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JP3606918B2 - Gas generator - Google Patents
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JP3606918B2 - Gas generator - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP3606918B2
JP3606918B2 JP20200594A JP20200594A JP3606918B2 JP 3606918 B2 JP3606918 B2 JP 3606918B2 JP 20200594 A JP20200594 A JP 20200594A JP 20200594 A JP20200594 A JP 20200594A JP 3606918 B2 JP3606918 B2 JP 3606918B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
gas generator
gas
generating agent
nitrate
agent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP20200594A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH0857291A (en
Inventor
昇 溝脇
将史 渡邊
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NiGK Corp
Original Assignee
Nichiyu Giken Kogyo Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Priority to JP20200594A priority Critical patent/JP3606918B2/en
Publication of JPH0857291A publication Critical patent/JPH0857291A/en
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、瞬時に大きな動力を得るための駆動源として利用されるガス発生器に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ガス発生器は、瞬時に大きな動力を必要とする装置、例えば自動車用シートベルトやエアバックの駆動源として利用されている。このガス発生器は容器に硝酸エステルを含有するガス発生剤と点火薬を内包したものであり、必要な時に点火薬が作用してガス発生剤を発火させて大量のガスを発生させるようになっている。
【0003】
ガス発生器は、長時間高温環境に曝された後でも、通常のエネルギーを与えれば発火し、十分なガス発生量を確保できるという経時性能が良いことが必要とされる。
【0004】
ガス発生器が通常のエネルギーを与えれば発火するかどうかを示す尺度として、次の(1) 式で表される発火率がある。
【0005】
発火率(%)=(一定時間高温環境に曝した後通常のエネルギーを与えて発火したガス発生器数÷一定時間高温環境に曝した全ガス発生器数)×100…(1)
またガス発生器が十分なガス発生量を確保できるかどうかを示す尺度として、次の(2) 式で表されるガス発生量比率がある。
【0006】
ガス発生量比率(%)=(一定時間高温環境に曝した後のガス発生器が発生したガス量÷高温環境に曝さないガス発生器が発生したガス量)×100…(2)
一般に、発火率が100%、ガス発生量比率が70%以上ならば、ガス発生器として必要な性能を確保できる。
【0007】
ガス発生器が不使用のまま保存されていると、ガス発生剤に含まれる硝酸エステルは自然分解する。硝酸エステルの自然分解は、次の反応式に示すように、緩やかな加水分解から始まる。
【0008】
RONO + H O → ROH + HNO (Rはアルキル基)
この反応により生じた硝酸により水素イオンが生成されると、水素イオンが加水分解をさらに促進する。また硝酸が徐々に蓄積されると、硝酸による酸化反応も進むようになる。さらに硝酸エステルが酸化されると、二酸化窒素と一酸化窒素を分離し、その二酸化窒素はさらに硝酸エステルを酸化し、自らは一酸化窒素に還元される。この一酸化窒素は空気中の酸素と反応して二酸化窒素になり、硝酸エステルを酸化する。このように、硝酸エステルは加水分解や酸化分解の連鎖反応により分解されてガス発生剤が劣化して、ガス発生量比率が低下するとともに、次第に反応熱が蓄積されて温度が上昇し、自然発火を起こすこともあった。
【0009】
また、硝酸エステルと同一密閉容器にチオシアン酸塩を含有する点火薬を内包するガス発生器においては、硝酸エステルの加水分解で発生した硝酸によりチオシアン酸塩が分解されて点火薬が発火不良となり、ガスを発生しないということがあり発火率が低下した。
【0010】
このため、従来は硝酸エステルを含有するガス発生剤に、安定剤としてジフェニルアミンやセントラリットを添加し、硝酸エステルの自然分解により発生する二酸化窒素を捕捉することにより、ガス発生器の経時性能を向上させていた。
【0011】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、ガス発生剤にジフェニルアミンやセントラリットを添加しても、硝酸エステルの加水分解により発生する硝酸は捕捉できず、硝酸から発生した水素イオンにより硝酸エステルの加水分解が促進され、ガス発生剤が劣化してガス発生量が減少し、ガス発生器の経時性能が十分良くはなかった。
【0012】
本発明は前記の課題を解決するためなされたもので、長時間高温で保存されてもガス発生剤や点火薬が劣化せず、経時性能が良いガス発生器を提供することを目的とする。
【0013】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、前記目的に鑑み鋭意研究の結果、硝酸エステルに制酸剤を混合することによって硝酸が捕捉されて、点火薬およびガス発生剤の劣化が防止され、ガス発生器の経時性能が向上することを見いだし本発明に至った。
【0014】
すなわち、前記の目的を達成するためになされた本発明のガス発生器1は、図1に示すように、硝酸エステルを含有するガス発生剤7と点火薬9とを内包するガス発生器1において、該硝酸エステル含有ガス発生剤100重量部に対し制酸剤0.5〜15重量部を混合してある。前記制酸剤は、カルシウム、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、バリウム、鉛、亜鉛から選ばれる金属の酸化物、水酸化物、炭酸塩、ケイ酸塩、リン酸塩、および炭酸水素ナトリウム、クエン酸ナトリウム、酢酸ナトリウムの中から選ばれる少なくとも1種類である。点火薬9はチオシアン酸塩含有物からなっていても良い。
【0015】
【作用】
硝酸エステルを含有するガス発生剤に制酸剤を混合すると、制酸剤が硝酸エステルの加水分解により発生する硝酸を中和する。このため硝酸が硝酸エステルの加水分解を促進するのが抑制され、点火薬がチオシアン酸塩を含有する場合には、硝酸がチオシアン酸塩を分解するのが防止される。
【0016】
【発明の効果】
本発明のガス発生器は、長時間高温で保存してもガス発生剤やチオシアン酸塩を含有する点火薬が劣化しないため、通常のエネルギーを与えれば発火して十分なガス発生量を確保でき、経時性能が優れている。
【0017】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例を詳細に説明する。
【0018】
図1は、本発明を適用するガス発生器1の一実施例を示す要部断面図である。同図に示すように、ケース2の内部にガス発生剤7が充填され、その上部に雷管6がホルダー3に嵌められて固設されている。雷管6の内部には、点火薬9が充填されている。ホルダー3は、シールリング4およびワッシャー5によって固定されている。
【0019】
実施例1
ガス発生剤7として、硝酸セルロースを主成分とするシングルベース発射薬900mgに炭酸カルシウムの制酸剤10mgを混合したものを使用し、点火薬9としてトリシネートを使用したガス発生器1を、85℃に調温した恒温槽に保存した場合の経過時間に対するガス発生量比率の変化を測定し、表1に示した。
【0020】
【表1】

Figure 0003606918
【0021】
表1に示したように、1000時間経過してもガス発生量比率は79%であり、十分なガス発生量が確保され、経過性能が良かった。
【0022】
実施例2
ガス発生剤7として、硝酸セルロースを主成分とするシングルベース発射薬850mgに炭酸カルシウムの制酸剤15mgを混合したものを使用し、点火薬9としてチオシアン酸鉛と塩素酸カリウムの混合物を使用したガス発生器1を、85℃に調温した恒温槽に保存した場合の経過時間に対する発火率の変化を測定し、表2に示した
【0023】
【表2】
Figure 0003606918
【0024】
表2に示したように、800時間経過してもガス発生器1は100%発火しており、経過性能が良かった。
【0025】
比較例1
ガス発生剤7として、硝酸セルロースを主成分とするシングルベース発射薬900mgに制酸剤を混合せずに、点火薬9としてトリシネートを使用したガス発生器1を、85℃に調温した恒温槽に保存した場合の経過時間に対するガス発生量比率の変化を測定し、表3に示した。
【0026】
【表3】
Figure 0003606918
【0027】
表3に示したように、1000時間経過するとガスを発生しておらず、ガス発生器としての経時性能を満足しなかった。
【0028】
比較例2
ガス発生剤7として、硝酸セルロースを主成分とするシングルベース発射薬850mgに制酸剤を混合せずに、点火薬9としてチオシアン酸鉛と塩素酸カリウムの混合物を使用したガス発生器1を、85℃に調温した恒温槽に保存した場合の経過時間に対する発火率の変化を測定し、表4に示した。
【0029】
【表4】
Figure 0003606918
【0030】
表4に示したように、800時間経過すると33%しか発火しておらず、ガス発生器としての経時性能を満足しなかった。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明を適用するガス発生器の一実施例を示す要部断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1はガス発生器、2はケース、3はホルダー、4はシールリング、5はワッシャー、6は雷管、7はガス発生剤、9は点火薬である。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a gas generator used as a drive source for instantaneously obtaining large power.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The gas generator is used as a drive source for a device that requires a large amount of power instantaneously, for example, a seat belt for an automobile or an airbag. This gas generator contains a gas generating agent containing nitrate ester and an igniting agent in a container, and when necessary, the igniting agent acts to ignite the gas generating agent to generate a large amount of gas. ing.
[0003]
Even after being exposed to a high temperature environment for a long time, the gas generator is required to have a good performance with time so that it can ignite when given normal energy and a sufficient gas generation amount can be secured.
[0004]
There is an ignition rate represented by the following equation (1) as a scale indicating whether or not the gas generator ignites when given normal energy.
[0005]
Ignition rate (%) = (Number of gas generators ignited by applying normal energy after exposure to a high temperature environment for a certain period ÷ Total number of gas generators exposed to a high temperature environment for a certain time) × 100 (1)
Further, as a measure indicating whether or not the gas generator can secure a sufficient gas generation amount, there is a gas generation amount ratio represented by the following equation (2).
[0006]
Gas generation ratio (%) = (Gas generated by gas generator after exposure to high temperature environment for a certain period ÷ Gas generated by gas generator not exposed to high temperature environment) x 100 (2)
In general, if the ignition rate is 100% and the gas generation ratio is 70% or more, the performance required as a gas generator can be ensured.
[0007]
If the gas generator is stored without being used, the nitrate ester contained in the gas generant decomposes spontaneously. Spontaneous decomposition of nitrate ester begins with slow hydrolysis as shown in the following reaction formula.
[0008]
RONO 2 + H 2 O → ROH + HNO 3 (R is an alkyl group)
When hydrogen ions are generated by nitric acid generated by this reaction, the hydrogen ions further promote hydrolysis. As nitric acid is gradually accumulated, the oxidation reaction with nitric acid also proceeds. Further, when the nitrate ester is oxidized, nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide are separated, and the nitrogen dioxide further oxidizes the nitrate ester and is itself reduced to nitric oxide. This nitric oxide reacts with oxygen in the air to form nitrogen dioxide and oxidizes the nitrate ester. In this way, nitrate esters are decomposed by the chain reaction of hydrolysis and oxidative decomposition, the gas generating agent deteriorates, the ratio of gas generation decreases, the reaction heat gradually accumulates, the temperature rises, and spontaneous ignition occurs. Sometimes caused.
[0009]
In addition, in a gas generator containing a thiocyanate-containing igniting agent in the same sealed container as the nitrate ester, the thiocyanate is decomposed by nitric acid generated by hydrolysis of the nitrate ester, resulting in poor ignition of the igniting agent. The ignition rate decreased due to the fact that no gas was generated.
[0010]
For this reason, gas generators containing nitrates have been improved by improving the performance of gas generators by adding diphenylamine and centralite as stabilizers and capturing nitrogen dioxide generated by the spontaneous decomposition of nitrates. I was letting.
[0011]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, even if diphenylamine or centrallite is added to the gas generating agent, nitric acid generated by hydrolysis of the nitrate cannot be captured, and hydrolysis of the nitrate is promoted by hydrogen ions generated from the nitric acid. The gas generation amount decreased due to deterioration, and the aging performance of the gas generator was not sufficiently good.
[0012]
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a gas generator having good performance with time without deterioration of the gas generating agent and the ignition agent even when stored at a high temperature for a long time.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of diligent research in view of the above-mentioned object, the inventors have captured nitric acid by mixing antacids with nitrate esters, preventing deterioration of the igniting agent and gas generating agent, and the performance over time of the gas generator. Has been found to improve, and the present invention has been achieved.
[0014]
That is, the gas generator 1 of the present invention made to achieve the above-described object is a gas generator 1 containing a nitric ester-containing gas generating agent 7 and an igniting agent 9 as shown in FIG. In addition, 0.5 to 15 parts by weight of an antacid is mixed with 100 parts by weight of the nitrate-containing gas generating agent. The antacid is a metal oxide selected from calcium, magnesium, aluminum, barium, lead, zinc, hydroxide, carbonate, silicate, phosphate, and sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate, acetic acid At least one selected from sodium. The igniting agent 9 may be made of a thiocyanate-containing material.
[0015]
[Action]
When the antacid is mixed with the gas generating agent containing nitrate, the antacid neutralizes the nitric acid generated by hydrolysis of the nitrate. For this reason, it is suppressed that nitric acid promotes hydrolysis of nitrate ester, and when the igniter contains thiocyanate, nitric acid is prevented from decomposing thiocyanate.
[0016]
【The invention's effect】
Since the gas generator of the present invention does not deteriorate the gas generating agent and the igniting agent containing thiocyanate even when stored at a high temperature for a long time, it can ignite when normal energy is applied to ensure a sufficient amount of gas generated. The performance with time is excellent.
[0017]
【Example】
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
[0018]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an essential part showing an embodiment of a gas generator 1 to which the present invention is applied. As shown in the figure, the inside of the case 2 is filled with a gas generating agent 7, and a detonator 6 is fitted and fixed to the holder 3 at the upper part thereof. The interior of the detonator 6 is filled with an ignition powder 9. The holder 3 is fixed by a seal ring 4 and a washer 5.
[0019]
Example 1
As the gas generating agent 7, a mixture of 900 mg of a single base propellant mainly composed of cellulose nitrate and 10 mg of an antacid of calcium carbonate is used, and a gas generator 1 using tricinate as an igniting agent 9 is used at 85 ° C. Table 1 shows the change in the ratio of gas generation with respect to the elapsed time when stored in a temperature-controlled thermostat.
[0020]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003606918
[0021]
As shown in Table 1, even after 1000 hours, the gas generation rate ratio was 79%, a sufficient gas generation rate was ensured, and the elapsed performance was good.
[0022]
Example 2
As the gas generating agent 7, a mixture of 850 mg of a single base propellant mainly composed of cellulose nitrate and 15 mg of an antacid of calcium carbonate was used. As the igniting agent 9, a mixture of lead thiocyanate and potassium chlorate was used. The change in the ignition rate with respect to the elapsed time when the gas generator 1 was stored in a thermostatic chamber adjusted to 85 ° C. was measured and shown in Table 2.
[Table 2]
Figure 0003606918
[0024]
As shown in Table 2, the gas generator 1 ignited 100% even after 800 hours, and the elapsed performance was good.
[0025]
Comparative Example 1
As a gas generating agent 7, a constant temperature bath in which a gas generator 1 using tricinate as an igniting agent 9 is adjusted to 85 ° C. without mixing an antacid with 900 mg of a single base propellant mainly composed of cellulose nitrate. Table 3 shows the change in the ratio of gas generation with respect to elapsed time when stored in
[0026]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003606918
[0027]
As shown in Table 3, no gas was generated after 1000 hours, and the aging performance as a gas generator was not satisfied.
[0028]
Comparative Example 2
A gas generator 1 using a mixture of lead thiocyanate and potassium chlorate as an igniting agent 9 without mixing an antacid into 850 mg of a single base propellant mainly composed of cellulose nitrate as a gas generating agent 7, The change in the ignition rate with respect to the elapsed time when stored in a thermostatic chamber adjusted to 85 ° C. was measured and shown in Table 4.
[0029]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003606918
[0030]
As shown in Table 4, after lapse of 800 hours, only 33% ignited, and the aging performance as a gas generator was not satisfied.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an essential part showing an embodiment of a gas generator to which the present invention is applied.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 is a gas generator, 2 is a case, 3 is a holder, 4 is a seal ring, 5 is a washer, 6 is a detonator, 7 is a gas generating agent, and 9 is an ignition agent.

Claims (3)

硝酸エステルを含有するガス発生剤と点火薬とを内包するガス発生器において、該硝酸エステル含有ガス発生剤100重量部に対し制酸剤0.5〜15重量部を混合してあることを特徴とするガス発生器。In the gas generator containing a gas generating agent containing a nitrate ester and an ignition agent, 0.5 to 15 parts by weight of an antacid is mixed with 100 parts by weight of the nitrate ester-containing gas generating agent. Gas generator. 前記制酸剤が、カルシウム、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、バリウム、鉛、亜鉛から選ばれる金属の酸化物、水酸化物、炭酸塩、ケイ酸塩、リン酸塩、および炭酸水素ナトリウム、クエン酸ナトリウム、酢酸ナトリウムの中から選ばれる少なくとも1種類であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のガス発生器。The antacid is a metal oxide selected from calcium, magnesium, aluminum, barium, lead, zinc, hydroxide, carbonate, silicate, phosphate, and sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate, acetic acid The gas generator according to claim 1, wherein the gas generator is at least one selected from sodium. 前記点火薬がチオシアン酸塩含有物からなることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載のガス発生器。The gas generator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the igniter comprises a thiocyanate-containing material.
JP20200594A 1994-08-26 1994-08-26 Gas generator Expired - Lifetime JP3606918B2 (en)

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JP3606918B2 true JP3606918B2 (en) 2005-01-05

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JP2010089999A (en) * 2008-10-08 2010-04-22 Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp Nitric ester composition and gas generation agent using the same
JP6410768B2 (en) * 2016-07-28 2018-10-24 Joyson Safety Systems Japan株式会社 Airbag control device and airbag control method

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