Deprecated: The each() function is deprecated. This message will be suppressed on further calls in /home/zhenxiangba/zhenxiangba.com/public_html/phproxy-improved-master/index.php on line 456
JP3603543B2 - Image displacement analysis method - Google Patents
[go: Go Back, main page]

JP3603543B2 - Image displacement analysis method - Google Patents

Image displacement analysis method Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP3603543B2
JP3603543B2 JP14893297A JP14893297A JP3603543B2 JP 3603543 B2 JP3603543 B2 JP 3603543B2 JP 14893297 A JP14893297 A JP 14893297A JP 14893297 A JP14893297 A JP 14893297A JP 3603543 B2 JP3603543 B2 JP 3603543B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
image
images
variation
gain
displacement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP14893297A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH10339607A (en
Inventor
るり子 常田
博司 柿林
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Ltd
Original Assignee
Hitachi Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Ltd
Priority to JP14893297A priority Critical patent/JP3603543B2/en
Publication of JPH10339607A publication Critical patent/JPH10339607A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3603543B2 publication Critical patent/JP3603543B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Landscapes

  • Image Input (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)
  • Image Analysis (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Length-Measuring Devices Using Wave Or Particle Radiation (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
画像間の位置ずれ量を各画像の強度分布から解析する方法であって、画像検出器による雑音の影響を除去する技術に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
画像間の位置ずれ量を計算機で解析する場合、ウルトラマイクロスコピー 第40巻 89−107(Ultramicroscopy ,Vol.40,1992,pp.89−107)記載の様に、画像演算に相互相関関数を利用する場合が多い。位置ずれD=(dx,dy)のある2枚の画像の強度をA(i,j)とB(i,j)=A(i−dx,j− dy)(i=1,…,n.j=1,…,m)とすると、A(i,j)とB(i,j)の相互相関関数G(k,l)(k=−n/2,…,n/2,j=−m/2,…,m/2)はG(dx,dy)で最大値を持つことを利用し、D=(dx,dy)を特定する。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記位置ずれ解析法は画像に含まれる雑音の影響を考慮していない。多数の画素から構成される画像検出器、例えばCCDでは、各画素のゲインにばらつきがある。試料のコントラストよりもゲインのばらつきによるコントラストが大きい画像の相互相関関数を計算すると、相互相関関数の原点G(0,0)にδ的なピークが発生する。なぜならG(0,0)では画像ペアにおけるゲインのばらつきが一致した状態でGを計算するが、その他のG(k≠0,l≠0)では画像ペアにおけるゲインのばらつきが異なる状態でGを計算するからである。計算機がアーティファクトであるδ的なピークを相互相関関数の最大値であると誤認識してしまうと、位置ずれは正しく特定されない。本発明の目的はこのアーティファクトを自動的に除去することである。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
ゲインのばらつきによるアーティファクトは相互相関関数の原点にしか発生しないので、原点の強度を近接データの補間値で置き換えることによってアーティファクトは除去できる。この処理は人の判断を必要としないので、計算機内で自動的に行える。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
透過電子顕微鏡(以下略してTEM)では試料ドリフトの測定やその他の光学パラメータの解析において、2枚の画像間の位置ずれ量を測定する場合がある。各TEM像をslow−scanCCD等のデジタルカメラで検出し、計算機に送信し、位置ずれ量を解析する。計算機で位置ずれ量を解析する場合、2枚の画像の演算結果、例えば相互相関関数から特定する場合が多い。特徴点の移動などで位置ずれを判断する方法は、特徴点の選択等で人の判断を必要とするため全自動では行えず、また特徴点の選択に測定精度が大きく依存するため任意の試料構造に適用できないからである。
【0006】
まず、画像の強度分布から位置ずれ量を解析する方法を示す。図1に示す様に、位置ずれD=(dx,dy)のある2枚の画像1をA(i,j)とB(i,j)=A(i−dx,j−dy)(i=1,…,n.j=1,…,m)と仮定する。A(i,j)とB(i+k,j+l)の積G(k,l)の総和を画像間の位置 (k,l)を変化させながら計算する。つまり画像ペアの相互相関関数2を計算する。
【0007】
【数1】

Figure 0003603543
【0008】
相互相関関数2は画像ペア1の強度分布が一致すると最大値を持つ。つまり相互相関関数2は、
【0009】
【数2】
Figure 0003603543
【0010】
で最大値を持つ。従って相互相関関数の最大値の位置(dx,dy)から位置ずれD=(dx,dy)を特定できる。
【0011】
相互相関関数の最大値の他にも、A(i,j)とB(i+k,j+l)の差の絶対値の総和
【0012】
【数3】
Figure 0003603543
【0013】
が最小となる位置を用いたり、A(i,j)とB(i+k,j+l)の差の二乗の総和
【0014】
【数4】
Figure 0003603543
【0015】
が最小となる位置を用いても良い。
【0016】
ここで画像ペア1に混入したノイズの影響を考察する。CCDは少なくとも数100×数100の画素から構成されているため、各画素にゲインのばらつきがある。そのためTEM像にはゲインのばらつきによるノイズが混入する。CCDに一定強度の電子線を照射してゲインのばらつきR(i,j)を測定し、ゲインのばらつきR(i,j)で測定される画像A(i,j)を割って強度を補正する試みもあるが、完全に補正することは難しい。
【0017】
ゲインのばらつきによるコントラストが強調される例として、対物絞り無しにおけるTEM観察があげられる。通常のTEM像を撮影するときは、対物絞りを挿入して像コントラストを強調させている。しかし試料挿入直後など、試料観察中には対物絞り無しで観察する場合もある。絞り無しの像では、試料のコントラストが非常に低いがCCDに照射する電子線量は非常に多くなるためゲインのばらつきによるコントラストが非常に強調される。
【0018】
試料のコントラストに対してゲインのばらつきによるコントラストが大きい場合、画像ペアの相互相関関数を計算すると原点にδ的なピーク、つまり大きさは有限であるが幅が1画素であるピークが発生する。このアーティファクトの発生過程を簡単のために1次元で考察する。
【0019】
図2に示す様にゲインのばらつきによるノイズが混入したA(i)とB(i)を仮定する。このノイズはほぼランダムな分布を持つが、位置iに関しては固定されている。そのため相互相関関数G(k)を計算すると、G(0)ではA(i)とB(i)の強度分布は完全に一致するためG(0)は最大値を持つ。一方G(k≠0)ではA(i)とB(i+k)の一致の度合いはkによらずほぼ一定となる。結果としてG(0)にδ的なピーク3が発生する。ゲインのばらつきによるコントラストが支配的な像では原点に発生するδ的なピーク3の強度が相互相関関数の最大値となってしまい、相互相関関数の最大値で位置ずれを特定する方法では位置ずれ量がゼロであると誤認識してしまう。
【0020】
前記誤認識を避けるために、相互相関関数の計算結果から前記アーティファクトを除去する必要がある。そこで前記アーティファクトの特徴を概観する。試料構造のコントラストは連続的に変化するものであり、CCDの画素単位で急激に変化するものではないので、試料構造のコントラストのみが反映した画像ペアの相互相関関数の変化は連続的である。一方、ゲインのばらつきは1画素単位で明瞭に変化するので、それによって発生するアーティファクトは必ずδ的なピークになる。ばらつきがランダムである場合はδ的なピーク原点においてのみ発生する。ばらつきに何らかの規則性があれば原点以外でもδ的なピークは発生しうるが、その位置は各CCDで固定されている。
【0021】
CCDに一定強度の電子線を照射してゲインのばらつきのみを反映した画像ペアを撮影し、その相互相関関数を計算すれば、アーティファクトが発生する位置は特定できる。アーティファクトはδ的なピークであるので、前記位置における強度を近接データの補間値、例えば両側の値の平均値で置き換えればアーティファクトは簡単に除去できる。この処理は人の判断を必要としない処理であり、計算機内で自動的に行える。
【0022】
以上をまとめると、検出器に依存するノイズが混入した画像を用いて画像間の位置ずれを解析する際は、図3に示すフローチャートに従って行う必要がある。まず従来法と同様に画像ペアを撮影し、その相互相関関数を計算する。本発明では相互相関関数の計算結果からアーティファクトであるδピークを除去する工程を付加する。δピークの発生位置は固定されているので、その位置の強度を近接データの補間値で置き換えてアーティファクトを除去する。その後相互相関関数の最大値を特定し、位置ずれ量を求める。
【0023】
【発明の効果】
画像関の位置ずれ解析アルゴリズムに本発明を付加することによって、画像検出器の画素間のゲインのばらつきによって発生するアーティファクトは簡単に除去できる。この処理は人の判断を必要とせず、計算機で自動的に行える処理である。これによって、像コントラストが低い画像ペアを用いた位置ずれ解析において発生する誤認識は大幅に低減され、像コントラストの低い画像にも位置ずれ解析法が適用できるようになる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】画像ペアの位置ずれ量解析法の説明図。
【図2】検出器のゲインのばらつきによるアーティファクトを示す説明図。
【図3】画像ペアの位置ずれ量解析のフローチャート。
【符号の説明】
1…位置ずれDを持つ画像ペア、2…画像ペアの相互相関関数、3…ゲインのばらつきによって発生したアーティファクト。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for analyzing a positional shift amount between images from an intensity distribution of each image, and to a technique for removing an influence of noise by an image detector.
[0002]
[Prior art]
When analyzing the amount of displacement between images with a computer, a cross-correlation function is used for image calculation as described in Ultra Microscopy, Vol. 40, 89-107 (Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 40, 1992, pp. 89-107). Often do. A (i, j) and B (i, j) = A (i-dx, j-dy) (i = 1,..., N) ., J = 1,..., M), the cross-correlation function G (k, l) (k = −n / 2,..., N / 2, j) of A (i, j) and B (i, j) = −m / 2,..., M / 2) specifies that D = (dx, dy) using the fact that G (dx, dy) has the maximum value.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The displacement analysis method does not consider the influence of noise included in the image. In an image detector composed of a large number of pixels, for example, a CCD, the gain of each pixel varies. When calculating the cross-correlation function of an image having a larger contrast due to the variation in gain than the contrast of the sample, a δ-like peak occurs at the origin G (0, 0) of the cross-correlation function. Because G (0,0) calculates G in a state where the variation in gain in the image pair matches, but G (k ≠ 0, l ≠ 0) calculates G in a state in which the variation in gain in the image pair is different. Because it calculates. If the computer erroneously recognizes a δ-like peak as an artifact as the maximum value of the cross-correlation function, the displacement is not correctly specified. It is an object of the present invention to automatically remove this artifact.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Since the artifact due to the variation in the gain occurs only at the origin of the cross-correlation function, the artifact can be removed by replacing the intensity at the origin with the interpolation value of the proximity data. Since this process does not require human judgment, it can be performed automatically in the computer.
[0005]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
In a transmission electron microscope (hereinafter abbreviated as TEM), the amount of displacement between two images may be measured in the measurement of sample drift or the analysis of other optical parameters. Each TEM image is detected by a digital camera such as a slow-scan CCD, and transmitted to a computer to analyze the amount of displacement. When analyzing the amount of positional deviation by a computer, it is often specified from the calculation result of two images, for example, a cross-correlation function. The method of judging the displacement by moving the feature points, etc., cannot be performed fully automatically because it requires human judgment in the selection of feature points, etc., and the measurement accuracy greatly depends on the selection of feature points. This is because it cannot be applied to the structure.
[0006]
First, a method of analyzing the amount of displacement from the intensity distribution of an image will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, two images 1 having a displacement D = (dx, dy) are represented by A (i, j) and B (i, j) = A (i-dx, j-dy) (i = 1, ..., nj = 1, ..., m). The sum of the products G (k, l) of A (i, j) and B (i + k, j + l) is calculated while changing the position (k, l) between the images. That is, the cross-correlation function 2 of the image pair is calculated.
[0007]
(Equation 1)
Figure 0003603543
[0008]
The cross-correlation function 2 has a maximum value when the intensity distribution of the image pair 1 matches. That is, the cross-correlation function 2 is
[0009]
(Equation 2)
Figure 0003603543
[0010]
Has the maximum value. Therefore, the position shift D = (dx, dy) can be specified from the position (dx, dy) of the maximum value of the cross-correlation function.
[0011]
In addition to the maximum value of the cross-correlation function, the sum of the absolute values of the differences between A (i, j) and B (i + k, j + 1)
(Equation 3)
Figure 0003603543
[0013]
Or the sum of the squares of the difference between A (i, j) and B (i + k, j + 1).
(Equation 4)
Figure 0003603543
[0015]
May be used.
[0016]
Here, the effect of noise mixed into the image pair 1 will be considered. Since the CCD is composed of at least several hundreds of pixels and several hundreds of pixels, each pixel has a variation in gain. Therefore, noise due to variation in gain is mixed in the TEM image. The CCD is irradiated with an electron beam of a constant intensity to measure the gain variation R (i, j), and the intensity is corrected by dividing the image A (i, j) measured by the gain variation R (i, j). Some attempts have been made, but it is difficult to completely compensate.
[0017]
An example in which contrast due to gain variation is emphasized is TEM observation without an objective stop. When capturing a normal TEM image, an objective aperture is inserted to enhance the image contrast. However, during sample observation, such as immediately after sample insertion, observation may be performed without an objective stop. In the image without the aperture, the contrast of the sample is very low, but the electron dose applied to the CCD becomes very large, so that the contrast due to the variation in gain is greatly enhanced.
[0018]
If the contrast due to the variation in the gain is larger than the contrast of the sample, when calculating the cross-correlation function of the image pair, a δ-like peak is generated at the origin, that is, a peak having a finite size but a width of one pixel is generated. The process of generating this artifact will be considered in one dimension for simplicity.
[0019]
As shown in FIG. 2, assume that A (i) and B (i) in which noise due to variation in gain is mixed. This noise has a nearly random distribution, but is fixed for position i. Therefore, when the cross-correlation function G (k) is calculated, G (0) has the maximum value because the intensity distributions of A (i) and B (i) completely match in G (0). On the other hand, in G (k ≠ 0), the degree of coincidence between A (i) and B (i + k) is almost constant regardless of k. As a result, a δ-like peak 3 occurs in G (0). In an image in which contrast due to variation in gain is dominant, the intensity of the δ-like peak 3 generated at the origin becomes the maximum value of the cross-correlation function. They mistakenly recognize that the amount is zero.
[0020]
In order to avoid the erroneous recognition, it is necessary to remove the artifact from the calculation result of the cross-correlation function. Therefore, the features of the artifact will be outlined. Since the contrast of the sample structure changes continuously and does not change abruptly for each pixel of the CCD, the change of the cross-correlation function of the image pair reflecting only the contrast of the sample structure is continuous. On the other hand, since the variation of the gain clearly changes in units of one pixel, the artifact generated thereby always becomes a δ-like peak. When the variation is random, it occurs only at the δ-like peak origin. If there is some regularity in the variation, a δ-like peak may occur at a position other than the origin, but the position is fixed at each CCD.
[0021]
By irradiating the CCD with an electron beam of a constant intensity and capturing an image pair reflecting only the variation in gain, and calculating the cross-correlation function, the position where the artifact occurs can be specified. Since the artifact is a δ-like peak, the artifact can be easily removed by replacing the intensity at the position with an interpolation value of the proximity data, for example, an average value of the values on both sides. This process does not require human judgment and can be performed automatically in the computer.
[0022]
To summarize the above, it is necessary to follow the flowchart shown in FIG. 3 when analyzing the displacement between images using an image containing noise depending on the detector. First, an image pair is photographed as in the conventional method, and its cross-correlation function is calculated. In the present invention, a step of removing a δ peak which is an artifact from the calculation result of the cross-correlation function is added. Since the occurrence position of the δ peak is fixed, the intensity at that position is replaced with the interpolation value of the proximity data to remove the artifact. Thereafter, the maximum value of the cross-correlation function is specified, and the amount of displacement is obtained.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
By adding the present invention to the image-related positional displacement analysis algorithm, artifacts caused by variations in gain between pixels of the image detector can be easily removed. This process does not require human judgment and can be performed automatically by a computer. As a result, misrecognition that occurs in displacement analysis using an image pair with a low image contrast is greatly reduced, and the displacement analysis method can be applied to an image with a low image contrast.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a method for analyzing a displacement amount of an image pair.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an artifact due to a variation in the gain of a detector.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of an analysis of a positional shift amount of an image pair.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 ... Image pair having displacement D, 2 ... Cross-correlation function of image pair, 3 ... Artifact generated by variation in gain.

Claims (4)

画像検出器で複数の画像を撮影し、該複数の画像間の位置ずれ量を各画素の強度分布から解析し、該画素のゲインのばらつきにより発生するアーティファクトを除去する方法であって、
第1の画像と第2の画像を撮影する工程と、
前記画像検出器より撮影された、前記第1の画像と第2の画像間の強度分布における相互相関関数画像を計算する工程と、
前記画素間のゲインのばらつきにより発生するピークを除去する工程と、
前記相互相関関数の最大値を持つ位置から前記画像間の位置ずれ量を特定する工程とを含むことを特徴とする位置ずれ解析方法。
A method of capturing a plurality of images with an image detector, analyzing a positional shift amount between the plurality of images from an intensity distribution of each pixel, and removing an artifact generated due to a variation in gain of the pixel,
Taking a first image and a second image;
Calculating a cross-correlation function image in an intensity distribution between the first image and the second image taken by the image detector;
Removing a peak caused by the variation in gain between the pixels,
Identifying a positional shift amount between the images from a position having a maximum value of the cross-correlation function.
請求項1に記載の位置ずれ解析方法において、
前記第1の画像と第2の画像間の位置ずれ量を変化させながら第1と第2の画像の強度差の絶対値を計算する工程と、
前記強度差の絶対値の分布画像の最小値の位置から画像間の位置ずれ量を求めることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の位置ずれ解析方法。
The position shift analysis method according to claim 1,
Calculating the absolute value of the intensity difference between the first and second images while changing the amount of displacement between the first image and the second image;
2. The displacement analysis method according to claim 1, wherein a displacement amount between the images is obtained from a position of a minimum value of the distribution image of the absolute value of the intensity difference.
請求項1に記載の位置ずれ解析方法において、
前記第1の画像に対する第2の画像の位置ずれ量を変化させながら第1と第2の画像の2乗和分布を計算し、前記2乗和分布の最小値の位置から画像間の位置ずれ量を求めることを特徴とする位置ずれ解析方法。
The position shift analysis method according to claim 1,
Calculating the sum of squares distribution of the first and second images while changing the amount of misalignment of the second image with respect to the first image, and calculating the misalignment between the images from the position of the minimum value of the sum of squares distribution A displacement analysis method characterized by calculating an amount.
請求項1に記載の位置ずれ解析方法において、
前記ゲインのばらつきによるピーク除去は、該ピーク近傍のゲインのばらつきの影響のない画素強度の計算値で置換することを特徴とする位置ずれ解析方法。
The position shift analysis method according to claim 1,
The method of analyzing a displacement according to claim 1, wherein the peak removal due to the variation in the gain is replaced with a calculated value of the pixel intensity which is not affected by the variation in the gain near the peak.
JP14893297A 1997-06-06 1997-06-06 Image displacement analysis method Expired - Fee Related JP3603543B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP14893297A JP3603543B2 (en) 1997-06-06 1997-06-06 Image displacement analysis method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP14893297A JP3603543B2 (en) 1997-06-06 1997-06-06 Image displacement analysis method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH10339607A JPH10339607A (en) 1998-12-22
JP3603543B2 true JP3603543B2 (en) 2004-12-22

Family

ID=15463892

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP14893297A Expired - Fee Related JP3603543B2 (en) 1997-06-06 1997-06-06 Image displacement analysis method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3603543B2 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11354834B2 (en) 2018-01-02 2022-06-07 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Learning-based voxel evolution for regularized reconstruction

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4069545B2 (en) 1999-05-19 2008-04-02 株式会社日立製作所 Electron microscope method, electron microscope array biological sample inspection method and biological inspection apparatus using the same
JP3680658B2 (en) * 1999-09-30 2005-08-10 松下電器産業株式会社 Image recognition method and image recognition apparatus
JP4011455B2 (en) * 2002-10-24 2007-11-21 株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ Sample observation method using transmission electron microscope
JP5647504B2 (en) * 2010-12-09 2014-12-24 ヤマハ発動機株式会社 Image processing apparatus, inspection apparatus, measurement apparatus, image processing method, measurement method

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11354834B2 (en) 2018-01-02 2022-06-07 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Learning-based voxel evolution for regularized reconstruction

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH10339607A (en) 1998-12-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP3089202B1 (en) Method and apparatus for analyzing shape of wafer
US8125518B2 (en) Scanning electron microscope
US8995753B2 (en) Stereo distance measurement apparatus and stereo distance measurement method
CN107316047A (en) Image processing apparatus, image processing method and storage medium
JP2000331637A (en) Electron microscopy method, electron microscope and biological sample inspection method and biological inspection apparatus using the same
JP4500099B2 (en) Electron microscope apparatus system and dimension measuring method using electron microscope apparatus system
US20120318976A1 (en) Pattern measurement apparatus and pattern measurement method
JP2009259036A (en) Image processing device, image processing method, image processing program, recording medium, and image processing system
JP5549502B2 (en) Pattern image measuring method and pattern image measuring apparatus
JP6576859B2 (en) Apparatus, method, and program for measuring shape of spiral spring
KR102853085B1 (en) Method and apparatus for detecting defects on substrate
KR0153795B1 (en) Pattern size measuring device and a method for measuring thereof
JP3603543B2 (en) Image displacement analysis method
Gladines et al. A phase correlation based peak detection method for accurate shape from focus measurements
EP1958158A2 (en) Method for detecting streaks in digital images
KR100684301B1 (en) Image processing apparatus and method
EP2317459B1 (en) Defining image features and using features to monitor image transformations
EP2693397B1 (en) Method and apparatus for noise reduction in an imaging system
JP2001074602A (en) Apparatus and method for evaluating image
JP6770691B2 (en) Quantification method and quantification device for accuracy of coating film edge
JPH10248830A (en) Recognition method and device for irradiation field of radiation image
CN107529962A (en) Image processing apparatus, image processing method and image processing program
CN112233164B (en) A Disparity Map Error Point Recognition and Correction Method
JP2001235319A (en) Shading correction device, shading correction method, and surface inspection device
JPH07280560A (en) Correlation computation evaluating method

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20040531

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20040608

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20040730

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20040907

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20040920

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20071008

Year of fee payment: 3

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20081008

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20091008

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20091008

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20101008

Year of fee payment: 6

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20111008

Year of fee payment: 7

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121008

Year of fee payment: 8

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121008

Year of fee payment: 8

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20131008

Year of fee payment: 9

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees