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JP3603978B2 - Non-asbestos friction material - Google Patents
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JP3603978B2 - Non-asbestos friction material - Google Patents

Non-asbestos friction material Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3603978B2
JP3603978B2 JP09052197A JP9052197A JP3603978B2 JP 3603978 B2 JP3603978 B2 JP 3603978B2 JP 09052197 A JP09052197 A JP 09052197A JP 9052197 A JP9052197 A JP 9052197A JP 3603978 B2 JP3603978 B2 JP 3603978B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
friction material
powder
asbestos
friction
perovskite
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JP09052197A
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JPH10279925A (en
Inventor
勇 小林
健司 東
雅文 安田
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Kubota Corp
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Kubota Corp
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Priority to JP09052197A priority Critical patent/JP3603978B2/en
Priority to US08/995,020 priority patent/US5962551A/en
Priority to KR1019970081836A priority patent/KR100474068B1/en
Priority to EP98100174A priority patent/EP0856489A1/en
Publication of JPH10279925A publication Critical patent/JPH10279925A/en
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、自動車,鉄道車両,航空機,産業機械類等の制動装置におけるブレーキライニング,ディスクパッド,クラッチフェーシング等の摺動面を構成する摩擦材に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
上記制動装置の摩擦材は、熱硬化性樹脂(フェノール樹脂,エポキシ樹脂等)を結合成分とし、繊維基材,充填材等を配合した混合物を加熱・加圧下に結着成形することにより製造される。
従来より繊維基材としてアスベストを配合した摩擦材が使用されてきたが、その摩擦材は、摩擦面の高温化に伴う摩耗損傷や、摩擦係数の急激な低下・フェード現象を生じ易く、またアスベストの発がん性の問題も指摘されている。その対策として、アスベスト繊維に代え、チタン酸アルカリ金属化合物〔MTi2n+1〕、代表的にはトンネル型結晶構造を有する六チタン酸カリウム〔KTi13〕等の繊維を使用した非石綿系摩擦材の実用化が試みられている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
自動車用ブレーキ装置の小型化・軽量化等の要請に応えるには、摩擦係数が高く、広い温度範囲で高摩擦係数を安定に維持し得る摩擦材が必要である。上記六チタン酸アルカリ金属繊維は、強度,耐熱性,耐摩耗性,補強性等にすぐれ、アスベスト繊維では得られない摩擦摩耗特性を摩擦材に付与する。しかし、その摩擦材の高温域における耐フェード性,摩擦係数等は十分なもとのはいえない。
耐フェード性を更に高めることを目的として、チタン酸カリウム繊維とアルミナ・シリカ繊維とを混合して配合することも提案されているが、アルミナ・シリカ繊維は著しく硬質の物質であり、その複合配合に伴つて摩擦面の相手攻撃性が顕著となる難点を付随する。
【0004】
特開平8−53553 号公報には、チタン酸アルカリ金属繊維に代え、チタン酸カルシウム(CaTiO)からなる平均粒径1〜20μmの粉末ないし繊維を配合した摩擦材が開示されている。チタン酸カルシウムは、ペロブスカイト型結晶構造を有する合成無機化合物であり、同公報の摩擦材は、その配合効果として、前記チタン酸アルカリ金属化合物粉末を使用した摩擦材を凌ぐ摩擦摩耗特性が得られることが記載されている。
本発明は、ペロブスカイト型構造を有するチタン酸アルカリ土類金属化合物粉末を基材成分として、より高い摩擦摩耗特性を得ることを可能にした非石綿系ブレーキ用摩擦材を提供するものである。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の非石綿系ブレーキ用摩擦材は、熱硬化性樹脂を結合剤とし、基材繊維,充填材等が配合された混合物を結着成形してなる非石綿系ブレーキ用摩擦材において、複数種のペロブスカイト型チタン酸アルカリ土類金属化合物の結晶粒が結合してなる球状粒子からなる複合チタン酸化合物粉末を含有することを特徴としている。
【0006】
ペロブスカイト型結晶構造を有するチタン酸アルカリ土類金属化合物は、下記の一般式で表される。
RTiO〔式中、R: アルカリ土類金属元素〕
アルカリ土類金属元素Rは、Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba等である。前記公報に記載された摩擦材は、その1種(RがCaであるペロブスカイト型化合物)の粉末を配合したものである。これに対し、本発明の摩擦材は、2種以上のチタン酸アルカリ土類金属の結晶(例えば,CaTiOとMgTiO)が結合した球状粒子からなる複合チタン酸化合物粉末を含有し、その複合チタン酸化合物の混相構造の効果として、単相粉末を配合した摩擦材を凌ぐ改良された摩擦摩耗特性を帯有する。また、粉末が球状粒子からなるので、繊維状の粉末では困難な樹脂中への均一分散性が高く、摩擦材の均質性も良好である。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
複合チタン酸化合物粉末は、その混相効果を十分なものとするために、球状粒子を構成する複数種のペロブスカイト型化合物の各結晶相は、少なくとも10モル%を占める量比の混相構成であるのが好ましい。
また、複合チタン化合物粉末の粒径は、平均粒径約10〜100μmの粒径を有するものが適当である。10μmより微細な粒径では、粒子の凝集を生じ易く、樹脂中への均一分散が困難となり、他方100μmを超える粗大粒子では、摩擦材対面損傷性の低下傾向を生じるからである。
【0008】
上記球状粒子からなる複合チタン酸化合物の粉末として、後記参考例に示すように、所定組成の調整された原料粉末混合物を造粒し、焼成処理した後、軽度の解砕処理(振動ふるい等)を施して得られる粉末が好適に使用される。その複合粉末の球状粒子は、造粒粉とほぼ同じ球形状と粒径を有し、微細均質に析出生成した複数種のペロブスカイト型化合物の結晶(サブミクロン〜数μm)が相互に結合した混相構造を有している。
【0009】
本発明の摩擦材における複合チタン化合物粉末の配合割合は、約3〜50体積%の範囲が適当である。約3体積%より少ないと、配合効果が少なく、他方50体積%を越えると、摩擦・摩耗特性の改善効果が飽和し、それ以上に増量する利益がないからである。
【0010】
本発明の摩擦材を製造するための原料組成物は、上記複合チタン化合物粉末が配合されている点を除いて、従来一般の非石綿系摩擦材と異ならず、その製造工程にも特別の条件ないし制限は課せられない。
結合成分は、例えばフェノール樹脂,エポキシ樹脂,シリコーン樹脂等の熱硬化性樹脂、またはその変性樹脂(カシュー油変性,乾性変性,ゴム変性等)が適宜使用される。
【0011】
繊維基材は、ポリアミド繊維,アラミド繊維,フェノール繊維等の有機繊維,セラミック繊維,ガラス繊維,合成無機化合物繊維(チタン酸カリウム繊維等)の無機繊維,スチール繊維,非鉄金属繊維(黄銅,銅,アルミニウム等)の金属繊維等であり、その1種ないし2種以上が適宜配合される。繊維基材は、所望により、分散性や樹脂結合剤との結着性を高めるための表面処理として、シラン系カップリング剤またはチタネート系カップリング剤によるカップリング処理を常法に従って施したものが使用される。
【0012】
充填剤は、加硫もしくは未加硫の天然・合成ゴム粉末,カシュー樹脂粉粒,レジンダスト,ゴムダスト等の有機物粉末,黒鉛,二硫化モリブデン,三硫化アンチモン,硫酸バリウム,炭酸カルシウム等の無機物粉末,銅,アルミニウム,亜鉛,鉄等の金属粉末,アルミナ,シリカ,酸化クロム,酸化銅,酸化チタン,酸化鉄,ジルコン等の酸化物粉末等の1種なしい2種以上の粉末が適量配合される。この他、防錆剤,潤滑剤,研削剤等が必要に応じて適量添加されることも、通常の摩擦材におけるそれと異ならない。
【0013】
上記原料組成物は、冷間加圧成形等による予備成形を施された後、加熱・加圧下の結着成形(加圧力: 約10〜40MPa, 温度: 約150 〜200 ℃)に付され、結着成形の後、型から取り出され、必要に応じて熱処理(温度: 約150 〜200 ℃, 保持時間: 約1 〜12Hr)が施され、ついで機械加工,研磨加工が加えられて目的とする摩擦材に仕上げられる。
【0014】
【実施例】
(1)原料組成物の調製
表1参照。複合チタン酸化合物粉末欄の各記号は下記のとおりである。
粉末はいずれも平均粒径40μmの球状粒子からなる(粉末の製造は後記参考例による)。
(複合粉末)
粉末P1 : CaTiO / MgTiO (モル比= 1/4 )
粉末P2 : CaTiO / MgTiO (モル比= 1/2 )
粉末P3 : CaTiO / MgTiO (モル比= 2/1 )
粉末P4 : SrTiO / MgTiO (モル比= 1/4 )
粉末P5 : CaTiO / SrTiO / MgTiO (モル比=1/ 1/ 2 )
【0015】
(単相粉末)
粉末S1 : MgTiO (単相粉末)
粉末S2 : CaTiO (単相粉末)
(混合粉末)
粉末C1 : MgTiO +CaTiO (混合モル比=1/2 )
【0016】
(2)摩擦材の製造
原料組成物を予備成形(加圧力: 15MPa,温度: 常温,時間: 1分間)の後、金型による結着成形(加圧力: 15MPa,温度: 170 ℃,加圧保持時間: 5分間)に付し、成形後、脱型して乾燥炉で熱処理(180 ℃に3時間保持) する。その後、所定寸法に切断し、研磨加工を加えて供試摩擦材( ディスクパッド) を得る。
【0017】
(3)摩擦試験
JASO C 406「乗用車ブレーキ装置ダイナモメータ試験方法」による摩擦性能試験(第2効力試験)を行う。
制動初速度: 50Km / h100Km / h。
減速度 : 0.6G
試験結果を表1の下欄に示す。「対面損傷性」は、試験後の相手材(材種: FC 250)の摩耗損傷の程度を肉眼観察により対比したものであり、同欄の各記号は次のとおりである。
○: 軽微、×: 顕著。
【0018】
複合チタン酸化合物粉末が配合された発明例の摩擦材(No.1〜5)は、単相チタン酸化合物を配合した摩擦材(No.11,No.12)や、単相チタン酸化合物を混合配合した摩擦材(No.13) に比し、改良された摩擦摩耗特性を有し、従来のアスベスト繊維を使用した摩擦材(No.14) との差異は歴然である。
【0019】
【表1】

Figure 0003603978
【0020】
【参考例】
(ペロブスカイト型チタン酸アルカリ土類金属粉末の製造)
精製アナターゼ粉末と、1種または複数種のアルカリ土類金属炭酸塩の粉末を混合し、水(粉末合計重量の2倍量)を添加してスラリーとする。スプレードライヤーで噴霧乾燥して造粒粉を得る(造粒粉平均粒径: 30μm)。造粒粉をアルミナるつぼに入れ、電気炉中で焼成処理する(処理時間:1 Hr)。焼成物を振動ふるいで解砕し、ペロブスカイト型化合物の結晶からなる球状粒子の粉末P1〜P 5 ,S1 〜S2を得る(いずれも平均粒子径: 約30μm)。
表2に、出発原料の配合組成,処理条件、および製品複合チタン化合物粉末の結晶構成を示す。図1は、複合化合物粉末P3の粒子形態、図2は、単相化合物粉末S2の粒子形態をそれぞれ示している走査型電子顕微鏡像,各図とも倍率×2000)。
【0021】
【表2】
Figure 0003603978
【0022】
【発明の効果】
本発明の摩擦材は、複合チタン化合物粉末の配合効果による改良された摩擦摩耗特性を有し、自動車,車両,航空機,各種産業機械類の制動装置を構成するブレーキライニング,ディスクパッド,クラッチフェーシング等として有用であり、制動装置の小型化・軽量化等への対応を可能とし制動機能の向上・安定化、耐久性の改善等に寄与するものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の摩擦材に充填材として配合される複合ペロブスカイト型化合物粉末の粒子形態を示す図面代用顕微鏡写真(倍率×2000)である。
【図2】単相ペロブスカイト型化合物粉末の粒子形態を示す図面代用顕微鏡写真(倍率×2000)である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a friction material constituting a sliding surface such as a brake lining, a disc pad, and a clutch facing in a braking device of an automobile, a railway vehicle, an aircraft, an industrial machine, and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The friction material of the braking device is manufactured by binding and forming a mixture of a thermosetting resin (a phenol resin, an epoxy resin, or the like) as a binding component, a fiber base material, a filler, and the like under heat and pressure. You.
Conventionally, friction materials containing asbestos have been used as a fiber base material, but such friction materials are liable to cause abrasion damage due to the high temperature of the friction surface, a sharp decrease in friction coefficient, and a fade phenomenon. The problem of carcinogenicity has also been pointed out. As a countermeasure, instead of asbestos fibers, alkali metal compounds titanate [M 2 Ti n O 2n + 1], typically use fiber and potassium hexatitanate [K 2 Ti 6 O 13] having a tunnel-type crystal structure Attempts have been made to commercialize such non-asbestos-based friction materials.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In order to meet the demand for miniaturization and weight reduction of automobile brake devices, a friction material having a high friction coefficient and capable of stably maintaining a high friction coefficient in a wide temperature range is required. The alkali metal hexatitanate fiber is excellent in strength, heat resistance, abrasion resistance, reinforcing property, and the like, and imparts friction and wear characteristics that cannot be obtained with asbestos fiber to the friction material. However, the fade resistance and the friction coefficient in the high temperature range of the friction material cannot be said to be sufficient.
For the purpose of further increasing the fade resistance, it has been proposed to mix potassium titanate fiber and alumina-silica fiber and mix them. However, alumina-silica fibers are extremely hard materials, Accordingly, there is a disadvantage that the opposing aggressiveness of the friction surface becomes remarkable.
[0004]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-53553 discloses a friction material in which powder or fiber of calcium titanate (CaTiO 3 ) having an average particle diameter of 1 to 20 μm is mixed instead of alkali metal titanate fiber. Calcium titanate is a synthetic inorganic compound having a perovskite-type crystal structure, and the friction material disclosed in the publication has, as a blending effect, a friction and wear characteristic superior to that of the friction material using the alkali metal titanate compound powder. Is described.
The present invention provides a friction material for a non-asbestos-based brake, which is capable of obtaining higher friction and wear characteristics by using an alkaline earth metal titanate compound powder having a perovskite structure as a base component.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The friction material for non-asbestos brakes according to the present invention is a non-asbestos brake friction material obtained by binding and forming a mixture containing a thermosetting resin as a binder and a base fiber, a filler and the like. It is characterized by containing a composite titanate compound powder consisting of spherical particles formed by bonding crystal grains of various kinds of perovskite-type alkaline earth metal titanate compounds.
[0006]
The alkaline earth metal titanate compound having a perovskite crystal structure is represented by the following general formula.
RTiO 3 [wherein, R is an alkaline earth metal element]
The alkaline earth metal element R is Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba or the like. The friction material described in the above-mentioned publication is one in which powder of one kind (perovskite type compound in which R is Ca) is blended. On the other hand, the friction material of the present invention contains a composite titanate compound powder composed of spherical particles in which crystals of two or more kinds of alkaline earth metal titanates (for example, CaTiO 3 and MgTiO 3 ) are combined. As an effect of the mixed phase structure of the titanate compound, the friction material has improved friction and wear characteristics over the friction material containing a single phase powder. In addition, since the powder is composed of spherical particles, fibrous powder has high uniform dispersibility in a resin, which is difficult with a fibrous powder, and the friction material has good homogeneity.
[0007]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
In the composite titanate compound powder, each crystal phase of a plurality of types of perovskite-type compounds constituting the spherical particles has a mixed phase composition having an amount ratio occupying at least 10 mol% in order to make the mixed phase effect sufficient. Is preferred.
The composite titanium compound powder preferably has an average particle diameter of about 10 to 100 μm. If the particle size is smaller than 10 μm, the particles tend to aggregate, and it is difficult to uniformly disperse the particles in the resin. On the other hand, if the particle size is larger than 100 μm, the friction material facing surface tends to be reduced.
[0008]
As a powder of the composite titanate compound composed of the spherical particles, a raw material powder mixture having a predetermined composition is granulated and calcined as shown in Reference Examples below, and then lightly crushed (vibrating sieve, etc.). Is preferably used. The spherical particles of the composite powder have approximately the same spherical shape and particle size as the granulated powder, and are a mixed phase in which crystals of multiple types of perovskite-type compounds (submicron to several μm) that are precipitated and formed finely and homogeneously are mutually bonded. It has a structure.
[0009]
The compounding ratio of the composite titanium compound powder in the friction material of the present invention is suitably in the range of about 3 to 50% by volume. If the amount is less than about 3% by volume, the compounding effect is small, while if it exceeds 50% by volume, the effect of improving the friction and wear characteristics is saturated, and there is no advantage in increasing the amount further.
[0010]
The raw material composition for producing the friction material of the present invention does not differ from the conventional general non-asbestos-based friction material except that the composite titanium compound powder is blended, and the production process has special conditions. No restrictions are imposed.
As the binding component, for example, a thermosetting resin such as a phenol resin, an epoxy resin, or a silicone resin, or a modified resin thereof (modified with cashew oil, modified with dryness, modified with rubber, or the like) is appropriately used.
[0011]
Fiber base materials include organic fibers such as polyamide fibers, aramid fibers, and phenol fibers, inorganic fibers such as ceramic fibers, glass fibers, and synthetic inorganic compound fibers (such as potassium titanate fibers), steel fibers, and non-ferrous metal fibers (brass, copper, and the like). And the like, and one or more of them are appropriately blended. If desired, the fiber base material may be subjected to a coupling treatment with a silane-based coupling agent or a titanate-based coupling agent according to a conventional method as a surface treatment for enhancing dispersibility or binding with a resin binder. used.
[0012]
Fillers are organic powders such as vulcanized or unvulcanized natural or synthetic rubber powder, cashew resin powder, resin dust, rubber dust, and inorganic powder such as graphite, molybdenum disulfide, antimony trisulfide, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, etc. An appropriate amount of two or more kinds of powders, such as metal powders of copper, aluminum, zinc, iron, etc., and oxide powders of alumina, silica, chromium oxide, copper oxide, titanium oxide, iron oxide, zircon, etc. You. In addition, the addition of an appropriate amount of a rust preventive, a lubricant, a grinding agent, or the like as required does not differ from that of a normal friction material.
[0013]
The raw material composition is subjected to pre-forming such as cold pressing and the like, and then subjected to binding forming under heat and pressure (pressure: about 10 to 40 MPa, temperature: about 150 to 200 ° C.) After the binding molding, it is taken out of the mold, subjected to heat treatment (temperature: about 150 to 200 ° C., holding time: about 1 to 12 hours) as required, and then subjected to machining and polishing to achieve the intended purpose. Finished with friction material.
[0014]
【Example】
(1) Preparation of raw material composition See Table 1. The symbols in the composite titanate compound powder column are as follows.
Each of the powders is composed of spherical particles having an average particle diameter of 40 μm (the production of the powder is described in Reference Examples below).
(Composite powder)
Powder P1: CaTiO 3 / MgTiO 3 (molar ratio = 1/4)
Powder P2: CaTiO 3 / MgTiO 3 (molar ratio = 1/2)
Powder P3: CaTiO 3 / MgTiO 3 (molar ratio = 2/1)
Powder P4: SrTiO 3 / MgTiO 3 (molar ratio = 1/4)
Powder P5: CaTiO 3 / SrTiO 3 / MgTiO 3 (molar ratio = 1/1/2)
[0015]
(Single-phase powder)
Powder S1: MgTiO 3 (single phase powder)
Powder S2: CaTiO 3 (single phase powder)
(Mixed powder)
Powder C1: MgTiO 3 + CaTiO 3 (mixing molar ratio = 1 /)
[0016]
(2) Production of the friction material The raw material composition is preformed (pressing force: 15 MPa, temperature: normal temperature, time: 1 minute), and then subjected to binding molding using a die (pressing force: 15 MPa, temperature: 170 ° C., pressurization). (Holding time: 5 minutes), after molding, demolding and heat treatment in a drying oven (holding at 180 ° C. for 3 hours). Then, it is cut to a predetermined size and polished to obtain a friction material to be tested (disk pad).
[0017]
(3) Friction test A friction performance test (second efficacy test) according to JASO C 406 "Test method for passenger car brake device dynamometer" is performed.
Initial braking speed: 50 km / h , 100 km / h.
Deceleration: 0.6G
The test results are shown in the lower column of Table 1. The “face-to-face damage” is a comparison of the degree of wear damage of the mating material (material type: FC250) after the test by visual observation, and the symbols in the same column are as follows.
:: slight, ×: remarkable.
[0018]
The friction materials (Nos. 1 to 5) of the invention examples in which the composite titanate compound powder is blended include the friction materials (No. 11, No. 12) in which the single-phase titanate compound is blended and the single-phase titanate compound. It has improved friction and wear characteristics compared to the mixed and blended friction material (No. 13), and is clearly different from the friction material using the conventional asbestos fiber (No. 14).
[0019]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003603978
[0020]
[Reference example]
(Production of perovskite-type alkaline earth metal titanate powder)
The purified anatase powder and one or more kinds of alkaline earth metal carbonate powders are mixed, and water (twice the total weight of the powder) is added to form a slurry. The granulated powder is obtained by spray drying with a spray dryer (average particle size of the granulated powder: 30 μm). The granulated powder is placed in an alumina crucible and fired in an electric furnace (processing time: 1 hr). The fired product is pulverized with a vibrating sieve to obtain powders P1 to P5 and S1 to S2 of spherical particles composed of crystals of a perovskite compound (all of which have an average particle diameter of about 30 μm).
Table 2 shows the composition of the starting materials, the processing conditions, and the crystal structure of the product composite titanium compound powder. FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image showing the particle morphology of the composite compound powder P3, and FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image showing the particle morphology of the single-phase compound powder S2.
[0021]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003603978
[0022]
【The invention's effect】
The friction material of the present invention has improved friction and wear characteristics due to the compounding effect of the composite titanium compound powder, and includes brake linings, disk pads, clutch facings, etc., which constitute braking devices for automobiles, vehicles, aircraft, and various industrial machines. This makes it possible to reduce the size and weight of the braking device, and contributes to improving and stabilizing the braking function, improving the durability, and the like.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a micrograph (magnification × 2000) showing the particle morphology of a composite perovskite compound powder blended as a filler in the friction material of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a drawing-substituting micrograph (× 2000) showing the particle morphology of the single-phase perovskite compound powder.

Claims (3)

熱硬化性樹脂を結合剤とし、基材繊維、充填材等が配合された混合物を結着成形してなる非石綿系ブレーキ用摩擦材において、
複数種のペロブスカイト型チタン酸アルカリ土類金属化合物の結晶粒が結合してなる球状粒子からなる複合チタン酸化合物粉末を含有することを特徴とする非石綿系摩擦材。
Thermosetting resin as a binder, non-asbestos-based brake friction material obtained by binding and molding a mixture of base fiber, filler, etc.,
A non-asbestos-based friction material comprising a composite titanate compound powder comprising spherical particles formed by combining crystal grains of a plurality of kinds of perovskite-type alkaline earth metal titanate compounds.
複合チタン酸化合物粉末の球状粒子を構成する複数種のペロブスカイト型化合物の各結晶相は、少なくとも10モル%を占める量比を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の非石綿系摩擦材。The non-asbestos-based friction material according to claim 1, wherein each crystal phase of a plurality of kinds of perovskite-type compounds constituting the spherical particles of the composite titanate compound powder has an amount ratio occupying at least 10 mol%. 球状粒子の平均粒径は、10〜100μmであることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の非石綿系摩擦材。The non-asbestos-based friction material according to claim 1, wherein the spherical particles have an average particle size of 10 to 100 μm.
JP09052197A 1997-01-31 1997-04-09 Non-asbestos friction material Expired - Lifetime JP3603978B2 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

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JP09052197A JP3603978B2 (en) 1997-04-09 1997-04-09 Non-asbestos friction material
US08/995,020 US5962551A (en) 1997-01-31 1997-12-19 Powder of titanium compounds
KR1019970081836A KR100474068B1 (en) 1997-01-31 1997-12-31 Powder of titanium compounds
EP98100174A EP0856489A1 (en) 1997-01-31 1998-01-07 Powder of titanium compounds

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