JP3609921B2 - Fine spray fire extinguishing system - Google Patents

Description

で定義される。微噴霧とした液滴を球と見做し半径をｒとすると比表面積Ｓは、

となり、粒径ｒが小さい程、比表面積Ｓを大きくすることができる。
【０００４】
また微噴霧であるが故に、火災源の規模が大きくなると、生成される熱対流に逆らって液滴粒子が燃焼場に到達することは極めて難しく、噴霧圧力を高くしたり、不活性ガスの放出により消火用水を微噴霧化して拭き付ける２流体による微噴霧化が行われている。更に、プール火災の様に一度火災が生成されると、例え小さな炎であっても残った場合、容易に火災が復活する。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
このように微噴霧消火システムの消火メカニズムを考えた場合、極力一気に散水密度のむらなく火災源に微噴霧を到達させることが、消火能力を高める重要なポイントとなる。
一方、居住空間や防護空間は一般に一個の微噴霧ヘッドでカバーしきれるものではなく、複数の噴霧ヘッドの散水分布が互いにオーバラップし合うように適正に配置する必要がある。
【０００６】
このように複数の噴霧ヘッドを配置して噴霧実験を行ったところ、隣接するヘッドから放出された微噴霧がオーバラップする部分において、微噴霧が火源に向かわずに空中に滞留する現象が見られた。この微噴霧の滞留現象は、隣接するヘッドから放射された液滴粒子が、互いに反対方向の運動成分をもって衝突し、運動エネルギが大きく低下してしまうことに起因している。
【０００７】
このため隣接するヘッドからの微噴霧がオーバラップする部分で火災が発生した場合、ヘッドから放出された微噴霧が衝突現象により急速に運動エネルギを失い、火災による熱気流で吹き戻されて燃焼場に到達できず、消火性能が著しく低下する問題があった。
本発明は、このような問題点に鑑みてなされたもので、隣接する微噴霧ヘッドからの微噴霧がオーバラップする部分での消火性能を向上させるようした微噴霧消火システムを提供することを目的とする。
【０００８】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この目的を達成するため、本発明の微噴霧消火システムにあっては、防護区画の天井面側に二次元的に隣接する微噴霧ヘッドの散水範囲がオーバラップするように分散配置された複数の噴霧ヘッドと、同一グループに属する噴霧ヘッドからの噴霧がオーバラップしないように複数の噴霧ヘッドをグループ構成した複数のヘッドグループと、ヘッドグループ単位に順番に繰り返し消火用水を供給し、ヘッドグループごとに時間的にずらして消火用水を微噴霧化して防護区画全体に放出させる微噴霧制御部とを備えたことを特徴とする。
【０００９】
ここで複数のヘッドグループは、同一グループに属する噴霧ヘッドが相互に隣接しないように前記複数の噴霧ヘッドのグループを構成する。また微噴霧制御部は、ヘッドグループ単位に加圧消火用水を供給する分岐管の各々に電動弁を設け、複数の電動弁を順番に一定時間開制御後閉制御する開閉制御を繰り返し行う。このような本発明の微噴霧消火システムによれば、隣接する微噴霧ヘッドからは時間的にずらしてオーバラップ領域に微噴霧が放出され、運動方向の異なる微噴霧同士の衝突による運動エネルギの低減がないことから、液滴の燃焼場への十分な供給が確保でき、消火能力が低下しない。
【００１０】
また液滴の相互干渉が回避されることで、隣接ヘッドの十分なオーバラップを可能とし、均一な微噴霧の散水量の供給が図られ、安定した消火能力を維持できる。更に、グループ単位に交互に噴霧することで、消火用水の散水量を更に低減できる。
【００１１】
【発明の実施の形態】
図１は本発明の微噴霧消火システムの実施形態を示した説明図である。
図１において建物の防護区画に対し、この実施形態にあっては、ヘッドグループＡ，Ｂ，Ｃ，Ｄの４グループに分けて、グループごとに微噴霧ヘッド１Ａ，１Ｂ，１Ｃ，１Ｄのそれぞれを複数設けている。ヘッドグループＡ〜Ｄごとに分けられた微噴霧ヘッド１Ａ〜１Ｄは各グループごとに分岐管３Ａ，３Ｂ，３Ｃ，３Ｄに分けて接続され、分岐管３Ａ〜３Ｄのそれぞれには電動弁２Ａ，２Ｂ，２Ｃ，２Ｄが設けられている。分岐管３Ａ〜３Ｄを分岐した給水本管３は消火ポンプ４の突出側に接続されており、消火ポンプ４の吸込み側は水源水槽６に下ろされている。消火ポンプ４はモータ５により駆動され、加圧消火用水を給水本管３を経由して各分岐管３Ａ〜３Ｄに供給する。また消火ポンプ４に対しては呼水槽７が設けられている。
【００１２】
給水本管３の途中にはアキュームレータ８が設けられ、消火用水を蓄圧し、微噴霧ヘッド１Ａ〜１Ｄから消火用水を微噴霧化して放出した際の給水圧力の低下を補うようにしている。
電動弁２Ａ〜２Ｄ及び消火ポンプ４は、制御盤９に接続されており、制御盤９には微噴霧制御部１０としての機能が設けられている。微噴霧制御部１０は、図示しない火災感知器からの発報信号あるいは監視員の消火起動の指示を受けた際に、モータ５の起動により消火ポンプ４を運転して加圧消火用水を供給し、この状態でヘッドグループＡ，Ｂ，Ｃ，Ｄの順番に電動弁２Ａ，２Ｂ，２Ｃ，２Ｄを開閉制御し、ヘッドグループＡ〜Ｄごとに時間的にずらして消火用水の微噴霧の放出を行わせる。
【００１３】
図２は図１に設けた複数の微噴霧ヘッド１Ａ〜１Ｄの配置とグループ構成の説明図である。図２において複数の微噴霧ヘッドは、この実施形態にあっては千鳥格子状に配置されており、同一グループに属する噴霧ヘッドからの微噴霧がオーバラップしないように複数の噴霧ヘッドをグループ構成している。具体的には、同一グループに属する噴霧ヘッドが互いに隣接しないように、複数の噴霧ヘッドのグループを構成している。例えばヘッドグループＡに属する微噴霧ヘッド１Ａを見ると、２つの最短距離にある微噴霧ヘッド１Ａを結んだ直線上に必ず他のヘッドグループＢ〜Ｄに属する微噴霧ヘッド、例えば左端の２つの微噴霧ヘッド１Ａの間にはヘッドグループＣに属する微噴霧ヘッド１Ｃが位置している。したがって、他のグループの微噴霧ヘッドが間に位置することで、ヘッドグループＡに属する微噴霧ヘッドが相互に隣接することはない。この関係は他のヘッドグループＢ〜Ｄに属する微噴霧ヘッド１Ｂ，１Ｃ，１Ｄについても同様である。また微噴霧ヘッド１Ａ〜１Ｄの微噴霧の散水範囲は、例えば左下端の微噴霧ヘッド１Ａについて見ると、隣接する他のグループの微噴霧ヘッド即ちヘッドグループＣの微噴霧ヘッド１Ｃとの間隔をＬとすると、このヘッド間隔Ｌを超えないように噴霧範囲を決めればよい。
【００１４】
図３は図１の制御盤９に設けた微噴霧制御部１０によるヘッドグループＡ〜Ｄ単位の微噴霧の放出制御のタイムチャートである。この微噴霧放出制御にあっては、ヘッドグループＡの微噴霧ヘッド１Ａに対し電動弁２Ａを開制御して加圧消火用水を供給して微噴霧の放出を一定時間行った後、制御弁２Ａを閉鎖すると同時に、ヘッドグループＢに属する微噴霧ヘッド１Ｂに対する電動弁２Ｂを開制御し、ヘッドグループＡの微噴霧の放出停止と同時にヘッドグループＢからの微噴霧の放出を開始する。以下同様に、ヘッドグループＢ，Ｃ，Ｄの順番に一定時間消火用水の微噴霧の放出を行い、再びヘッドグループＡに戻って、これを繰り返す。
【００１５】
このため図２のような微噴霧ヘッドの配置であっても、ヘッドグループＡ〜Ｄに属する微噴霧ヘッド１Ａ〜１Ｄの時間的にずらした微噴霧の放出となることで、同一ヘッドグループに属する微噴霧ヘッドからの微噴霧の放出においてオーバラップは発生せず、オーバラップ分で運動方向の異なる液滴が衝突して運動エネルギが急激に低下し火災による熱気流で飛散されて燃焼場に液滴が届かなくなる減少を確実に回避できる。またヘッドグループＡ〜Ｄごとの微噴霧はオーバラップしないが、全体的な微噴霧の散布を見ると隣接する異なったヘッドグループの微噴霧ヘッドとの間の微噴霧のオーバラップが十分に行われており、その結果、全体的に見た微噴霧の散布量の均一化を図ることができる。
【００１６】
なお上記の実施例は多数の微噴霧ヘッドを配置した場合を例にとっているが、本発明は少なくとも３つの微噴霧ヘッドを防護区画に配置した場合に適用することができる。またヘッドグループごとの放水時間は必要に応じて適宜に定めることができる。また放水時間を固定せず、火災の規模に応じて放水時間を決めるようにしてもよい。
【００１７】
【発明の効果】
以上説明してきたように本発明によれば、防護区画に複数の噴霧ヘッドを分散配置していても、隣接する微噴霧ヘッド同士の消火用水の微噴霧の散布は時間的にずらして行われ、このため隣接する微噴霧ヘッドのオーバラップ領域には運動方向の異なる微噴霧同士の衝突現象による運動能力の低下が起きず、オーバラップ領域においても液滴の燃焼場への十分な供給が確保できて、高い消火能力を得ることができる。
【００１８】
また隣接する微噴霧ヘッドから放出された液滴の相互干渉が回避されることで隣接ヘッドとの十分なオーバラップを可能とし、その結果、均一な微噴霧の散水量が確保され、安定した高い消火能力を維持できる。更にグループ単位に時間的にずらして交互に噴霧することで、消火用水の散水量を更に低減することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の微噴霧消火システムの実施形態の説明図
【図２】図１の微噴霧ヘッドの配置とグループ構成の説明図
【図３】図１の微噴霧制御部によるヘッドグループ単位に順次行う噴霧制御のタイムチャート
【符号の説明】
１Ａ〜１Ｄ：微噴霧ヘッド
２Ａ〜２Ｄ：電動弁
３：給水本管
３Ａ〜３Ｄ：分岐管
４：消火ポンプ
５：モータ
６：水源水槽
７：呼水槽
８：アキュームレータ
９：制御盤
１０：微噴霧制御部[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fine spray fire-extinguishing system that discharges pressurized fire-extinguishing water as a fine spray having a particle diameter of several tens to several hundreds of micrometers from a spray head.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, the basic idea of this type of fine spray fire extinguishing system is to reduce the size of the droplets used for fire extinguishing and increase the specific surface area to promote evaporation. The purpose is to enhance the fire extinguishing ability by a mechanism that scavenges, dilutes the combustible gas with steam, dilutes the oxygen concentration, or scavenges the combustible gas from the combustion field by the jet generated by the spray pressure.
[0003]
Here, the specific surface area S when a fixed volume of water is sprayed from the spray head to form a fine spray is:

Defined by Assuming that the finely sprayed droplet is a sphere and the radius is r, the specific surface area S is

Thus, the specific surface area S can be increased as the particle size r is smaller.
[0004]
In addition, because of the fine spray, when the scale of the fire source increases, it is extremely difficult for the droplet particles to reach the combustion field against the generated heat convection, increasing the spray pressure or releasing inert gas. The atomization with two fluids is performed by atomizing the water for fire extinguishing and wiping. Furthermore, once a fire is generated like a pool fire, even if a small flame remains, the fire is easily restored.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Thus, when considering the fire extinguishing mechanism of the fine spray fire extinguishing system, it is an important point to improve the fire extinguishing ability to reach the fire source as quickly as possible without evenly spreading the water spray density.
On the other hand, the living space and the protective space are generally not covered with a single fine spray head, and it is necessary to arrange them appropriately so that the water spray distributions of the plurality of spray heads overlap each other.
[0006]
When a spray experiment was conducted with a plurality of spray heads arranged in this way, a phenomenon was observed in which the fine spray stays in the air without facing the fire source at the part where the fine spray discharged from the adjacent heads overlaps. It was. This stagnation phenomenon of fine spray is due to the fact that droplet particles emitted from adjacent heads collide with moving components in opposite directions, and the kinetic energy is greatly reduced.
[0007]
For this reason, when a fire occurs in the area where the fine spray from the adjacent heads overlaps, the fine spray emitted from the heads loses kinetic energy rapidly due to the collision phenomenon, and is blown back by the hot air current from the fire to burn the combustion field. There was a problem that fire extinguishing performance was significantly lowered.
The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fine spray fire extinguishing system that improves fire extinguishing performance in a portion where fine sprays from adjacent fine spray heads overlap. And
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve this object, in the fine spray fire extinguishing system according to the present invention, a plurality of spray spray heads that are two-dimensionally adjacent to the ceiling surface side of the protective compartment are distributed so that the water spray ranges overlap . A plurality of head groups in which a plurality of spray heads are grouped so that sprays from spray heads and spray heads belonging to the same group do not overlap, and fire water is repeatedly supplied in order for each head group. And a fine spray control unit that sprays fire-extinguishing water finely and releases it to the entire protective compartment .
[0009]
Here, the plurality of head groups constitute the plurality of spray head groups so that the spray heads belonging to the same group are not adjacent to each other. Further, the fine spray control unit is provided with an electric valve in each of the branch pipes that supply pressurized fire-extinguishing water in units of head groups, and repeatedly performs open / close control for sequentially opening and closing the plurality of electric valves for a certain period of time . According to such a fine spray fire extinguishing system of the present invention, the fine spray is released from the adjacent fine spray heads in the overlap region with a time shift, and the kinetic energy is reduced by the collision of the fine sprays having different movement directions. Therefore, a sufficient supply of droplets to the combustion field can be secured, and the fire extinguishing ability is not lowered.
[0010]
Further, by avoiding the mutual interference of droplets, it is possible to sufficiently overlap adjacent heads, supply a uniform amount of spray water, and maintain a stable fire extinguishing capability. Furthermore, by spraying alternately on a group basis, the amount of water for fire fighting can be further reduced.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing an embodiment of a fine spray fire extinguishing system of the present invention.
In FIG. 1, in this embodiment, the protection compartment of the building is divided into four groups of head groups A, B, C and D, and each of the fine spray heads 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D is assigned to each group. There are several. The fine spray heads 1A to 1D divided into the head groups A to D are connected to the branch pipes 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D for each group, and the branch valves 3A to 3D are respectively connected to the motor-operated valves 2A and 2B. , 2C, 2D. The water supply main pipe 3 branched from the branch pipes 3 </ b> A to 3 </ b> D is connected to the projecting side of the fire pump 4, and the suction side of the fire pump 4 is lowered to the water source water tank 6. The fire-extinguishing pump 4 is driven by a motor 5 and supplies pressurized fire-extinguishing water to each branch pipe 3 </ b> A to 3 </ b> D via the water supply main pipe 3. Further, for the fire pump 4, a priming tank 7 is provided.
[0012]
An accumulator 8 is provided in the middle of the water supply main pipe 3 so as to accumulate fire extinguishing water and compensate for a decrease in water supply pressure when the fire extinguishing water is atomized and discharged from the fine spray heads 1A to 1D.
The motor-operated valves 2A to 2D and the fire pump 4 are connected to a control panel 9, and the control panel 9 is provided with a function as a fine spray control unit 10. When the fine spray control unit 10 receives a warning signal from a fire detector (not shown) or an instruction to start fire extinguishing by a monitor, the fire pump 4 is operated by starting the motor 5 to supply pressurized fire extinguishing water. In this state, the motor-operated valves 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D are controlled to open and close in the order of the head groups A, B, C, D, and the fine spray of fire-extinguishing water is discharged for each of the head groups A to D. Let it be done.
[0013]
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the arrangement and group configuration of the plurality of fine spray heads 1A to 1D provided in FIG. In FIG. 2, the plurality of fine spray heads are arranged in a staggered pattern in this embodiment, and the plurality of spray heads are grouped so that the fine sprays from the spray heads belonging to the same group do not overlap. doing. Specifically, a group of a plurality of spray heads is configured so that spray heads belonging to the same group are not adjacent to each other. For example, when the fine spray head 1A belonging to the head group A is viewed, the fine spray heads belonging to the other head groups B to D on the straight line connecting the two fine spray heads 1A at the shortest distance, for example, the two fine dots at the left end. A fine spray head 1C belonging to the head group C is located between the spray heads 1A. Therefore, the fine spray heads belonging to the head group A are not adjacent to each other because the fine spray heads of the other groups are located between them. This relationship is the same for the fine spray heads 1B, 1C, and 1D belonging to the other head groups B to D. Further, the spraying range of the fine sprays of the fine spray heads 1A to 1D is, for example, when the fine spray head 1A at the lower left corner is viewed, the interval between the adjacent fine spray heads of other groups, that is, the fine spray head 1C of the head group C Then, the spray range may be determined so as not to exceed the head interval L.
[0014]
FIG. 3 is a time chart of fine spray discharge control in units of head groups A to D by the fine spray control unit 10 provided in the control panel 9 of FIG. In this fine spray discharge control, the motorized valve 2A is controlled to open to the fine spray head 1A of the head group A, pressurized fire-extinguishing water is supplied and the fine spray is discharged for a predetermined time, and then the control valve 2A. At the same time, the motor-operated valve 2B for the fine spray head 1B belonging to the head group B is controlled to be opened, and the fine spray from the head group B is started simultaneously with the stop of the fine spray discharge from the head group A. In the same manner, the fire spray water fine spray is discharged for a predetermined time in the order of the head groups B, C, D, and the process returns to the head group A again.
[0015]
Therefore, even with the arrangement of the fine spray heads as shown in FIG. 2, the fine spray heads 1A to 1D belonging to the head groups A to D belong to the same head group by discharging the fine sprays shifted in time. No overlap occurs in the discharge of the fine spray from the fine spray head. Drops with different motion directions collide with each other due to the overlap, and the kinetic energy drops sharply and is scattered by the hot air current caused by the fire. It is possible to surely avoid the decrease that the droplet does not reach. In addition, although the fine spraying for each of the head groups A to D does not overlap, when the overall spraying of the fine spray is seen, the fine spraying overlap between the fine spraying heads of different adjacent head groups is sufficiently performed. As a result, the spraying amount of the fine spray can be made uniform as a whole.
[0016]
In the above embodiment, a case where a large number of fine spray heads are arranged is taken as an example. However, the present invention can be applied to a case where at least three fine spray heads are arranged in a protective section. Moreover, the water discharge time for each head group can be appropriately determined as necessary. Further, the water discharge time may be determined according to the scale of the fire without fixing the water discharge time.
[0017]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, even when a plurality of spray heads are dispersedly arranged in the protective compartment, the spraying of the fine water spray for fire extinguishing between adjacent fine spray heads is performed with a time shift, For this reason, in the overlap area of adjacent fine spray heads, there is no reduction in the ability of movement due to the collision phenomenon of fine sprays with different movement directions, and sufficient supply of droplets to the combustion field can be secured even in the overlap area. High fire extinguishing ability.
[0018]
In addition, mutual interference between the droplets discharged from the adjacent fine spray heads is avoided, so that sufficient overlap with the adjacent heads is possible. As a result, a uniform water spray amount is ensured and stable and high. The fire fighting ability can be maintained. Furthermore, the amount of water spray can be further reduced by spraying alternately by shifting in groups.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of an embodiment of a fine spray fire extinguishing system according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of arrangement and group configuration of a fine spray head in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a head group unit by a fine spray control unit in FIG. Time chart of spray control performed sequentially [Explanation of symbols]
1A to 1D: Fine spray heads 2A to 2D: Motorized valve 3: Water supply mains 3A to 3D: Branch pipe 4: Fire extinguishing pump 5: Motor 6: Water source tank 7: Expiratory tank 8: Accumulator 9: Control panel 10: Fine spray Control unit

Claims (3)

A plurality of spray heads arranged in a distributed manner so that the water spray ranges of the fine spray heads two-dimensionally adjacent to the ceiling surface side of the protective compartment overlap ;
A plurality of head groups configured to group the plurality of spray heads so that sprays from spray heads belonging to the same group do not overlap; and
A fine spray control unit that repeatedly supplies fire-extinguishing water sequentially in units of the head groups, finely sprays the fire-extinguishing water with a time lag for each head group, and discharges it to the entire protective compartment;
A fine spray fire extinguishing system comprising: 2. The fine spray fire extinguishing system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of head groups constitute the plurality of spray head groups so that spray heads belonging to the same group are not adjacent to each other. Fire extinguishing system. 2. The fine spray fire extinguishing system according to claim 1, wherein the fine spray control unit is provided with an electric valve in each of the branch pipes that supply pressurized fire-extinguishing water in units of the head group, and the plurality of electric valves are sequentially arranged. A fine spray fire extinguishing system characterized by repeatedly performing open / close control for open control after a certain period of time .

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