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JP3605632B2 - High-strength porous alumina and method for producing the same - Google Patents
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JP3605632B2 - High-strength porous alumina and method for producing the same - Google Patents

High-strength porous alumina and method for producing the same Download PDF

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JP3605632B2
JP3605632B2 JP2000318932A JP2000318932A JP3605632B2 JP 3605632 B2 JP3605632 B2 JP 3605632B2 JP 2000318932 A JP2000318932 A JP 2000318932A JP 2000318932 A JP2000318932 A JP 2000318932A JP 3605632 B2 JP3605632 B2 JP 3605632B2
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alumina
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porosity
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JP2002128562A (en
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達樹 大司
承鐸 呉
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National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
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    • C04B38/00Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/0087Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by generating pores in the ceramic material while in the molten state
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    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
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    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
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    • C04B2111/00474Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
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    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、機械的強度の優れたアルミナ多孔体、及びその製造方法に関するものであり、更に詳しくは、パルス通電焼結技術を用いて、高気孔率と高強度を両立させた高強度アルミナ多孔体を、例えば、ホットプレス焼結に比べて低温度で製造することを可能とする新しいアルミナ多孔体の製造方法、及びそのアルミナ多孔体に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来から、セラミックス多孔体は耐熱性、耐熱衝撃性、耐薬品性、常温及び高温強度特性、軽量性などに優れているため、各種フィルター(ガス分離、固体分離、除菌、除塵など)、触媒担体、分離膜担体などとして、不可欠の工業材料となっている。
【0003】
しかし、最近ではフィルターや触媒担体、分離膜担体等の用途において、より高い気孔率でより高い強度が要求され、従来のセラミックス多孔体ではこれらの要求を満ことが困難になりつつある。
【0004】
通常の焼結法で作製されるアルミナ多孔体は、文献 (D.C.C.Lam,F.F.Lange and A.G.Evans,“Mechanical Properties of Partially Dense AluminaProduced from Powder Compact,”J.Am.Ceram.Soc.,77〔8〕2113−17(1994))に報告されているように、き裂状の気孔が生成されることが多く、このため、機械的強度が著しく低く、実用化が困難である。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上述のように、焼結法によりアルミナ多孔体の作製が試みられているが、高い気孔率と優れた機械的強度を両立することは困難である。特にフィルターや触媒担体、分離膜担体として利用するには、高い気孔率と優れた機械的強度を有するアルミナ多孔体が必要である。
このような状況の中で、本発明者らは、上記従来技術に鑑みて、高い気孔率と高強度を両立できる新しいアルミナ多孔体の製造技術を開発することを目標として種々研究を重ねた結果、パルス通電焼結を用いてアルミナ焼結体を作製することにより優れた特性をもつアルミナ多孔体が得られることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
すなわち、本発明は、パルス通電焼結技術により、機械的強度に優れるアルミナ多孔体を製造する方法を提供することを目的とする。
また、本発明は、パルス通電焼結技術により、セラミックス粒子間の局所加熱とそれによるネック成長を促進させるとともに組織を微細化することにより、機械的強度に優れたアルミナ多孔体、並びにその製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
更に、本発明は、上記アルミナ多孔体の用途発明としてのフィルター、触媒担体、分離膜担体を提供することを目的とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するための本発明は、以下の技術的手段から構成される。
(1)高気孔率と高強度を両立させた高強度アルミナ多孔体を製造する方法であって、アルミナ粉末を主成分とし、アルミナ以外のセラミックス成分として炭化ケイ素を多くても20体積%含有する成型体をパルス通電焼結により、1)アルミナ粒子間の局所加熱を誘起させ、それによりネック成長を促進させるとともに組織を微細化する、2)アルミナ粉末を粒子間の収縮や緻密化を伴わないで焼結する、ことにより、アルミナ多孔体とすることを特徴とする、高強度アルミナ多孔体の製造方法。
(2)平均粒子径0.05〜2μmのアルミナ粉末を主成分として含む成型体を800〜1500℃、10Pa以下の真空で1〜100MPaの圧縮負荷をかけパルス通電焼結することを特徴とする、前記(1)に記載のセラミックス多孔体の製造方法。
(3)炭化ケイ素が、平均粒子径が0.5μm以下の微粒子であることを特徴とする、前記(1)に記載の高強度アルミナ多孔体の製造方法。
(4)気孔率30%で130MPa、気孔率20%で240MPaの高い強度を得ることを可能とすることを特徴とする、前記(1)から(3)のいずれかに記載の高強度アルミナ多孔体の製造方法。
(5)前記(1)から(4)のいずれかに記載の製造方法で作製された、高気孔率と高強度を両立させた高強度アルミナ多孔体であって、アルミナ粉末を主成分とし、アルミナ以外のセラミックス成分として炭化ケイ素を多くても20体積%含有する成型体をパルス通電焼結により、1)アルミナ粒子間の局所加熱を誘起させ、それによりネック成長を促進させるとともに組織を微細化する、2)アルミナ粉末を粒子間の収縮や緻密化を伴わないで焼結する、ことにより得られる、気孔率30%で130MPa、気孔率20%で240MPaの高い強度を得ることができるように高気孔率と高強度を両立させた高強度アルミナ多孔体。
(6)前記(5)に記載のアルミナ多孔体を用いて成るフィルター。
(7)前記(5)に記載のアルミナ多孔体を用いて成る触媒担体。
(8)前記(5)に記載のアルミナ多孔体を用いて成る分離膜担体。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に、本発明について更に詳細に説明する。
本発明に係るアルミナ多孔体の製造方法は、アルミナ粉末を原料粉末として用い、パルス通電焼結法(PECS)により焼成処理することを特徴としている。また、本発明は、上記粉末の成型体を10〜100℃毎分の速度で、800〜1500℃の温度まで昇温して、10Pa以下の真空で、1〜100MPaの圧縮負荷をかけ、0〜2時間、焼成させることを特徴としている。
更に、本発明は、上記方法において、炭化ケイ素を0〜20体積%添加することを好適な態様としている。
【0008】
本発明では、パルス通電焼結により、アルミナ粒子間の局所加熱を誘起させ、それにより、ネック成長を促進させるとともに組織を微細化することにより、高強度の多孔体が得られる。すなわち、高い電気抵抗に基づく粒子間の選択的な局所加熱は好適にネック成長を促進する。また、アルミナ粒子間に炭化ケイ素ナノ粒子を分散させることにより、組織のさらなる微細化とともに、アルミナ−アルミナ粒界が強化され、更なるアルミナ多孔体の強度の向上が可能となる。
【0009】
本発明の方法を更に詳しく説明すると、アルミナ粉末を出発原料とし、平均粒子径が0.5μm以下、好適には、0〜0.3μmの炭化ケイ素粉末を0〜20体積%、好ましくは0〜10体積%混合する。この場合、混合粉末をエタノール中等で、アルミナボールなどにより2〜48時間粉砕し、更に乾燥した混合粉末の乾式混合を2〜48時間行うことが好ましい。このような粉砕及び混合を行う意味は、アルミナ及び炭化ケイ素粉末を微細化するとともに、微細化した炭化ケイ素粒子の分布を均質にするためである。使用するアルミナ粉末としては高純度のものが好ましく、平均粒子径は0.05〜2μm、好適には0.1〜0.5μmである。
これらの粉末成形体をグラファイトダイに置き、10〜100℃毎分の速度で、800〜1500℃の温度まで昇温して、10Pa以下の真空で、1〜100MPaの圧縮負荷をかけ、0〜2時間、パルス通電焼結を行う。
【0010】
本発明によるアルミナ多孔体の製造方法において、パルス通電焼結を用いることにより、接触面積の小さいセラミックス粒子間では、電気抵抗が高くなり、局所的に温度が増大する。また、文献(N.Tamari,T.Tanaka,K.Tanaka,I.Kondoh,M.Kawahara and M.Tokita,“Effect of Spark Plasma Sintering on Densification and Mechanical Properties of Silicon Carbide,”J.Ceram.Soc.Jpn.,103〔7〕740−42(1995))で報告されているように、非伝導性材料の緻密化の初期段階では粒子間に大きな放電があり、これにより、セラミックス粒子間の温度は更に増大する。このような選択的な局所加熱は、粒子間のネック成長を促進させる。
【0011】
また、パルス通電焼結を用いた場合、通常の焼結技術と比べて、低い温度で物質移動が活性化される。物質移動の機構としては、蒸発・凝固、表面拡散、粒界拡散、体積拡散があるが、低い温度では蒸発・凝固や表面拡散などが、高い温度では粒界拡散や体積拡散が活性化する。蒸発・凝固や表面拡散などによる物質移動は、粒子間の収縮や緻密化を伴わないのに対し、粒界拡散や体積拡散では、粒子間が収縮し、密度が増加する。従って、パルス通電焼結技術のように低い温度で物質移動が活性化する場合は、密度の増加は抑制され、粒子間のネック成長のみが促進される。また、粒子間収縮による粒子の粗大化がないために、焼成前の粒子径が保持され、結果として組織が微細化される。
【0012】
本発明によるアルミナ多孔体の製造方法において、微細な炭化ケイ素粒子を分散させると、アルミナ粒子の粒成長が抑制されるために組織は更に微細化する。また、文献 (T.Ohji,Y.−K.Jeong,Y.−H.Choa and K.Niihara,“Strengthening and Toughening Mechanisms of Ceramic Nanocomposites,”J.Am.Ceram.Soc.,81〔6〕1453−60(1998))で報告されているように、アルミナ粒子間の微細な炭化ケイ素粒子により、アルミナ粒子間の粒界は強化される。
【0013】
上記のことにより、本発明の方法により作製されたアルミナ多孔体は、例えば、以下に例示されるように、従来のアルミナ多孔体にはない優れた機械的強度を示す。
気孔率30%で130MPa
気孔率20%で240MPa
本発明のアルミナ多孔体は、このような特性を利用して、フィルターや触媒担体、分離膜担体などとして有用である。
【0014】
【作用】
本発明では、パルス通電焼結により、アルミナ粒子間の局所加熱を誘起させ、それにより、ネック成長を促進させるとともに組織を微細化することが特徴である。更に、アルミナ粒子間に微細な炭化ケイ素ナノ粒子を分散させることにより、組織が更に微細化されるとともに、アルミナ−アルミナ粒界が強化される。
本発明では、パルス通電焼結により、低い温度でアルミナ焼結体を作製できるので、密度の増加は抑制され、粒子間のネック成長が促進される。また、粒子間の収縮、粒子の粗大化がないため、焼成前の粒子径が保持され、組織が微細化される。
本発明によるアルミナ多孔体は、従来のアルミナ多孔体と比較して優れた機械的強度を示す。
【0015】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例に基づき詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例によって何ら限定されるものではない。
実施例1
(1)測定方法
1.多孔質焼結体の密度及び気孔率はアルキメデス法で測定した。
2.強度は、焼結体より3mm×2mm×23mmの曲げ試験片を、切削及び研削加工により作製し、スパン16mmの3点曲げ試験を0.5mm毎分の変位速度で、室温で行うことにより測定した。
3.各試料の粒子の状態、細孔構造は走査電子顕微鏡(SEM)にて観察した。なお、試料には、必要に応じてAu、Ptを蒸着させた。
【0016】
(2)方法
高純度アルミナ粉末(平均粒子径:0.2μm)をエタノール中で、直径5mmの高純度アルミナボールにより24時間粉砕した。次に、乾燥した粉末の乾燥ボールミルを24時間行った。この粉末を内径30mmのグラファイトダイにつめ、スパークプラズマ焼結システム(住友石炭鉱業(株)製、SPS−2080)において800℃〜1500℃の温度、6Paの真空下で5.5MPaの圧縮負荷をかけて、パルス通電焼結を行った。昇温速度は30℃毎分とした。得られたアルミナ多孔体の焼結条件及び気孔率と強度の測定結果を表1に示す。また、焼結温度と密度の関係を図1に、密度と強度の関係を図4に示す。
また、950℃で15分のパルス通電焼結により作製したアルミナ多孔体の断面のSEM写真を図2(a)に示す。
【0017】
【表1】

Figure 0003605632
【0018】
実施例2
高純度アルミナ粉末(平均粒子径:0.2μm)とβ型炭化ケイ素粉末(平均粒子径:0.3μm)の混合粉末をエタノール中で、直径5mmの高純度アルミナボールにより24時間粉砕した。次に乾燥した混合粉末の乾燥ボールミルを24時間行った。この混合粉末を内径30mmのグラファイトダイにつめ、スパークプラズマ焼結システム(住友石炭鉱業(株)製、SPS−2080)において800℃〜1500℃の温度、6Paの真空下で5.5MPaの圧縮負荷をかけて、パルス通電焼結を行った。昇温速度は30℃毎分とした。粒界タイプ(intergranular−type)のナノ複合体(nanocomposite )としての複合体が得られた。得られたアルミナ多孔体の焼結条件及び気孔率と強度の測定結果を表2に示す。また、焼結温度と密度の関係を図1に、密度と強度の関係を図4に示す。
また、1000℃で15分のパルス通電焼結により作製したアルミナ多孔体の断面のSEM写真を図3に示す。
【0019】
【表2】
Figure 0003605632
【0020】
比較例
高純度アルミナ粉末(平均粒子径:0.2μm)をエタノール中で、直径5mmの高純度アルミナボールにより24時間粉砕した。次に、乾燥した粉末の乾燥ボールミルを24時間行った。この粉末を内径30mmのグラファイトダイにつめ、800℃〜1500℃の温度、6Paの真空下で5.5MPaのホットプレス焼結を行った。昇温速度は30℃毎分とした。得られたアルミナ多孔体の焼結条件及び気孔率と強度の測定結果を表3に示す。また、焼結温度と密度の関係を図1に、密度と強度の関係を図4に示す。
また、1300℃で15分のホットプレス焼結により作製したアルミナ多孔体の断面のSEM写真を図2(b)に示す。
【0021】
【表3】
Figure 0003605632
【0022】
上記した実施例1及び2の結果を、比較例の結果と比べると、本発明のアルミナ多孔体では、セラミックス粒子間のネック成長が促進される(図2(b))とともに組織が微細化され(図3)、優れた機械的強度を示す。特に、実施例2の炭化ケイ素粒子を分散させたアルミナ多孔体では、気孔率30%で130MPa、気孔率20%で240MPaの高い強度を得ることができる。ナノメーターサイズのSiC粒子(図3の矢印で示される)が主にマトリックス粒子の粒界に存在し、粒界強度を向上させる。
パルス通電焼結により作製したアルミナ多孔体は、ホットプレス焼結により作製したアルミナ焼結体に比べて、低い焼結温度で高密度化が達成される。
パルス通電焼結により作製したアルミナ多孔体の強度は、粒子の微細化とネック成長によると考えられる。
Al/SiC複合体の破断強度は、全ての密度範囲において著しく増強された。
【0023】
【発明の効果】
以上、詳述したように、本発明によれば、1)アルミナ粒子間の選択的な局所加熱を誘起させ、それにより、粒子間のネック成長が促進されるとともに組織が微細化された高強度アルミナ多孔体が得られる、2)アルミナ粉末を粒子間の収縮や緻密化を伴わないで焼結してアルミナ多孔体とすることができる、3)このようなアルミナ多孔体は高気孔率と高強度が両立できるので、フィルターや触媒担体、分離膜担体などとしての用途が期待できる、という格別の効果が得られる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】アルミナ多孔体(●)と炭化ケイ素分散複合体(○)のホットプレス(Hotpressing)及びパルス通電焼結(PECS)による焼結温度と密度の関係を示す。
【図2】1300℃で15分のホットプレス(a)と950℃で15分のPECS(b)により作製した密度81%のアルミナ多孔体Al の断面のSEM写真(矢印はネック成長)を示す。
【図3】1000℃で15分のPECSにより作製したAl /5体積%−SiCのナノ複合体の断面のSEM写真(矢印はSiC粒子)を示す。
【図4】ホットプレス(HP)及びPECSによる焼結後のアルミナ多孔体と炭化ケイ素分散複合体の密度と強度の関係を示す。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a porous alumina body having excellent mechanical strength and a method for producing the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a high-strength alumina porous body having both high porosity and high strength by using a pulse current sintering technique. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a new method for producing a porous alumina body, which allows a body to be produced at a lower temperature than, for example, hot press sintering, and to the alumina porous body.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, porous ceramics have excellent heat resistance, thermal shock resistance, chemical resistance, room temperature and high temperature strength properties, light weight, etc., so various filters (gas separation, solid separation, sterilization, dust removal, etc.), catalysts It has become an indispensable industrial material as a carrier and a separation membrane carrier.
[0003]
However, recently, higher porosity and higher strength are required for applications such as filters, catalyst carriers, and separation membrane carriers, and it is becoming difficult for conventional ceramic porous bodies to satisfy these requirements.
[0004]
Alumina porous bodies produced by a usual sintering method are described in literatures (DCC Lam, FF Language and AG Evans, "Mechanical Properties of Partially Dense Alumina Produced From Powder, Compactor." Am. Ceram. Soc., 77 [8] 2113-17 (1994)), crack-like pores are often generated, and therefore, the mechanical strength is extremely low, and the Is difficult.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, production of a porous alumina body by a sintering method has been attempted, but it is difficult to achieve both high porosity and excellent mechanical strength. In particular, for use as a filter, a catalyst carrier, or a separation membrane carrier, an alumina porous body having high porosity and excellent mechanical strength is required.
Under these circumstances, the present inventors have conducted various studies with the aim of developing a new technique for manufacturing a porous alumina body capable of achieving both high porosity and high strength in view of the above-described conventional techniques. The present inventors have found that a porous alumina body having excellent properties can be obtained by producing a sintered alumina body by using pulse current sintering, and have completed the present invention.
That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a porous alumina body having excellent mechanical strength by a pulse current sintering technique.
Further, the present invention provides a porous alumina body having excellent mechanical strength by promoting local heating between ceramic particles and thereby promoting neck growth by a pulse current sintering technique and making the structure finer, and a method for producing the same. The purpose is to provide.
Further, another object of the present invention is to provide a filter, a catalyst carrier, and a separation membrane carrier as use inventions of the above porous alumina body.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems includes the following technical means.
(1) A method for producing a high-strength alumina porous material having both high porosity and high strength, comprising alumina powder as a main component and at most 20% by volume of silicon carbide as a ceramic component other than alumina. By pulse current sintering of the compact, 1) local heating between alumina particles is induced, thereby promoting neck growth and making the structure finer. 2) Alumina powder is not accompanied by shrinkage or densification between particles. And producing a porous alumina body by sintering.
(2) A pulse-current sintering is performed by applying a compression load of 1 to 100 MPa to a molded body containing alumina powder having an average particle diameter of 0.05 to 2 μm as a main component at 800 to 1500 ° C. under a vacuum of 10 Pa or less. The method for producing a porous ceramic body according to (1).
(3) The method for producing a high-strength alumina porous body according to (1), wherein the silicon carbide is fine particles having an average particle diameter of 0.5 μm or less.
(4) Porosity 130MPa at 30%, is characterized that you allow the in porosity of 20% to obtain a high strength of 240 MPa, a high strength alumina according to any one of (1) to (3) A method for producing a porous body.
(5) A high-strength alumina porous material having both high porosity and high strength, which is produced by the production method according to any one of (1) to (4) above, comprising alumina powder as a main component, Pulse current sintering of a compact containing at most 20% by volume of silicon carbide as a ceramic component other than alumina by pulse current sintering: 1) Induce local heating between alumina particles, thereby promoting neck growth and refining the structure 2) sintering the alumina powder without shrinkage or densification between the particles so that a high strength of 130 MPa at a porosity of 30% and 240 MPa at a porosity of 20% can be obtained. High-strength alumina porous material that has both high porosity and high strength.
(6) A filter using the alumina porous body according to (5).
(7) A catalyst carrier comprising the alumina porous body according to (5).
(8) A separation membrane carrier comprising the alumina porous body according to (5).
[0007]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail.
The method for producing a porous alumina body according to the present invention is characterized in that alumina powder is used as a raw material powder and firing treatment is performed by a pulse current sintering method (PECS). In addition, the present invention provides a method of heating the molded body of the powder at a rate of 10 to 100 ° C. per minute to a temperature of 800 to 1500 ° C., applying a compression load of 1 to 100 MPa in a vacuum of 10 Pa or less, and applying a compression load of 0 to 100 MPa. It is characterized by firing for up to 2 hours.
Furthermore, the present invention is a preferable embodiment in which 0 to 20% by volume of silicon carbide is added in the above method.
[0008]
In the present invention, a high-strength porous body can be obtained by inducing local heating between alumina particles by pulse electric current sintering, thereby promoting neck growth and making the structure finer. That is, selective local heating between particles based on high electrical resistance suitably promotes neck growth. Further, by dispersing the silicon carbide nanoparticles between the alumina particles, the alumina-alumina grain boundary is strengthened while the structure is further refined, and the strength of the alumina porous body can be further improved.
[0009]
The method of the present invention will be described in more detail. Starting from alumina powder, silicon carbide powder having an average particle diameter of 0.5 μm or less, preferably 0 to 0.3 μm, is contained in an amount of 0 to 20% by volume, preferably 0 to 20% by volume. Mix 10% by volume. In this case, it is preferable that the mixed powder is pulverized with an alumina ball or the like in ethanol or the like for 2 to 48 hours, and the dry mixed powder is dry-mixed for 2 to 48 hours. The purpose of such pulverization and mixing is to make the alumina and silicon carbide powder finer and to make the distribution of the finely divided silicon carbide particles uniform. The alumina powder to be used is preferably of high purity, and has an average particle size of 0.05 to 2 μm, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 μm.
These powder compacts are placed on a graphite die, heated at a rate of 10 to 100 ° C. per minute to a temperature of 800 to 1500 ° C., and under a vacuum of 10 Pa or less, a compression load of 1 to 100 MPa is applied, and a pressure of 0 to 100 MPa is applied. Pulse electric current sintering is performed for 2 hours.
[0010]
In the method for producing a porous alumina body according to the present invention, by using pulse current sintering, the electrical resistance increases between ceramic particles having a small contact area, and the temperature locally increases. In addition, literatures (N. Tamari, T. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, I. Kondoh, M. Kawahara and M. Tokyo, "Effect of Spark Plasma sintering on a dairy component of a dairy product, a license to a contractor). Jpn., 103 [7] 740-42 (1995)), there is a large discharge between the particles in the initial stage of densification of the non-conductive material, and the temperature between the ceramic particles is thereby reduced. Further increase. Such selective local heating promotes neck growth between particles.
[0011]
In addition, when pulse current sintering is used, mass transfer is activated at a lower temperature than in a normal sintering technique. The mechanism of mass transfer includes evaporation / solidification, surface diffusion, grain boundary diffusion, and volume diffusion. At low temperatures, evaporation / solidification and surface diffusion are activated, and at high temperatures, grain boundary diffusion and volume diffusion are activated. Mass transfer due to evaporation / solidification or surface diffusion does not involve shrinkage or densification between particles, whereas grain boundary diffusion or volume diffusion shrinks between particles and increases density. Therefore, when mass transfer is activated at a low temperature as in the pulse current sintering technique, the increase in density is suppressed, and only neck growth between particles is promoted. Further, since there is no coarsening of the particles due to the contraction between the particles, the particle diameter before firing is maintained, and as a result, the structure is refined.
[0012]
In the method for producing a porous alumina body according to the present invention, when fine silicon carbide particles are dispersed, the structure is further refined because the growth of alumina particles is suppressed. In addition, literatures (T. Ohji, Y.-K. Jeong, Y.-H. Choa and K. Niihara, "Strengthening and Toughening Mechanisms of Ceramic Nanocomposites," J. Am. Ser. -60 (1998)), the fine silicon carbide particles between the alumina particles strengthen the grain boundaries between the alumina particles.
[0013]
As described above, the porous alumina produced by the method of the present invention exhibits, for example, excellent mechanical strength not exhibited by the conventional porous alumina, as exemplified below.
130MPa with porosity of 30%
240MPa with 20% porosity
The alumina porous body of the present invention is useful as a filter, a catalyst carrier, a separation membrane carrier, etc. by utilizing such properties.
[0014]
[Action]
The present invention is characterized in that pulse electric current sintering induces local heating between alumina particles, thereby promoting neck growth and miniaturizing the structure. Further, by dispersing fine silicon carbide nanoparticles between the alumina particles, the structure is further refined and the alumina-alumina grain boundary is strengthened.
In the present invention, an alumina sintered body can be produced at a low temperature by pulse current sintering, so that an increase in density is suppressed and neck growth between particles is promoted. In addition, since there is no shrinkage between particles and coarsening of particles, the particle diameter before firing is maintained and the structure is refined.
The porous alumina according to the present invention exhibits excellent mechanical strength as compared with the conventional porous alumina.
[0015]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
(1) Measurement method The density and porosity of the porous sintered body were measured by the Archimedes method.
2. The strength is measured by preparing a bending test piece of 3 mm x 2 mm x 23 mm from the sintered body by cutting and grinding, and performing a three-point bending test with a span of 16 mm at a displacement speed of 0.5 mm per minute at room temperature. did.
3. The state of the particles and the pore structure of each sample were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Note that Au and Pt were deposited on the sample as needed.
[0016]
(2) Method High-purity alumina powder (average particle diameter: 0.2 μm) was ground in ethanol with high-purity alumina balls having a diameter of 5 mm for 24 hours. Next, a dry ball mill of the dried powder was performed for 24 hours. This powder was packed in a graphite die having an inner diameter of 30 mm, and a compression load of 5.5 MPa was applied in a spark plasma sintering system (SPS-2080, manufactured by Sumitomo Coal Mining Co., Ltd.) at a temperature of 800 to 1500 ° C. under a vacuum of 6 Pa. Then, pulse electric current sintering was performed. The heating rate was 30 ° C. per minute. Table 1 shows the sintering conditions and the measurement results of the porosity and the strength of the obtained alumina porous body. FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the sintering temperature and the density, and FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the density and the strength.
FIG. 2A shows an SEM photograph of a cross section of the porous alumina body produced by pulse current sintering at 950 ° C. for 15 minutes.
[0017]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003605632
[0018]
Example 2
A mixed powder of high-purity alumina powder (average particle diameter: 0.2 μm) and β-type silicon carbide powder (average particle diameter: 0.3 μm) was ground in ethanol with high-purity alumina balls having a diameter of 5 mm for 24 hours. Next, a dry ball mill of the dried mixed powder was performed for 24 hours. This mixed powder is packed in a graphite die having an inner diameter of 30 mm, and is subjected to a compression load of 5.5 MPa in a spark plasma sintering system (SPS-2080, manufactured by Sumitomo Coal Mining Co., Ltd.) at a temperature of 800 to 1500 ° C. under a vacuum of 6 Pa. And pulse current sintering was performed. The heating rate was 30 ° C. per minute. The composite was obtained as an intergranular-type nanocomposite. Table 2 shows the sintering conditions and the measurement results of porosity and strength of the obtained alumina porous body. FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the sintering temperature and the density, and FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the density and the strength.
FIG. 3 shows an SEM photograph of a cross section of the alumina porous body produced by pulse current sintering at 1000 ° C. for 15 minutes.
[0019]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003605632
[0020]
Comparative Example High-purity alumina powder (average particle diameter: 0.2 μm) was ground in ethanol with high-purity alumina balls having a diameter of 5 mm for 24 hours. Next, a dry ball mill of the dried powder was performed for 24 hours. This powder was packed in a graphite die having an inner diameter of 30 mm, and hot-press sintered at 5.5 MPa at a temperature of 800 ° C. to 1500 ° C. under a vacuum of 6 Pa. The heating rate was 30 ° C. per minute. Table 3 shows the sintering conditions and the measurement results of the porosity and the strength of the obtained alumina porous body. FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the sintering temperature and the density, and FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the density and the strength.
FIG. 2B shows an SEM photograph of a cross section of the alumina porous body produced by hot press sintering at 1300 ° C. for 15 minutes.
[0021]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003605632
[0022]
Comparing the results of Examples 1 and 2 with the results of Comparative Example, in the porous alumina body of the present invention, neck growth between ceramic particles is promoted (FIG. 2B), and the structure is refined. (FIG. 3), showing excellent mechanical strength. In particular, in the alumina porous body in which the silicon carbide particles of Example 2 are dispersed, high strength of 130 MPa at a porosity of 30% and 240 MPa at a porosity of 20% can be obtained. Nanometer-sized SiC particles (indicated by arrows in FIG. 3) mainly exist at the grain boundaries of the matrix particles, and improve the grain boundary strength.
Porous alumina produced by pulse electric current sintering achieves higher density at a lower sintering temperature than alumina sintered body produced by hot press sintering.
It is considered that the strength of the alumina porous body produced by pulse electric current sintering is due to finer particles and neck growth.
The breaking strength of the Al 2 O 3 / SiC composite was significantly enhanced in all density ranges.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the present invention, 1) selective local heating between alumina particles is induced, whereby neck growth between particles is promoted and the structure is refined to high strength. A porous alumina body can be obtained. 2) Alumina powder can be sintered into a porous alumina body without shrinkage or densification between particles. 3) Such a porous alumina body has a high porosity and a high porosity. Since both strengths can be achieved, a special effect is obtained in that the use as a filter, a catalyst carrier, a separation membrane carrier, etc. can be expected.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the sintering temperature and density of a porous alumina body (●) and a silicon carbide dispersion composite (○) by hot pressing and pulse current sintering (PECS).
FIG. 2 is a SEM photograph of a cross section of an alumina porous body Al 2 O 3 having a density of 81% manufactured by hot pressing (a) at 1300 ° C. for 15 minutes and PECS (b) at 950 ° C. for 15 minutes (arrows indicate neck growth). ).
[3] 1000 ° C. in Al 2 was prepared by 15 minutes of PECS O 3/5 cross-sectional SEM photograph of the volume% -SiC nanocomposite (arrow SiC particles) shows a.
FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the density and strength of a porous alumina body and a silicon carbide dispersion composite after sintering by hot pressing (HP) and PECS.

Claims (8)

高気孔率と高強度を両立させた高強度アルミナ多孔体を製造する方法であって、アルミナ粉末を主成分とし、アルミナ以外のセラミックス成分として炭化ケイ素を多くても20体積%含有する成型体をパルス通電焼結により、1)アルミナ粒子間の局所加熱を誘起させ、それによりネック成長を促進させるとともに組織を微細化する、2)アルミナ粉末を粒子間の収縮や緻密化を伴わないで焼結する、ことにより、アルミナ多孔体とすることを特徴とする、高強度アルミナ多孔体の製造方法。A method for producing a high-strength porous alumina body having both high porosity and high strength, comprising a molded body containing alumina powder as a main component and containing at most 20% by volume of silicon carbide as a ceramic component other than alumina. Pulse current sintering 1) induces local heating between alumina particles, thereby promoting neck growth and making the structure finer, 2) sintering alumina powder without shrinkage or densification between particles A method for producing a high-strength porous alumina body, whereby the porous alumina body is obtained. 平均粒子径0.05〜2μmのアルミナ粉末を主成分として含む成型体を800〜1500℃、10Pa以下の真空で1〜100MPaの圧縮負荷をかけパルス通電焼結することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のセラミックス多孔体の製造方法。The pulse-current sintering is performed by applying a compression load of 1 to 100 MPa to a molded body containing alumina powder having an average particle diameter of 0.05 to 2 μm as a main component at a temperature of 800 to 1500 ° C. and a vacuum of 10 Pa or less under a pulsed current. 2. The method for producing a porous ceramic body according to 1. 炭化ケイ素が、平均粒子径が0.5μm以下の微粒子であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の高強度アルミナ多孔体の製造方法。The method for producing a high-strength alumina porous body according to claim 1, wherein the silicon carbide is fine particles having an average particle diameter of 0.5 µm or less. 気孔率30%で130MPa、気孔率20%で240MPaの高い強度を得ることを可能とすることを特徴とする、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の高強度アルミナ多孔体の製造方法。 130MPa with porosity of 30% and characterized that you allow the in porosity of 20% to obtain a high strength of 240 MPa, the method of producing a high strength alumina porous body according to any one of claims 1 to 3. 請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の製造方法で作製された、高気孔率と高強度を両立させた高強度アルミナ多孔体であって、アルミナ粉末を主成分とし、アルミナ以外のセラミックス成分として炭化ケイ素を多くても20体積%含有する成型体をパルス通電焼結により、1)アルミナ粒子間の局所加熱を誘起させ、それによりネック成長を促進させるとともに組織を微細化する、2)アルミナ粉末を粒子間の収縮や緻密化を伴わないで焼結する、ことにより得られる、気孔率30%で130MPa、気孔率20%で240MPaの高い強度を得ることができるように高気孔率と高強度を両立させた高強度アルミナ多孔体。 A high-strength alumina porous material having both high porosity and high strength , produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , comprising alumina powder as a main component and a ceramic component other than alumina. Pulse current sintering of a compact containing at most 20% by volume of silicon carbide, 1) induces local heating between alumina particles, thereby promoting neck growth and miniaturizing the structure. 2) Alumina powder Sintering without shrinkage or densification between particles. High porosity and high strength to obtain high strength of 130 MPa at 30% porosity and 240 MPa at 20% porosity. A high-strength porous alumina body that balances both. 請求項5に記載のアルミナ多孔体を用いて成るフィルター。A filter comprising the alumina porous body according to claim 5. 請求項5に記載のアルミナ多孔体を用いて成る触媒担体。A catalyst carrier comprising the alumina porous body according to claim 5. 請求項5に記載のアルミナ多孔体を用いて成る分離膜担体。A separation membrane carrier comprising the alumina porous body according to claim 5.
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