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JP3606685B2 - Probe pin and contactor having the same - Google Patents
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JP3606685B2 - Probe pin and contactor having the same - Google Patents

Probe pin and contactor having the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3606685B2
JP3606685B2 JP19041796A JP19041796A JP3606685B2 JP 3606685 B2 JP3606685 B2 JP 3606685B2 JP 19041796 A JP19041796 A JP 19041796A JP 19041796 A JP19041796 A JP 19041796A JP 3606685 B2 JP3606685 B2 JP 3606685B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
probe pin
tip
needle
single crystal
probe
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JP19041796A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH1038918A (en
Inventor
範昭 中崎
和男 加藤
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Denka Co Ltd
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Denki Kagaku Kogyo KK
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、半導体集積回路等の電気特性を測定するプローブカードに関し、特に、プローブカードを構成し、前記半導体回路等の電極に接する重要部のプローブピン、並びに前記プローブピンが回路接続されているコンタクターに関する。
【0002】
【従来技術】
半導体集積回路等の製造工程においては、一般に半導体ウェハーに多数のチップが形成された段階で、各チップの電気的特性を測定し、動作特性の良否判定を行なう。この測定には、多数のプローブピンが被検査体の電極形状に応じて植設されているコンタクターをプローブカードに用いる。
【0003】
一般に、プローブカードは、複数のプローブピンを電極に接触させるために、複数のプローブピン先端部がつくる仮想的な面の平坦度や、被検査体の電極の平坦度、更には評価装置に組み込んだ場合の両者の平行度等の誤差を吸収し、接触抵抗値が安定するのに必要な荷重を負荷して用いる。そのためプローブピンは、被検査体と接触する先端部とプローブカードの基板部への固定部分との間が弾性的に撓む様に設計される。このプローブピンを撓ませる量をオーバードライブと称する。
【0004】
一方、近年の半導体の微細化、高集積化に伴いプローブピンの配置は狭ピッチ化が進んでいる。この場合、プローブピン先端位置の高精度化が必要であるにもかかわらず、プローブピンの直径が小さくなり、必要なオーバードライブを数万乃至数十万回負荷した場合に、プローブピンの塑性変形が起こり、プローブピン先端の位置精度が悪くなるという問題があった。更に最近のウェハーテストにおいては、ウェハーを100℃程度まで加熱した状態でテストする高温測定が普及しつつあり、プローブピンのクリープ変形等による位置精度の悪化が問題になっている。
【0005】
現在、使用されているプローブピンの大半はWを材料とする線材の一本一本をプリント配線基板に植設して作製されているが、最近の狭ピッチ、高密度化への要求に対し、その製造方法及びプローブピン先端位置精度の両面において対応が困難になりつつある。
【0006】
そこで、VLS成長で形成した針状単結晶を応用する方法が提案さており(特開平5−198636号公報、特開平5−215774号公報、特開平5−218156号公報参照)、これらの方法によって、狭ピッチで高密度のプローブカードの製造が容易になり、しかも高精度にプローブピンを配置することができる様になった。
【0007】
上記方法で得られるプローブピンは、針状単結晶を導電化するために導電膜で被覆されるが、導電膜だけでは電極との接触部分の耐久性が維持できないため、導電膜の表面上全面に更に接点材料を被覆した構造を採用している。そのため、プローブカードとして使用する初期においてプローブピン先端位置の精度に問題はないが、数万乃至数十万回のコンタクト後では、被覆した膜の永久変形が生じ、プローブピン先端の位置精度が悪化するという問題があった。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上述したような従来の問題点に鑑みてなされたものであって、最近の狭ピッチ、高密度化に対応でき、プローブピンに要求されるオーバードライブを数十万回以上負荷しても、プローブピン先端の位置精度を維持できるプローブピン、そしてコンタクターを提供し、もって長期耐久性を有するプローブカードを提供することを目的とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、SOIウエハー上に電極ラインを作成し、前記電極ライン上の所定の位置にAuバンプを作成し、その位置に針状単結晶を成長させ、前記針状単結晶の先端部分を研磨し、所定長さに揃え、しかる後に前記針状単結晶の表面に導電膜を設けた半導体計測用のプローブピンであって、前記導電膜が無電解Niメッキ、電気Auメッキからなり、更に先端部のみに電解Pdメッキしたことを特徴とするプローブピンであり、又、前記プローブピンを有するコンタクターである。
【0010】
【発明の実施形態】
以下、図をもって、本発明を説明する。
本発明のプローブピンは、図1に例示されるとおり、針状単結晶1の表面に導電膜2が設けられ、更に先端部には接点材料3が被覆された構造を有するものである。
【0011】
本発明の針状単結晶について、その材質は例えばVLS成長によって形成されるものが使用でき、具体的には、Si、LaB、Ge、α−Al、GaAs、GaP、MgO、NiO、SiC、InGa等である。このうち、半導体と同じ材質のSiが熱膨張率等の特性が同じであり、プローブピンの位置精度が高温でも変化しにくいという理由から好ましい。また、一般的に、針状単結晶の太さは数〜100μmであり、長さは数百μm〜数mmである。
【0012】
前記針状単結晶1は、導電化する目的で表面に一般的に導電膜2を設けるが、この導電膜2はAu、Cu等の低電気抵抗の金属をめっき法、蒸着法、スパッタリング法等のいろいろな公知の方法を用いて形成することができる。この場合、オーバードライブによる導電性膜の塑性変形をなるべく小さく抑えるため、延性材料のAuをめっき法で形成するのが好ましく、その厚みは1.0〜3.0μmが好ましい。
【0013】
本発明におけるプローブピンの先端部とは、オーバードライブを加えたとき発生するプローブピンの撓みが少ない部分を意味し、一般的には、プローブピン全長が1600μmの場合最先端から300μm程度である。プローブピンの先端部で、接点材料3で被覆する部分の長さは、最先端から20〜200μm程度が好ましい。この長さが短かい場合には時として最先端部での接点材料の膜の剥離が起きることがあり、長すぎるとオーバードライブによる接点材料3の塑性変形が起きプローブピンの位置精度を悪化させることがある。前記接点材料3の厚みは、プローブピンの受ける荷重によって異なるが、例えば、接触荷重0.1〜1.0gfの場合、0.2μm以上が好ましい。その厚みの上限については、特に定めるべき理由はないが、一般的には1.2μm程度あれば十分である。尚、本発明ではプローブピンの最先端部の形状は問わず、例えば円錐型や先端が丸くなった形状でも可能である。
【0014】
本発明で用いられる接点材料とは、溶着及び接点移動が少なく、耐食性が良く、実使用条件下数十万回以上のコンタクトでも消耗が少ない耐久性の優れた金属であり、例えば、Pd、Ir、Rh、Ni等の金属や、PdにAg、Cu、Pt、Au等の金属を添加したPd合金、AgにSn、In、Zn、Cu等の酸化物を添加したAg合金等が挙げられる。これ等のうち、Pdは後述のとおり容易にめっきができ、針状単結晶表面簡便に被覆することができ、しかも耐久性にすぐれることから、好ましく用いられる。
【0015】
前記接点材料3を針状単結晶1の先端部分のみに形成する方法としては、例えば、接点材料を成膜しない部分をレジスト等でマスキングし、めっき法、蒸着法、スパッタリング法等の成膜法を用いて被覆し、マスキング材を後で除去することで容易に形成することができるが、マスキング材を用いず、直接先端部のみにめっきする方法が製法が容易でより好ましい。また、接点材料で針状単結晶を被覆する他の方法としては、針状単結晶の全体を前記成膜法で被覆した後、先端部を除く不要部分をエッチング除去する方法でも可能である。
【0016】
【実施例】
以下、実施例及び比較例を用いて、本発明を更に詳細に説明する。
〔実施例1〜7、比較例1〜3〕
<中間体の準備>
図2に例示するとおり、SOIウエハー8の上に電極ライン7をエッチング法で作成し、更に前記電極ライン7上の所定の位置にAuバンプを作成し、その位置にSiの針状単結晶をVLS法にて形成させ、更に前記針状単結晶の先端部分を研磨し、所定の長さを揃える。次に、前記針状単結晶1及び電極ライン7の表面に無電解めっきでNi下地膜4を0.1μmの厚さで形成し、更に、導電膜のAu膜5を電気めっき法で1.0〜3.0μmの厚さで成膜した。尚、このとき目標としたプローブピン配置のパターンはロの字型に60μmピッチで300本配置した形状である。上記操作において、Auバンプの大きさ、研磨時の寸法、Au膜の厚みを調整することで、針状単結晶の直径が15〜18μm、長さが1000〜2000μm、Au膜厚が1.0〜3.0μmのプローブピンを有するコンタクター中間体を準備し、以降の操作の試料とした。
【0017】
<実施例1〜7>
前記試料中から適宜選択し、プローブピンの先端から約100μmを、市販されている筆めっき用電解Pdめっき液で浸した筆に差し込み、プローブピン先端部にPdをめっきした。筆には片側に白金電極を差し込み、SOIウエハー8に形成した電極ライン7との間に電流を流しめっきした。 このときの電流密度は500mA/mmで、めっき液温度は23℃で、1分間のめっきで厚さ0.6μmのPd膜6を成膜することができた。
【0018】
上記操作で得たコンタクターについて、後述のプロービング耐久性試験を行い、その前後のプローブピン先端の位置ズレ量を測定した。この結果を表1に示す。尚、プロービング耐久性試験は、オーバードライブを40μmで負荷し、サイクルタイム175msec、コンタクト時間125msecの条件で100万回行なった。また、プローブピン先端の位置の測定は、XYステージ(測定精度±1μm)付きの工場顕微鏡を使用し、倍率200倍で耐久性試験前後のプローブピン先端の位置座標を測定することで求めた。
【0019】
【表1】

Figure 0003606685
【0020】
<比較例1〜3>
前記試料を用い、実施例と同一の方法で、市販されている電解Pdめっき液(液温60℃)にSOIウエハーごと浸し、電流密度2mA/dm2で40〜200秒間めっきし、0.2〜1.0μmの厚さのPd膜3をプローブピンの全表面及び電極ライン部分に成膜した(図3参照)。この操作で得られたコンタクターを、実施例1〜6と同一の評価を行った。この結果を表1に併せて記載する。
【0021】
【発明の効果】
本発明のプローブピン並びにコンタクターは、実施例から明かのとおり、100万回のオーバードライブを負荷されてもプローブピンの位置精度が維持でき、長寿命であるという特徴を有しているので、最近の半導体回路の狭ピッチ化、高密度化にも対応でき、有用である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明のプローブピンの一例を示す断面図。
【図2】本発明の実施例に係るプローブピンを示す断面図。
【図3】比較例に係る公知のプローブピンを示す断面図。
【符号の説明】
1 針状単結晶
2 導電性膜
3 接点材料
4 Ni下地膜
5 Au膜
6 Pd膜
7 電極ライン
8 SOIウエハー
9 コンタクター[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a probe card for measuring electrical characteristics of a semiconductor integrated circuit or the like, and more particularly to a probe card constituting an important part contacting an electrode of the semiconductor circuit or the like, and the probe pin being circuit-connected. Concerning contactors.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In a manufacturing process of a semiconductor integrated circuit or the like, generally, when a large number of chips are formed on a semiconductor wafer, the electrical characteristics of each chip are measured to determine whether the operating characteristics are good or bad. For this measurement, a contactor in which a large number of probe pins are implanted according to the electrode shape of the object to be inspected is used for the probe card.
[0003]
In general, in order to bring a plurality of probe pins into contact with an electrode, the probe card is incorporated into an evaluation device, the flatness of a virtual surface formed by a plurality of probe pin tips, the flatness of an electrode of an object to be inspected, and an evaluation device. In such a case, an error such as parallelism between the two is absorbed and a load necessary to stabilize the contact resistance value is used. For this reason, the probe pin is designed so that the gap between the tip portion contacting the object to be inspected and the portion of the probe card fixed to the substrate portion is elastically bent. The amount of bending of the probe pin is referred to as overdrive.
[0004]
On the other hand, with the recent miniaturization and high integration of semiconductors, the arrangement of probe pins is becoming narrower. In this case, the probe pin is deformed when the probe pin diameter is reduced and the required overdrive is loaded tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of times in spite of the need for high precision of the probe pin tip position. Has occurred, and the positional accuracy of the probe pin tip has deteriorated. Further, in recent wafer tests, high-temperature measurement in which a wafer is heated to about 100 ° C. is becoming widespread, and deterioration of position accuracy due to creep deformation of probe pins is a problem.
[0005]
Currently, most of the probe pins in use are manufactured by implanting each wire made of W on a printed circuit board. In response to the recent demands for narrow pitch and high density. It is becoming difficult to cope with both the manufacturing method and the probe pin tip position accuracy.
[0006]
In view of this, methods of applying needle-like single crystals formed by VLS growth have been proposed (see JP-A-5-198636, JP-A-5-215774, and JP-A-5-218156). In addition, it is easy to manufacture a high-density probe card with a narrow pitch, and the probe pins can be arranged with high accuracy.
[0007]
The probe pin obtained by the above method is covered with a conductive film in order to make the needle-shaped single crystal conductive. However, since the durability of the contact portion with the electrode cannot be maintained with the conductive film alone, the entire surface on the surface of the conductive film Further, a structure in which a contact material is further coated is adopted. For this reason, there is no problem in the accuracy of the probe pin tip position in the initial stage of use as a probe card, but after the contact of tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of times, the coated film is permanently deformed and the probe pin tip position accuracy deteriorates. There was a problem to do.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the conventional problems as described above, and can cope with the recent narrow pitch and high density, and loads the overdrive required for the probe pin several hundred thousand times or more. However, it is an object of the present invention to provide a probe pin that can maintain the positional accuracy of the tip of the probe pin and a contactor, and to provide a probe card that has long-term durability.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention creates an electrode line on an SOI wafer, creates an Au bump at a predetermined position on the electrode line, grows a needle-like single crystal at that position, and polishes the tip of the needle-like single crystal. and, arranged in a predetermined length, a probe pin for a semiconductor measurement provided a conductive film on the surface of the needle-like single crystals thereafter, becomes the conductive film is an electroless Ni plating, the electric Au plating, further tip It is a probe pin characterized by electrolytic Pd plating only on the part , and a contactor having the probe pin.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As illustrated in FIG. 1, the probe pin of the present invention has a structure in which a conductive film 2 is provided on the surface of a needle-like single crystal 1, and a contact material 3 is coated on the tip.
[0011]
As for the needle-shaped single crystal of the present invention, the material formed by, for example, VLS growth can be used. Specifically, Si, LaB 6 , Ge, α-Al 2 O 3 , GaAs, GaP, MgO, NiO SiC, InGa, and the like. Among these, Si, which is the same material as the semiconductor, is preferable because it has the same characteristics such as the coefficient of thermal expansion and the positional accuracy of the probe pin is difficult to change even at high temperatures. In general, the thickness of the needle-like single crystal is several to 100 μm, and the length is several hundred μm to several mm.
[0012]
The acicular single crystal 1 is generally provided with a conductive film 2 on its surface for the purpose of making it conductive. The conductive film 2 is made of a metal having a low electrical resistance such as Au or Cu by plating, vapor deposition, sputtering or the like. It can be formed using various known methods. In this case, in order to suppress the plastic deformation of the conductive film due to overdrive as much as possible, it is preferable to form the ductile material Au by a plating method, and the thickness is preferably 1.0 to 3.0 μm.
[0013]
The tip portion of the probe pin in the present invention means a portion where the probe pin is less bent when overdrive is applied, and is generally about 300 μm from the foremost when the total length of the probe pin is 1600 μm. The length of the portion covered with the contact material 3 at the tip of the probe pin is preferably about 20 to 200 μm from the forefront. When this length is short, sometimes the film of the contact material peels off at the leading edge, and when it is too long, plastic deformation of the contact material 3 due to overdrive occurs and the position accuracy of the probe pin deteriorates. Sometimes. Although the thickness of the contact material 3 varies depending on the load received by the probe pin, for example, when the contact load is 0.1 to 1.0 gf, 0.2 μm or more is preferable. The upper limit of the thickness is not particularly specified, but generally about 1.2 μm is sufficient. In the present invention, the shape of the tip of the probe pin is not limited. For example, a conical shape or a shape with a rounded tip is possible.
[0014]
The contact material used in the present invention is a metal having low durability and less contact movement, good corrosion resistance, and low durability even under contact of several hundred thousand times under actual use conditions. For example, Pd, Ir , Rh, Ni, and the like, Pd alloys in which Ag, Cu, Pt, Au, and other metals are added to Pd, Ag alloys in which oxides such as Sn, In, Zn, and Cu are added to Ag, and the like. Among these, Pd is preferably used because it can be easily plated as described later, can be easily coated on the surface of a needle-like single crystal, and has excellent durability.
[0015]
As a method for forming the contact material 3 only on the tip portion of the needle-like single crystal 1, for example, a portion where the contact material is not formed is masked with a resist or the like, and a film formation method such as a plating method, a vapor deposition method, or a sputtering method is used. However, a method of directly plating only the tip without using the masking material is more preferable because the manufacturing method is easy. Further, as another method of covering the needle-shaped single crystal with the contact material, it is possible to cover the entire needle-shaped single crystal with the film forming method and then etch away unnecessary portions except for the tip portion.
[0016]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples.
[Examples 1-7, Comparative Examples 1-3]
<Preparation of intermediate>
As illustrated in FIG. 2, an electrode line 7 is formed on the SOI wafer 8 by an etching method, Au bumps are formed at predetermined positions on the electrode line 7, and an Si needle-like single crystal is formed at the position. The tip is formed by the VLS method, and the tip of the needle-like single crystal is polished to have a predetermined length. Next, a Ni base film 4 is formed to a thickness of 0.1 μm by electroless plating on the surfaces of the needle-like single crystal 1 and the electrode line 7, and an Au film 5 as a conductive film is further formed by electroplating. The film was formed with a thickness of 0 to 3.0 μm. The target probe pin arrangement pattern at this time is a shape in which 300 pieces are arranged in a square shape at a pitch of 60 μm. In the above operation, by adjusting the size of the Au bump, the size at the time of polishing, and the thickness of the Au film, the diameter of the needle-like single crystal is 15 to 18 μm, the length is 1000 to 2000 μm, and the Au film thickness is 1.0. A contactor intermediate having a probe pin of ˜3.0 μm was prepared and used as a sample for subsequent operations.
[0017]
<Examples 1-7>
It selected suitably from the said sample, about 100 micrometers from the front-end | tip of a probe pin was inserted in the brush immersed in the electrolytic Pd plating solution for commercially available brush plating, and Pd was plated to the probe pin front-end | tip part. The brush was plated by inserting a platinum electrode on one side and passing a current between the electrode line 7 formed on the SOI wafer 8. At this time, the current density was 500 mA / mm 2 , the plating solution temperature was 23 ° C., and a Pd film 6 having a thickness of 0.6 μm could be formed by plating for 1 minute.
[0018]
About the contactor obtained by the said operation, the below-mentioned probing durability test was done and the positional offset amount of the probe pin front-end | tip before and after that was measured. The results are shown in Table 1. The probing durability test was performed 1 million times under the conditions of an overdrive load of 40 μm, a cycle time of 175 msec, and a contact time of 125 msec. The position of the probe pin tip was measured by using a factory microscope with an XY stage (measurement accuracy ± 1 μm) and measuring the position coordinates of the probe pin tip before and after the durability test at a magnification of 200 times.
[0019]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003606685
[0020]
<Comparative Examples 1-3>
Using the sample, the SOI wafer was immersed in a commercially available electrolytic Pd plating solution (liquid temperature 60 ° C.) in the same manner as in the Examples, and plated at a current density of 2 mA / dm 2 for 40 to 200 seconds. A Pd film 3 having a thickness of 1.0 μm was formed on the entire surface of the probe pin and the electrode line portion (see FIG. 3). The contactor obtained by this operation was evaluated in the same manner as in Examples 1-6. The results are also shown in Table 1.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
Since the probe pin and contactor of the present invention have characteristics that the positional accuracy of the probe pin can be maintained even if it is loaded with 1 million times of overdrive and has a long life, as apparent from the examples, This is useful because it can cope with narrow pitch and high density of semiconductor circuits.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a probe pin of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a probe pin according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a known probe pin according to a comparative example.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Acicular single crystal 2 Conductive film 3 Contact material 4 Ni base film 5 Au film 6 Pd film 7 Electrode line 8 SOI wafer 9 Contactor

Claims (2)

SOIウエハー上に電極ラインを作成し、前記電極ライン上の所定の位置にAuバンプを作成し、その位置に針状単結晶を成長させ、前記針状単結晶の先端部分を研磨し、所定長さに揃え、しかる後に前記針状単結晶の表面に導電膜を設けた半導体計測用のプローブピンであって、前記導電膜が無電解Niメッキ、電気Auメッキからなり、更に先端部のみに電解Pdメッキしたことを特徴とするプローブピン。Create an electrode line on the SOI wafer, create an Au bump at a predetermined position on the electrode line, grow a needle-like single crystal at that position, polish the tip of the needle-like single crystal, aligning the is, a probe pin for a semiconductor measurement provided a conductive film on the surface of the needle-like single crystals Thereafter, the conductive film is made of an electroless Ni plating, electro Au plating, further electrolytic only the tip A probe pin that is Pd plated. 請求項1記載のプローブピンを有するコンタクター。A contactor having the probe pin according to claim 1.
JP19041796A 1996-07-19 1996-07-19 Probe pin and contactor having the same Expired - Fee Related JP3606685B2 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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JP3606685B2 true JP3606685B2 (en) 2005-01-05

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100403758B1 (en) * 2000-08-01 2003-11-01 주식회사 이엘피 Semiconductor Probe Device and Semiconductor Probe Chip Using the Same, and Fabricating Method thereof
WO2003005042A1 (en) * 2001-07-02 2003-01-16 Nhk Spring Co., Ltd. Conductive contact
CN100422746C (en) * 2003-04-15 2008-10-01 日本电气株式会社 check detector
JP2005265720A (en) 2004-03-19 2005-09-29 Nec Corp Electrical contact structure, formation method thereof, and element inspection method
JPWO2007029422A1 (en) 2005-09-07 2009-03-12 日本電気株式会社 Semiconductor device inspection device and power supply unit
WO2007034921A1 (en) * 2005-09-22 2007-03-29 Enplas Corporation Electrical contact and socket for electrical component

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