JP3603695B2 - Method for manufacturing high strength bend pipe with excellent low temperature toughness - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing high strength bend pipe with excellent low temperature toughness Download PDFInfo
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、低温靱性に優れた高強度ベンド管の製造方法に関する。詳しくは、引張強さで760MPa以上の高強度を有するとともに低温靱性と溶接性にも優れ、天然ガスや原油を輸送するためのラインパイプ及び各種圧力容器などに利用されるベンド管を製造する方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
天然ガスや原油を長距離に亘って輸送するパイプラインにおいて、輸送コストを低減することは普遍的なニーズである。このため、パイプラインの操業圧力を上昇させて輸送効率を高めることが試みられている。パイプラインの操業圧力を高めるには、パイプラインで使用されるラインパイプに対して、従来からの強度グレードのままでその肉厚を増加させる方法が考えられる。しかし、このラインパイプの肉厚増加法によれば、現地での溶接施工能率の低下及び構造物の重量増加による施工効率の低下を招いてしまう。
【0003】
したがって、ラインパイプの強度そのものを高めることで肉厚の増大を制限しようとする動きが高まっており、現在では米国石油協会(API)でX80グレード(降伏強さが551MPa以上、引張強さが620MPa以上)のラインパイプが規格化され実用に供されている。
【0004】
しかしながら、産業界にはパイプラインの操業圧力を更に上昇させて輸送効率を一層高めたいとする動きがあり、したがって、上記X80グレードを超える高強度のラインパイプに対する要望が極めて大きくなっている。
【0005】
X80グレードを超える高強度のラインパイプに対しては、例えば、特開平8−209288号公報及び特開平8−209290号公報に、引張強さが950MPa以上であるX100超のラインパイプが提案されている。なお、X100グレードの強度とは、降伏強さが689MPa以上、引張強さが758MPa以上である。
【0006】
上記のうち、特開平8−209288号公報には、化学組成とミクロ組織を調整し、Cuの時効析出を利用してX100超のラインパイプを得るための「低温靱性の優れた溶接性高張力鋼」が開示されている。又、特開平8−209290号公報には、Mnの含有量を高めた化学組成とミクロ組織を調整してX100超のラインパイプを得るための「低温靱性の優れた溶接性高張力鋼」が開示されている。
【0007】
上記の各公報で提案された技術はいずれもX100超の高強度ラインパイプを対象としてはいるものの、その技術の本質は「鋼板」に係るものである。したがって、目的とするラインパイプはその鋼板から冷間成形とシーム溶接により製造される鋼管、つまり「直管」に他ならない。しかし、長大なパイプラインや複雑な構造の圧力容器の場合、直線状の「直管」を用いるだけでは施工が不可能であり、複雑な地形や設計に応じて「曲管」を用いる必要がある。
【0008】
この「曲管」としては、通常、熱間又は温間で「直管」を(曲げ)加工して製造されるベンド管が使用される。
【0009】
強度グレードがX80以下のベンド管に低温靱性と溶接性とを具備させることは比較的容易であり、各種の製造技術が知られている。しかし、鋼板の強度が高くなるほど溶接性と低温靱性とを両立させるために、組織の微細化などを目的とした制御圧延技術の占める役割が大きくなる。したがって、制御圧延した強度の高い鋼板から作製した鋼管(直管)、特に引張強さが760MPa以上、なかでも900MPa以上の直管を熱間や温間で曲げ加工して曲管にする場合には、加熱によって制御圧延の効果が消失してしまう。つまり、高強度のベンド管ほどその素材である直管に対する機械的特性の低下が激しくなる。こうした理由から、従来X100及びX100超の高強度ベンド管の有効な製造技術は見いだされていなかった。
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記現状に鑑みなされたもので、その目的は、760MPa以上の引張強さを有するとともに、優れた母材及び溶接部靱性と溶接性をも兼ね備え、天然ガスや原油を輸送するためのラインパイプ及び各種圧力容器などに利用されるベンド管の製造方法を提供することである。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、下記に示す低温靱性に優れた高強度ベンド管の製造方法を要旨とする。
【0012】
すなわち、「重量%で、C:0.02〜0.12%、Mn:0.8〜1.7%、Ni:0.4〜2.5%、Mo:0.05〜0.6%、Nb:0.005〜0.04%、B:0.0005〜0.0015%、Si:0.20%以下、Cu:0〜0.6%、Cr:0〜0.8%、V:0〜0.1%、Ti:0〜0.03%、Ca:0〜0.003%、Al:0.03%以下を含み、残部はFe及び不可避不純物からなり、不純物中のPは0.015%以下、Sは0.003%以下、Nは0.004%以下で、更に下記E1式で表されるfn1の値が0.40%以下の化学組成を有する鋼管を、800〜1000℃の温度域に加熱して曲げ加工を施した後、800〜650℃の温度まで120℃/分以下の冷却速度で冷却し、次いで、400℃以下の温度まで5℃/秒以上の冷却速度で冷却することを特徴とする低温靱性に優れた高強度ベンド管の製造方法。ここで、fn1=30N(%)+C(%)+Si(%)+5Al(%)・・・E1」である。
【0013】
なお、上記の各温度は鋼管(直管)やベンド管の肉厚中心部の温度をいい、「冷却速度」もベンド管の肉厚中心部における冷却速度をいう。
【0014】
本発明者らは、直管を曲げ加工して760MPa以上の引張強さを有する高強度ベンド管を、母材、溶接部の靱性を損なうことなく製造するために種々検討を行った。その結果、下記の知見が得られた。
【0015】
(a)曲げ加工、なかでも熱間曲げ加工によって生ずる組織及び機械的特性の劣化を抑制するためには、母材の素材鋼にNb及びBを含有させ、更にその効果を安定化させるためにNi及びMoを適量含有させればよい。
【0016】
(b)C、Si、Al及びNは熱間曲げ加工の工程で生ずる特性劣化の原因となる元素である。したがって、上記元素の含有量を制限することにより、ベンド管の低温靱性を高めることができる。
【0017】
(c)引張強さが760MPa以上、なかでも900MPa以上の高強度鋼において、熱間曲げ加工の工程で生ずる低温靱性の低下を抑制するには、前記したE1式で表されるfn1の値を制限する必要があること。
【0018】
(d)上記の化学組成制御を行うとともに、熱間曲げ加工でベンド管を製造する際の加熱温度及び曲げ加工を施した後の冷却条件を適正化することで、760MPa以上の引張強さを有する高強度ベンド管を母材、溶接部の靱性を損なうことなく製造することができる。
【0019】
本発明は、上記の知見に基づいて完成されたものである。
【0020】
【発明の実際の形態】
以下、本発明の各要件について詳しく説明する。なお、各元素の含有量の「%」表示は「重量%」を意味する。
【0021】
(A)鋼管の化学組成
C:0.02〜0.12%
Cは、強度上昇に有効な元素であり、本発明における所望の強度(760MPa以上の引張強さ)を得るためには、0.02%以上含有させる必要がある。しかし、その含有量が0.12%を超えると、溶接性が劣化するだけでなく、熱間曲げ加工後の母材、溶接熱影響部の靱性が低下する。したがって、Cの含有量を0.02〜0.12%とした。
【0022】
Mn:0.8〜1.7%
Mnは、強度上昇に有効な元素であり、そのためには0.8%以上含有させる必要がある。しかし、1.7%を超えて含有させると溶接部の靱性が劣化し、更に、熱間曲げ加工後の母材及び溶接熱影響部の靱性が低下する。したがって、Mnの含有量を0.8〜1.7%とした。なお、Mnの含有量は0.8〜1.5%とすることが好ましい。
【0023】
Ni:0.4〜2.5%
Niは、強度上昇作用、靱性及び脆性亀裂の伝播停止特性を改善する作用を有する。更に、熱間曲げ加工後の母材及び溶接熱影響部の靱性劣化を抑制する作用を有する。これらの効果を得るには、Niを0.4%以上含有させることが必要である。しかし、2.5%を超えて含有させてもコストアップに見合うだけの強度上昇と靱性の改善が得られない。したがって、Niの含有量を0.4〜2.5%とした。なお、Niの含有量は1.2〜2.5%とすることが好ましい。
【0024】
Mo:0.05〜0.6%
Moは、強度上昇作用を有すると同時に、熱間曲げ加工後の母材及び溶接熱影響部の靱性劣化を抑制する作用を有する。しかし、その含有量が0.05%未満では前記の効果が得られない。一方、0.6%を超えて含有させると、コストアップに見合うだけの強度上昇と靱性の改善が得られないばかりでなく、却って母材と溶接部の靱性低下を招く。したがって、Moの含有量を0.05〜0.6%とした。なお、Moの含有量は0.2〜0.6%とすることが好ましい。
【0025】
Nb:0.005〜0.04%
Nbは、熱間曲げ加工によって生ずる組織及び機械的特性の劣化を抑制して、曲げ加工後の母材及び溶接熱影響部の靱性劣化を抑制する作用を有する。この効果を得るためには、Nbを0.005%以上含有させることが必要である。しかし、0.04%を超えて含有させると、溶接性が低下すると同時に、却って熱間曲げ加工後の母材及び溶接熱影響部の低温靱性の低下を招く。したがって、Nbの含有量を0.005〜0.04%とした。なお、Nbの含有量は0.005〜0.02%とすることが好ましい。
【0026】
B:0.0005〜0.0015%
Bは、強度上昇作用に加えて、熱間曲げ加工によって生ずる組織及び機械的特性の劣化を抑制し、曲げ加工後の母材及び溶接熱影響部の靱性劣化を抑制する作用を有する。しかし、その含有量が0.0005%未満では前記の効果が得られない。一方、0.0015%を超えると、溶接性が低下すると同時に、却って熱間曲げ加工後の母材及び溶接熱影響部の低温靱性が低下する。このため、Bの含有量を0.0005〜0.0015%とした。なお、B含有量は0.0008%以上とすることが好ましい。
【0027】
なお、前記量のNbと上記量のBを複合して含有させ、しかも、前記量のNi及びMoを同時に含有させることで、熱間曲げ加工によって生ずる組織と機械的特性の劣化の抑制作用が極めて安定して得られる。
【0028】
Si:0.20%以下
Siは通常脱酸剤として添加されるが、その含有量が0.20%を超えると、溶接熱影響部の靱性が低下するし、熱間曲げ加工後の母材及び溶接熱影響部の靱性が損なわれる。したがって、Siの含有量を0.20%以下とした。
【0029】
Cu:0〜0.6%
Cuは添加しなくてもよい。添加すれば、強度上昇作用や耐食性向上作用が得られる。この効果を確実に得るには、Cuは0.1%以上の含有量とすることが好ましい。しかし、その含有量が0.6%を超えると、靱性の低下を招く。したがって、Cuの含有量を0〜0.6%とした。
【0030】
Cr:0〜0.8%
Crは添加しなくてもよい。添加すれば、強度上昇や耐食性向上の効果を有する。この効果を確実に得るには、Crは0.1%以上の含有量とすることが好ましい。しかし、その含有量が0.8%を超えると、母材及び溶接部の靱性が低下する。したがって、Crの含有量を0〜0.8%とした。
【0031】
V:0〜0.1%
Vも添加しなくてもよい。添加すれば、強度を高める効果がある。この効果を確実に得るには、Vは0.01%以上の含有量とすることが好ましい。しかし、その含有量が0.1%を超えると、母材及び溶接部の靱性が低下する。このため、Vの含有量を0〜0.1%とした。
【0032】
Ti:0〜0.03%
Tiは添加しなくてもよい。添加すれば、スラブ加熱時のオーステナイト結晶粒微細化効果がある。この効果を確実に得るには、Tiは0.005%以上の含有量とすることが好ましい。なお、Nb添加鋼の場合には、連続鋳造スラブ表面のヒビ割れ発生がNbによって助長されるので、ヒビ割れ発生の抑制のために前記の量のTiを含有させることが特に望ましい。しかし、その含有量が0.03%を超えると、TiNが粗大化してオーステナイト結晶粒微細化効果が消滅してしまう。このため、Tiの含有量を0〜0.03%とした。
【0033】
Ca:0〜0.003%
Caも添加しなくてもよい。添加すれば、鋼中のMnSの形態を制御して鋼材の圧延方向と直角な方向の靱性を高める効果がある。この効果を確実に得るには、Caは0.001%以上の含有量とすることが好ましい。しかし、その含有量が0.003%を超えると、鋼中の非金属介在物が増加して内部欠陥発生の原因となる。したがって、Caの含有量を0〜0.003%とした。
【0034】
Al:0.03%以下
Alは通常脱酸剤として添加されるが、その含有量が0.03%を超えると、溶接熱影響部の靱性が低下するし、熱間曲げ加工後の母材及び溶接熱影響部の靱性が損なわれる。したがって、Alの含有量を0.03%以下とした。
【0035】
本発明においては、不純物元素としてのP、S及びNの含有量を下記のとおりに制限する。
【0036】
P:0.015%以下
Pは粒界で脆性破壊を生じさせて鋼の靱性を低下させるばかりでなく、スラブの中心偏析を大きくする。特に、その含有量が0.015%を超えると靱性の低下が著しくなる。したがって、不純物元素としてのPの含有量を0.015%以下とした。
【0037】
S:0.003%以下
SはMnと結合してMnSを形成し、このMnSが圧延により延伸して鋼材の靱性を低下させてしまう。特に、その含有量が0.003%を超えると上記の靱性低下が著しくなる。したがって、不純物元素としてのSの含有量を0.003%以下とした。
【0038】
N:0.004%以下
Nは母材及び溶接部の靱性を低下させることに加えて、熱間曲げ加工後の特性低下を顕著化させる有害な元素である。特に、その含有量が0.004%を超えると、他の条件を調整してもベンド管としての良好な特性が得られなくなる。したがって、不純物元素としてのNの含有量を0.004%以下とした。なお、Nの含有量は0.003%以下とすることが望ましい。
【0039】
fn1の値:0.40%以下
引張強さが760MPa以上、なかでも900MPa以上の高強度鋼管の場合、化学組成が既に述べた値であっても、前記E1式で表されるfn1の値が0.40%を超えると、熱間曲げ加工後の母材及び溶接熱影響部の靱性が低下してしまう。したがって、fn1の値を0.40%以下とした。なお、特に引張強さが900MPa以上の高強度材の特性を安定化させるには、fn1の値を0.30%以下とすることが好ましい。
【0040】
(B)ベンド管の製造条件
(B−1)鋼管の加熱温度
上記(A)項に記載の化学組成を有する鋼管の加熱温度は800〜1000℃とする必要がある。加熱温度が1000℃を超えると、組織が粗大化して低温靱性が劣化する。更に、再固溶したN、S、CやAlなどの元素が曲げ加工中にオーステナイト粒界等に移動することによる低温靱性の低下も生ずる。一方、加熱温度が800℃未満では、曲げ加工を施した後、下記(B−3)項で述べる条件で冷却しても低温靱性が低下する。したがって、鋼管の加熱温度を800〜1000℃とした。
【0041】
(B−2)曲げ加工
曲げ加工の方法は特に規定する必要はない。通常のベンド管製造で用いられる曲げ加工法とすればよい。
【0042】
(B−3)曲げ加工後の冷却
良好な靱性と760MPa以上の引張強さを得るには、鋼管を前記(B−1)項に記載の温度に加熱して曲げ加工を施した後、800〜650℃の温度T1まで120℃/分以下の冷却速度で冷却し、次いで、400℃以下の温度T2まで5℃/秒以上の冷却速度で冷却する必要がある。
【0043】
800〜650℃の温度T1まで120℃/分以下の冷却速度で冷却するのは、この処理によって低温靱性に有害な元素を固着して無害化を図るためである。温度T1が800℃を超えると、低温靱性に有害な元素の無害化が十分なされないので、低温靱性が低下してしまう。一方、温度T1が650℃を下回ると、次に、400℃以下の温度T2まで5℃/秒以上の冷却速度で冷却しても、焼入れ不足となって、低温靱性が低下する。
【0044】
上記温度T1まで冷却する際の冷却速度が120℃/分を超える場合にも、低温靱性に有害な元素の無害化が十分なされないので、低温靱性が低下してしまう。
【0045】
次に、温度T2から、つまり温度T1から5℃/秒以上で行う冷却の停止温度が400℃を超えると、靱性の低下や靱性のバラツキが顕著になる。又、800〜650℃の温度T1から400℃以下の温度T2まで冷却する際の冷却速度が5℃/分を下回る場合にも、靱性の低下や靱性のバラツキが顕著になる。
【0046】
したがって、鋼管に曲げ加工を施した後、800〜650℃の温度T1まで120℃/分以下の冷却速度で冷却し、次いで、400℃以下の温度T2まで5℃/秒以上の冷却速度で冷却することとした。
【0047】
なお、鋼管に曲げ加工を施した後、800〜650℃の温度T1まで行う冷却処理は、例えば空冷とすればよい。又、温度T1から400℃以下の温度T2まで行う冷却は、例えば通常の水、油やミストによる冷却処理とすればよい。
【0048】
以下、実施例により本発明を詳しく説明する。
【0049】
【実施例】
表1に示す化学組成を有する転炉−連続鋳造設備で製造した鋼片を、通常の方法で熱間圧延及びシーム溶接して直径(外径)が910mmで肉厚が20mmの鋼管を製造し、次に、この鋼管を素材として、表2に示す種々の条件でベンド管を製造した。
【0050】
表1における鋼A〜Hは化学組成が本発明で規定する範囲内にある本発明例、鋼I〜Mは成分のいずれかが本発明で規定する含有量の範囲から外れた比較例である。
【0051】
表2における「温度T1」は鋼管の曲げ加工の次に行う冷却の停止温度、換言すれば、この冷却に続けて行う冷却の開始温度を示し、「温度T2」は前記の温度T1から行う冷却の停止温度を示す。
【0052】
【表1】
【0053】
【表2】
【0054】
このようにして得た肉厚20mmのベンド管の母材部から、API(米国石油協会)規格5Lに記載の引張試験片とJIS4号シャルピー衝撃試験片を、又、溶接継ぎ手部からもAPI規格5Lに記載の引張試験片とJIS4号シャルピー衝撃試験片を採取し、母材部の引張特性(降伏強さ、引張強さ及び伸び)とシャルピー衝撃特性(破面遷移温度vTs(℃))、及び溶接継手部の引張特性(引張強さ)と−10℃でのシャルピー衝撃特性(吸収エネルギーvE−10(J))を調査した。なお、溶接継ぎ手部のシャルピー試験片は、ノッチ部においてX開先で溶接された溶接金属を50%、母材部(HAZ部)を50%含むようにして加工した。
【0055】
表3に、上記の試験結果を示す。
【0056】
【表3】
【0057】
表3から、試験番号1〜12の本発明に係るベンド管、つまり、化学組成が本発明で規定する範囲内にある鋼管を素材として本発明で規定した条件で製造したベンド管はいずれも、母材及び溶接部ともに760MPa以上の大きな引張強さを有するとともに、優れた靱性(シャルピー衝撃試験特性)を有することが明らかである。なお、上記ベンド管の素材である鋼管(直管)にはシーム溶接での不良部は検出されなかった。
【0058】
これに対して、試験番号13〜15のベンド管は、化学組成が本発明で規定する範囲内にある鋼Aの鋼管を素材とするものの、製造条件が本発明で規定した条件から外れるため母材及び溶接継ぎ手部の低温靱性が劣っている。
【0059】
試験番号16〜20のベンド管は、化学組成が本発明で規定する含有量の範囲から外れるため母材及び溶接継ぎ手部の低温靱性が劣っている。
【0060】
【発明の効果】
本発明の方法によれば、760MPa以上の引張強さを有するとともに、優れた母材及び溶接部靱性と溶接性をも兼ね備えるベンド管を比較的容易に製造することができる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a high-strength bend pipe having excellent low-temperature toughness. More specifically, a method for producing a bend pipe used in line pipes for transporting natural gas and crude oil and various pressure vessels, which has a high tensile strength of 760 MPa or more and has excellent low-temperature toughness and weldability. It is about.
[0002]
[Prior art]
It is a universal need to reduce transportation costs in pipelines that transport natural gas and crude oil over long distances. For this reason, attempts have been made to increase the operating efficiency of the pipeline to increase transport efficiency. In order to increase the operating pressure of the pipeline, a method of increasing the wall thickness of the line pipe used in the pipeline while maintaining the conventional strength grade can be considered. However, according to the method of increasing the wall thickness of the line pipe, the welding efficiency at the site is reduced, and the construction efficiency is reduced due to an increase in the weight of the structure.
[0003]
Therefore, there is an increasing movement to increase the wall thickness by increasing the strength of the line pipe itself. At present, the American Petroleum Institute (API) has an X80 grade (yield strength of 551 MPa or more and tensile strength of 620 MPa). The above line pipes have been standardized and put to practical use.
[0004]
However, there is a movement in the industry to further increase the operating efficiency of the pipeline to further increase the transport efficiency, and therefore, the demand for a high-strength line pipe exceeding the X80 grade has become extremely large.
[0005]
For a high-strength line pipe exceeding X80 grade, for example, JP-A-8-209288 and JP-A-8-209290 propose a line pipe exceeding X100 having a tensile strength of 950 MPa or more. I have. The X100 grade strength means that the yield strength is 689 MPa or more and the tensile strength is 758 MPa or more.
[0006]
Among the above, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-209288 discloses a method of adjusting the chemical composition and microstructure, and obtaining a linepipe exceeding X100 by utilizing aging precipitation of Cu. "Steel" is disclosed. Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hei 8-209290 discloses a "weldable high-strength steel excellent in low-temperature toughness" for obtaining a line pipe exceeding X100 by adjusting the chemical composition and the microstructure with an increased Mn content. It has been disclosed.
[0007]
Although the technologies proposed in the above publications are all directed to high-strength line pipes exceeding X100, the essence of the technologies relates to “steel plates”. Therefore, the intended line pipe is nothing but a steel pipe manufactured from the steel sheet by cold forming and seam welding, that is, a “straight pipe”. However, in the case of a long pipeline or a pressure vessel with a complicated structure, construction cannot be performed using only a straight “straight pipe”, and it is necessary to use a “curved pipe” according to complicated topography and design. is there.
[0008]
As the "curved pipe", a bend pipe manufactured by processing (bending) a "straight pipe" in a hot or warm state is usually used.
[0009]
It is relatively easy to provide low-temperature toughness and weldability to a bend pipe having a strength grade of X80 or less, and various manufacturing techniques are known. However, the higher the strength of the steel sheet, the greater the role of the controlled rolling technology for the purpose of making the structure finer, etc., in order to achieve both weldability and low-temperature toughness. Therefore, when a steel pipe (straight pipe) made from a high-strength steel sheet subjected to controlled rolling, particularly a straight pipe having a tensile strength of 760 MPa or more, particularly 900 MPa or more, is bent by hot or warm bending into a curved pipe. The effect of controlled rolling is lost by heating. In other words, the higher the strength of the bent pipe, the more the mechanical properties of the straight pipe, which is the material of the bent pipe, deteriorate. For these reasons, no effective manufacturing technology for X100 and high-strength bend tubes exceeding X100 has been found.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has an object to transport natural gas and crude oil while having a tensile strength of 760 MPa or more, and having both excellent base metal and weld toughness and weldability. To provide a method for manufacturing a bend pipe used for a line pipe and various pressure vessels.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The gist of the present invention is a method for producing a high-strength bend pipe having excellent low-temperature toughness described below.
[0012]
That is, "in terms of% by weight, C: 0.02 to 0.12%, Mn: 0.8 to 1.7%, Ni: 0.4 to 2.5%, Mo: 0.05 to 0.6%. , Nb: 0.005 to 0.04%, B: 0.0005 to 0.0015% , Si: 0.20% or less, Cu: 0 to 0.6% , Cr: 0 to 0.8% , V : 0 to 0.1% , Ti: 0 to 0.03% , Ca: 0 to 0.003% , Al: 0.03% or less, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities, and P in the impurities is A steel pipe having a chemical composition of 0.015% or less, S of 0.003% or less, N of 0.004% or less, and a value of fn1 represented by the following formula E1 of 0.40% or less, After being heated to a temperature range of 1000 ° C. and subjected to bending, it is cooled to a temperature of 800 to 650 ° C. at a cooling rate of 120 ° C./min or less. A method for producing a high-strength bend pipe excellent in low-temperature toughness, characterized by cooling at a cooling rate of 5 ° C./sec or more to a temperature of 0 ° C. or less, where fn1 = 30N (%) + C (%) + Si ( %) + 5Al (%)... E1 ".
[0013]
Each of the above temperatures refers to the temperature at the center of the thickness of the steel pipe (straight pipe) or the bend pipe, and the “cooling rate” also refers to the cooling rate at the center of the thickness of the bend pipe.
[0014]
The present inventors have conducted various studies in order to produce a high-strength bend pipe having a tensile strength of 760 MPa or more by bending a straight pipe without impairing the toughness of the base material and the welded portion. As a result, the following findings were obtained.
[0015]
(A) In order to suppress the deterioration of the structure and mechanical properties caused by bending, especially hot bending, in order to contain Nb and B in the base material steel, and to further stabilize the effect. What is necessary is just to make Ni and Mo contain an appropriate amount.
[0016]
(B) C, Si, Al and N are elements that cause deterioration of characteristics that occur in the process of hot bending. Therefore, by limiting the content of the above elements, the low-temperature toughness of the bend pipe can be increased.
[0017]
(C) In a high-strength steel having a tensile strength of 760 MPa or more, particularly 900 MPa or more, in order to suppress a decrease in low-temperature toughness caused in the step of hot bending, the value of fn1 represented by the above-described E1 equation must be changed. What needs to be restricted.
[0018]
(D) By controlling the chemical composition and optimizing the heating temperature and the cooling condition after the bending process in manufacturing the bend tube by the hot bending process, the tensile strength of 760 MPa or more can be obtained. A high-strength bend pipe can be manufactured without impairing the toughness of the base material and the welded portion.
[0019]
The present invention has been completed based on the above findings.
[0020]
[Practical mode of the invention]
Hereinafter, each requirement of the present invention will be described in detail. In addition, “%” of the content of each element means “% by weight”.
[0021]
(A) Chemical composition C of steel pipe: 0.02 to 0.12%
C is an element effective for increasing the strength. In order to obtain the desired strength (tensile strength of 760 MPa or more) in the present invention, C must be contained at 0.02% or more. However, when the content exceeds 0.12%, not only does the weldability deteriorate, but also the toughness of the base material and the heat affected zone after hot bending decreases. Therefore, the content of C is set to 0.02 to 0.12%.
[0022]
Mn: 0.8-1.7%
Mn is an element effective for increasing the strength. For that purpose, Mn must be contained at 0.8% or more. However, when the content exceeds 1.7%, the toughness of the welded portion is deteriorated, and further, the toughness of the base material after the hot bending and the weld heat affected zone is reduced. Therefore, the content of Mn is set to 0.8 to 1.7%. Note that the Mn content is preferably set to 0.8 to 1.5%.
[0023]
Ni: 0.4 to 2.5%
Ni has an effect of increasing the strength, improving the toughness and the property of stopping the propagation of brittle cracks. Further, it has the effect of suppressing the deterioration of the toughness of the base metal and the heat affected zone after hot bending. In order to obtain these effects, it is necessary to contain 0.4% or more of Ni. However, even if the content exceeds 2.5%, an increase in strength and an improvement in toughness that are commensurate with an increase in cost cannot be obtained. Therefore, the content of Ni is set to 0.4 to 2.5%. Note that the content of Ni is preferably set to 1.2 to 2.5%.
[0024]
Mo: 0.05 to 0.6%
Mo has the effect of increasing the strength, and at the same time, the effect of suppressing the deterioration of the toughness of the base metal and the heat affected zone after hot bending. However, if the content is less than 0.05%, the above effects cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 0.6%, not only the increase in strength and the improvement in toughness corresponding to the cost increase cannot be obtained, but also the toughness of the base metal and the welded part is reduced. Therefore, the content of Mo is set to 0.05 to 0.6%. The content of Mo is preferably set to 0.2 to 0.6%.
[0025]
Nb: 0.005 to 0.04%
Nb has the effect of suppressing the deterioration of the structure and mechanical properties caused by hot bending, and the deterioration of the toughness of the base material and the heat affected zone after bending. In order to obtain this effect, it is necessary to contain 0.005% or more of Nb. However, when the content exceeds 0.04%, the weldability is lowered, and at the same time, the low-temperature toughness of the base material and the heat affected zone after hot bending is lowered. Therefore, the content of Nb is set to 0.005 to 0.04%. Note that the content of Nb is preferably set to 0.005 to 0.02%.
[0026]
B: 0.0005 to 0.0015%
B has the effect of suppressing the deterioration of the structure and mechanical properties caused by hot bending and the deterioration of the toughness of the base metal and the weld heat affected zone after bending, in addition to the effect of increasing the strength. However, if the content is less than 0.0005%, the above effects cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the content exceeds 0.0015%, the weldability is reduced and, at the same time, the low-temperature toughness of the base material and the heat affected zone after the hot bending is lowered. Therefore, the content of B is set to 0.0005 to 0.0015%. The B content is preferably 0.0008% or more.
[0027]
In addition, by containing the above amount of Nb and the above amount of B in combination, and simultaneously containing the above amounts of Ni and Mo, the effect of suppressing the deterioration of the structure and mechanical properties caused by the hot bending process is reduced. Extremely stable.
[0028]
Si: 0.20% or less Si is usually added as a deoxidizing agent, but if its content exceeds 0.20%, the toughness of the heat affected zone decreases and the base material after hot bending And the toughness of the heat affected zone is impaired. Therefore, the content of Si is set to 0.20% or less .
[0029]
Cu: 0 to 0.6%
Cu need not be added. If added, the effect of increasing strength and the effect of improving corrosion resistance can be obtained. To ensure this effect, the content of Cu is preferably set to 0.1% or more. However, when the content exceeds 0.6%, the toughness is reduced. Therefore, the content of Cu is set to 0 to 0.6% .
[0030]
Cr: 0 to 0.8%
Cr may not be added. If added, it has the effect of increasing strength and improving corrosion resistance. To ensure this effect, the content of Cr is preferably set to 0.1% or more. However, when the content exceeds 0.8%, the toughness of the base material and the welded portion decreases. Therefore, the content of Cr is set to 0 to 0.8% .
[0031]
V: 0-0.1%
V may not be added. If added, it has the effect of increasing the strength. To ensure this effect, it is preferable that the content of V be 0.01% or more. However, when the content exceeds 0.1%, the toughness of the base metal and the welded part decreases. Therefore, the content of V is set to 0 to 0.1% .
[0032]
Ti: 0 to 0.03%
Ti need not be added. If added, there is an effect of refining austenite crystal grains during slab heating. To ensure this effect, the content of Ti is preferably set to 0.005% or more. In the case of Nb-added steel, since the generation of cracks on the surface of the continuously cast slab is promoted by Nb, it is particularly desirable to include the above amount of Ti in order to suppress the generation of cracks. However, if the content exceeds 0.03%, TiN coarsens and the effect of refining austenite crystal grains disappears. Therefore, the content of Ti is set to 0 to 0.03% .
[0033]
Ca: 0 to 0.003%
Ca may not be added. If added, it has the effect of controlling the form of MnS in the steel and increasing the toughness in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction of the steel material. To ensure this effect, it is preferable that the content of Ca be 0.001% or more. However, if the content exceeds 0.003%, nonmetallic inclusions in the steel increase, causing internal defects. Therefore, the content of Ca is set to 0 to 0.003% .
[0034]
Al: 0.03% or less Al is usually added as a deoxidizing agent, but if the content exceeds 0.03%, the toughness of the heat affected zone decreases, and the base material after hot bending is performed. And the toughness of the heat affected zone is impaired. Therefore, the content of Al is set to 0.03% or less.
[0035]
In the present invention, the contents of P, S and N as impurity elements are limited as follows.
[0036]
P: 0.015% or less P not only causes brittle fracture at the grain boundary to lower the toughness of the steel, but also increases the center segregation of the slab. In particular, when the content exceeds 0.015%, the toughness is significantly reduced. Therefore, the content of P as an impurity element is set to 0.015% or less.
[0037]
S: 0.003% or less S combines with Mn to form MnS, and this MnS is stretched by rolling to lower the toughness of the steel material. In particular, when the content exceeds 0.003%, the decrease in toughness described above becomes remarkable. Therefore, the content of S as an impurity element is set to 0.003% or less.
[0038]
N: 0.004% or less N is a harmful element that not only decreases the toughness of the base material and the welded portion, but also makes the deterioration in properties after hot bending work remarkable. In particular, if the content exceeds 0.004%, good characteristics as a bend tube cannot be obtained even if other conditions are adjusted. Therefore, the content of N as an impurity element is set to 0.004% or less. Note that the content of N is desirably 0.003% or less.
[0039]
fn1 value: 0.40% or less In the case of a high-strength steel pipe having a tensile strength of 760 MPa or more, especially 900 MPa or more, the value of fn1 represented by the above-mentioned E1 formula is not satisfied even if the chemical composition is already described. If it exceeds 0.40%, the toughness of the base metal and the heat affected zone after hot bending will be reduced. Therefore, the value of fn1 is set to 0.40% or less. In particular, in order to stabilize the characteristics of a high-strength material having a tensile strength of 900 MPa or more, the value of fn1 is preferably set to 0.30% or less.
[0040]
(B) Bending tube manufacturing conditions (B-1) Heating temperature of steel pipe The heating temperature of the steel pipe having the chemical composition described in the above item (A) needs to be 800 to 1000 ° C. If the heating temperature exceeds 1000 ° C., the structure becomes coarse and the low-temperature toughness deteriorates. Further, the low-temperature toughness is reduced due to the re-dissolved elements such as N, S, C, and Al moving to austenite grain boundaries during bending. On the other hand, if the heating temperature is lower than 800 ° C., the low-temperature toughness is reduced even after bending and cooling under the conditions described in the following section (B-3). Therefore, the heating temperature of the steel pipe was set to 800 to 1000 ° C.
[0041]
(B-2) Bending The bending method does not need to be particularly specified. What is necessary is just to use the bending method used in normal bend pipe manufacture.
[0042]
(B-3) In order to obtain good cooling toughness and bending strength of 760 MPa or more after bending, the steel pipe is heated to the temperature described in the above section (B-1), bent, and then subjected to 800 It is necessary to cool to a temperature T1 of / 650 ° C. at a cooling rate of 120 ° C./min or less, and then to a temperature T2 of 400 ° C. or less at a cooling rate of 5 ° C./sec or more.
[0043]
The cooling at a cooling rate of 120 ° C./min or less to a temperature T1 of 800 to 650 ° C. is performed in order to fix a harmful element to low-temperature toughness by this treatment and to make it harmless. When the temperature T1 exceeds 800 ° C., detoxification of elements harmful to low-temperature toughness is not sufficiently performed, so that low-temperature toughness decreases. On the other hand, if the temperature T1 is lower than 650 ° C., then even if the cooling is performed at a cooling rate of 5 ° C./sec or more to a temperature T2 of 400 ° C. or less, the quenching becomes insufficient and the low-temperature toughness is reduced.
[0044]
Even when the cooling rate at the time of cooling to the temperature T1 exceeds 120 ° C./min, the detoxification of elements harmful to low-temperature toughness is not sufficient, so that low-temperature toughness is reduced.
[0045]
Next, when the temperature at which the cooling performed at a temperature of 5 ° C./sec or more from the temperature T2, that is, the temperature T1 is 5 ° C./sec or more, exceeds 400 ° C., the decrease in toughness and the variation in toughness become significant. Also, when the cooling rate at the time of cooling from the temperature T1 of 800 to 650 ° C. to the temperature T2 of 400 ° C. or less is lower than 5 ° C./min, the decrease in toughness and the variation in toughness become remarkable.
[0046]
Therefore, after bending the steel pipe, it is cooled to a temperature T1 of 800 to 650 ° C. at a cooling rate of 120 ° C./min or less, and then cooled to a temperature T2 of 400 ° C. or less at a cooling rate of 5 ° C./sec or more. It was decided to.
[0047]
In addition, after performing bending to a steel pipe, the cooling process performed to the temperature T1 of 800 to 650 ° C. may be, for example, air cooling. The cooling performed from the temperature T1 to the temperature T2 of 400 ° C. or less may be, for example, a normal cooling process using water, oil, or mist.
[0048]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
[0049]
【Example】
A steel slab produced by a converter-continuous casting facility having the chemical composition shown in Table 1 was hot-rolled and seam-welded by a usual method to produce a steel pipe having a diameter (outer diameter) of 910 mm and a wall thickness of 20 mm. Next, bend pipes were manufactured from the steel pipes under various conditions shown in Table 2.
[0050]
Steels A to H in Table 1 are examples of the present invention in which the chemical composition is within the range specified by the present invention, and steels I to M are comparative examples in which any of the components is out of the range of the content specified by the present invention. .
[0051]
"Temperature T1" in Table 2 indicates a stop temperature of the cooling performed after the bending of the steel pipe, in other words, a start temperature of the cooling performed following the cooling, and "T2" indicates the cooling performed from the temperature T1. Shows the stop temperature of.
[0052]
[Table 1]
[0053]
[Table 2]
[0054]
From the base material of the 20 mm-thick bend pipe thus obtained, a tensile test piece described in API (American Petroleum Institute) standard 5L and a JIS No. 4 Charpy impact test piece, and an API standard from the weld joint part A tensile test piece described in 5 L and a JIS No. 4 Charpy impact test specimen were collected, and the tensile properties (yield strength, tensile strength and elongation) and the Charpy impact properties (fracture surface transition temperature vTs (° C.)) of the base metal part, Further, the tensile properties (tensile strength) of the welded joint and the Charpy impact properties at -10 ° C (absorbed energy vE-10 (J)) were investigated. In addition, the Charpy test piece of the welding joint portion was processed so as to include 50% of the weld metal welded at the X groove at the notch portion and 50% of the base metal portion (HAZ portion).
[0055]
Table 3 shows the test results.
[0056]
[Table 3]
[0057]
From Table 3, the bend pipes according to the present invention of Test Nos. 1 to 12, that is, the bend pipes manufactured under the conditions specified in the present invention using a steel pipe having a chemical composition within the range specified in the present invention as a material, It is clear that both the base metal and the weld have a large tensile strength of 760 MPa or more and have excellent toughness (Charpy impact test characteristics). In addition, the defective part by seam welding was not detected in the steel pipe (straight pipe) which is the material of the above-mentioned bend pipe.
[0058]
In contrast, the bend pipe of test No. 13 to 15, although the chemical composition and the material of the steel pipe of steel A to fall within the range regulated by the present invention, the base for deviating from the condition that manufacturing conditions defined in the present invention The low temperature toughness of the material and the weld joint is inferior.
[0059]
Bend pipes of the test numbers 16 to 20, chemical composition has inferior low temperature toughness of the base metal and the welded joint portion for departing from the scope of the content defined in the present invention.
[0060]
【The invention's effect】
According to the method of the present invention, it is possible to relatively easily manufacture a bend pipe having a tensile strength of 760 MPa or more, and also having excellent base material and excellent weld toughness and weldability.
Claims (1)
fn1=30N(%)+C(%)+Si(%)+5Al(%)・・・E1By weight%, C: 0.02 to 0.12%, Mn: 0.8 to 1.7%, Ni: 0.4 to 2.5%, Mo: 0.05 to 0.6%, Nb: 0.005 to 0.04%, B: 0.0005 to 0.0015% , Si: 0.20% or less, Cu: 0 to 0.6% , Cr: 0 to 0.8% , V: 0 to 0 % 0.1% , Ti: 0 to 0.03% , Ca: 0 to 0.003% , Al: 0.03% or less, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities, and P in the impurities is 0.015%. % Or less, S is 0.003% or less, N is 0.004% or less, and the value of fn1 represented by the following formula E1 is 0.40% or less. After being heated to a temperature range and subjected to bending, it is cooled to a temperature of 800 to 650 ° C. at a cooling rate of 120 ° C./min or less, and then cooled to a temperature of 400 ° C. or less. A method for producing a high-strength bend pipe excellent in low-temperature toughness, characterized by cooling at a cooling rate of 5 ° C./sec or more to a degree.
fn1 = 30N (%) + C (%) + Si (%) + 5Al (%)... E1
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP27748899A JP3603695B2 (en) | 1999-09-29 | 1999-09-29 | Method for manufacturing high strength bend pipe with excellent low temperature toughness |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP27748899A JP3603695B2 (en) | 1999-09-29 | 1999-09-29 | Method for manufacturing high strength bend pipe with excellent low temperature toughness |
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| JP3603695B2 true JP3603695B2 (en) | 2004-12-22 |
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| CN103320694B (en) * | 2013-06-25 | 2015-07-22 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | Cryogenic steel with temperature not higher than -101 DEG C level |
| CN105441801B (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2017-07-28 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of ultra-high-strength ultra-high-toughness oil casing and its TMCP manufacturing method |
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