爆裂現象が起こる。DE値が15より小さいデンプン糖を使用した比較例4では、添加水量が増えるため組織の緻密性が低下する。DE値が35より大きい比較例5では、硬化開始時間が大幅に遅れる。さらに、デンプン糖以外の反応抑制剤を用いた比較例6及び比較例7では、混練鋳込み時の流動性が悪いため、添加水量が増加し組織の緻密性が低下するだけでなく、硬化開始時間が大幅に遅れるという欠点がある。
【0038】
【発明の効果】
以上の通り、耐火性骨材、耐火性超微粉及びアルミナセメントからなる主材に金属アルミニウム粉末及び分散剤を添加してなる流し込み耐火物において、金属アルミニウム粉末の反応抑制剤として15〜35のDE値を有するデンプン糖を用いることにより、混練鋳込み時の流動性を低下させたり、施工体の硬化開始時間を遅らせることなく、容易に金属アルミニウム粉末と混練水との反応を調整し、最大ガス発生時間をコントロールすることができる。
【0039】
本発明の流し込み耐火物を高炉出銑樋に適用すると、従来より見られていた側壁での微細な横亀裂が解消され良好な施工体が得られる。また傾注樋においては底部のラミネーションが抑制され、剥離損傷が少なくなったため、寿命が約20%延長できる。一方、熱間での施工においては従来、未硬化の施工体内での急激なガス発生による水や微粉の分離偏析が発生していたが、これが抑制され、均質な施工体が得られるようになった。その結果、耐用性のばらつきが少なくなって、寿命が安定化がするようになった。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】混練された流し込み耐火物において混練直後からの放置時間とガス発生速度の関係を示すグラフである。
【図2】混練された流し込み耐火物から発生するガスの補集装置を示す概略図である。
【符号の説明】
1・・・混練された流し込み耐火物
2・・・水素ガス
3・・・水[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a refractory pouring having excellent explosion resistance, in particular ladle for molten metal, such as steel, gutter, tundish or the like, also pouring suitable for use container for the secondary refining, the nozzle or the like Refractory.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The demand for cast refractories has been increasing in recent years as the flexibility and labor saving of construction and the stability of quality have been evaluated, and the applications thereof have been widely expanded to the field of atmosphere furnaces as well as molten metal containers. More recently, in order to improve corrosion resistance, the demand for so-called cohesive bond-type cast refractories, in which the amount of various cements that cause the formation of low-melting compounds has been reduced and the proportion of refractory ultrafine powder increased instead. Is increasing. As a result, the structure of the cast refractory construction body is becoming increasingly dense, and when the construction body formed by kneading with water and casting is dried, a sharp rise in internal vapor pressure due to steam and other gases causes cracks in the construction body. Or explosion occurs. As a solution to this, there has already been proposed a technique for adding metallic aluminum powder to a cast refractory composition to prevent the above-mentioned cracks and explosion.
[0003]
For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-35317, filed by the same applicant as the present application, discloses that a deflocculant and a flocculant (lime aluminate) are used for 100% by weight of a refractory obtained by adding a refractory clay to a refractory aggregate whose particle size has been adjusted. ), A metal aluminum powder having a purity of 90% or more and a particle size of 0.074 mm or less and 50% by weight or more, and an amorphous refractory obtained by adding a reaction inhibitor to the aluminum powder. When this amorphous refractory is applied, the metallic aluminum powder reacts with an aqueous solution in the coexistence of an alkali by the following reaction to continuously generate hydrogen gas.
2Al + 6H 2 O → 2Al (OH) 3 + 3H 2 +228 kcal
Al (OH) 3 + [OH] − → [Al (OH) 4 ] −
[0004]
That is, the action of the metal aluminum powder causes the construction body to generate heat at the same time as the start of the above-described reaction, whereby the contained water evaporates and decreases, and the cracks due to the internal vapor pressure increase due to the increase in the air permeability due to the generation of hydrogen gas. It is to prevent the occurrence and explosion.
[0005]
However, before the construction body hardens and begins to develop the curing strength, when the gas generation speed reaches the maximum as shown in FIG. 1 (hereinafter, referred to as “maximum gas generation time”), foaming by hydrogen gas occurs. As a result, swelling occurs in the construction body, and the denseness of the structure is lost. Conversely, when the maximum gas generation time is reached after the construction has been completely cured, swelling can be prevented, but the formation of ventilation holes is insufficient and the effect of preventing steam explosion is lost. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the maximum gas generation time, and several techniques for that purpose have already been proposed.
[0006]
For example, JP-B-60-35317 discloses a technique in which various organic compounds and inorganic compounds are added to a refractory composition as a reaction inhibitor for metallic aluminum powder. However, with these reaction inhibitors, although the effect of suppressing the reaction between the metal aluminum powder and the kneading water can be seen, the work start time such as de-framing and drying is greatly reduced because the hardening start time of the construction body is greatly delayed. There is an adverse effect of being late.
[0007]
JP-B-58-49511 and JP-A-60-226461 disclose a technique of coating a metal aluminum powder with a resin, silicone oil, or the like, and adjusting a reaction start time between the metal aluminum powder and kneading water. However, during kneading, these coatings are easily peeled off by friction or impact, so the effect of suppressing the reaction of the metal aluminum powder is not seen, and further, the coating reduces the fluidity during kneading and casting. There are also evils.
[0008]
Thus any of the above technologies, without adversely good effect on kneading cast upon the fluidity and subsequent working steps of pouring refractory, it could not reach the intended purpose.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a cast refractory which is dense and excellent in explosion resistance without causing a decrease in fluidity at the time of kneading and casting, and further having no adverse effect on subsequent working steps.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In view of the above objects, as a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that by using starch sugar having a specific DE value as a reaction inhibitor of metallic aluminum powder, it is possible to reduce the fluidity during kneading and casting or to harden the construction body The present inventors have found that the reaction between the metal aluminum powder and the kneading water can be easily adjusted without delaying the start time and the maximum gas generation time can be controlled, and the present invention has been completed.
[0011]
That is, the cast refractory of the present invention has a metal aluminum powder of 0.01 to 3% by weight and a DE value of 15 to 100% by weight with respect to a total of 100% by weight of a main material composed of refractory aggregate, refractory ultrafine powder and alumina cement. 35 in which 0.002 to 0.1% by weight of a starch sugar and 0.01 to 1% by weight of a dispersant are added.
[0012]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[1] poured refractory pouring of the refractory invention, main material, metal aluminum powder, consists of starch sugar and dispersant, blending the other components, if necessary.
[0013]
(A) Main material The main material consists of refractory aggregate, refractory ultrafine powder and alumina cement.
[0014]
(A-1) Refractory Aggregate The refractory aggregate used in the present invention is alumina, bauxite, kyanite, andalusite, mullite, chamotte, rolite, quartzite, alumina-magnesia spinel, magnesia, zircon, zirconia. , Silicon carbide, graphite, carbon, pitch, and the like, and at least one selected from the group consisting of raw materials, and if necessary, two or more types can be used in combination.
[0015]
(A-2) Refractory ultra-fine powder Examples of the refractory ultra-fine powder include amorphous silica, refractory clay, ultra-fine silica, ultra-fine alumina, ultra-fine titania, ultra-fine mullite, ultra-fine zirconia, ultra-fine chromia, and ultra-fine chromia. It is at least one selected from a raw material group consisting of finely divided silicon carbide, ultrafinely divided carbon, and the like, and two or more types can be used in combination as needed. The particle size is preferably 10 μm or less.
[0016]
(A-3) Alumina cement Alumina cement not only expresses the strength of the construction body but also supplies hydroxide ions that promote the reaction between the metal aluminum powder and the kneading water. The alumina cement to be used is not particularly limited as long as it is usually used as a cast refractory, but
[0017]
(B) Metal aluminum powder The metal aluminum powder used in the present invention may be produced by any method, but granular powder produced by an atomizing method is preferred. The purity and particle size are important for suppressing the variation of the reaction start time with the kneading water. The purity is preferably 95% or more. The particle size is preferably 0.3 mm or less, and more preferably 50% by weight or more of the particle size is 0.045 to 0.15 mm.
[0018]
The addition amount of the metal aluminum powder is important for preventing the occurrence of cracks and explosion phenomena in the cast refractory construction during drying. 33% by weight. If the amount is less than 0.01% by weight, the increase in the air permeability due to the generation of hydrogen gas is small, and there is no explosion prevention effect. On the other hand, if the amount is more than 3% by weight, the air permeability increases too much and the denseness of the structure is impaired. A preferred amount is 0.05 to 1% by weight.
[0019]
(C) Starch sugar Starch sugar is a general term for a substance ranging from glucose to dextrin obtained by hydrolyzing starch with an acid or an enzyme. As the hydrolysis method, acid liquefaction / acid saccharification method, enzyme liquefaction / enzyme saccharification There are four methods available: acid liquefaction / enzyme saccharification method and enzyme liquefaction / acid saccharification method, the former two being widely used. The acid liquefaction / acid saccharification method is a method in which starch is heated under pressure in a dilute acid (oxalic acid, sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid) solution, and liquefaction and saccharification are performed almost simultaneously, followed by neutralization. In the enzyme liquefaction / enzymatic saccharification method, a heat-resistant liquefied amylase is added to starch milk, the paste is liquefied and liquefied (dextrinized) at the same time. , Until the desired DE value is reached. Specific examples of starch sugar include starch syrup, powdered candy, glucose and the like.
[0020]
Starch sugar acts as a reaction inhibitor for metal aluminum powder. Although the detailed mechanism of the reaction suppression is not clearly known, it is considered that the starch sugar dissolved in water is specifically adsorbed on the surface of the metal aluminum powder. When the starch sugar of the present invention is used, the reaction start time between the metal aluminum powder and the kneading water is adjusted without delaying the hardening start time of the construction body as compared with other reaction inhibitors, and the maximum gas generation time is reduced. Can be easily controlled. Further, since it is not necessary to coat the surface of the metal aluminum powder with a resin, silicone oil, or the like, the fluidity during kneading and casting is not reduced.
[0021]
The starch sugar used in the present invention has a DE value (straight sugar content / total sugar content × 100) indicating the amount of glucose of 15 to 35. Here, the DE value (dextrose equivalent) is obtained by measuring the reducing power of starch sugar, converting the reducing power into a glucose amount assuming that all the reducing power is based on glucose, and expressing this as a percentage of the solid content of starch sugar. (DE value of pure glucose = 100). When the DE value is less than 15, the fluidity during kneading and casting decreases, and when the DE value exceeds 35, the hardening start time of the construction body is delayed. Preferred DE values are 17-28.
[0022]
The amount of added starch sugar is 0.002 to 0.1% by weight on the basis of the total amount of the above-mentioned main material of 100% by weight. When the amount is less than 0.002% by weight, the effect of suppressing the reaction of the metal aluminum powder is not observed, and when the amount is more than 0.1% by weight, the effect of suppressing the reaction is so strong that the reaction of the metal aluminum powder is too late to increase the air permeability. As a result, the explosion of the construction body occurs. The preferred amount of added starch sugar is 0.005 to 0.05% by weight.
[0023]
(D) Dispersant Examples of the dispersant include alkali metal salts of condensed phosphoric acid such as sodium hexametaphosphate and alkali metal salts of silicic acid, or organic acids such as carboxylic acid, humic acid, alkylsulfonic acid and aromatic sulfonic acid, and the like. One or more kinds of alkali metal salts and the like can be used. The amount of the dispersant added is 0.01 to 1% by weight on the basis of the total amount of the main material of 100% by weight. If the added amount of the dispersant is less than 0.01% by weight, a sufficient dispersing effect on the refractory ultrafine powder cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 1% by weight, an optimum dispersion state cannot be obtained. A preferable addition amount of the dispersant is 0.02 to 0.5% by weight.
[0024]
(E) Other Components In addition to the above-mentioned components, various types of fibers such as organic, inorganic and metallic materials and various fibers such as titanium, sirmine, and silicon are included in the cast refractory of the present invention in a range not to impair the effects of the present invention. You may add what is used for normal pouring refractories, such as metal powder.
[0025]
【Example】
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0026]
Examples 1 to 5, Comparative Examples 1 to 7
At the compounding ratios shown in Table 1, fire-resistant aggregates, fire-resistant ultrafine powder, and main materials composed of alumina cement were prepared.
[0027]
[0028]
To 100% by weight of the obtained main material, metallic aluminum powder, a reaction inhibitor and a dispersant in the amounts shown in Table 2 (outer portion) were added. Further, water was added and kneaded in the amount shown in Table 2 (outer portion) so as to obtain a fluidity of a poured softness, and the mixture was subjected to a test under the following conditions. Table 2 shows the obtained results.
[0029]
(1) Gas generation test The amount of gas generated per hour from immediately after kneading was measured for 100 g of the kneaded cast refractory using the gas collection device shown in FIG. 2 to determine the maximum gas generation time.
[0030]
(2) Explosion resistance test The cast refractory which had been kneaded was poured into a mold having a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 100 mm and cured for 48 hours. After deframing, the specimen was kept in a furnace maintained at 700 ° C. for 30 minutes, and the presence or absence of explosion was visually observed and evaluated according to the following criteria.
:: No abnormality in appearance.
×: A crack was seen or an explosion occurred.
[0031]
(3) Swelling / Lamination Test The kneaded cast refractory was poured into a mold having a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 1 m and cured for 48 hours. The height of the casting surface before and after curing was measured, and the presence or absence of blisters was examined. Those with a height change rate of within ± 0.05% were evaluated as “absent”, and the others were evaluated as “present”. Further, the presence or absence of lamination (lamination crack) in the test piece was also examined.
[0032]
(4) Bending test The kneaded cast refractory was poured into a 40 mm × 40 mm × 160 mm formwork, cured for 48 hours, deframed, and dried at 110 ° C. for 24 hours, and the test piece was measured based on JIS-R2553.
[0033]
[0034]
[0035]
Note: (1) Same as above.
[0036]
As is clear from Table 2, no delay reduction and curing starting time of fluidity during any refractory kneading casting pouring embodiment, has excellent resistance to explosion resistance.
[0037]
In contrast, Comparative Example 1 in which no starch sugar was added and Comparative Example 2 in which the amount of addition was less than 0.002% by weight swelled because the maximum gas generation time was too early with respect to the curing start time of the test piece. A phenomenon is observed, which results in an increase in apparent porosity and a reduction in the denseness of the structure. When the addition amount is more than 0.1% by weight as in Comparative Example 3, the effect of suppressing the reaction of the metal aluminum powder is too strong, and the maximum gas generation time is greatly delayed with respect to the curing start time, so that the apparent porosity increases. Explosion occurs because the air permeability does not increase as a result. In Comparative Example 4 using a starch sugar having a DE value smaller than 15, the denseness of the tissue is reduced due to an increase in the amount of added water. In Comparative Example 5 in which the DE value is greater than 35, the curing start time is significantly delayed. Furthermore, in Comparative Examples 6 and 7 in which a reaction inhibitor other than starch sugar was used, the fluidity during kneading and casting was poor, so that not only the amount of added water was increased and the denseness of the structure was reduced, but also the curing start time. Has the disadvantage of being significantly delayed.
[0038]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in a cast refractory obtained by adding a metal aluminum powder and a dispersant to a main material composed of a refractory aggregate, a refractory ultrafine powder and alumina cement, a DE of 15 to 35 is used as a reaction inhibitor for the metal aluminum powder. By using starch sugar having a value, the reaction between the metal aluminum powder and the kneading water is easily adjusted without reducing the fluidity during kneading and casting or delaying the hardening start time of the construction body, and the maximum gas generation You can control the time.
[0039]
When the cast refractory of the present invention is applied to a blast furnace tapping gutter, fine lateral cracks on the side wall, which have been seen in the past, are eliminated, and a good construction body can be obtained. In addition, in the inclined gutter, since the lamination at the bottom is suppressed and the peeling damage is reduced, the life can be extended by about 20%. On the other hand, in the case of hot work, conventionally, separation of water and fine powder due to rapid gas generation in the uncured work body has occurred, but this has been suppressed, and a homogeneous work body has been obtained. Was. As a result, the variation in durability was reduced, and the life was stabilized.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the standing time immediately after kneading and the gas generation rate in a kneaded cast refractory.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a device for collecting gas generated from a kneaded cast refractory.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Kneaded cast refractories 2: Hydrogen gas 3: Water
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP31872896A JP3595089B2 (en) | 1996-11-14 | 1996-11-14 | Cast refractory |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP31872896A JP3595089B2 (en) | 1996-11-14 | 1996-11-14 | Cast refractory |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10139556A JPH10139556A (en) | 1998-05-26 |
| JP3595089B2 true JP3595089B2 (en) | 2004-12-02 |
Family
ID=18102299
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP31872896A Expired - Fee Related JP3595089B2 (en) | 1996-11-14 | 1996-11-14 | Cast refractory |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3595089B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101935224A (en) * | 2010-09-02 | 2011-01-05 | 吴江市液铸液压件铸造有限公司 | Coating for repairing front furnace of casting furnace |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100468448B1 (en) * | 2000-12-20 | 2005-01-29 | 주식회사 포스코 | Mg-Cr castable composition with residual expansion |
| JP6974759B2 (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2021-12-01 | 品川リフラクトリーズ株式会社 | Amorphous refractory for trowel coating |
| CN112374874A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-02-19 | 北京利尔高温材料股份有限公司 | Anti-seepage steel environment-friendly tundish fire clay, preparation method and construction method |
| CN116239394B (en) * | 2023-03-06 | 2024-01-23 | 燕山大学 | Method for regulating chemical foaming reaction rate in preparation of inorganic foaming heat-insulating material |
-
1996
- 1996-11-14 JP JP31872896A patent/JP3595089B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101935224A (en) * | 2010-09-02 | 2011-01-05 | 吴江市液铸液压件铸造有限公司 | Coating for repairing front furnace of casting furnace |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH10139556A (en) | 1998-05-26 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103930385B (en) | Pourable fire proofing composition | |
| CN102040386B (en) | Torpedo can spouting material and spouting method thereof | |
| US7166551B2 (en) | Monothilic refractory composition | |
| JP3595089B2 (en) | Cast refractory | |
| CN1827555A (en) | Non-oxide composite refractory materials for molten iron chute | |
| CN1184459A (en) | Application of Water-containing Refractory Ceramic Casting Slurry | |
| JP2874831B2 (en) | Refractory for pouring | |
| WO2003095391A1 (en) | Monothilic refractory composition | |
| JP3920950B2 (en) | Lance irregular refractory for hot metal pretreatment | |
| JPH11100280A (en) | Irregular refractories for tundish lining | |
| JPH06256064A (en) | Dense castable refractory low in water content and capable of being cast | |
| JPH09183674A (en) | Monolithic refractory for flowing-in working | |
| US20120252653A1 (en) | Setting agent accelerator for refractory material | |
| JP4034858B2 (en) | Indeterminate refractories for casting construction | |
| JP3148651B2 (en) | Hot spraying of dense amorphous refractories | |
| CN112552059A (en) | Steel ladle slag line repairing material | |
| JPH0952169A (en) | Refractory for tuyere of molten steel container | |
| JP3683306B2 (en) | Refractory for casting construction | |
| JP4783660B2 (en) | Coating material | |
| JP2965957B1 (en) | Amorphous refractory composition for wet spraying | |
| JP3659627B2 (en) | Wet spray construction method | |
| JP4878887B2 (en) | Components for low melting metal casting equipment | |
| JP2004307293A (en) | Monolithic refractory composition | |
| JPH10182247A (en) | Bond castable composition of non-slumping hydraulic transition alumina and working method using it | |
| JPH0465370A (en) | Pouring material for hot metal pretreatment vessels |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20040902 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20080910 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20080910 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090910 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090910 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100910 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110910 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110910 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120910 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120910 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130910 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |