JP3607537B2 - Liquid crystal display element spacer and liquid crystal display element - Google Patents
Liquid crystal display element spacer and liquid crystal display element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP3607537B2 JP3607537B2 JP19052299A JP19052299A JP3607537B2 JP 3607537 B2 JP3607537 B2 JP 3607537B2 JP 19052299 A JP19052299 A JP 19052299A JP 19052299 A JP19052299 A JP 19052299A JP 3607537 B2 JP3607537 B2 JP 3607537B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- crystal display
- group
- spacer
- display element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 title claims description 117
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 title claims description 68
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 101
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 50
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001207 fluorophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004802 cyanophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 33
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 21
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 19
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 11
- -1 methoxyphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007870 radical polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 7
- VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allylamine Chemical compound NCC=C VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- YIDSTEJLDQMWBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanatododecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN=C=O YIDSTEJLDQMWBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940059574 pentaerithrityl Drugs 0.000 description 3
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010558 suspension polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- DSVGFKBFFICWLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoro-4-isocyanatobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 DSVGFKBFFICWLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LAQYHRQFABOIFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyhydroquinone Chemical compound COC1=CC(O)=CC=C1O LAQYHRQFABOIFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004988 Nematic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKKRPWIIYQTPQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C(C)=C)COC(=O)C(C)=C OKKRPWIIYQTPQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003647 acryloyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000879 optical micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011850 water-based material Substances 0.000 description 2
- FVQMJJQUGGVLEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy 2-ethylhexaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OOOC(C)(C)C FVQMJJQUGGVLEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MJYFYGVCLHNRKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoroethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(F)(F)CF MJYFYGVCLHNRKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWTGRKUQJXIWCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(O)C(O)CO JWTGRKUQJXIWCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KOMNUTZXSVSERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(prop-2-enyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound C=CCN1C(=O)N(CC=C)C(=O)N(CC=C)C1=O KOMNUTZXSVSERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOHQUGRVHSJYMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2-isocyanatobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1N=C=O NOHQUGRVHSJYMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCMYXYHEMGPZJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2-isocyanatoethane Chemical compound ClCCN=C=O BCMYXYHEMGPZJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HHIRBXHEYVDUAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-3-isocyanatobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(N=C=O)=C1 HHIRBXHEYVDUAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ADAKRBAJFHTIEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-4-isocyanatobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 ADAKRBAJFHTIEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWVTWJNGILGLAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-4-fluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JWVTWJNGILGLAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZWGTVZRRFPVAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanato-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC=C1N=C=O GZWGTVZRRFPVAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXJYSIBLFGQAND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanato-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(N=C=O)=C1 SXJYSIBLFGQAND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NPOVTGVGOBJZPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanato-3-methoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(N=C=O)=C1 NPOVTGVGOBJZPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPPGZWWUPFWALU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanato-3-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(N=C=O)=C1 CPPGZWWUPFWALU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNKQBDZVEKZFBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanato-4-methylsulfanylbenzene Chemical compound CSC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 QNKQBDZVEKZFBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFNKTLQTQSALEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanato-4-nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 GFNKTLQTQSALEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJSCUXAFAJEQGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanatoethylbenzene Chemical compound O=C=NC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 JJSCUXAFAJEQGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDQNKCYCTYYMAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanatonaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N=C=O)=CC=CC2=C1 BDQNKCYCTYYMAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWDQYHPOSSHSAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanatooctadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN=C=O QWDQYHPOSSHSAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DYQFCTCUULUMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanatooctane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN=C=O DYQFCTCUULUMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYGWHHGCAGTUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-cyano-4-methylpentan-2-yl)diazenyl]-2,4-dimethylpentanenitrile Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C#N)N=NC(C)(C#N)CC(C)C WYGWHHGCAGTUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YDOVPVLKADMTFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.OCCOCCOCCOCCO YDOVPVLKADMTFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004198 2-fluorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(F)=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- GSLTVFIVJMCNBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-isocyanatopropane Chemical compound CC(C)N=C=O GSLTVFIVJMCNBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- VAYMIYBJLRRIFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tolyl isocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1N=C=O VAYMIYBJLRRIFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IWTYTFSSTWXZFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloroprop-1-enylbenzene Chemical compound ClCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 IWTYTFSSTWXZFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004180 3-fluorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(F)=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- INZLZTHXPOJSCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-fluoroprop-1-enylbenzene Chemical compound FCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 INZLZTHXPOJSCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZHPVPMRNASEQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-isocyanatobenzonitrile Chemical compound O=C=NC1=CC=CC(C#N)=C1 NZHPVPMRNASEQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001255 4-fluorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1F 0.000 description 1
- TVSXDZNUTPLDKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-isocyanatobenzonitrile Chemical compound O=C=NC1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1 TVSXDZNUTPLDKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGYGFNQQGAQEON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tolyl isocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 MGYGFNQQGAQEON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYLLIJHXUHJATK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1CCCCC1 YYLLIJHXUHJATK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004641 Diallyl-phthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lauroyl peroxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane triacrylate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQHKDHVZYZUZMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-prop-2-enoyloxypropyl] prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CO)(CO)COC(=O)C=C CQHKDHVZYZUZMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULQMPOIOSDXIGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)propyl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(C)(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C ULQMPOIOSDXIGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GCNKJQRMNYNDBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxymethyl)butyl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(CO)(CC)COC(=O)C(C)=C GCNKJQRMNYNDBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006359 acetalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HXBPYFMVGFDZFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl isocyanate Chemical compound C=CCN=C=O HXBPYFMVGFDZFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QUDWYFHPNIMBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC=C QUDWYFHPNIMBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001217 buttock Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000002858 crystal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- KQWGXHWJMSMDJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl isocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NC1CCCCC1 KQWGXHWJMSMDJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001941 electron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003760 hair shine Effects 0.000 description 1
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANJPRQPHZGHVQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl isocyanate Chemical compound CCCCCCN=C=O ANJPRQPHZGHVQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001165 hydrophobic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YDNLNVZZTACNJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanatomethylbenzene Chemical compound O=C=NCC1=CC=CC=C1 YDNLNVZZTACNJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNHVTXYLRVGMHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyl isocyanate Chemical compound CCCCN=C=O HNHVTXYLRVGMHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- DGTNSSLYPYDJGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl isocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NC1=CC=CC=C1 DGTNSSLYPYDJGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002432 poly(vinyl methyl ether) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003613 toluenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、液晶表示用装置の液晶セル内に配置される液晶表示素子用スペーサー、及びそれを用いた液晶表示素子に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
液晶表示素子は、パソコン、携帯型電子機器等に広く用いられている。かかる素子は、貼合わされた2枚の配向処理済み透明電極基板の間に、液晶が注入されることにより製造される。これらの透明電極基板間の間隙を一定に保持するために、一般に、スペーサが用いられる。
【0003】
かかる液晶表示素子において、液晶とスペーサとの界面で、液晶分子の配向が予め設計した方向と異なり、変則的になると、表示品質を低下させる恐れがあることは、以前より知られていた。特に、最近用いられているスーパーツイステッドネマチック液晶(STN液晶)や薄膜トランジスタ(TFT)を用いた液晶表示素子においては、かかる液晶の異常配向現象が、問題として取り上げられることが多い。
【0004】
かかる液晶の異常配向が起こると、スペーサの周囲に光抜けと呼ばれる明るく光る領域が観察される。この光抜けの面積が大きくかつその個数が多いと、本来黒地の画面に白地の光抜けが混在することとなり、液晶表示画面のコントラストが低下し、表示品質が著しく低下する。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
特開平9−113915号公報によると、光抜けの現象は、液晶とスペーサとの界面において、液晶の配向がスペーサ表面(電界方向)に対して水平方向に固定されるために生じるものであるとしている。また、かかる明細書には、光抜けを防止するため、スペーサ表面に存在する水酸基を、アセタール化、ウレタン化及びエステル化より選ばれる化学的な反応により修飾し、スペーサ表面の液晶規制力を弱め、液晶の異常配向を防止する技術が開示されている。
【0006】
しかしながら、本発明者の研究によれば、かかる技術では、表面に存在する水酸基の割合を調整することができず、結果的に液晶の規制力が不安定になることが判明した。
【0007】
特開平9−113915号公報の技術では、合成樹脂製スペーサの水酸基は、分散媒として用いられるポリビニルアルコール由来のもの、又は、シリカ製スペーサの水酸基は、シラノール結合に由来のものであり、いずれも副次的に形成される水酸基であり、水酸基の数を制御できるものではない、
【0008】
本発明者は、かかる従来のスペーサは、結果的に表面の水酸基の数が不安定となり、化学修飾されて付加される基の割合も不安定になり、その基によって弱められるはずのスペーサの液晶規制力も不安定であることを解明した。
【0009】
本発明は、上記現状を鑑み、液晶の異常配向を根本的になくし、液晶表示素子の光抜けを防止できる液晶表示素子用スペーサ、及び表示品質の良好な液晶表示素子を得ることを課題とする。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、高分子微粉末からなる液晶表示素子用スペーサであって、前記高分子微粉末が複数の高分子微粒子からなり、前記各高分子微粒子が、疎水性モノマーからなる油滴と、前記油滴に吸着された、活性水素基を有する活性モノマーとの重合によって形成されており、前記液晶表示素子用スペーサ中、空気又は水系物質から形成された空洞を有する前記高分子微粒子の数が、1%以下であり、前記各高分子微粒子が、外表面に露出する前記活性水素基とウレタン結合又は尿素結合を介した有機基を有する、液晶表示素子用スペーサに係るものである。
【0011】
本発明は、高分子微粒子の機械的、形状的特性を生かしたまま、表面に各種の極性基を偏在して有する複数の高分子微粒子からなる機能性微粉末を、後処理によってではなく、重合段階のみで製造し、かかる高分子微粒子の極性基に有機基を結合させるものである。
【0012】
本発明者は、エッチングや被膜等の後処理でなく、重合段階で極性モノマーを共重合させることによって、微粒子表面に極性基を露出させるため、種々の方法で微粒子を試作し、検討した。
【0013】
その結果、本発明者は、水系懸濁重合法では、疎水性モノマーと極性モノマーとをあらかじめ混合して水相に分散させると、油滴中に小さな水滴を取り込んだり、さらにその水滴中に微小な油滴が入る等の複相、多相の懸濁粒子となり、重合後乾燥して粒子を取りだすと、大きな泡を含んだ粒子や多孔質粒子が多数混在する粒子群が製造されることを解明した。
【0014】
かかる多相粒子等は、分級操作では、一定の小粒径の微粉末に、粒径の大きな粒子として混入するため、分離しようとしてもできないことがわかった。
【0015】
本発明において、微粉末とは、一回毎の製造によって得られる粉体状の微粒子の各バッチのことであり、また、連続的に製造される場合は、一定量の粉体のことであり、仮想の粒子群ではない。結果的に、泡を含有する粒子を多数含む粒子群からなる微粉末においては、各粒子の機械的強度の変動及び低下、見掛け比重の変動、分級による粒子径の一定化が不可能であり、不純物の取込み等の種々の問題があり、かかる不良微粒子が全粒子中の1%を超えると、工業的には利用し難い微粉末となる。
【0016】
かかる知見の下、本発明者は、そのような複相、多相の懸濁微粒子の数を、微粉末中の全微粒子の数の1%以下、好ましくは、0.01%以下にするか、又は完全に排除するため、更に検討した。
【0017】
本発明者の検討によれば、親油性の強いモノマー、例えば、スチレン、ビニルトルエン、ジビニルベンゼン、メチルメタアクリレート、ネオペンチルグリコールジメタアクリレート等は、水相中で、直径1〜20μmの微小油滴に分散するために、高速回転の攪拌や高剪断ミキサー等を用いても複相微粒子とはならないことがわかった。しかし、ペンタエリスリトールジアクリレート、トリメチロールプロパンジメタアクリレート等、完全に水溶性ではないが親水性を持ったモノマーの場合は、水相分散工程で、複相、多相の微粒子を生じる。
【0018】
本発明者は、水系懸濁重合法において、重合開始剤を含有する疎水性モノマーを油滴状にして、水系媒体に分散させる前又は後に、水溶性の極性モノマーを水系媒体に添加溶解させて、この極性モノマーを油滴に吸収させ、油相と水相との間で極性モノマーがそれぞれ固有の分配係数に従って濃度平衡に達することを見出した。ここで、極性モノマーは、極性基を親水基とし、重合性二重結合を疎水基とする一種の界面活性剤であるため、油滴内に吸収された極性モノマーの一部は、油滴の表面で極性基を水相側に露出し、二重結合を内部の油相側に配位し、結果的に極性基が粒子表面に露出した油滴となる。
【0019】
本発明者は、然る後、かかる油滴を加熱することで、内部の疎水性モノマーを重合させるとともに、表面の疎水性モノマーと極性モノマーとを共重合させ、表面に極性基を露出して有する充実微粒子のみからなる高分子微粉末が得られることを突き止めた。
【0020】
また、かかる知見の下、本発明者は、異常配向を根本的になくし、光抜けを防止できる液晶表示素子用スペーサを得るため、種々の高分子微粒子を試作し、検討した。
【0021】
その結果、本発明者は、油溶性ラジカル重合開始剤を溶かした疎水性モノマーからなる油滴を水系分散媒中で形成し、この油滴の表面に、水酸基を有する水溶性の活性モノマーを吸収させ、加熱することによって、疎水性モノマーを重合させるとともに、疎水性モノマーと活性モノマーとを共重合させることで、水酸基を表面に遍在して有する微粒子が得られることを見出した。
【0022】
また、本発明者は、更に詳細に検討したところ、この微粒子の水酸基に単官能の有機イソシアネートを反応させて得た高分子微粒子が、液晶表示素子用スペーサとして、極めて優れていることを突き止め、本発明に到達した。
【0023】
本発明の液晶表示素子用スペーサは、複数の高分子微粒子からなり、各高分子微粒子が、疎水性モノマーと活性水素基を有する活性モノマーとの重合によって形成されており、液晶表示素子用スペーサ中、空気又は水系物質から形成された空洞を有する高分子微粒子の数が、1%以下である。かかる高分子微粒子は、内部に水相や空洞等が形成されず、充実した構造を有する。したがって、液晶表示素子用スペーサとしての物理的及び機械的強度に優れている。
【0024】
本発明にかかる空気又は水系物質から形成された空洞とは、懸濁重合法において、極性モノマーを単独重合させたり、疎水性モノマーや活性モノマーを共重合させたりする際、又は疎水性モノマーと活性モノマーを、水系媒体中で剪断応力をかけて油滴微粒子として分散させる際に、油滴内に浸入する水系物質によって形成される空洞を言う。また、かかる空洞は、油滴内に水系物質が包含され、この油滴内の水系物質中に別の油滴が分散した状態が発生することもある。これらの油滴は、加熱重合後、水系物質で形成された空洞をもつ微粒子となり、乾燥後は、空気で形成された空洞をもつ微粒子となる。
【0025】
かかる空洞は、100〜600倍の倍率の透過型光学顕微鏡で観察する。透過型光学顕微鏡は、オリンパス(株)製、CH−2型を用い、焦点距離、絞り、光源の明るさを、粒子の輪郭が最も鮮明に見えるように測定毎に調節する。この際、高分子微粉末は、洗浄後乾燥したものを用い、微粒子を、屈折率1.4〜1.5程度で、沸点の高い液体、例えば、エチレングリコール、酢酸シクロヘキシル、キシレン等の液体に分散させて検鏡すると、空洞を有する粒子は、空洞中の空気と樹脂との屈折率差が大きくて、空洞が暗く見え、且つ空洞の中心点はレンズ効果によって明るく光る。このとき、この微粒子の外周は、はっきり観察され、充実粒子との区別がつけられる。なお、検鏡する微粉末は、乾燥後のものを用いるので、検鏡中に、空洞を形成する水系物質が蒸発してしまうことはない。
【0026】
かかる空洞を有する高分子微粒子の数は、600倍の倍率の透過型光学顕微鏡下で、空洞を有する粒子であることを確認した後、100〜200倍で写真撮影した後に計数することによって求める。
【0027】
図1は、本発明の一例の液晶表示素子用スペーサの透過型光学顕微鏡写真である。図1の写真は、エチレングリコールを分散媒として用い、倍率を100倍として、液晶表示素子用スペーサ中の、空洞を有する微粒子の数を計数するのに用いた。この液晶表示素子用スペーサは、平均粒子径が5.95μm、標準偏差が0.156μmであった。図2は、図1の写真の説明図である。本発明では、図1及び図2に示すような倍率の写真によって、液晶表示素子用スペーサ中の、充実した微粒子1と空洞を有する微粒子2とを計数する。
【0028】
図3は、本発明の他の例の液晶表示素子用スペーサの透過型光学顕微鏡写真である。この写真は、図1の写真と同様に、液晶表示素子用スペーサをエチレングリコール中に分散させ、600倍に拡大したものである。図4は、図3の写真の説明図である。本発明の液晶表示素子用スペーサは、99%以上が充実した微粒子からなるが、図3及び4に示すように、充実した微粒子の他に、空洞を有する粒子2が観察されることがある。
【0029】
本発明の液晶表示素子用スペーサは、かかる空洞を有する高分子微粒子の数が、液晶表示素子用スペーサの全微粒子の数の1%以下である。かかる高分子微粉末は、強度が高く、且つ表面に機能性のある活性水素基を配した微粒子構造を有する高分子微粒子の集まりである。
【0030】
本発明にかかる高分子微粉末は、水系媒体中で、内部に水相等を含ませずに、表面に極性基を配した油滴を調製し、この油滴を重合することによって製造することができる。
【0031】
本発明にかかる各高分子微粒子の表面部は、疎水性モノマーからなる油滴を水系媒体中で形成する前又は後に、水系媒体中に溶解させた活性水素基を有する活性モノマーが、油滴に吸収され、活性水素基が外部の水相層側に配向し、水相と油相との間で活性モノマーの濃度が平衡状態に達した状態で、形成される。
【0032】
かかる油滴を加熱することによって、油滴内部の疎水性モノマーは、予め添加されている重合開始剤が分解して重合が開始し、表面部に配位した活性モノマーを含めて全モノマーが重合して、表面に活性水素基が露出し、且つ単一相からなる充実した微粒子が形成される。
【0033】
疎水性モノマーの中に不純物として、親水性モノマーや非重合性の親水性有機物が含まれている場合があるが、かかる疎水性モノマーを水相に分散させた時、全油滴中の一部に水相を取り込んだ複相粒子を顕微鏡で観察することがある。かかる複相粒子等は、本発明にかかる高分子微粉末の全粒子中、1%以下の数であるならば、工業的に問題はない。
【0034】
本発明にかかる高分子微粉末は、かかる空気又は水系物質から形成された空洞を有する高分子微粒子の数が、全微粒子中の1%以下であり、99%以上の数の微粒子は、かかる多相、複相でない、高分子で充実した微粒子群であり、空洞を持っておらず、このため、液晶表示板用スペーサとして使用する場合、スペーサの含有密度を減少させることができるほど、各々の微粒子が、十分に機械的強度が高い。
【0035】
また、空洞を有する微粒子は、破壊され易く、その破片が液晶表示板内に浮遊すると、液晶表示板の内面に傷を付けたり、液晶分子の配向を阻害し、光漏れ等の欠点を生じるが、本発明の液晶表示素子用スペーサは、かかる欠点がなく、画面が鮮明になる。
【0036】
本発明にかかる高分子微粒子は、各々の高分子微粒子が、外表面に露出する活性水素基とウレタン結合又は尿素結合を介した有機基を有する。かかる高分子微粒子からなる液晶表示素子用スペーサは、液晶表示素子において、液晶の異常配向を根本的に起こすことなく、液晶表示素子の光抜けを根本的に防止することができる。
【0037】
また、本発明にかかる高分子微粒子は、疎水性モノマーと活性水素基を有する活性モノマーとの重合割合を制御することによって、種々の割合の活性水素基を表面に露出して有することができ、かかる活性水素基とウレタン結合又は尿素結合を介した有機基を有する。したがって、かかる高分子微粒子の表面には、活性水素基を有する活性モノマーの割合によって制御される割合の有機基が露出している。
【0038】
本発明にかかる活性モノマーは、活性水素基を有する。本発明では、活性水素基とは、他の反応性基との反応に用いられ、ウレタン結合又は尿素結合を介した有機基を、液晶表示素子用スペーサの表層部に付与できる基をいう。かかる活性水素基としては、ウレタン結合又は尿素結合に用いられる水酸基及びアミノ基からなる群より選ばれた少なくとも一種の基に備わる水素基が用いられる。
【0039】
本発明にかかる有機基とは、液晶分子と親和性があり、液晶的な性質を発現する基をいう。かかる有機基は、液晶の電気的な挙動と同一の挙動をとることによって、液晶表示素子用スペーサの液晶の規制力を極めて低くする。
【0040】
かかる有機基としては、液晶の分子構造に組み込まれている有機基を用いることができる。例えば、フルオロフェニル基、フルオロアルキル基、長鎖アルキル基及びアリル基、フェニル基、メトキシフェニル基、シアノシェニル基、トリル基、ナフチル基等の芳香族系、シクロヘキシル基等の脂環族系のものからなる群より選ばれた少なくとも一種の基を用いることができる。
【0041】
本発明では、有機基として、フルオロフェニル基、フルオロアルキル基又は長鎖アルキル基を用いるのが好ましい。これらの有機基は、液晶分子の誘電率異方性を大きくするために、液晶の分子構造に組み込まれることが多い。かかる有機基が、スペーサの表面にも存在する場合、スペーサの有機基と液晶分子の有機基との親和性によって、液晶のもつ電気的な性質、例えば、電圧の有無による液晶分子の並び方が変化する性質を発現し易い構造になると考えられる。
【0042】
また、本発明では、特に、炭素数5〜20の長鎖アルキル基を用いるのが好ましい。液晶分子に組み込まれるアルキル基の炭素数は、5〜20であることが多い。炭素数が5未満では、ネマチック液晶と呼ばれる液晶分子が、一定方向に配列する性質を発現し難くなる。一方、炭素数が20を超えると、液晶分子が、かかる性質を失い易いからである。本発明のスペーサが、かかる液晶分子と親和性を示すには、同様の鎖長のアルキル基を有するのが好ましい。
【0043】
本発明者は、活性水素基とのウレタン結合又は尿素結合を介した有機基が液晶の異常配向を抑制し、液晶表示素子の光抜けを防止する機構について、完全に明らかにしたわけではない。
【0044】
本発明者が研究したところによれば、スペーサ上の液晶分子に親和性の少ない基が液晶分子に接すると、異物が混入した状態となり、液晶の分子配列の乱れを生じ易く、逆に、液晶分子に親和性のある基、例えば液晶分子中に組み込まれているような有機基は、液晶の持つ電気的性質を妨げることなく、液晶分子の配列を乱し難いと考えられる。なお、光抜けは、液晶分子の配列の乱れが大きいほど著しい。
【0045】
本発明の液晶表示素子用スペーサは、構成微粒子としての高分子微粒子が、疎水性モノマーと活性モノマーとの重合によって形成された充実球であり、物理的及び機械的強度に優れ、表面に制御された割合の有機基を有するため、液晶の異常配向を根本的に防止し、液晶表示素子の光抜けを効果的に防止することができる。
【0046】
また、本発明では、かかる有機基の数、比率、種類等を制御することで、液晶表示素子用スペーサとして、液晶の異常配向を抑制することができる。
【0047】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明を詳述する。
本発明では、疎水性モノマーの重合と、この疎水性モノマーと活性水素基を有する活性モノマーとの共重合によって、高分子微粒子を形成するとともに、得られる高分子微粒子の表面に、制御し得る割合の活性水素基を露出させ、かかる活性水素基とのウレタン結合又は尿素結合を介して、有機基を付与し、液晶表示素子用スペーサを形成することができる。
【0048】
例えば、本発明の液晶表示素子用スペーサを得るにあたり、疎水性モノマーからなる油滴を水系媒体中で形成し、この水系媒体中に溶解させた活性水素基を有する活性モノマーを油滴に吸収させ、この油滴を加熱することによって、疎水性モノマーを重合させるとともに、疎水性モノマーと活性モノマーとを共重合させて、高分子微粒子を形成し、表面の活性モノマー由来の活性水素基と、有機基を有する他の反応性物質とを反応させることによって、ウレタン結合又は尿素結合を介した有機基を表面に付与することができる。
【0049】
本発明にかかる疎水性モノマーとしては、スチレン、α−メチルスチレン、4−クロロスチレン、4−フルオロスチレン、クロロメチルスチレン、フルオロメチルスチレン、等のスチレン誘導体、塩化ビニル、酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニル、ジビニルベンゼン等のビニルエステル類、アクリロニトリル等の不飽和ニトリル類、(メタ)アクリル酸メチル、(メタ)アクリル酸エチル、(メタ)アクリル酸ブチル、(メタ)アクリル酸2−エチルヘキシル、(メタ)アクリル酸ドデシル、(メタ)アクリル酸ステアリル、エチレングリコール(メタ)アクリレート、トリフルオロエチル(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタフルオロプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、シクロヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、エチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、テトラエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、1,6−ヘキサンジオールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ネオペンチルグリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、トリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ)アクリレート、テトラメチロールメタントリ(メタ)アクリレート、テトラメチロールメタンテトラ(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールテトラ(メタ)アクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサ(メタ)アクリレート等の(メタ)アクリル酸エステル誘導体、トリアリルイソシアヌレート及びその誘導体等を挙げることができる。かかるモノマーは、水系媒体への溶解度が5重量%以下であるのが好ましい。
【0050】
かかる疎水性モノマーを重合させるには、油溶性ラジカル重合開始剤を用いることができる。かかる油溶性ラジカル重合開始剤としては、特に限定されず、例えば、過酸化ベンゾイル、過酸化ラウロイル、 t−ブチルパーオキシ−2−エチルヘキサノエート、ジ−t−ブチルパーオキサイド、クミルハイドロパーオキサイド等の有機過酸化物、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル、アゾビスシクロヘキサカルボニトリル、アゾビス(2,4−ジメチルバレロニトリル)等のアゾ系化合物等が挙げられる。
【0051】
疎水性モノマーからなる油滴を水系分散媒中で形成して、本発明にかかるコア部を形成するには、かかる油溶性ラジカル重合開始剤を、疎水性モノマー中に溶かした状態で油滴を形成させることができる。かかる場合、油溶性重合開始剤の使用量は、ラジカル重合性モノマーの100重量部に対し0.1〜10重量部を用いるのが好ましい。少なすぎると、重合転化率が低くなり、スペーサーとしての十分な強度が得られなくなり、多すぎると、重合開始剤が残り易くなり、液晶への汚染性が高まる。
【0052】
油溶性ラジカル重合開始剤を溶かした疎水性モノマー溶液を分散させ、油滴を形成するのに用いる水系分散媒としては、疎水性モノマーが形成する油滴の分散安定性を向上させるために、各種の高分子系分散安定剤の水溶液を使用することができる。
【0053】
かかる分散安定剤には、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドン、ゼラチン、デンプン、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、ポリビニルメチルエーテル、ポリビニルスルホン、無水マレイン酸共重合体、ポリアクリル酸、ポリアクリル酸塩、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール、ポリエチレン− ポリプロピレンブロックポリマー、ポリエチレンイミン、ポリアクリルアミド等の水溶性高分子等が挙げられる。これらは、1種のみを用いてもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。
【0054】
疎水性モノマーを水中で油滴型に分散させる方法には、通常の撹拌方法や均一孔を有するガラスメンブレンフィルターから水層に疎水性モノマーを押し出し、均一液滴化する方法を用いることができる。
【0055】
分散液滴の形状は、通常は、真球状又は楕円球状である。平均粒径は、1.0〜100μm、好ましくは、1.5〜15μmである。
【0056】
本発明では、水系分散媒中に形成される油滴の表面に、活性水素を有する活性モノマーを吸着させることができる。吸着には、油滴が形成された水系媒体中に活性モノマーを溶解させるか、活性モノマーを予め水系分散媒中に加えておき、疎水性モノマーの油滴を後から分散させる方法でもよい。
【0057】
活性水素を有する水溶性の活性モノマーには、2−ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、2−ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、ブタンジオールモノ(メタ)アクリレート、グリセロールモノ(メタ)アクリレート、ポリエチレングリコールモノ(メタ)アクリレート、ポリプロピレングリコールモノ(メタ)アクリレート、ポリエチレングリコールとポリプロピレングリコールとの共重合体のモノメタクリレート、アリルアルコール、アリルアミン、モノ(メタ)アクリロイルアシッドエチルアミン、モノ(メタ)アクリロイルアシッドプロピルアミン等を用いることができる。これらは、1種のみを用いてもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。
【0058】
これらの活性水素を有する活性モノマーには、分子の一端に、水酸基やアミノ基、カルボキシル基を有し、他端に疎水性かつ重合性のビニル基を有するため、水系分散媒中で界面活性剤のごとく、油層中にビニル基、水層中に活性水素基を向けて配位して油滴に吸収される。
【0059】
活性モノマーの使用量は、疎水性モノマー100重量部に対し、1〜100重量部用いる。水系媒体の量は、特に制限しないが、疎水性モノマー及び活性モノマーを分散させ、剪断力(シェアー)を高くかける必要から、両モノマーの量の1〜2倍の量を用いる。
【0060】
活性モノマーの添加量は、表面水酸基の定量及び粒子の物性から決定することができる。活性モノマーの割合が1重量部未満では、表層部の活性水素基の割合が少なすぎて、有機基の割合も少なくなり、液晶の異常配向を十分に防止できないおそれがある。100重量部を超える場合には、粒子の機械的強度が低下して、スペーサとしての使用が困難になるため好ましくない。
【0061】
活性モノマーの添加方法は、特に制限はないが、例えば、水に溶かした水溶液の形で、一度に加えてもよいし、滴下操作によって、水系分散媒中に徐々に加えてもよい。活性モノマーには、ラジカル重合開始剤は加えない。これは、水中に残存するモノマーを重合させないためである。
【0062】
活性モノマーの添加後、水系分散媒全体をゆっくりと撹拌操作することで、油滴にかかる活性モノマーが衝突し、油滴と水系分散媒との界面に活性モノマーが集まり、活性モノマーが油滴に吸収される。
【0063】
活性モノマーを吸収させるための時間、モノマーの種類及びその添加量は、予め、水酸基を有する活性モノマーから得られる微粒子の表面を、電子分光法の一種で、物質にX線や紫外線等の放射線を照射して内殻電子を電離して、電子のエネルギーを測定して分析する、ESCA(Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis )により測定して、活性モノマーの量や種類等と表面に露出する水酸基の関係を明らかにし、その結果から判断して、決定することができる。また、活性モノマーの量、使用方法等は、JIS−K−0070(水酸基価の定量方法)に準じて、水酸基量を定量して決定することもできる。吸収時間は、通常、1分〜10分程度でよいが、それ以上の長時間かけて吸収させても問題はない。
【0064】
本発明では、かかる活性モノマーを吸収させた油滴を加熱することによって、油滴内部側の疎水性モノマーを重合させると同時に、油滴表面側の疎水性モノマーと活性水素基を有する活性モノマーとを共重合させ、液晶表示素子用スペーサとして用いられる高分子微粒子を形成することができる。
【0065】
この場合、油滴を含む水系分散媒の温度を上げ、油滴中のラジカル重合開始剤を分解させて、発生したラジカルにより、疎水性モノマーを重合させ、疎水性モノマーと活性モノマーとを共重合させ、活性水素を表面に有する微粒子を得ることができる。
【0066】
本発明にかかる重合反応及び共重合反応は、通常のように、窒素雰囲気下で、50〜90℃、3〜48時間行うことができる。反応後、水やアルコール類を用いて、粒子に残存するモノマーや分散安定剤を洗浄除去し、乾燥して、表面に活性水素を有する微粒子を得ることができる。
【0067】
かかる微粒子は、液晶表示素子用スペーサとして用いるためには、分級処理する必要がある。分級処理では、かかる微粒子の粒径分布の標準偏差を、その平均粒子径の10%以下、即ち、変動係数10%以下、好ましくは、5%以下に調整する。
【0068】
本発明の液晶表示素子用スペーサは、かかる高分子微粒子の表面に、活性水素基とのウレタン結合又は尿素結合を介した有機基が形成されるように処理して得ることができる。
【0069】
かかる有機基を付与するには、特定の方法に限定されないが、例えば、表面に水酸基又はアミノ基を有する微粒子には、単官能の有機イソシアネートを反応させることで、ウレタン結合又は尿素結合を介した有機基を設けることができる。これによって、表面に単官能の有機イソシアネート由来の有機(置換)基を遍在して存在させた、本発明の液晶表示用スペーサーを得ることができる。
【0070】
かかる単官能の有機イソシアネートには、アリルイソシアネ−ト、2−クロロエチルイソシアネート、o−クロロフェニルイソシアネート、m−クロロフェニルイソシアネート、4−クロロフェニルイソシアネート、o−トリルイソシアネート、m−トリルイソシアネート、p−トリルイソシアネート、α, α, α−トリフルオロ−o−トリルイソシアネート、α, α, α−トリフルオロ−m−トリルイソシアネート、1−ナフチルイソシアネート、4−ニトロフェニルイソシアネート、フェニルイソシアネート、1−フェニルエチルイソシアネート、 イソプロピルイソシアネート、n−ブチルイソシアネート、ヘキシルイソシアネート、シクロヘキシルイソシアネート、オクチルイソシアネート、ドデシルイソシアネート、ラウリルイソシアネート、オクタデシルイソシアネート、ベンジルイソシアネート、2−フルオロフェニル、3−フルオロフェニル、4−フルオロフェニル、3−メトキシフェニルイソシアネート、4−(メチルチオ)フェニルイソシアネート、3−シアノフェニルイソシアネート、4−シアノフェニルイソシアネート等がある。これらは、1種のみを用いてもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。
【0071】
活性水素基としての水酸基又はアミノ基と単官能有機イソシアネートとの反応方法は、特に制限はないが、例えば、上記微粒子を、脱水処理した有機溶媒(イソシアネートとの反応性のないもの)中に分散し、単官能の有機イソシアネートを加えて反応させる。この反応には、必要に応じて、3級アミン系や有機ズズ系の触媒を、通常の方法で用いることができる。
【0072】
【実施例】
以下の実施例により本発明をさらに詳述する。
実施例1
(水酸基を表面に有する微粒子の作製)
ポリビニルピロリドン(和光純薬(株)製、K−30)の5%水溶液、850g中に、予め、モノメトキシハイドロキノン0.1gと過酸化ベンゾイル(日本油脂(株)製、アセトンで再結晶)2gと、トリメチロールプロパントリメタアクリレート150gとを、常温で空気下に十分撹拌しながら混合した後、投入し、充分に高速で1時間撹拌して、微粒子状の油滴に分散させ、2−ヒドロキシエチルメタアクリレート30gを水120gに溶かした水溶液を加え、低速で1時間撹拌した。
【0073】
その後、この分散溶液中の油滴を、窒素雰囲気下、80℃、5時間重合した。得られた重合体微粒子を十分水洗した後、分級操作を施した。平均粒子径5.6μm、標準偏差0.28μmの微粒子を分取し、乾燥した。
【0074】
ESCAでこの粒子の表面を分析した結果、水酸基が確認され、粒子の表面が水酸基で覆われていることが判った。
【0075】
(有機イソシアネート処理)
上記の微粒子10gを脱水処理したトルエン20gに分散させ、4−フルオロフェニルイソシアネート1gとウレタン化触媒としての1,4−ジアザビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタン0.001mgを加えて、80℃、24時間反応させ、IR(赤外線吸収スペクトル)でイソシアネート基の吸収が消失したことを確認し反応を終え、微粒子を濾過で分取し、アルコールおよび水で洗浄し、乾燥し、表面が化学修飾された、本例の液晶表示素子用スペーサを得た。
【0076】
(液晶表示素子での評価)
上記のスペーサを用いて、基板サイズ50×50mmのSTN型液晶表示素子を作製し、200倍顕微鏡を用いて、スペーサ周りの光抜けについて、以下のようにしてセル評価を行った。
【0077】
まず、液晶表示素子にAC2Vの電圧を印荷し、初期状態のセル表示特性を評価し(異常配向−1)、ついで液晶表示素子に20Vの電圧を印荷した後に更に2Vの電圧を印荷して電圧印荷状態でのセル表示特性を評価した(異常配向−2)。評価結果を表1に示す。
【0078】
実施例2
実施例1の有機イソシアネート処理で用いた4−フルオロフェニルイソシアネートをドデシルイソシアネートに代えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、表面を化学修飾した本例の液晶表示素子用スペーサを得た。実施例1と同様に液晶表示素子で評価した。結果を表1に示す。
【0079】
実施例3
実施例2において、トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレートの代わりにジアリルフタレートを用い、過酸化ベンゾイルを4.5gに増加し、2−ヒドロキシエチルメタアクリレートの代わりにアリルアミンを用い、アリルアミンの吸着時間を1時間とし、重合時間を24時間とした以外は、実施例2と同様にして、表面が化学修飾された液晶表示素子用スペーサを得た。実施例1と同様に液晶表示素子で評価した。結果を表1に示す。
【0080】
比較例1
ポリビニルピロリドン(和光純薬(株)製、K−30)の5%水溶液、850g中に、予めモノメトキシハイドロキノン0.1gと過酸化ベンゾイル(日本油脂(株)製、アセトンで再結晶)2gと、トリメチロールプロパントリメタアクリレート150gとを、40〜43℃で空気下に十分撹拌しながら混合した後、投入し、高速(回転数800rpm)で1時間撹拌して微粒子に分散させた。その後、窒素雰囲気下で、80℃、5時間重合した。得られた重合体微粒子を十分水洗した後、分級操作を施した。平均粒子径5.6μm、標準偏差0.26μmの微粒子を分取し、アルコール及び水で洗浄し、乾燥し、スペーサを得た。実施例1と同様に液晶表示素子で評価した。結果を表1に示す。
【0081】
【表1】
【0082】
表1に示すように、実施例1〜3の液晶表示素子用スペーサは、いずれも、液晶の異常配向に基づく光抜けがなく、液晶規制力が低いことが分かった。
【0083】
【発明の効果】
本発明の液晶表示素子用スペーサは、疎水性モノマーからなる油滴と、前記油滴に吸着された、活性水素基を有する活性モノマーとの重合によって得られた高分子微粒子の微粉末からなり、空気又は水系物質から形成された空洞を有する高分子微粒子の数が、1%以下であるため、内部に水相や空洞等が形成されず、充実した微粒子構造を示し、物理的及び機械的強度に優れている。
【0084】
また、本発明の液晶表示素子用スペーサは、各々の高分子微粒子の外表面で、活性モノマー割合に応じた活性水素基とウレタン結合又は尿素結合を介して反応した有機基が、制御された割合で存在するため、液晶表示素子において、液晶の異常配向を根本的に防止し、液晶表示素子の光抜けを防止することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一例の液晶表示素子用スペーサの図面代用写真である。
【図2】図1の写真の説明図である。
【図3】本発明の他の例の液晶表示素子用スペーサの図面代用写真である。
【図4】図3の写真の説明図である。
【符号の説明】
1 充実した微粒子
2 空洞を有する微粒子[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a spacer for a liquid crystal display element disposed in a liquid crystal cell of a liquid crystal display device, and a liquid crystal display element using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Liquid crystal display elements are widely used in personal computers, portable electronic devices, and the like. Such an element is manufactured by injecting liquid crystal between two bonded transparent electrode substrates that have been subjected to alignment treatment. In order to keep the gap between these transparent electrode substrates constant, a spacer is generally used.
[0003]
In such a liquid crystal display element, it has been known for a long time that the orientation of liquid crystal molecules at the interface between the liquid crystal and the spacer is different from the pre-designed direction and the display quality may be deteriorated if it becomes irregular. In particular, in a liquid crystal display element using a super twisted nematic liquid crystal (STN liquid crystal) or a thin film transistor (TFT) which has been used recently, the abnormal alignment phenomenon of the liquid crystal is often taken up as a problem.
[0004]
When such an abnormal alignment of the liquid crystal occurs, a brightly shining region called light omission is observed around the spacer. If the area of the light leakage is large and the number of light leakage is large, white light leakage will be mixed with the originally black background, the contrast of the liquid crystal display screen will be lowered, and the display quality will be remarkably lowered.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
According to Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-113915, the phenomenon of light leakage occurs because the alignment of the liquid crystal is fixed in the horizontal direction with respect to the spacer surface (electric field direction) at the interface between the liquid crystal and the spacer. Yes. In addition, in this specification, in order to prevent light leakage, the hydroxyl group present on the spacer surface is modified by a chemical reaction selected from acetalization, urethanization and esterification to weaken the liquid crystal regulation power on the spacer surface. A technique for preventing abnormal alignment of liquid crystals is disclosed.
[0006]
However, according to the research of the present inventor, it has been found that such a technique cannot adjust the proportion of hydroxyl groups present on the surface, resulting in unstable regulation of liquid crystal.
[0007]
In the technique of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-113915, the hydroxyl group of a synthetic resin spacer is derived from polyvinyl alcohol used as a dispersion medium, or the hydroxyl group of a silica spacer is derived from a silanol bond. It is a hydroxyl group formed secondary, and the number of hydroxyl groups cannot be controlled.
[0008]
The present inventor has found that such a conventional spacer results in an unstable number of hydroxyl groups on the surface, an unstable ratio of groups added by chemical modification, and a spacer liquid crystal that should be weakened by the groups. Clarified that regulatory power is also unstable.
[0009]
In view of the above situation, the present invention has an object to obtain a liquid crystal display element spacer that can fundamentally eliminate abnormal alignment of liquid crystals and prevent light leakage of the liquid crystal display elements, and a liquid crystal display element with good display quality. .
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention relates to a spacer for a liquid crystal display device comprising a polymer fine powder, wherein the polymer fine powder comprises a plurality of polymer fine particles, and each polymer fine particle comprises a hydrophobic monomer Oil drops consisting of When , Adsorbed on the oil droplets, It is formed by polymerization with an active monomer having an active hydrogen group, and the number of the polymer fine particles having a cavity formed from air or an aqueous material in the liquid crystal display element spacer is 1% or less, Each polymer fine particle relates to a spacer for a liquid crystal display element having the active hydrogen group exposed on the outer surface and an organic group via a urethane bond or a urea bond.
[0011]
The present invention polymerizes a functional fine powder consisting of a plurality of polymer fine particles having various polar groups unevenly distributed on the surface, not by post-treatment, while taking advantage of the mechanical and shape characteristics of the polymer fine particles. It is produced only in stages, and an organic group is bonded to the polar group of such polymer fine particles.
[0012]
In order to expose polar groups on the surface of the fine particles by copolymerizing a polar monomer in the polymerization stage instead of post-treatment such as etching or coating, the inventor made and studied fine particles by various methods.
[0013]
As a result, in the water-based suspension polymerization method, the present inventor takes in small water droplets in the oil droplets when the hydrophobic monomer and the polar monomer are mixed in advance and dispersed in the water phase, and further, minute water droplets in the water droplets. It becomes a multi-phase and multi-phase suspended particle such as a small oil droplet entering, and when it is dried after polymerization, a particle group containing a large number of particles containing large bubbles and porous particles is produced. Elucidated.
[0014]
It has been found that such multiphase particles or the like cannot be separated even if trying to be separated because they are mixed as fine particles having a large particle diameter in a fine powder having a small particle diameter in the classification operation.
[0015]
In the present invention, fine powder refers to each batch of powdery fine particles obtained by each production, and in the case of continuous production, means a certain amount of powder. It is not a virtual particle group. As a result, in the fine powder consisting of a group of particles containing a large number of particles containing foam, fluctuation and reduction in mechanical strength of each particle, fluctuation in apparent specific gravity, it is impossible to make the particle diameter constant by classification, There are various problems such as the incorporation of impurities, and if such defective fine particles exceed 1% of the total particles, it becomes a fine powder that is difficult to use industrially.
[0016]
Under such knowledge, the present inventor has determined whether the number of such multi-phase and multi-phase suspended fine particles is 1% or less, preferably 0.01% or less of the total number of fine particles in the fine powder. Further studies were made to completely eliminate them.
[0017]
According to the study of the present inventor, a highly lipophilic monomer such as styrene, vinyl toluene, divinylbenzene, methyl methacrylate, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, etc. is a fine oil having a diameter of 1 to 20 μm in the aqueous phase. In order to disperse into droplets, it was found that even if a high-speed rotating stirring, a high shear mixer, or the like was used, double phase fine particles were not obtained. However, in the case of monomers that are not completely water-soluble but hydrophilic, such as pentaerythritol diacrylate and trimethylolpropane dimethacrylate, multi-phase and multi-phase fine particles are produced in the aqueous phase dispersion step.
[0018]
In the aqueous suspension polymerization method, the present inventor adds or dissolves a water-soluble polar monomer in an aqueous medium before or after dispersing a hydrophobic monomer containing a polymerization initiator into oil droplets and dispersing it in the aqueous medium. The polar monomer was absorbed into the oil droplets, and it was found that the polar monomer reaches a concentration equilibrium between the oil phase and the aqueous phase according to the inherent partition coefficient. Here, since the polar monomer is a kind of surfactant having a polar group as a hydrophilic group and a polymerizable double bond as a hydrophobic group, a part of the polar monomer absorbed in the oil droplet is a part of the oil droplet. The polar group is exposed on the water phase side on the surface, and the double bond is coordinated on the internal oil phase side, resulting in oil droplets in which the polar group is exposed on the particle surface.
[0019]
The inventor then heated the oil droplets to polymerize the hydrophobic monomer inside and to copolymerize the hydrophobic monomer on the surface with the polar monomer to expose the polar group on the surface. It was ascertained that a polymer fine powder consisting only of solid fine particles was obtained.
[0020]
In addition, based on this knowledge, the present inventor made various types of polymer fine particles and studied in order to obtain a spacer for a liquid crystal display element that can eliminate abnormal alignment fundamentally and prevent light leakage.
[0021]
As a result, the present inventor formed an oil droplet composed of a hydrophobic monomer in which an oil-soluble radical polymerization initiator was dissolved in an aqueous dispersion medium, and absorbed the water-soluble active monomer having a hydroxyl group on the surface of the oil droplet. It was found that by heating and heating, the hydrophobic monomer is polymerized and the hydrophobic monomer and the active monomer are copolymerized to obtain fine particles having hydroxyl groups ubiquitously on the surface.
[0022]
Further, the present inventors have examined in more detail, ascertained that the polymer fine particles obtained by reacting the monofunctional organic isocyanate with the hydroxyl groups of the fine particles are extremely excellent as spacers for liquid crystal display elements, The present invention has been reached.
[0023]
The spacer for a liquid crystal display element of the present invention comprises a plurality of polymer fine particles, and each polymer fine particle is formed by polymerization of a hydrophobic monomer and an active monomer having an active hydrogen group. The number of polymer fine particles having cavities formed from air or an aqueous material is 1% or less. Such polymer fine particles have a solid structure without forming an aqueous phase or cavity therein. Therefore, it is excellent in physical and mechanical strength as a spacer for a liquid crystal display element.
[0024]
In the suspension polymerization method, the cavity formed from air or an aqueous material according to the present invention is used when a polar monomer is homopolymerized, or when a hydrophobic monomer or an active monomer is copolymerized, or when active with a hydrophobic monomer. It refers to a cavity formed by an aqueous substance that penetrates into an oil droplet when the monomer is dispersed as oil droplet fine particles by applying a shear stress in an aqueous medium. In addition, such a cavity may contain a water-based substance in the oil droplet, and another oil droplet may be dispersed in the water-based material in the oil droplet. These oil droplets become fine particles having cavities formed of an aqueous material after heat polymerization, and become fine particles having cavities formed of air after drying.
[0025]
Such a cavity is observed with a transmission optical microscope having a magnification of 100 to 600 times. The transmission optical microscope uses a CH-2 type manufactured by Olympus Corporation, and adjusts the focal length, the aperture, and the brightness of the light source for each measurement so that the outline of the particle can be seen most clearly. At this time, the polymer fine powder is washed and dried, and the fine particles are converted into a liquid having a refractive index of about 1.4 to 1.5 and a high boiling point such as ethylene glycol, cyclohexyl acetate and xylene. When dispersed and examined, particles having a cavity have a large refractive index difference between the air in the cavity and the resin, the cavity looks dark, and the center point of the cavity shines brightly due to the lens effect. At this time, the outer periphery of the fine particles is clearly observed and can be distinguished from the solid particles. In addition, since the fine powder to be used for the microscope is used after drying, the water-based substance forming the cavity does not evaporate during the microscope.
[0026]
The number of the polymer fine particles having such cavities is determined by counting after taking a photograph at 100 to 200 times after confirming that the particles have cavities under a transmission optical microscope having a magnification of 600 times.
[0027]
FIG. 1 is a transmission optical micrograph of a spacer for a liquid crystal display element according to an example of the present invention. The photograph in FIG. 1 was used to count the number of fine particles having cavities in the spacer for a liquid crystal display element using ethylene glycol as a dispersion medium and a magnification of 100 times. This liquid crystal display element spacer had an average particle size of 5.95 μm and a standard deviation of 0.156 μm. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the photograph of FIG. In the present invention, solid
[0028]
FIG. 3 is a transmission optical micrograph of a spacer for a liquid crystal display element according to another example of the present invention. Similar to the photograph of FIG. 1, this photograph is obtained by dispersing liquid crystal display element spacers in ethylene glycol and magnifying it 600 times. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the photograph of FIG. The spacer for a liquid crystal display element of the present invention is composed of 99% or more of fine particles. However, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, in addition to the solid particles,
[0029]
In the spacer for a liquid crystal display element of the present invention, the number of polymer fine particles having such a cavity is 1% or less of the total number of fine particles of the spacer for a liquid crystal display element. Such polymer fine powder is a collection of polymer fine particles having a fine particle structure with high strength and functional active hydrogen groups on the surface.
[0030]
The fine polymer powder according to the present invention can be produced by preparing an oil droplet having a polar group on the surface and polymerizing the oil droplet in an aqueous medium without containing an aqueous phase or the like. it can.
[0031]
The surface portion of each polymer fine particle according to the present invention has an active monomer having an active hydrogen group dissolved in an aqueous medium before or after forming an oil droplet made of a hydrophobic monomer in the aqueous medium. Absorbed, the active hydrogen groups are oriented to the outer water phase layer side, and formed in a state where the concentration of the active monomer reaches an equilibrium state between the water phase and the oil phase.
[0032]
By heating the oil droplets, the hydrophobic monomers inside the oil droplets are polymerized by decomposition of the pre-added polymerization initiator and polymerization of all monomers including the active monomer coordinated on the surface. As a result, active hydrogen groups are exposed on the surface, and solid fine particles composed of a single phase are formed.
[0033]
Hydrophobic monomers may contain hydrophilic monomers and non-polymerizable hydrophilic organic substances as impurities, but when such hydrophobic monomers are dispersed in the aqueous phase, some of the total oil droplets In some cases, multiphase particles incorporating an aqueous phase are observed with a microscope. Such multi-phase particles and the like are not industrially problematic as long as the number is 1% or less in all particles of the polymer fine powder according to the present invention.
[0034]
In the fine polymer powder according to the present invention, the number of polymer fine particles having cavities formed from such air or water-based material is 1% or less of the total fine particles, and the number of fine particles of 99% or more is such a large number. It is a group of fine particles that are not a phase or a composite phase and are filled with polymer, and does not have a cavity. Therefore, when used as a spacer for a liquid crystal display panel, each of the content density of the spacer can be reduced. The fine particles have a sufficiently high mechanical strength.
[0035]
In addition, the fine particles having cavities are easily broken, and if the fragments float in the liquid crystal display plate, the inner surface of the liquid crystal display plate is scratched or the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules is hindered, causing defects such as light leakage. The spacer for a liquid crystal display element of the present invention does not have such a defect and the screen becomes clear.
[0036]
In the polymer fine particles according to the present invention, each polymer fine particle has an active hydrogen group exposed on the outer surface and an organic group via a urethane bond or a urea bond. The spacer for a liquid crystal display element made of such polymer fine particles can fundamentally prevent light leakage of the liquid crystal display element without causing abnormal liquid crystal orientation in the liquid crystal display element.
[0037]
Moreover, the polymer fine particles according to the present invention can have various proportions of active hydrogen groups exposed on the surface by controlling the polymerization proportion of the hydrophobic monomer and the active monomer having an active hydrogen group, It has such an active hydrogen group and an organic group via a urethane bond or a urea bond. Accordingly, a ratio of organic groups controlled by the ratio of active monomers having active hydrogen groups is exposed on the surface of the polymer fine particles.
[0038]
The active monomer according to the present invention has an active hydrogen group. In the present invention, the active hydrogen group refers to a group that is used for reaction with other reactive groups and can impart an organic group via a urethane bond or a urea bond to the surface layer portion of the spacer for a liquid crystal display element. As such an active hydrogen group, a hydrogen group included in at least one group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group and an amino group used for a urethane bond or a urea bond is used.
[0039]
The organic group according to the present invention refers to a group having affinity for liquid crystal molecules and exhibiting liquid crystal properties. Such an organic group takes the same behavior as the electrical behavior of the liquid crystal, thereby extremely reducing the liquid crystal regulation power of the spacer for the liquid crystal display element.
[0040]
As such an organic group, an organic group incorporated in the molecular structure of liquid crystal can be used. For example, from aromatic groups such as fluorophenyl group, fluoroalkyl group, long-chain alkyl group and allyl group, phenyl group, methoxyphenyl group, cyanosenyl group, tolyl group, naphthyl group, and alicyclic groups such as cyclohexyl group At least one group selected from the group can be used.
[0041]
In the present invention, it is preferable to use a fluorophenyl group, a fluoroalkyl group or a long-chain alkyl group as the organic group. These organic groups are often incorporated into the molecular structure of liquid crystals in order to increase the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal molecules. When such an organic group is also present on the surface of the spacer, the electrical properties of the liquid crystal, for example, the arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules depending on the presence or absence of voltage, changes depending on the affinity between the spacer organic group and the liquid crystal molecule organic group. It is considered that the structure easily develops the properties to be achieved.
[0042]
In the present invention, it is particularly preferable to use a long-chain alkyl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms. The number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group incorporated into the liquid crystal molecules is often 5 to 20. When the number of carbon atoms is less than 5, it becomes difficult to develop the property that liquid crystal molecules called nematic liquid crystals are aligned in a certain direction. On the other hand, when the number of carbon atoms exceeds 20, the liquid crystal molecules easily lose such properties. The spacer of the present invention preferably has an alkyl group having the same chain length in order to exhibit affinity with such a liquid crystal molecule.
[0043]
The present inventor has not completely clarified a mechanism in which an organic group via a urethane bond or a urea bond with an active hydrogen group suppresses abnormal alignment of liquid crystal and prevents light leakage of the liquid crystal display element.
[0044]
According to a study by the present inventor, when a group having a low affinity for the liquid crystal molecules on the spacer comes into contact with the liquid crystal molecules, foreign matter is mixed in, and the molecular arrangement of the liquid crystal is likely to be disturbed. It is considered that a group having affinity for a molecule, for example, an organic group incorporated in a liquid crystal molecule, does not disturb the electrical properties of the liquid crystal and hardly disturb the arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules. Note that light leakage becomes more significant as the alignment disorder of liquid crystal molecules increases.
[0045]
The spacer for a liquid crystal display element of the present invention is a solid sphere formed by polymerizing a hydrophobic monomer and an active monomer as polymer fine particles, and has excellent physical and mechanical strength and is controlled on the surface. Therefore, the abnormal orientation of the liquid crystal can be fundamentally prevented and light leakage of the liquid crystal display element can be effectively prevented.
[0046]
Moreover, in this invention, the abnormal orientation of a liquid crystal can be suppressed as a spacer for liquid crystal display elements by controlling the number, ratio, kind, etc. of this organic group.
[0047]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is described in detail below.
In the present invention, polymer fine particles are formed by polymerization of a hydrophobic monomer and copolymerization of the hydrophobic monomer and an active monomer having an active hydrogen group, and at the same time, a controllable ratio on the surface of the resulting polymer fine particles. A spacer for a liquid crystal display element can be formed by exposing the active hydrogen group and providing an organic group via a urethane bond or a urea bond with the active hydrogen group.
[0048]
For example, in obtaining the spacer for a liquid crystal display element of the present invention, oil droplets made of a hydrophobic monomer are formed in an aqueous medium, and the active monomer having an active hydrogen group dissolved in the aqueous medium is absorbed by the oil droplets. By heating the oil droplets, the hydrophobic monomer is polymerized, and the hydrophobic monomer and the active monomer are copolymerized to form polymer fine particles. The active hydrogen group derived from the active monomer on the surface and the organic By reacting with another reactive substance having a group, an organic group via a urethane bond or a urea bond can be imparted to the surface.
[0049]
Examples of the hydrophobic monomer according to the present invention include styrene derivatives such as styrene, α-methylstyrene, 4-chlorostyrene, 4-fluorostyrene, chloromethylstyrene, fluoromethylstyrene, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, Vinyl esters such as divinylbenzene, unsaturated nitriles such as acrylonitrile, methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylic Dodecyl acid, stearyl (meth) acrylate, ethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, trifluoroethyl (meth) acrylate, pentafluoropropyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate Tetraethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, tetramethylolmethane tri (meth) acrylate, Examples include (meth) acrylic acid ester derivatives such as tetramethylolmethane tetra (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, and dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, triallyl isocyanurate, and derivatives thereof. Such a monomer preferably has a solubility in an aqueous medium of 5% by weight or less.
[0050]
In order to polymerize such a hydrophobic monomer, an oil-soluble radical polymerization initiator can be used. The oil-soluble radical polymerization initiator is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, t-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, di-t-butyl peroxide, cumyl hydroper Examples thereof include organic peroxides such as oxide, azo compounds such as azobisisobutyronitrile, azobiscyclohexacarbonitrile, azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), and the like.
[0051]
In order to form an oil droplet composed of a hydrophobic monomer in an aqueous dispersion medium to form the core portion according to the present invention, the oil droplet is formed in a state where the oil-soluble radical polymerization initiator is dissolved in the hydrophobic monomer. Can be formed. In this case, it is preferable to use 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of the oil-soluble polymerization initiator with respect to 100 parts by weight of the radical polymerizable monomer. If the amount is too small, the polymerization conversion rate becomes low and sufficient strength as a spacer cannot be obtained. If the amount is too large, the polymerization initiator tends to remain, and the contamination property to the liquid crystal increases.
[0052]
In order to improve the dispersion stability of the oil droplets formed by the hydrophobic monomer, various aqueous dispersion media used to disperse the hydrophobic monomer solution in which the oil-soluble radical polymerization initiator is dissolved to form oil droplets are used. An aqueous solution of a polymeric dispersion stabilizer can be used.
[0053]
Such dispersion stabilizers include polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, gelatin, starch, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyvinyl methyl ether, polyvinyl sulfone, maleic anhydride copolymer, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene -Water-soluble polymers such as polypropylene block polymer, polyethyleneimine, and polyacrylamide. These may use only 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.
[0054]
As a method for dispersing the hydrophobic monomer in the form of oil droplets in water, a normal stirring method or a method of extruding the hydrophobic monomer into a water layer from a glass membrane filter having uniform pores to form uniform droplets can be used.
[0055]
The shape of the dispersed droplet is usually a true sphere or an ellipsoid. The average particle diameter is 1.0 to 100 μm, preferably 1.5 to 15 μm.
[0056]
In the present invention, an active monomer having active hydrogen can be adsorbed on the surface of oil droplets formed in the aqueous dispersion medium. For the adsorption, the active monomer may be dissolved in an aqueous medium in which oil droplets are formed, or the active monomer may be added to the aqueous dispersion medium in advance and the oil droplets of the hydrophobic monomer may be dispersed later.
[0057]
Water-soluble active monomers having active hydrogen include 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, butanediol mono (meth) acrylate, glycerol mono (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol mono (meth) ) Acrylate, polypropylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, monomethacrylate, allyl alcohol, allylamine, mono (meth) acryloyl acid ethylamine, mono (meth) acryloyl acid propylamine, etc. Can do. These may use only 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.
[0058]
These active monomers having active hydrogen have a hydroxyl group, amino group, or carboxyl group at one end of the molecule, and a hydrophobic and polymerizable vinyl group at the other end. As shown, the vinyl group is coordinated in the oil layer and the active hydrogen group is coordinated in the water layer, and absorbed into the oil droplets.
[0059]
The active monomer is used in an amount of 1 to 100 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the hydrophobic monomer. The amount of the aqueous medium is not particularly limited, but it is necessary to disperse the hydrophobic monomer and the active monomer and to apply a high shearing force (shear), so that the amount is 1 to 2 times the amount of both monomers.
[0060]
The addition amount of the active monomer can be determined from the determination of the surface hydroxyl group and the physical properties of the particles. If the proportion of the active monomer is less than 1 part by weight, the proportion of the active hydrogen group in the surface layer portion is too small, and the proportion of the organic group is also small. When the amount exceeds 100 parts by weight, the mechanical strength of the particles decreases, and it becomes difficult to use as a spacer.
[0061]
The method for adding the active monomer is not particularly limited. For example, the active monomer may be added in the form of an aqueous solution dissolved in water, or may be gradually added to the aqueous dispersion medium by a dropping operation. No radical polymerization initiator is added to the active monomer. This is because the monomer remaining in water is not polymerized.
[0062]
After the addition of the active monomer, the entire aqueous dispersion medium is slowly stirred, so that the active monomer on the oil droplets collides, the active monomer collects at the interface between the oil droplet and the aqueous dispersion medium, and the active monomer becomes oil droplets. Absorbed.
[0063]
The time for absorbing the active monomer, the type of monomer, and the amount of the monomer added are the surface of fine particles obtained from the active monomer having a hydroxyl group in advance, a kind of electron spectroscopy, and the substance is irradiated with radiation such as X-rays and ultraviolet rays The relationship between the amount and type of active monomer and the hydroxyl groups exposed on the surface is measured by ESCA (Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis). Clarify and judge from the results. In addition, the amount of active monomer, usage method, and the like can be determined by quantifying the amount of hydroxyl groups according to JIS-K-0070 (Method for quantifying hydroxyl value). The absorption time is usually about 1 to 10 minutes, but there is no problem even if absorption is performed over a longer time.
[0064]
In the present invention, the hydrophobic monomer on the oil droplet inner side is polymerized by heating the oil droplet that has absorbed the active monomer, and at the same time, the hydrophobic monomer on the oil droplet surface side and the active monomer having an active hydrogen group Can be copolymerized to form polymer fine particles used as spacers for liquid crystal display elements.
[0065]
In this case, the temperature of the aqueous dispersion medium containing the oil droplets is increased, the radical polymerization initiator in the oil droplets is decomposed, the generated radicals are polymerized, and the hydrophobic monomer and the active monomer are copolymerized. Thus, fine particles having active hydrogen on the surface can be obtained.
[0066]
The polymerization reaction and copolymerization reaction according to the present invention can be performed in a nitrogen atmosphere at 50 to 90 ° C. for 3 to 48 hours as usual. After the reaction, the monomer and dispersion stabilizer remaining in the particles are washed and removed using water or alcohols, and dried to obtain fine particles having active hydrogen on the surface.
[0067]
Such fine particles need to be classified in order to be used as spacers for liquid crystal display elements. In the classification treatment, the standard deviation of the particle size distribution of the fine particles is adjusted to 10% or less of the average particle size, that is, the variation coefficient is 10% or less, preferably 5% or less.
[0068]
The spacer for a liquid crystal display element of the present invention can be obtained by treating the surface of the polymer fine particle so that an organic group via a urethane bond or a urea bond with an active hydrogen group is formed.
[0069]
Although not limited to a specific method for imparting such an organic group, for example, fine particles having a hydroxyl group or an amino group on the surface are reacted with a monofunctional organic isocyanate to cause a urethane bond or a urea bond. Organic groups can be provided. As a result, the liquid crystal display spacer of the present invention in which organic (substitution) groups derived from monofunctional organic isocyanate are ubiquitously present on the surface can be obtained.
[0070]
Such monofunctional organic isocyanates include allyl isocyanate, 2-chloroethyl isocyanate, o-chlorophenyl isocyanate, m-chlorophenyl isocyanate, 4-chlorophenyl isocyanate, o-tolyl isocyanate, m-tolyl isocyanate, p-tolyl isocyanate. , Α, α, α-trifluoro-o-tolyl isocyanate, α, α, α-trifluoro-m-tolyl isocyanate, 1-naphthyl isocyanate, 4-nitrophenyl isocyanate, phenyl isocyanate, 1-phenylethyl isocyanate, isopropyl Isocyanate, n-butyl isocyanate, hexyl isocyanate, cyclohexyl isocyanate, octyl isocyanate, dodecyl isocyanate, lauryl isocyanate Nates, octadecyl isocyanate, benzyl isocyanate, 2-fluorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl isocyanate, 4- (methylthio) phenyl isocyanate, 3-cyanophenyl isocyanate, 4-cyanophenyl isocyanate, etc. is there. These may use only 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.
[0071]
The method for reacting a hydroxyl group or amino group as an active hydrogen group with a monofunctional organic isocyanate is not particularly limited. For example, the fine particles are dispersed in a dehydrated organic solvent (non-reactive with isocyanate). Then, a monofunctional organic isocyanate is added and reacted. In this reaction, a tertiary amine or organic catalyst can be used in a usual manner as required.
[0072]
【Example】
The following examples further illustrate the invention.
Example 1
(Preparation of fine particles having hydroxyl groups on the surface)
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., K-30) in 5% aqueous solution, 850 g, in advance, 0.1 g of monomethoxyhydroquinone and benzoyl peroxide (manufactured by NOF Corporation, recrystallized with acetone) 2 g And 150 g of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate are mixed with sufficient stirring under air at normal temperature, and then added, and stirred at a sufficiently high speed for 1 hour to disperse in fine oil droplets. An aqueous solution in which 30 g of ethyl methacrylate was dissolved in 120 g of water was added and stirred at low speed for 1 hour.
[0073]
Thereafter, the oil droplets in the dispersion were polymerized at 80 ° C. for 5 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. The obtained polymer fine particles were sufficiently washed with water, and then classified. Fine particles having an average particle size of 5.6 μm and a standard deviation of 0.28 μm were collected and dried.
[0074]
As a result of analyzing the surface of the particle by ESCA, it was found that the hydroxyl group was confirmed and the surface of the particle was covered with the hydroxyl group.
[0075]
(Organic isocyanate treatment)
10 g of the above fine particles are dispersed in 20 g of dehydrated toluene, and 1 g of 4-fluorophenyl isocyanate and 0.001 mg of 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane as a urethanization catalyst are added to the mixture at 80 ° C., 24 ° C. The reaction was completed for a period of time, and the reaction was completed after confirming that the absorption of the isocyanate group disappeared by IR (infrared absorption spectrum). The fine particles were collected by filtration, washed with alcohol and water, dried, and the surface was chemically modified. A liquid crystal display element spacer of this example was obtained.
[0076]
(Evaluation with liquid crystal display element)
An STN type liquid crystal display element having a substrate size of 50 × 50 mm was produced using the spacers described above, and cell evaluation was performed as follows for light leakage around the spacers using a 200 × microscope.
[0077]
First, the voltage of AC2V is applied to the liquid crystal display element, the cell display characteristics in the initial state are evaluated (abnormal orientation-1), and then the voltage of 20V is applied to the liquid crystal display element, and then the voltage of 2V is further applied. Then, the cell display characteristics in the voltage applied state were evaluated (abnormal orientation-2). The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
[0078]
Example 2
A spacer for a liquid crystal display element of this example having a chemically modified surface was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 4-fluorophenyl isocyanate used in the organic isocyanate treatment of Example 1 was replaced with dodecyl isocyanate. Evaluation was performed using a liquid crystal display element in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0079]
Example 3
In Example 2, diallyl phthalate was used instead of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, benzoyl peroxide was increased to 4.5 g, allylamine was used instead of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and the allylamine adsorption time was 1 hour. A spacer for a liquid crystal display element whose surface was chemically modified was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the polymerization time was 24 hours. Evaluation was performed using a liquid crystal display element in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0080]
Comparative Example 1
In 850 g of a 5% aqueous solution of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., K-30), 0.1 g of monomethoxyhydroquinone and benzoyl peroxide (manufactured by NOF Corporation, recrystallized with acetone) 2 g Then, 150 g of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate was mixed with sufficient stirring under air at 40 to 43 ° C., then charged, and stirred for 1 hour at high speed (rotation speed 800 rpm) to be dispersed in fine particles. Thereafter, polymerization was performed at 80 ° C. for 5 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. The obtained polymer fine particles were sufficiently washed with water, and then classified. Fine particles having an average particle size of 5.6 μm and a standard deviation of 0.26 μm were collected, washed with alcohol and water, and dried to obtain spacers. Evaluation was performed using a liquid crystal display element in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0081]
[Table 1]
[0082]
As shown in Table 1, it was found that all of the spacers for liquid crystal display elements of Examples 1 to 3 had no light leakage due to abnormal alignment of liquid crystals and had a low liquid crystal regulation power.
[0083]
【The invention's effect】
The spacer for liquid crystal display element of the present invention is a hydrophobic monomer. Oil drops consisting of When , Adsorbed on the oil droplets, It consists of fine powder of polymer fine particles obtained by polymerization with an active monomer having an active hydrogen group, and the number of polymer fine particles having cavities formed from air or an aqueous material is 1% or less. No water phase or cavities are formed, a solid fine particle structure is exhibited, and physical and mechanical strength is excellent.
[0084]
Further, the spacer for a liquid crystal display element of the present invention has a controlled proportion of organic groups that have reacted with active hydrogen groups according to the active monomer ratio via urethane bonds or urea bonds on the outer surface of each polymer fine particle. Therefore, in the liquid crystal display element, abnormal alignment of the liquid crystal can be fundamentally prevented, and light leakage of the liquid crystal display element can be prevented.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a drawing-substituting photograph of a spacer for a liquid crystal display element according to an example of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the photograph of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a drawing-substituting photograph of a spacer for a liquid crystal display element of another example of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the photograph of FIG. 3;
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Enhanced fine particles
2 Fine particles with cavities
Claims (4)
前記高分子微粉末が複数の高分子微粒子からなり、前記各高分子微粒子が、疎水性モノマーからなる油滴と、前記油滴に吸着された、活性水素基を有する活性モノマーとの重合によって形成されており、前記液晶表示素子用スペーサ中、空気又は水系物質から形成された空洞を有する前記高分子微粒子の数が、1%以下であり、前記各高分子微粒子が、外表面に露出する前記活性水素基とウレタン結合又は尿素結合を介した有機基を有することを特徴とする、液晶表示素子用スペーサ。A liquid crystal display element spacer made of polymer fine powder,
The polymer fine powder is composed of a plurality of polymer fine particles, and each polymer fine particle is formed by polymerization of an oil droplet made of a hydrophobic monomer and an active monomer having an active hydrogen group adsorbed on the oil droplet. In the spacer for liquid crystal display element, the number of the polymer fine particles having a cavity formed of air or an aqueous material is 1% or less, and the polymer fine particles are exposed on the outer surface. A spacer for a liquid crystal display element, comprising an active hydrogen group and an organic group via a urethane bond or a urea bond.
前記スペーサが、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項記載の液晶表示素子用スペーサであることを特徴とする、液晶表示素子。A liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates and a spacer for maintaining a predetermined distance between each substrate and a liquid crystal interposed between the substrates,
The said spacer is a spacer for liquid crystal display elements as described in any one of Claims 1-3, The liquid crystal display element characterized by the above-mentioned.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP19052299A JP3607537B2 (en) | 1999-07-05 | 1999-07-05 | Liquid crystal display element spacer and liquid crystal display element |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP19052299A JP3607537B2 (en) | 1999-07-05 | 1999-07-05 | Liquid crystal display element spacer and liquid crystal display element |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2001021901A JP2001021901A (en) | 2001-01-26 |
| JP3607537B2 true JP3607537B2 (en) | 2005-01-05 |
Family
ID=16259497
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP19052299A Expired - Fee Related JP3607537B2 (en) | 1999-07-05 | 1999-07-05 | Liquid crystal display element spacer and liquid crystal display element |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3607537B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3895164B2 (en) * | 2001-11-29 | 2007-03-22 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | Manufacturing method of liquid crystal display device |
-
1999
- 1999-07-05 JP JP19052299A patent/JP3607537B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2001021901A (en) | 2001-01-26 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP4215834B2 (en) | Particles and droplets containing liquid domains | |
| JPH1073829A (en) | Liquid crystal display including spacer and method of manufacturing spacer | |
| JP2004109178A (en) | Colloidal crystal and its manufacturing method | |
| JP2009237342A (en) | Light diffusion film, and method for manufacturing light diffusion film | |
| US7741378B2 (en) | Porous monodispersed particles and method for production thereof, and use thereof | |
| CA2053998A1 (en) | Narrow band radiation filter films | |
| JP3607537B2 (en) | Liquid crystal display element spacer and liquid crystal display element | |
| JP5212853B2 (en) | Light diffusing polymer particles, production method thereof, and light diffusing sheet containing the light diffusing polymer particles | |
| JP2000191818A (en) | Method for producing porous fine particles | |
| JP2000131676A (en) | Electro-optical properties of polymer matrix modified polymer dispersed liquid crystal composite film, cell using the film, and method of manufacturing the same | |
| JPH072913A (en) | Colored polymer fine particles, method for producing the same, spacer for liquid crystal display device, and liquid crystal display device | |
| JP2003183337A (en) | Polymer particle and process for production thereof | |
| JP2003113206A (en) | Method for producing adhesive spacer for liquid crystal display device | |
| JPH10310603A (en) | Method for producing fine spherical copolymer with narrow particle size distribution | |
| KR100511194B1 (en) | Capsulized or Surface Functionalized Monodisperse Polymer Particle and Method of Preparing the Same | |
| JP4081083B2 (en) | Method for producing acrylic cross-linked resin porous body | |
| JP7061756B2 (en) | Photochromic dye-containing nanocapsules and their manufacturing method | |
| KR100568083B1 (en) | Surface-functionalized monodisperse polymer fine particles, preparation method thereof, and spacer using the fine particles | |
| JP3947323B2 (en) | Liquid crystal display element spacer and liquid crystal display element | |
| JP3682253B2 (en) | Method for producing polymer particles | |
| KR100507339B1 (en) | Full-interpenetrated structured monodisperse polymer particle, process for producing the same and application as a spacer for liquid crystal display | |
| JP3059008B2 (en) | Coated fine particles | |
| JPH0496902A (en) | Preparation of crosslinked polymer fine particle | |
| JP3574564B2 (en) | Liquid crystal display element spacer and liquid crystal display element | |
| JPH06172660A (en) | Coated fine particle |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20040914 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20041007 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent (=grant) or registration of utility model |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (prs date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20071015 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (prs date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20081015 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (prs date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20091015 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (prs date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20091015 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (prs date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121015 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (prs date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20151015 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |