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JP3599536B2 - Spherical body composed of crosslinked polymer and method for producing the same - Google Patents
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JP3599536B2 - Spherical body composed of crosslinked polymer and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Spherical body composed of crosslinked polymer and method for producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3599536B2
JP3599536B2 JP22752597A JP22752597A JP3599536B2 JP 3599536 B2 JP3599536 B2 JP 3599536B2 JP 22752597 A JP22752597 A JP 22752597A JP 22752597 A JP22752597 A JP 22752597A JP 3599536 B2 JP3599536 B2 JP 3599536B2
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crosslinked polymer
polymer particles
spherical body
organic binder
particle size
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JP22752597A
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JPH1160742A (en
Inventor
康一郎 田中
勉 奥山
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Kaneka Corp
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Kaneka Corp
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Priority to JP22752597A priority Critical patent/JP3599536B2/en
Application filed by Kaneka Corp filed Critical Kaneka Corp
Priority to DE1998635275 priority patent/DE69835275T2/en
Priority to PCT/JP1998/000015 priority patent/WO1998030620A1/en
Priority to US09/341,181 priority patent/US6599620B2/en
Priority to EP19980900162 priority patent/EP0955332B1/en
Priority to EP20060113221 priority patent/EP1693402A3/en
Publication of JPH1160742A publication Critical patent/JPH1160742A/en
Priority to US10/421,722 priority patent/US20030186041A1/en
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Publication of JP3599536B2 publication Critical patent/JP3599536B2/en
Priority to US11/938,212 priority patent/US7763348B2/en
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、非架橋重合体からなる有機結合剤で相互連結された架橋重合体からなる球状体に関し、さらに詳しくは、連結される架橋重合体粒子の粒径の制限が小さく、該架橋重合体粒子の表面が有機結合剤により覆われていない部分を有するため該粒子本来の機能を損なうことが少なく、該架橋重合体粒子の再利用が可能であるとともに、製造が容易な、架橋重合体からなる球状体及びその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
架橋重合体粒子で多孔質である粒子は、広い比表面積を有しており、この特性を利用する目的でクロマトグラフィー用充填剤、吸着剤、等に広く使用されており、従来より活発に開発されてきた。このような架橋重合体粒子を連結した連結体には、連結した架橋重合体粒子同士の間に微小の空間を現出させることができ、架橋重合体粒子単独では得られない様々な機能を発現することができる。架橋重合体粒子を相互に連結して実質的な球状体あるいは集合体として、該架橋重合体粒子同士の間に空隙があるような球状体あるいは集合体を作製する方法には、従来、以下のような技術がある。
【0003】
例えば、特開平9−25303には、架橋重合体粒子表面で単量体を重合して、粒子同士を重合反応により連結する方法が報告されている。即ち、架橋重合体粒子を単量体およびポリビニルアルコールなどを含む分散液に分散させ、該架橋重合体粒子に単量体を浸透させ、続いて上記単量体を重合させることにより、該架橋重合体粒子同士を連結させる方法である。
【0004】
しかし乍ら、上記の方法では重合過程において架橋重合体粒子を連結するため、重合という複雑な操作を必要とし、また連結できる架橋重合体粒子の粒径に制限(高々100μm)があり、更に架橋重合体粒子の全ての表面が覆われ、該粒子本来の機能が損なわれるという問題点があり、更にまた、使用後に連結体から架橋重合体粒子を再利用できないという問題点があった。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記の如く、架橋重合体粒子同士の間に微小の空間が有るような架橋重合体粒子の連結体に関して、(1)従来よりも簡便な操作により作製され、(2)連結された架橋重合体粒子の粒径に対する制限が従来よりも少なく、(3)架橋重合体粒子の表面が覆われていない部分があり、該粒子本来の機能を効果的に生かすことができ、(4)使用後に連結体から架橋重合体粒子を再利用できるような連結体が要請されている。
本発明は、かかる要請に応える連結体を提供するものである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
即ち、本発明の第1は、粒径が0.1μm〜10mmで粒径分布の標準偏差が平均粒径の100%以下である架橋重合体粒子から構成される、粒径が1μm〜100mmの球状体であって、下記の(A)〜(C)を満足することを特徴とする球状体を内容とする。
(A)架橋重合体粒子が非架橋重合体からなる有機結合剤を介して相互に連結されていること、
(B)架橋重合体粒子の表面に、有機結合剤で覆われることなく露出している部分が存在すること、
(C)連結された架橋重合体粒子同士の間に空隙が存在すること。
【0007】
本発明の第2は、粒径が0.1μm〜10mmで粒径分布の標準偏差が平均粒径の100%以下である架橋重合体粒子を、前記架橋重合体粒子を溶解せずかつ非架橋重合体からなる有機結合剤を溶解する有機溶媒に該有機結合剤を溶解した溶液に浸漬し、次いで攪拌しながら該有機溶媒を揮発させ、前記架橋重合体粒子表面に析出する該有機結合剤を介して前記架橋重合体粒子同士を連結することを特徴とする、架橋重合体からなる球状体の製造方法を内容とする。
【0008】
尚、本発明における球状体は実質的に球状体であればよく、ほぼ真球状のものの他に、短径/長径が0.7程度までの楕円状のものの回転体などの形状からなるものも包含する。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明における架橋重合体粒子を調製するための代表的な単量体としては、例えば、スチレン、α−メチルスチレン、クロロメチルスチレン、スチレンスルホン酸等のスチレン及びその誘導体;(メタ)アクリル酸メチル、(メタ)アクリル酸エチル、(メタ)アクリル酸ブチル、(メタ)アクリル酸ラウリル、(メタ)アクリル酸ステアリル、(メタ)アクリル酸スルホプロピル、(メタ)アクリル酸−2−スルホエチル、(メタ)アクリル酸ヒドロキシエチル、(メタ)アクリル酸ジメチルアミノエチル、(メタ)アクリル酸ポリエチレングリコール(エチレンオキサイドの重合度=2〜20)、(メタ)アクリル酸ヒドロキシプロピル、(メタ)アクリル酸ポリプロピレングリコール等のアクリル酸またはメタクリル酸〔以下、(メタ)アクリル酸と記す〕およびそのアルキルエステル誘導体;酢酸ビニル、ビニルピリジン及びその4級化物;2−アクリロイルアミノ−2−メチル−プロパンスルホン酸、2−アクリルアミド−2−プロパンスルホン酸、メタクリロイルオキシプロピルスルホン酸等のビニルスルホン酸;アクリロニトリル、メタクリロニトリル等のビニルシアン化合物;塩化ビニル、臭化ビニル等のハロゲン化ビニル;等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。これらの単量体は、単独あるいは2種以上組み合わせて用いられるが、ラジカル重合、アニオン重合、カチオン重合等のいずれの重合反応によっても重合体が作製可能であることからスチレンを単量体の1成分とするのが好ましい。これらの単量体は、架橋剤の存在下で公知の重合法により重合され架橋重合体とされる。
【0010】
単量体が塩の官能基を有する場合、例えば、カチオン性基に対しては塩酸、硫酸、燐酸、有機酸等が、アニオン性基に対してはアルカリ金属、アンモニア、低級アミン、アルカノールアミン等が対イオンとして使用され、これらは単独又は2種以上組み合わせて用いられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。
【0011】
架橋重合体粒子を作製するための架橋剤としては、例えば、ビニル基、水酸基、カルボキシル基、アミノ基、ピリジニウム基、エポキシ基、イソシアネート基、メルカプト基、アルデヒド基、酸クロライド基、酸アミド基等を有する多官能化合物が挙げられ、これらは単独又は2種以上組み合わせて用いることができる。その具体例として、例えば、ジビニルベンゼン、ジビニルトルエン、ジビニルキシレン、ジビニルナフタレン等の2個以上のビニル基を有する芳香族系化合物が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。尚、ビニル基を有する単量体との反応性の高さの点からジビニルベンゼンが好ましい。
【0012】
多孔質の架橋重合体粒子を得るには、例えば、単量体、架橋剤、および単量体の溶媒であって重合体の非溶媒である溶媒との混液の懸濁重合を行い、重合体の沈殿から非溶媒を除去することにより、そのゴーストを細孔とする方法がある。多孔質の架橋重合体粒子はクロマトグラフィーの充填剤、医療分野における各種吸着剤等の用途に好適である。
【0013】
本発明で使用する架橋重合体粒子は、粒径が0.1μm〜10mmの範囲、好ましくは1μm〜5mm、さらに好ましくは10μm〜1mm、である架橋重合体粒子である。0.1μm未満の粒径の架橋重合体粒子では、成形体を構成する架橋重合体粒子同士の間隙に有機結合剤が入り込み間隙を埋めてしまうため、本発明の目的とする球状体が得られない。また、10mmを越える粒径の架橋重合体粒子では、架橋重合体粒子の自重が大きいので、成形体を構成する架橋重合体粒子同士を有機結合剤で連結したまま保持することができないため、本発明の目的とする球状体が得られない。
【0014】
また、架橋重合体粒子の粒径分布は標準偏差が平均粒径の100%以下であり、好ましくは50%以下である。標準偏差が100%を越えると、連結した架橋重合体粒子同士の間の微小空間に、小さい架橋重合体粒子そのものが入り込み、微小空間の分布が不均一になるため、前記したような架橋重合体粒子単独では得られない、連結体特有の優れた機能を発現することができない。
【0015】
非架橋重合体からなる有機結合剤は、従来公知の重合体であり、該架橋重合体粒子用として例示した単量体からなる重合体の他に、例えば、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、及びそのケン化物或いはその塩素化物、ポリエチレン及びその塩素化物、ポリブタジエン、ポリイソプレン、スチレン−ブタジエン共重合体、ポリ塩化ビニル、塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル共重合体、ポリウレタン、ポリエチレン、ポリエチレンオキサイド、ポリスルホン、ポリアミド、ポリアミドイミド、ポリイミド、セルロース、酢酸セルロース、ニトロセルロース、キトサン及びその誘導体、メラミン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂及びその誘導体等が挙げられ、これらは単独又は2種以上組み合わせて用いられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。これらの共重合体の結合様式は、ランダム、ブロック或いはグラフト共重合体のいずれでもよい。
【0016】
上記架橋重合体粒子を溶解せず、かつ上記非架橋重合体からなる有機結合剤を溶解する有機溶媒としては、例えば、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン等のケトン誘導体;酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、炭酸エチル等のエステル誘導体;ジエチルエーテル等のエーテル誘導体;トルエン、キシレン、ベンゼン、クロロベンゼン、ジエチルベンゼン、ドデシルベンゼン等の芳香族炭化水素誘導体;ピリジン等の複素環化合物誘導体;ヘキサン、ヘプタン、オクタン、デカン、シクロヘキサン等の飽和炭化水素誘導体;塩化メチレン、クロロホルム、四塩化炭素、塩化エチレン等のアルキルハライド誘導体;イソアミルアルコール、ヘキシルアルコール、オクチルアルコール等のアルコール誘導体;その他、例えば1−ニトロプロパン、ジオキサン、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジエチルチオホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、テトラメチレンスルホキシド、アセトニトリル、ヒドロキシアセトニトリル、フマロニトリル、シアノ酢酸、酢酸、ギ酸、炭酸エチレン、炭酸プロピレン、シュウ酸エチレン、γ−ブチロラクトン、メチレンジイソシアネート、テトラヒドロフラン、二硫化炭素、等が挙げられる。これらは単独又は2種以上組み合わせて用いられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。その使用量は何ら限定されないが、有機溶媒量が余り多くなると、浸漬後、揮発させるのに長時間を必要とするので、架橋重合体粒子の沈降体積の1〜3倍程度の体積が好ましい。
【0017】
次に、本発明の球状体を製造するための代表的な製造例を説明する。
本発明の球状体は、例えば、次のI〜III の一連の工程により製造される。
工程〔I〕
粒径が0.1μm〜10mmで粒径分布の標準偏差が平均粒径の100%以下である架橋重合体粒子同士を、上記架橋重合体粒子を溶解せずかつ非架橋重合体からなる有機結合剤を溶解する有機溶媒に該有機結合剤を溶解した溶液に浸漬させる工程。
工程〔II〕
上記工程〔I〕の後、攪拌しながら該有機溶媒を徐々に揮発させる工程。
工程〔III 〕
該有機溶媒が揮発して少なくなり、該架橋重合体粒子同士の表面に析出した該有機結合剤を介して該架橋重合体粒子同士を連結させると同時に、攪拌の過程で上記連結体を、剪断、転動、圧密作用等により、実質的な球状体とする工程。
【0018】
尚、架橋重合体粒子、非架橋重合体からなる有機結合剤、及び、架橋重合体粒子を溶解せずかつ非架橋重合体からなる有機結合剤を溶解する有機溶媒の種類や量を適宜選択することにより、所望の連結強度を有する球状体や、所望の程度に、架橋重合体粒子の表面に有機結合剤で覆われないで露出している部分を有する球状体を得ることができる。
【0019】
以上の如くして、本発明の、架橋重合体粒子が連結された球状体が得られるが、本発明の球状体は、下記の如き特徴を満足する。
第1に、本発明の球状体は、連結された架橋重合体粒子の粒径に対する制限が従来方法に比べて小さいという点である。即ち、本発明の球状体は、粒径が0.1μm〜10mmで粒径分布の標準偏差が平均粒径の100%以下である架橋重合体粒子を連結することによって作製できるが、従来、このような広い粒径範囲の架橋重合体粒子に対して、同一の原理で球状体が作製された例は報告されていない。
【0020】
第2に、本発明の球状体は、架橋重合体粒子の表面に有機結合剤で覆われていない部分を有するという点で、従来の球状体と本質的に異なっている。即ち、有機結合剤の量を適当に選ぶことにより、有機結合剤を架橋重合体粒子の間隙のみに分布させることができ、また架橋重合体粒子表面に所望の程度に被覆させ(又は露出させ)ることが可能である。これにより、架橋重合体粒子が本来有する機能を損なうことなく、有効に発揮することの可能な新規球状体を提供することができる。また、架橋重合体粒子が多孔質である場合には、表面の多孔質構造が覆われることなく露出する部分を有するので、多孔質構造の物質吸着機能等がそのまま保持、発揮される効果がある。
【0021】
第3に、本発明の球状体は、連結体から架橋重合体粒子を再利用できるという点で従来の球状体よりも優れている。従来の球状体は、使用後、そのままの形態で捨てざるを得なかったが、本発明の球状体は、使用した有機結合剤が球状体作製の過程で使用した有機溶媒に溶けるので、球状体の使用後、球状体からもとの架橋重合体粒子を再生し再利用することができる。
【0022】
本発明の球状体は、上記の如き優れた特徴を有するので広汎な分野で使用され得る。例えば、分析化学の分野において、液体クロマトグラフィーの充填剤、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィーの充填剤として使用可能である。特に、架橋重合体粒子が連結された本発明の球状体は、架橋重合体粒子間に空隙があるので、粒子内に対流を生じるパーフュージョン型として用いることができる。即ち、本発明の球状体と同じ粒径を持つ単一の架橋重合体粒子を充填したクロマトグラフィーシステムを用いて溶質を分離精製する場合に比べて、より短時間での溶質の分離精製が可能である。
【0023】
本発明による球状体は、また体外循環療法を使用する医療の分野において、体外循環療法システムの吸着剤として利用することができる。病因物質である溶質と親和性のある物質が、元の架橋重合体粒子にあってもよいし、また架橋重合体粒子を結合した球状体に、溶質に親和性のある物質を固定してもよい。更に、本発明の球状体に官能基を有する物質を被覆した後、溶質に親和性のある物質を固定してもよい。病因物質としては例えば、低密度リポタンパク質、エンドトキシン、β2−ミクログロブリン、腫瘍壊死因子−α、などが挙げられるが、これらのみに限定されるものではない。病因物質である溶質と親和性のある物質としては、例えば、スルホン酸基など陰性荷電の基、アミノ基などの陽性荷電の基、アルキル基などの疎水性の基などが挙げられるが、病因物質と親和性のある物質であれば、これらのみに限定されるものではない。本発明の球状体はパーフュージョン型の特性を持つことから、体外循環療法の施行時間の短縮が期待できる。本発明の球状体は、粒径が1μm〜100mmであり、従来までの大きくても高々50μm程度のパーフュージョン型の粒子と比べて非常に広い粒径範囲が実現でき、クロマトグラフィー粒子充填層の個々の粒子内の流れに関する詳細な研究等に活用できる。
【0024】
【実施例】
次に実施例を挙げて本発明を更に具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらのみに限定されるものではない。
【0025】
実施例1
架橋重合体粒子として、三菱化学株式会社製ジビニルベンゼン架橋ポリスチレン担体HP21〔合成吸着剤ダイヤイオン(登録商標)HP21〕を用いた。このHP21を室温乾燥させた後、標準ふるいで分級し、粒径が350〜425μmで粒径分布の標準偏差が平均粒径の29%の粒子を用いた。有機結合剤として、スタイロン(登録商標)(旭化成ポリスチレン、品種=G8102、色番=K27、粒度=71)を用いた。架橋重合体粒子を溶解せずかつ有機結合剤を溶解する有機溶媒として、メチルエチルケトンを用いた。
【0026】
前記HP21の16.6gを、直径5cmの100mlビーカーの中に入れ、ビーカーの底に接するように配置した3枚羽根の攪拌羽根(直径4.9cm)を挿入して混合攪拌機(東京理化器械株式会社 EYELA D.C. STIRRER DCL−RT、TYPE DCL−2RT) を用いて攪拌した。回転数は50rpm とした。上記の攪拌造粒の過程で生じる粗大な成形体を破砕、整形する目的で、500rpm での攪拌を1分間行った。攪拌羽根の回転数は、上記混合攪拌機に接続したスライダック(YAMABISHI ELECTRIC CO. LTD、BS−130−100MC) で制御した。
【0027】
次に、攪拌を行いながら、スタイロンのメチルエチルケトン溶液(13mg/ml)を31ml添加した。ドラフトでの吸気及びドライヤー(冷風)の使用により、攪拌を続けながら、メチルエチルケトンの除去を行った。このようにして作製した球状体の収率は約5重量%だった。球状体は堅く、指で押さえても壊れなかった。
【0028】
得られた球状体の粒子構造を示す光学顕微鏡〔SMZ−10(Nikon社製)〕写真を図1に示した。球状体を導電性テープで試料台に固定し、金/パラジウムで蒸着した。その球状体の表面の走査型電子顕微鏡〔ABT−32(TOPCON社製)〕写真を図2に示す。図2から明かなように、球状体の表面には、有機結合剤の部分とHP21の表面の2つの状態が観察された。即ち、有機結合剤で覆われることなく露出した状態で残っている該架橋重合体粒子の表面部分が存在することが確認された。また、該球状体を切断した断面において、該架橋重合体粒子同士の間に空隙があることが確認され、更に、切断した結果現れた断面に、隣り合った架橋重合体粒子の連結部分に有機結合剤の存在が確認された。以上により、球状体の表面及び断面において、架橋重合体粒子同士の間に空隙があることが確認された。
【0029】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、架橋重合体粒子同士を有機結合剤を介して相互に連結することによって、連結される架橋重合体粒子の粒径の制限が小さく、また該粒子の表面が有機結合剤で覆われないで露出した部分を有するという構造的な特徴を有する新規な球状体を容易に得ることができる。
また、本発明の球状体は上記の如き構造的特徴を有するので、架橋重合体粒子の機能を損なうことなく有効に発揮させることができ、クロマトグラフィー用充填剤、体外循環法システム等医療分野における各種吸着剤等として有用である。更に、本発明の球状体は有機結合剤を溶出することにより元の架橋重合体粒子に再生・利用することも可能である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】実施例1で得られた球状体の粒子構造を示す光学顕微鏡写真(12倍)である。
【図2】実施例1で得られた球状体の粒子構造を示す走査型電子顕微鏡写真(200倍)である。
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a spherical body composed of a crosslinked polymer interconnected by an organic binder composed of a non-crosslinked polymer, and more particularly, the particle size of the linked crosslinked polymer particles is small, and Since the surface of the particles has a portion that is not covered with the organic binder, the function of the particles is less likely to be impaired, and the crosslinked polymer particles can be reused and easily manufactured. And a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Porous crosslinked polymer particles have a large specific surface area and are widely used in chromatography fillers, adsorbents, etc. to take advantage of this property, and have been actively developed. It has been. In such a linked body of crosslinked polymer particles, a minute space can appear between the linked crosslinked polymer particles, and various functions that cannot be obtained by the crosslinked polymer particles alone are exhibited. can do. As a method of preparing a spherical body or aggregate such that crosslinked polymer particles are interconnected as a substantially spherical body or aggregate, and there are voids between the crosslinked polymer particles, the following methods are conventionally used. There are such technologies.
[0003]
For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-25303 reports a method in which a monomer is polymerized on the surface of a crosslinked polymer particle and the particles are connected to each other by a polymerization reaction. That is, the crosslinked polymer particles are dispersed in a dispersion liquid containing a monomer and polyvinyl alcohol, and the monomer is penetrated into the crosslinked polymer particles. This is a method of connecting the united particles.
[0004]
However, in the above-mentioned method, since the crosslinked polymer particles are connected in the polymerization process, a complicated operation of polymerization is required, and the particle size of the crosslinked polymer particles that can be connected is limited (at most 100 μm). There is a problem that the entire surface of the polymer particles is covered and the original function of the particles is impaired, and further, there is a problem that the crosslinked polymer particles cannot be reused from the linked body after use.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, with respect to a linked body of crosslinked polymer particles in which a minute space exists between the crosslinked polymer particles, (1) a crosslinked polymer produced by a simpler operation than in the past, and (2) a linked crosslinked polymer (3) there is a portion where the surface of the crosslinked polymer particle is not covered, the original function of the particle can be effectively utilized, and (4) connection after use There is a demand for a conjugate that allows the crosslinked polymer particles to be reused from the body.
The present invention provides a connector that meets such a demand.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the first aspect of the present invention is a crosslinked polymer particle having a particle size of 0.1 μm to 10 mm and a standard deviation of the particle size distribution of 100% or less of the average particle size, and a particle size of 1 μm to 100 mm. A spherical body characterized by satisfying the following (A) to (C) is described.
(A) that the crosslinked polymer particles are interconnected via an organic binder composed of a non-crosslinked polymer,
(B) that the surface of the crosslinked polymer particles has a portion that is exposed without being covered with the organic binder;
(C) A gap exists between the linked crosslinked polymer particles.
[0007]
A second aspect of the present invention is to form a crosslinked polymer particle having a particle size of 0.1 μm to 10 mm and a standard deviation of the particle size distribution of 100% or less of the average particle size without dissolving the crosslinked polymer particle and performing non-crosslinking. Immerse the organic binder in a solution in which the organic binder is dissolved in an organic solvent in which the organic binder is dissolved, and then volatilize the organic solvent with stirring, and deposit the organic binder on the surface of the crosslinked polymer particles. And a method for producing a spherical body composed of a crosslinked polymer, characterized in that the crosslinked polymer particles are connected to each other through an intermediary.
[0008]
The spherical body in the present invention may be a substantially spherical body, and in addition to an almost spherical shape, a shape such as an elliptical rotating body having a minor axis / major axis up to about 0.7 may be used. Include.
[0009]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Representative monomers for preparing the crosslinked polymer particles in the present invention include, for example, styrene such as styrene, α-methylstyrene, chloromethylstyrene, and styrenesulfonic acid and derivatives thereof; methyl (meth) acrylate , Ethyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, lauryl (meth) acrylate, stearyl (meth) acrylate, sulfopropyl (meth) acrylate, 2-sulfoethyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) Such as hydroxyethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol (meth) acrylate (polymerization degree of ethylene oxide = 2 to 20), hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, polypropylene glycol (meth) acrylate, etc. Acrylic acid or methacrylic acid [hereinafter, (meth Acrylic acid] and its alkyl ester derivatives; vinyl acetate, vinyl pyridine and quaternary compounds thereof; 2-acryloylamino-2-methyl-propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-propanesulfonic acid, methacryloyloxypropylsulfonic acid Vinyl sulfonic acids such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile; vinyl halides such as vinyl chloride and vinyl bromide; and the like, but are not limited thereto. These monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more. However, since a polymer can be produced by any polymerization reaction such as radical polymerization, anionic polymerization, or cationic polymerization, styrene is used as one of the monomers. Preferably, it is a component. These monomers are polymerized by a known polymerization method in the presence of a crosslinking agent to form a crosslinked polymer.
[0010]
When the monomer has a salt functional group, for example, for a cationic group, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, an organic acid, etc., and for an anionic group, an alkali metal, ammonia, a lower amine, an alkanolamine, etc. Is used as a counter ion, and these are used alone or in combination of two or more, but are not limited thereto.
[0011]
Examples of the crosslinking agent for producing the crosslinked polymer particles include, for example, vinyl group, hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, amino group, pyridinium group, epoxy group, isocyanate group, mercapto group, aldehyde group, acid chloride group, acid amide group, etc. And these can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Specific examples thereof include, but are not limited to, aromatic compounds having two or more vinyl groups such as divinylbenzene, divinyltoluene, divinylxylene, and divinylnaphthalene. Incidentally, divinylbenzene is preferred from the viewpoint of high reactivity with a monomer having a vinyl group.
[0012]
To obtain porous cross-linked polymer particles, for example, a monomer, a cross-linking agent, and suspension polymerization of a mixed solution with a solvent that is a solvent of the monomer and a non-solvent of the polymer, There is a method in which a non-solvent is removed from the precipitate to make the ghost a pore. The porous crosslinked polymer particles are suitable for use as a filler for chromatography and various adsorbents in the medical field.
[0013]
The crosslinked polymer particles used in the present invention have a particle size in the range of 0.1 μm to 10 mm, preferably 1 μm to 5 mm, and more preferably 10 μm to 1 mm. In the case of the crosslinked polymer particles having a particle diameter of less than 0.1 μm, the organic binder enters the gaps between the crosslinked polymer particles constituting the molded article and fills the gaps, so that the spherical body intended for the present invention is obtained. Absent. In the case of crosslinked polymer particles having a particle size exceeding 10 mm, the crosslinked polymer particles have a large own weight, so that the crosslinked polymer particles constituting the molded article cannot be held connected with an organic binder. A spherical body intended for the invention cannot be obtained.
[0014]
The standard deviation of the particle size distribution of the crosslinked polymer particles is 100% or less of the average particle size, preferably 50% or less. If the standard deviation exceeds 100%, the small crosslinked polymer particles themselves enter the minute spaces between the linked crosslinked polymer particles, and the distribution of the minute spaces becomes non-uniform. An excellent function unique to the conjugate, which cannot be obtained by the particles alone, cannot be exhibited.
[0015]
The organic binder composed of a non-crosslinked polymer is a conventionally known polymer.In addition to the polymer composed of the monomers exemplified for the crosslinked polymer particles, for example, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and The saponified product or its chlorinated product, polyethylene and its chlorinated product, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, styrene-butadiene copolymer, polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyurethane, polyethylene, polyethylene oxide, polysulfone, polyamide, Polyamide imide, polyimide, cellulose, cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, chitosan and its derivatives, melamine resin, epoxy resin and its derivatives, and the like, which are used alone or in combination of two or more, but are not limited thereto is not. The bonding mode of these copolymers may be random, block or graft copolymer.
[0016]
Examples of the organic solvent that does not dissolve the crosslinked polymer particles and dissolves the organic binder composed of the non-crosslinked polymer include ketone derivatives such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and cyclohexanone; methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, Ester derivatives such as ethyl carbonate; ether derivatives such as diethyl ether; aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives such as toluene, xylene, benzene, chlorobenzene, diethylbenzene and dodecylbenzene; heterocyclic compound derivatives such as pyridine; hexane, heptane, octane, decane; Saturated hydrocarbon derivatives such as cyclohexane; alkyl halide derivatives such as methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and ethylene chloride; alcohol derivatives such as isoamyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, octyl alcohol; Lopropane, dioxane, dimethylformamide, diethylthioformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, tetramethylenesulfoxide, acetonitrile, hydroxyacetonitrile, fumaronitrile, cyanoacetic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethylene oxalate, γ-butyrolactone, methylene diisocyanate, tetrahydrofuran , Carbon disulfide, and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more, but are not limited thereto. The use amount is not limited at all, but if the amount of the organic solvent is too large, it takes a long time to volatilize after immersion. Therefore, the volume is preferably about 1 to 3 times the settling volume of the crosslinked polymer particles.
[0017]
Next, a typical production example for producing the spherical body of the present invention will be described.
The spherical body of the present invention is produced, for example, by the following series of steps I to III.
Step [I]
A crosslinked polymer particle having a particle size of 0.1 μm to 10 mm and a standard deviation of the particle size distribution of 100% or less of the average particle size is formed by an organic bond comprising a non-crosslinked polymer which does not dissolve the crosslinked polymer particle. Immersing the organic binder in a solution in which the organic binder is dissolved in an organic solvent in which the agent is dissolved.
Step [II]
After the above step [I], a step of gradually volatilizing the organic solvent with stirring.
Step [III]
The organic solvent is volatilized and reduced, and the crosslinked polymer particles are connected to each other via the organic binder precipitated on the surface of the crosslinked polymer particles. Forming a substantially spherical body by rolling, consolidation, or the like.
[0018]
The type and amount of the crosslinked polymer particles, the organic binder composed of the non-crosslinked polymer, and the organic solvent that does not dissolve the crosslinked polymer particles and dissolves the organic binder composed of the noncrosslinked polymer are appropriately selected. In this way, a spherical body having a desired connection strength or a spherical body having, to a desired extent, a portion that is exposed on the surface of the crosslinked polymer particle without being covered with the organic binder can be obtained.
[0019]
As described above, the spherical body of the present invention in which the crosslinked polymer particles are connected is obtained. The spherical body of the present invention satisfies the following characteristics.
First, the spherical body of the present invention has a smaller limitation on the particle size of the linked crosslinked polymer particles than the conventional method. That is, the spherical body of the present invention can be produced by connecting crosslinked polymer particles having a particle diameter of 0.1 μm to 10 mm and a standard deviation of the particle diameter distribution of 100% or less of the average particle diameter. No example has been reported in which a spherical body was produced on the same principle for the crosslinked polymer particles having such a wide particle size range.
[0020]
Second, the spheroid of the present invention is essentially different from the conventional spheroid in that the surface of the crosslinked polymer particle has a portion not covered with the organic binder. That is, by appropriately selecting the amount of the organic binder, the organic binder can be distributed only in the spaces between the crosslinked polymer particles, and the organic binder can be coated (or exposed) to a desired extent on the surface of the crosslinked polymer particles. It is possible to Thereby, it is possible to provide a novel spherical body that can be effectively used without impairing the function inherent in the crosslinked polymer particle. Further, when the crosslinked polymer particles are porous, since the surface has a portion that is exposed without being covered with the porous structure, there is an effect that the substance adsorption function or the like of the porous structure is retained and exhibited as it is. .
[0021]
Third, the spherical body of the present invention is superior to the conventional spherical body in that the crosslinked polymer particles can be reused from the linked body. Conventional spherical bodies had to be discarded as they are after use, but the spherical bodies of the present invention are used in the organic solvent used in the process of producing the spherical bodies, and the spherical bodies used in the present invention are spherical bodies. After use, the original crosslinked polymer particles can be regenerated and reused from the spheres.
[0022]
The spherical body of the present invention has excellent characteristics as described above and can be used in a wide variety of fields. For example, in the field of analytical chemistry, it can be used as a packing material for liquid chromatography and a packing material for gel permeation chromatography. In particular, the spherical body of the present invention in which the crosslinked polymer particles are connected can be used as a perfusion type in which convection occurs in the particles because there are voids between the crosslinked polymer particles. That is, solute separation and purification can be performed in a shorter time than when a solute is separated and purified using a chromatography system packed with a single crosslinked polymer particle having the same particle size as the spherical body of the present invention. It is.
[0023]
The spheroids according to the present invention can also be used as an adsorbent for an extracorporeal circulation therapy system in the field of medicine using extracorporeal circulation therapy. A substance having an affinity for a solute that is a pathogenic substance may be present in the original crosslinked polymer particles, or a substance having an affinity for the solute may be immobilized on a spherical body to which the crosslinked polymer particles are bonded. Good. Further, after the spherical body of the present invention is coated with a substance having a functional group, a substance having an affinity for a solute may be fixed. Pathogenic agents include, but are not limited to, low density lipoprotein, endotoxin, β2-microglobulin, tumor necrosis factor-α, and the like. Examples of the substance having an affinity for the solute that is the pathogen include a negatively charged group such as a sulfonic acid group, a positively charged group such as an amino group, and a hydrophobic group such as an alkyl group. The substance is not limited to these as long as it is a substance having an affinity for. Since the spheroid of the present invention has a perfusion-type characteristic, it can be expected to reduce the time required for performing extracorporeal circulation therapy. The spherical body of the present invention has a particle size of 1 μm to 100 mm, and can realize a very wide particle size range as compared with a conventional perfusion type particle of at most about 50 μm. It can be used for detailed research on the flow in individual particles.
[0024]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0025]
Example 1
As a crosslinked polymer particle, divinylbenzene crosslinked polystyrene carrier HP21 [Synthetic adsorbent Diaion (registered trademark) HP21] manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation was used. After drying this HP21 at room temperature, it was classified with a standard sieve, and particles having a particle diameter of 350 to 425 μm and a standard deviation of the particle diameter distribution of 29% of the average particle diameter were used. Stylon (registered trademark) (Asahi Kasei Polystyrene, product type: G8102, color number: K27, particle size: 71) was used as the organic binder. Methyl ethyl ketone was used as an organic solvent that did not dissolve the crosslinked polymer particles and dissolve the organic binder.
[0026]
16.6 g of the HP21 was placed in a 100 ml beaker having a diameter of 5 cm, and three blade stirring blades (4.9 cm in diameter) arranged so as to be in contact with the bottom of the beaker were inserted into the mixing stirrer (Tokyo Rika Instruments Co., Ltd.) (EYELA DC STIRRR DCL-RT, TYPE DCL-2RT). The rotation speed was 50 rpm. For the purpose of crushing and shaping a coarse molded product generated in the course of the stirring granulation, stirring was performed at 500 rpm for 1 minute. The number of rotations of the stirring blade was controlled by a sliding machine (YAMABISHI ELECTRIC CO. LTD, BS-130-100MC) connected to the mixing stirrer.
[0027]
Next, 31 ml of a stylon solution of methyl ethyl ketone (13 mg / ml) was added while stirring. Methyl ethyl ketone was removed while the stirring was continued by suction in the draft and use of a dryer (cold air). The yield of the spheres thus produced was about 5% by weight. The sphere was firm and did not break when pressed with a finger.
[0028]
An optical microscope [SMZ-10 (manufactured by Nikon)] photograph showing the particle structure of the obtained spherical body is shown in FIG. The sphere was fixed on a sample stage with conductive tape, and evaporated with gold / palladium. FIG. 2 shows a scanning electron microscope [ABT-32 (manufactured by TOPCON)] photograph of the surface of the spherical body. As is clear from FIG. 2, two states of the organic binder portion and the surface of HP21 were observed on the surface of the spherical body. That is, it was confirmed that there was a surface portion of the crosslinked polymer particles remaining in an exposed state without being covered with the organic binder. Further, in the cross section obtained by cutting the spherical body, it was confirmed that there was a gap between the crosslinked polymer particles, and further, in the cross section that appeared as a result of cutting, an organic portion was formed in the connecting portion of the adjacent crosslinked polymer particles. The presence of the binder was confirmed. From the above, it was confirmed that there were voids between the crosslinked polymer particles on the surface and cross section of the spherical body.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, by restricting the crosslinked polymer particles to each other via an organic binder, the restriction on the particle size of the crosslinked polymer particles to be connected is small, and the surface of the particles is an organic binder. A novel sphere having the structural feature of having an uncovered and exposed portion can be easily obtained.
In addition, since the spherical body of the present invention has the above-mentioned structural characteristics, it can be effectively exerted without impairing the function of the crosslinked polymer particles, and is used in the medical field such as a filler for chromatography and an extracorporeal circulation method system. It is useful as various adsorbents. Further, the spherical body of the present invention can be regenerated and reused as the original crosslinked polymer particles by eluting the organic binder.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an optical micrograph (× 12) showing a particle structure of a sphere obtained in Example 1.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph (× 200) showing the particle structure of the spherical body obtained in Example 1.

Claims (6)

粒径が0.1μm〜10mmで粒径分布の標準偏差が平均粒径の100%以下である架橋重合体粒子から構成される、粒径が1μm〜100mmの球状体であって、下記の(A)〜(C)を満足することを特徴とする球状体。
(A)架橋重合体粒子が非架橋重合体からなる有機結合剤を介して相互に連結されていること、
(B)架橋重合体粒子の表面に、有機結合剤で覆われることなく露出している部分が存在すること、
(C)連結された架橋重合体粒子同士の間に空隙が存在すること。
A spherical body having a particle diameter of 1 μm to 100 mm, which is composed of crosslinked polymer particles having a particle diameter of 0.1 μm to 10 mm and a standard deviation of the particle diameter distribution being 100% or less of the average particle diameter. A spherical body which satisfies A) to (C).
(A) that the crosslinked polymer particles are interconnected via an organic binder composed of a non-crosslinked polymer,
(B) that the surface of the crosslinked polymer particles has a portion that is exposed without being covered with the organic binder;
(C) A gap exists between the linked crosslinked polymer particles.
架橋重合体粒子が多孔質である請求項1記載の球状体。The spherical body according to claim 1, wherein the crosslinked polymer particles are porous. 架橋重合体粒子がスチレンを単量体の1成分とする架橋重合体からなる請求項1又は2記載の球状体。The spherical body according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the crosslinked polymer particles comprise a crosslinked polymer containing styrene as one component of a monomer. 架橋重合体粒子がジビニルベンゼンを架橋剤の1成分とする架橋重合体からなる請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の球状体。The spherical body according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the crosslinked polymer particles comprise a crosslinked polymer containing divinylbenzene as one component of a crosslinking agent. 有機結合剤がスチレンを単量体とする非架橋重合体からなる請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の球状体。The spherical body according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the organic binder is a non-crosslinked polymer containing styrene as a monomer. 粒径が0.1μm〜10mmで粒径分布の標準偏差が平均粒径の100%以下である架橋重合体粒子を、前記架橋重合体粒子を溶解せずかつ非架橋重合体からなる有機結合剤を溶解する有機溶媒に該有機結合剤を溶解した溶液に浸漬し、次いで攪拌しながら該有機溶媒を揮発させ、前記架橋重合体粒子表面に析出する該有機結合剤を介して前記架橋重合体粒子同士を連結することを特徴とする、架橋重合体からなる球状体の製造方法。A crosslinked polymer particle having a particle size of 0.1 μm to 10 mm and a standard deviation of the particle size distribution of 100% or less of the average particle size is converted into an organic binder which does not dissolve the crosslinked polymer particle and is made of a non-crosslinked polymer. Is immersed in a solution in which the organic binder is dissolved in an organic solvent in which the organic binder is dissolved, and then the organic solvent is volatilized while stirring, and the crosslinked polymer particles are precipitated through the organic binder precipitated on the surface of the crosslinked polymer particles. A method for producing a spherical body comprising a crosslinked polymer, wherein the spherical bodies are connected to each other.
JP22752597A 1997-01-07 1997-08-07 Spherical body composed of crosslinked polymer and method for producing the same Expired - Fee Related JP3599536B2 (en)

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JP22752597A JP3599536B2 (en) 1997-08-07 1997-08-07 Spherical body composed of crosslinked polymer and method for producing the same
PCT/JP1998/000015 WO1998030620A1 (en) 1997-01-07 1998-01-07 Cellulosic particles, spherical object comprising cross-linked polymer particles, and adsorbent for body fluid purification
US09/341,181 US6599620B2 (en) 1997-01-07 1998-01-07 Cellulosic particles, spherical object comprising cross-linked polymer particles, and adsorbent for body fluid purification
EP19980900162 EP0955332B1 (en) 1997-01-07 1998-01-07 Adsorbent for body fluid purification
DE1998635275 DE69835275T2 (en) 1997-01-07 1998-01-07 ABSORBENT FOR CLEANING BODY FLUIDS
EP20060113221 EP1693402A3 (en) 1997-01-07 1998-01-07 Cellulosic particles, spherical object comprising cross-linked polymer particles, and adsorbent for body fluid purification
US10/421,722 US20030186041A1 (en) 1997-01-07 2003-04-24 Cellulosic particles, spherical object comprising cross-linked polymer particles, and adsorbent for body fluid purification
US11/938,212 US7763348B2 (en) 1997-01-07 2007-11-09 Cellulosic particles, spherical object comprising cross-linked polymer particles, and adsorbent for body fluid purification

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