JP3618399B2 - Hydraulic composition - Google Patents
Hydraulic composition Download PDFInfo
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- JP3618399B2 JP3618399B2 JP12801395A JP12801395A JP3618399B2 JP 3618399 B2 JP3618399 B2 JP 3618399B2 JP 12801395 A JP12801395 A JP 12801395A JP 12801395 A JP12801395 A JP 12801395A JP 3618399 B2 JP3618399 B2 JP 3618399B2
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/18—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mixtures of the silica-lime type
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B24/2623—Polyvinylalcohols; Polyvinylacetates
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は建材および土木用材料などの無機質成形物の原料として好適な水硬性組成物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より耐火性、断熱性および強度に優れた建材および土木用資材として、珪酸カルシウム板やセメント系無機質板などが広く使用されていた。近年、常温養生や常圧養生ばかりでなく、短時間に高い強度と優れた耐久性を有するセメント成形物を製造する方法として高温高圧での蒸気養生、すなわちオートクレーブ養生が広く用いられるようになった。これらの無機質成形物の大きな用途として、抄造法による多層突き板や押し出し成形方法による建物の壁材を中心とした軽量板がある。これらは比重が軽く、しかも強く強靭な性能が望まれているほか、釘打ち性や耐凍害性などの厳しい性能も要求されている。これらの対策として石綿がセメント成形体の流動性や保形性および強度アップの助剤として必須成分であったが、石綿繊維は人体に有毒であることから、石綿繊維を含有しなくても上記の優れた性能を有し、オートクレーブ養生可能な水硬性組成物の開発が強く望まれている。石綿の代わりにパルプ、ガラス繊維、ビニロン繊維やポリプロピレン繊維などが補強材として添加され、かなりの強度向上につながっているが、高い養生温度に耐えることができなかったり、機械物性や耐久性が不足する場合が多い。その他、補強繊維の他にもセメントマトリックスの強度を向上させ成形物の性能を高める試み(たとえば特公昭59−30664号、特開昭64−56346号)が種々なされているが、実際にはシリカヒュームのような超微粉のシリカを必要とし、量およびコストの面で不利となる面が多いのが現状である。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、高い強度を有する無機質成形物の原料として好適な水硬性組成物を提供するものである。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は上記の問題点を解決すべく鋭意検討した結果、石灰質粉末およびシリカ質粉末からなる組成物100重量部に対して、エチレン単位の含有量1〜24モル%のポリビニルアルコール系重合体を0.05〜15重量部含有する水硬性組成物を見出し、本発明を完成させるに至ったものである。
【0005】
本発明における石灰質粉末としては、通常のポルトランドセメント、生石灰、消石灰などの一種以上が用いられる。シリカ質粉末としては、セメント分野においてポゾランと称されている石灰と水の存在下で徐々に水硬性を発揮するもので、珪石粉、フライアッシュ、高炉スラグ粉末、シリカヒューム、珪藻土等のシリカ分の含有率の高い無機粉体などの1種以上が用いられる。補強繊維としては、ガラス繊維、炭素繊維、パルプ繊維、ビニロン、ポリプロ等の合成繊維などの一種以上が用いられる。本発明において、さらに骨材、細骨材を併用するのが好ましく、その一例としては、砂や砕石の他にパーライトなどの中空骨材が挙げられる。
【0006】
石灰質、シリカ質粉末、補強繊維および骨材の配合割合については特に制限はないが、石灰質100重量部に対してシリカ質粉末30〜200重量部、補強繊維2〜30重量部および骨材4〜70重量部が好ましい。
【0007】
本発明におけるポリビニルアルコール系重合体(以下PVAと略する)の重合度は、100〜4000が好ましく、300〜3000がより好ましい。本発明におけるPVAの鹸化度は、60〜100モル%が好ましく、70〜100モル%がより好ましい。本発明におけるエチレン単位の含有量は、1〜24モル%であり、1〜15モル%が好ましく、2〜12モル%がより好ましい。本発明におけるPVAは、ビニルエステルとエチレンとの共重合体を鹸化することによって得られる。ビニルエステルとしては、蟻酸ビニル,酢酸ビニル,プロピオン酸ビニル,ピバリン酸ビニル,バーサティック酸ビニルなどが挙げられるが、中でも酢酸ビニルが好ましい。
【0008】
本発明のPVAは、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、エチレン以外のエチレン性不飽和単量体を共重合したものでもよい。このようなエチレン性不飽和単量体としては、例えば、アクリル酸,メタクリル酸、(無水)フタル酸,(無水)マレイン酸,(無水)イタコン酸,アクリロニトリル,アクリルアミド,メタクリルアミド,トリメチル−(3−アクリルアミド−3−ジメチルプロピル)−アンモニウムクロリド,アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸およびそのナトリウム塩,エチルビニルエーテル,ブチルビニルエーテル,N−ビニルピロリドン,塩化ビニル,臭化ビニル,フッ化ビニル,塩化ビニリデン,フッ化ビニリデン,テトラフルオロエチレン,ビニルスルホン酸ナトリウム,アリルスルホン酸ナトリウム等が挙げられる。
また、チオール酢酸,メルカプトプロピオン酸などのチオール化合物の存在下で、酢酸ビニルなどのビニルエステル系単量体をエチレンと共重合し、それを鹸化することによって得られる末端変性PVAも用いることができる。
【0009】
本発明におけるPVAの添加量は、石灰質粉末およびシリカ質粉末からなる組成物(好ましくは補強繊維を含有する組成物)100重量部に対して、0.05〜15重量部である。0.05重量部より少ないと添加の効果が得られず、15重量部より多くしても期待した効果が出ないばかりでなく、やや硬化不良を起こすので好ましくない。添加量の下限の好適な範囲は0.2重量部以上、0.8重量部以上がより好ましく、上限の好適な範囲は10重量部以下、8重量部以下がより好ましい。
【0010】
石灰質粉末およびシリカ質粉末からなる組成物(好ましくは補強繊維を含有する組成物)にPVAを添加する方法としては、PVA粉体またはPVA水溶液を該組成物中に添加した後、加水してもよく、または添加水の全量または一部にPVAを溶解したものを該組成物に添加しても良い。しかし、抄造法などのように大量の水を使用する場合には、最終配合物中にPVAが存在するように濃度調節を行う必要がある。またPVA粉末またはPVA水溶液を養生前の成形物に散布したり、養生前の成形物をPVA水溶液に含浸しても良い。
【0011】
本発明における成形物は40℃以上の水蒸気下で養生されることが必要である。養生条件は、40〜100℃のスチーム養生が好ましく、60〜100℃のスチーム養生がより好ましく、100〜200℃の加圧スチーム養生(オートクレーブ養生)が成形物の強度等の観点から特に好ましい。オートクレーブ養生の時間としては3〜24時間が好ましい。尚、オートクレーブ養生に先だって、5〜80℃で12〜30時間の一次養生を行うことが好ましく、一次養生は常圧の飽和蒸気圧下でのスチーム養生がより好ましい。
【0012】
本発明には上記添加物以外の添加物を本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で併用しても差し支えない。その一例としては、メチルセルロースなどの流動性改良剤、デンプン系化合物、多価アルコール、硼酸、硼砂、硼酸カルシウム、硼酸エステルなどの硼酸系化合物、ステアリン酸カルシウムなどの撥水剤、泡連行剤などが挙げられる。
【0013】
【実施例】
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明をさらに詳しく説明するが、本発明はこれによって限定されるものではない。なお実施例中において特に断りのないかぎり、「%」および「部」は重量基準を表す。
【0014】
【評価方法】
嵩比重:JIS A5413に準拠し、試験片を100℃で24時間乾燥後の重量と体積より求めた。
曲げ強度:JIS A1408「建築ボード類の曲げ試験法」に準拠し、スパン長5cmで測定した。
釘打ち性:3cm角の試料10個のそれぞれの中央部に釘を打ち、破断しなかった個数で表す。
【0015】
実施例1
ポルトランドセメント48部、珪石粉32部およびパーライト15部からなる配合物95部に対して、エチレン単位の含有量5モル%,鹸化度98.5モル%,重合度1500のPVA粉末5部を添加して混合した粉体を、叩解パルプ5部を予め水300部に離解した分散液に投入撹拌してスラリーを抄造後プレス成形して、80℃で24時間の1次養生した後、160℃で10時間のオートクレーブ養生をすることにより、無機質成形物を製造した。無機質成形物の製造条件および物性を表1に示す。釘打ち性は9個(破断しなかったもの)であった。
【0016】
実施例2
エチレン単位の含有量10モル%,鹸化度98.5モル%,重合度800のPVAを使用すること以外は、実施例1と同様にして成形物を得た。無機質成形物の製造条件および物性を表1に示す。釘打ち性は8個(破断しなかったもの)であった。
【0017】
実施例3
養生条件が80℃で48時間であること以外は、実施例1と同様にして無機質成形物を得た。無機質成形物の製造条件および物性を表1に示す。釘打ち性は7個(破断しなかったもの)であった。
【0018】
比較例1
PVAを使用しないこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして無機質成形物を製造した。無機質成形物の製造条件および物性を表1に示す。釘打ち性は3個(破断しなかったもの)であった。
【0019】
比較例2
PVAとしてクラレ製のPVA−117(重合度1750,鹸化度98.5モル%)を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして無機質成形物を製造した。無機質成形物の製造条件および物性を表1に示す。釘打ち性は4個(破断しなかったもの)であった。
【0020】
比較例3
PVAを使用しないことならびに養生条件が80℃で48時間であること以外は、実施例1と同様にして無機質成形物を製造した。無機質成形物の製造条件および物性を表1に示す。釘打ち性は3個(破断しなかったもの)であった。
【0021】
【表1】
【0022】
【発明の効果】
本発明の水硬性組成物を使用すると、機械的強度に優れる無機質成形物が得られる。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a hydraulic composition suitable as a raw material for inorganic molded products such as building materials and civil engineering materials.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, calcium silicate boards and cement-based inorganic boards have been widely used as building materials and civil engineering materials with excellent fire resistance, heat insulation and strength. In recent years, steam curing at high temperature and high pressure, that is, autoclave curing, has been widely used as a method for producing cement moldings having high strength and excellent durability in a short time as well as normal temperature curing and normal pressure curing. . As a large application of these inorganic moldings, there are lightweight boards centering on building wall materials by a multi-layer veneer by a papermaking method and an extrusion molding method. These are light in specific gravity, and are required to have strong and tough performances, as well as severe performances such as nailing and frost resistance. As these measures, asbestos was an essential component as an aid for improving the fluidity, shape retention and strength of cement moldings, but asbestos fibers are toxic to the human body. Development of a hydraulic composition having excellent performance and capable of curing an autoclave is strongly desired. Pulp, glass fiber, vinylon fiber, polypropylene fiber, etc. are added as a reinforcing material instead of asbestos, which has led to a considerable improvement in strength, but it cannot withstand high curing temperatures, and mechanical properties and durability are insufficient. There are many cases to do. In addition to the reinforcing fibers, various attempts have been made to improve the strength of the molded product by improving the strength of the cement matrix (for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-30664, Japanese Patent Publication No. 64-56346). At present, ultrafine silica such as fume is required, which is disadvantageous in terms of quantity and cost.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention provides a hydraulic composition suitable as a raw material for an inorganic molded product having high strength.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have found that a polyvinyl alcohol-based polymer having an ethylene unit content of 1 to 24 mol% with respect to 100 parts by weight of a composition comprising calcareous powder and siliceous powder. The present inventors have found a hydraulic composition containing 0.05 to 15 parts by weight of the coalescence and have completed the present invention.
[0005]
As the calcareous powder in the present invention, one or more of normal Portland cement, quicklime, slaked lime, and the like are used. The siliceous powder gradually exhibits hydraulic properties in the presence of lime and water, which is called pozzolana in the cement field. Silica powder such as quartzite powder, fly ash, blast furnace slag powder, silica fume, diatomaceous earth, etc. One or more inorganic powders having a high content are used. As the reinforcing fiber, one or more of synthetic fibers such as glass fiber, carbon fiber, pulp fiber, vinylon, and polypro are used. In the present invention, it is preferable to further use aggregates and fine aggregates, and examples thereof include hollow aggregates such as pearlite in addition to sand and crushed stone.
[0006]
Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular about the compounding ratio of calcareous, siliceous powder, a reinforcing fiber, and an aggregate, Silica powder 30-200 weight part with respect to 100 weight part of calcareous material, 2-30 weight part of reinforcing fiber, and aggregate 4- 70 parts by weight is preferred.
[0007]
100-4000 are preferable and, as for the polymerization degree of the polyvinyl alcohol-type polymer (it abbreviates as PVA below) in this invention, 300-3000 are more preferable. 60-100 mol% is preferable and, as for the saponification degree of PVA in this invention, 70-100 mol% is more preferable. Content of the ethylene unit in this invention is 1-24 mol%, 1-15 mol% is preferable and 2-12 mol% is more preferable. The PVA in the present invention can be obtained by saponifying a copolymer of vinyl ester and ethylene. Examples of the vinyl ester include vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl pivalate, vinyl versatate, etc. Among them, vinyl acetate is preferable.
[0008]
The PVA of the present invention may be one obtained by copolymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer other than ethylene as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Examples of such ethylenically unsaturated monomers include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, (anhydrous) phthalic acid, (anhydrous) maleic acid, (anhydrous) itaconic acid, acrylonitrile, acrylamide, methacrylamide, trimethyl- (3 -Acrylamido-3-dimethylpropyl) -ammonium chloride, acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and its sodium salt, ethyl vinyl ether, butyl vinyl ether, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl chloride, vinyl bromide, vinyl fluoride, vinylidene chloride, Examples include vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, sodium vinyl sulfonate, and sodium allyl sulfonate.
Further, a terminal-modified PVA obtained by copolymerizing a vinyl ester monomer such as vinyl acetate with ethylene in the presence of a thiol compound such as thiol acetic acid or mercaptopropionic acid and saponifying it can also be used. .
[0009]
The addition amount of PVA in this invention is 0.05-15 weight part with respect to 100 weight part of the composition (preferably composition containing a reinforcing fiber) which consists of calcareous powder and siliceous powder. If the amount is less than 0.05 parts by weight, the effect of addition cannot be obtained. If the amount is more than 15 parts by weight, not only the expected effect is not obtained, but also a poor curing is caused. The lower limit of the addition amount is preferably 0.2 parts by weight or more and 0.8 parts by weight or more, and the upper limit is preferably 10 parts by weight or less and more preferably 8 parts by weight or less.
[0010]
As a method of adding PVA to a composition composed of calcareous powder and siliceous powder (preferably a composition containing reinforcing fibers), PVA powder or PVA aqueous solution may be added to the composition and then added with water. Alternatively, a solution in which PVA is dissolved in all or part of the added water may be added to the composition. However, when a large amount of water is used as in the papermaking method, it is necessary to adjust the concentration so that PVA is present in the final blend. Alternatively, PVA powder or a PVA aqueous solution may be sprayed on the molded product before curing, or the molded product before curing may be impregnated in the PVA aqueous solution.
[0011]
The molded product in the present invention needs to be cured under steam at 40 ° C. or higher. The curing condition is preferably a steam curing at 40 to 100 ° C., more preferably a steam curing at 60 to 100 ° C., and a pressurized steam curing (autoclave curing) at 100 to 200 ° C. is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of the strength of the molded product. The autoclave curing time is preferably 3 to 24 hours. Prior to autoclave curing, primary curing is preferably performed at 5 to 80 ° C. for 12 to 30 hours, and the primary curing is more preferably steam curing under normal pressure saturated vapor pressure.
[0012]
In the present invention, additives other than the above-described additives may be used in combination as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Examples include fluidity improvers such as methyl cellulose, starch compounds, polyhydric alcohols, boric acid compounds such as boric acid, borax, calcium borate, boric acid esters, water repellents such as calcium stearate, and foam entrainers. It is done.
[0013]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In the examples, “%” and “parts” are based on weight unless otherwise specified.
[0014]
【Evaluation methods】
Bulk specific gravity: Based on JIS A5413, the test piece was obtained from the weight and volume after drying at 100 ° C. for 24 hours.
Bending strength: Measured with a span length of 5 cm in accordance with JIS A1408 “Bending test method for building boards”.
Nailability: A nail is struck at the center of each of 10 3 cm square samples, and is represented by the number of ruptures.
[0015]
Example 1
5 parts of PVA powder with an ethylene unit content of 5 mol%, a saponification degree of 98.5 mol%, and a polymerization degree of 1500 parts is added to 95 parts of a blend consisting of 48 parts of Portland cement, 32 parts of silica powder and 15 parts of pearlite. The mixed powder was put into a dispersion in which 5 parts of beating pulp had been disaggregated in advance to 300 parts of water, and the slurry was made, press-molded and then subjected to primary curing at 80 ° C. for 24 hours, and then 160 ° C. Inorganic molding was manufactured by carrying out autoclave curing for 10 hours. Table 1 shows the production conditions and physical properties of the inorganic molded product. Nailability was 9 pieces (not broken).
[0016]
Example 2
A molded product was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that PVA having an ethylene unit content of 10 mol%, a saponification degree of 98.5 mol%, and a polymerization degree of 800 was used. Table 1 shows the production conditions and physical properties of the inorganic molded product. The nailability was 8 (not broken).
[0017]
Example 3
An inorganic molded product was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the curing condition was 48 ° C. for 48 hours. Table 1 shows the production conditions and physical properties of the inorganic molded product. The nailability was 7 pieces (not broken).
[0018]
Comparative Example 1
An inorganic molded product was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that PVA was not used. Table 1 shows the production conditions and physical properties of the inorganic molded product. The nailability was 3 pieces (not broken).
[0019]
Comparative Example 2
An inorganic molded product was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Kuraray PVA-117 (polymerization degree 1750, saponification degree 98.5 mol%) was used as PVA. Table 1 shows the production conditions and physical properties of the inorganic molded product. The nailability was 4 pieces (not broken).
[0020]
Comparative Example 3
An inorganic molded product was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that PVA was not used and the curing condition was 80 ° C. for 48 hours. Table 1 shows the production conditions and physical properties of the inorganic molded product. The nailability was 3 pieces (not broken).
[0021]
[Table 1]
[0022]
【The invention's effect】
When the hydraulic composition of the present invention is used, an inorganic molded product having excellent mechanical strength can be obtained.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12801395A JP3618399B2 (en) | 1995-05-26 | 1995-05-26 | Hydraulic composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12801395A JP3618399B2 (en) | 1995-05-26 | 1995-05-26 | Hydraulic composition |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH08325051A JPH08325051A (en) | 1996-12-10 |
| JP3618399B2 true JP3618399B2 (en) | 2005-02-09 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12801395A Expired - Fee Related JP3618399B2 (en) | 1995-05-26 | 1995-05-26 | Hydraulic composition |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3618399B2 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4648668B2 (en) * | 2004-08-31 | 2011-03-09 | ニチハ株式会社 | Inorganic board and method for producing the same |
-
1995
- 1995-05-26 JP JP12801395A patent/JP3618399B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH08325051A (en) | 1996-12-10 |
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