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JP3621824B2 - Electrolytic cell and method for purifying tritium water using the same - Google Patents
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JP3621824B2 - Electrolytic cell and method for purifying tritium water using the same - Google Patents

Electrolytic cell and method for purifying tritium water using the same Download PDF

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JP3621824B2
JP3621824B2 JP10127298A JP10127298A JP3621824B2 JP 3621824 B2 JP3621824 B2 JP 3621824B2 JP 10127298 A JP10127298 A JP 10127298A JP 10127298 A JP10127298 A JP 10127298A JP 3621824 B2 JP3621824 B2 JP 3621824B2
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Prior art keywords
water vapor
electrolytic cell
carbon dioxide
methane
elements
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JP10127298A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH11292505A (en
Inventor
文稔 坂田
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、核融合炉のトリチウム水精製に用いる電解セル及びそれを用いたトリチウム水精製方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より、核融合炉のトリチウム水精製システムの一例を図3に示す。図3中、符号01はプラズマ排ガス、02は酸化反応器、03は低温トラップ、04は再生器、05は電解セル、06は同位体分離プロセスを各々図示する。
図3に示すように、プラズマ排ガス01中に含まれるメタン(CH)の炭素を除去するために、酸化反応器02により、メタンを二酸化炭素と水素同位体を含む水とに分解している。この分解後、低温トラップ03により二酸化炭素を除去していた。
そして、該低温トラップ03にて捕獲された水素同位体を含む水は、再生器04を経由した後、電解セル05にて酸素を除去し、水素同位体07のみを同位体分離プロセス06に送っていた。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、従来のシステムでは、水素同位体を一度酸化反応器02にて酸化した後、電解セル05にて還元するため、酸化反応器02及び再生器04が必要となり、核融合炉のトリチウム精製システムが大規模かつ複雑になる、という問題がある。
【0004】
本発明は、上記問題に鑑み、従来のような酸化反応器及び再生器等を省略でき、核融合炉のトリチウム精製システムを簡略化することができる電解セルおよびそれを用いたトリチウム水精製方法を提供することを課題とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記課題を解決する本発明の[請求項1]の発明は、電気的に直列に接続した2素子からなり、前記2素子のうち上流側の素子にて酸素とメタンを反応させて水蒸気と二酸化炭素を生成させ前記2素子のうち下流側の素子にて前記水蒸気を電解してなるように構成したことを特徴とする。
【0006】
本発明の電解セルを用いた核融合炉のトリチウム水精製方法は、酸素とプラズマ排ガス中に含まれるメタンとを第1の電解セルで反応させて、水蒸気と二酸化炭素とを生成する工程と、その下流に設けてなる第2の電解セルで前記水蒸気を電解する工程と、該水蒸気電解した後に二酸化炭素を除去する低温トラップ工程と、水素同位体のみを同位体分離プロセス送る工程とからなることを特徴とする。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の電解セルの実施形態を説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
【0008】
図1は本実施の形態にかかる電解セルの断面図である。
図1に示すように、電解セル11は、電気的に直列に接続した2つの第1の素子12−1と第2の素子12−2からなり、電解するガス流れの上流側に位置する第1の素子12−1にてメタンを電解させ、その下流側に位置する第2の素子12−2にて水蒸気を電解してなるように構成したものである。
上記第1の素子12−1,12−2は、電解質13の内外面にカソード14とアノード15とが配置されている。
【0009】
また、第1の素子12−1と第2の素子12−2は軸方向に電子及び酸素イオン導電性の低い絶縁材料16で接合されている。そして、内面の電極を電子導電性を有するリード線17で電気的に接続しており、また外面の電極に電源18により電圧を負荷するようにしている。
【0010】
上記構成において、電解するガス19を上流側から流入させることにより、上流側の第1の素子12−1で、下記式(1)により、メタンを分解する。
【0011】
【化1】
2O+CH→2HO+CO ・・・(1)
【0012】
上記メタン分解後の電解するガスを下流側の第2の素子12−2で、下記式(2)により、水蒸気を分解する。
【0013】
【化2】
3HO+O→2O+3H ・・・(2)
【0014】
上記電解するガス19の上流側の第1の素子12−1において発生する酸素は、下流側の第2の素子12−2のアノードにおける反応にて必要な酸素の量の半分であるため、不足する分の酸素(O)は別途外部より供給するようにしている。
【0015】
上流側の第1の素子12−1と下流側の第2の素子12−2とでは、電解する物質が異なるため、それらの電極の組成や寸法、長さ等は物質に応じて異なっている。
【0016】
本発明による電解セルを用いた核融合炉のトリチウム水精製システムを図2に示す。
図2に示すように、プラズマ排ガス21中に含まれるメタン(CH4から炭素を除去するために、第1の電解セルである第1の素子12−1を設けてメタンを分解し、その下流に設けた第2の電解セルである第2の素子12−2により水蒸気を電解した後、低温トラップ22により二酸化炭素を除去し、水素同位体23のみを同位体分離プロセス24に送るようにしている。なお、不足する分の酸素(O2 )を別途外部より導入している。
【0017】
上記反応により、メタンを水素同位体と二酸化炭素とに変換できるため、図2のシステムに示すように、従来のシステムでは必須であった酸化反応器及び再生器が不要となり、燃料精製システムを大幅に簡素化することができる。
【0018】
以上のように、本発明では、電気的に直接に接続した2素子からなる電解セルであって、電解するガス流れの上流側に位置する素子にてメタンを電解させ、その下流側に位置する素子にて水蒸気を電解してなるように構成したので、メタンを水素同位体と二酸化炭素とに変換できるため、図2のシステムに示すように、従来の酸化反応器及び再生器が不要となり、燃料精製システムを大幅に簡素化することができる。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明の[請求項1]によれば、電気的に直列に接続した2素子からなり、前記2素子のうち上流側の素子にて酸素とメタンを反応させて水蒸気と二酸化炭素を生成させ前記2素子のうち下流側の素子にて前記水蒸気を電解してなるように構成したので、メタンを水素同位体と二酸化炭素とに変換できる。
【0020】
また、本発明の[請求項2]によれば、酸素とプラズマ排ガス中に含まれるメタンとを第1の電解セルで反応させて、水蒸気と二酸化炭素とを生成する工程と、その下流に設けてなる第2の電解セルで前記水蒸気を電解する工程と、該水蒸気電解した後に二酸化炭素を除去する低温トラップ工程と、水素同位体のみを同位体分離プロセス送る工程とからなるようにしたので、従来の酸化反応器及び再生器が不要となり、燃料精製システムを大幅に簡素化することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の電解セルの概略図である。
【図2】本実施の電解セルを用いた燃料精製システムの概略図である。
【図3】従来技術にかかる電解セルを用いた燃料精製システムの概略図である。
【符号の説明】
11 電解セル
12−1 第1の素子
12−2 第2の素子
13 電解質
14 カソード
15 アノード
16 絶縁材料
17 リード線
18 電源
19 電解するガス
21 プラズマ排ガス
22 低温トラップ
23 水素同位体
24 同位体分離プロセス
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an electrolysis cell used for purification of tritium water in a fusion reactor and a method for purifying tritium water using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, an example of a tritium water purification system for a fusion reactor is shown in FIG. In FIG. 3, reference numeral 01 is a plasma exhaust gas, 02 is an oxidation reactor, 03 is a cold trap, 04 is a regenerator, 05 is an electrolysis cell, and 06 is an isotope separation process.
As shown in FIG. 3, in order to remove carbon of methane (CH 4 ) contained in the plasma exhaust gas 01, the oxidation reactor 02 decomposes methane into carbon dioxide and water containing hydrogen isotopes. . After this decomposition, carbon dioxide was removed by the low temperature trap 03.
Then, the water containing the hydrogen isotope captured by the low temperature trap 03 passes through the regenerator 04, removes oxygen in the electrolytic cell 05, and sends only the hydrogen isotope 07 to the isotope separation process 06. It was.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in conventional systems, after oxidizing at once oxidation reactor 02 the hydrogen isotope, for the reduction in electrolytic cell 05, it is required oxidation reactor 02 and regenerator 04, tritiated water purification of fusion reactor There is a problem that the system becomes large and complex.
[0004]
In view of the above problems, the present invention eliminates conventional oxidation reactors, regenerators, etc., and can simplify a tritium water purification system for a fusion reactor, and a tritium water purification method using the same. It is an issue to provide.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Invention [Claim 1] of the present invention, the electrically Ri Do two elements connected in series, water vapor and oxygen and methane are reacted in the upstream side of the element among the two elements to solve the problem carbon dioxide to generate, and wherein the downstream side of the element by being configured so as to electrolyze the water vapor of the two elements.
[0006]
Tritiated water purification process of the fusion reactor using the electrolytic cell of the present invention, the methane contained in the oxygen plasma gas are reacted in a first electrolytic cell, and generating water vapor and carbon dioxide, from the step of electrolysis of the water vapor in the second electrolytic cell comprising downstream thereof, and a cold trap removing carbon dioxide after electrolysis the water vapor, and the step of sending only hydrogen isotopes to isotope separation process It is characterized by becoming.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, although the embodiment of the electrolysis cell of the present invention is described, the present invention is not limited to this.
[0008]
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an electrolysis cell according to the present embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 1, the electrolysis cell 11 is composed of two first elements 12-1 and second elements 12-2 electrically connected in series, and is located on the upstream side of the gas flow to be electrolyzed. The first element 12-1 is electrolyzed with methane, and the second element 12-2 located on the downstream side is electrolyzed with water vapor.
In the first elements 12-1 and 12-2, a cathode 14 and an anode 15 are disposed on the inner and outer surfaces of the electrolyte 13.
[0009]
Further, the first element 12-1 and the second element 12-2 are joined in the axial direction with an insulating material 16 having low electron and oxygen ion conductivity. The electrodes on the inner surface are electrically connected by lead wires 17 having electronic conductivity, and a voltage is applied to the electrodes on the outer surface by a power source 18.
[0010]
In the above configuration, the gas 19 to be electrolyzed is introduced from the upstream side, whereby the upstream first element 12-1 decomposes methane by the following equation (1).
[0011]
[Chemical 1]
2O 2 + CH 4 → 2H 2 O + CO 2 (1)
[0012]
The gas to be electrolyzed after the methane decomposition is decomposed by the second element 12-2 on the downstream side according to the following formula (2).
[0013]
[Chemical formula 2]
3H 2 O + O → 2O 2 + 3H 2 (2)
[0014]
Oxygen generated in the first element 12-1 upstream of the gas 19 to be electrolyzed is half of the amount of oxygen required for the reaction in the anode of the second element 12-2 on the downstream side, so that it is insufficient. Oxygen (O 2 ) is supplied separately from the outside.
[0015]
The first element 12-1 on the upstream side and the second element 12-2 on the downstream side have different materials to be electrolyzed, and therefore the composition, dimensions, length, and the like of these electrodes differ depending on the material. .
[0016]
FIG. 2 shows a tritium water purification system for a fusion reactor using an electrolytic cell according to the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 2, in order to remove carbon from methane (CH 4 ) contained in the plasma exhaust gas 21, a first element 12-1 that is a first electrolysis cell is provided to decompose methane, After electrolysis of water vapor by the second element 12-2 which is the second electrolysis cell provided downstream, carbon dioxide is removed by the low temperature trap 22 and only the hydrogen isotope 23 is sent to the isotope separation process 24. ing. Note that oxygen (O 2 ) for the shortage is separately introduced from the outside.
[0017]
By the above reaction, methane can be converted into hydrogen isotopes and carbon dioxide, eliminating the need for oxidation reactors and regenerators, which were essential in conventional systems, as shown in the system of FIG. Can be simplified.
[0018]
As described above, in the present invention, the electrolysis cell is composed of two elements that are electrically connected directly, and methane is electrolyzed by an element located on the upstream side of the gas flow to be electrolyzed, and located on the downstream side thereof. Since the device is configured to electrolyze water vapor, methane can be converted into hydrogen isotopes and carbon dioxide, so that the conventional oxidation reactor and regenerator are not required, as shown in the system of FIG. The fuel purification system can be greatly simplified.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the claim 1 of the present invention, by electrically Ri Do two elements connected in series, the oxygen and methane are reacted in the upstream side of the element among the two elements steam carbon dioxide to produce a, since it is configured on the downstream side of the element of the two elements so as to electrolyze the water vapor can be converted methane into hydrogen isotope and carbon dioxide.
[0020]
Further, according to the claim 2 of the present invention, the methane contained in the oxygen plasma gas are reacted in a first electrolytic cell, and generating water vapor and carbon dioxide, downstream thereof The second electrolysis cell comprises a step of electrolyzing the water vapor , a low temperature trap step of removing carbon dioxide after electrolyzing the water vapor , and a step of sending only the hydrogen isotope to the isotope separation process. Therefore, the conventional oxidation reactor and regenerator are not required, and the fuel purification system can be greatly simplified.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an electrolysis cell of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a fuel purification system using the electrolysis cell of the present embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a fuel refining system using an electrolysis cell according to the prior art.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Electrolysis cell 12-1 1st element 12-2 2nd element 13 Electrolyte 14 Cathode 15 Anode 16 Insulating material 17 Lead wire 18 Power supply 19 Gas to electrolyze 21 Plasma exhaust gas 22 Low temperature trap 23 Hydrogen isotope 24 Isotope separation process

Claims (2)

電気的に直列に接続した2素子からなり、
前記2素子のうち上流側の素子にて酸素とメタンを反応させて水蒸気と二酸化炭素を生成させ前記2素子のうち下流側の素子にて前記水蒸気を電解してなるように構成したことを特徴とする電解セル。
Ri Do two elements are electrically connected in series,
The oxygen and methane are reacted to produce water vapor and carbon dioxide on the upstream side of the element of the two elements, the at downstream side of the element among the two elements by being configured such that by electrolyzing the water vapor A characteristic electrolytic cell.
酸素とプラズマ排ガス中に含まれるメタンとを第1の電解セルで反応させて、水蒸気と二酸化炭素とを生成する工程と、その下流に設けてなる第2の電解セルで前記水蒸気を電解する工程と、該水蒸気電解した後に二酸化炭素を除去する低温トラップ工程と、水素同位体のみを同位体分離プロセス送る工程とからなることを特徴とするトリチウム水精製方法 The methane contained in the oxygen plasma in the exhaust gas are reacted in a first electrolytic cell, and generating water vapor and carbon dioxide, the step of electrolysis of the water vapor in the second electrolytic cell comprising downstream thereof If, cold trap process and, tritiated water purification method characterized by comprising a step of sending only hydrogen isotopes to isotope separation process for removing carbon dioxide after electrolysis the water vapor.
JP10127298A 1998-04-13 1998-04-13 Electrolytic cell and method for purifying tritium water using the same Expired - Fee Related JP3621824B2 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7661254B2 (en) 2001-12-07 2010-02-16 Kubota Corporation Lawn mower having selectively drivable wheels

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7661254B2 (en) 2001-12-07 2010-02-16 Kubota Corporation Lawn mower having selectively drivable wheels

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