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JP3622579B2 - Mooring device for floating structure - Google Patents
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JP3622579B2 - Mooring device for floating structure - Google Patents

Mooring device for floating structure Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3622579B2
JP3622579B2 JP16664899A JP16664899A JP3622579B2 JP 3622579 B2 JP3622579 B2 JP 3622579B2 JP 16664899 A JP16664899 A JP 16664899A JP 16664899 A JP16664899 A JP 16664899A JP 3622579 B2 JP3622579 B2 JP 3622579B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
floating body
mooring device
spring
ground
spring member
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Expired - Fee Related
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JP16664899A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2000352064A (en
Inventor
巧 大山
剛 野津
一喜 日比
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Shimizu Corp
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Shimizu Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、構造物(例えば、通常のビル、倉庫等)を浮体の浮力により地上に支持して、構造物に対する地震動の影響を軽減した浮体式免震構造物における係留装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
図13は、浮体式免震構造物の1例を示すもので、構造物1の基盤を浮体2とし、その浮体2と地盤3との間に貯水4を介在させて、浮体2の浮力により構造物1を地上に支持するとともに、貯水4により地盤3から離して構造物1に対する地震動の影響を軽減し、構造物1の設置位置を浮体2と地盤3側とにわたり配設した所要個所ごとのばね部材5による係留装置6により確保している。
【0003】
このような浮体式免震構造物では、地震動の水平短周期成分に対して、理想的な免震性能を有することが確認されている。図14は地震動における実験値と計算値の水平変位の応答倍率の比較図で、両値は良い一致を示し、0.35Hz以上の周波数領域で安全免震を実現している。
【0004】
この性能の実現と構造物1の設置位置の確保のために、通常時はできるだけ弱い(軟らかい)ばね部材5を用いて係留している。しかし、ばね部材5としてばね定数が小さい軟らかなばねを用いると、浮体2の動揺量が長周期領域で大きくなるため、強風時には風外力に対する安定性に課題が生じる。逆にこの風外力による長周期成分に対する安定性を確保するために硬いばねを用いると、地震に対する免震効果が低減するという課題が生ずる。
【0005】
この発明は、上記事情から考えられたものであって、その目的は、浮体の係留装置に採用されるばね部材を張力が可変自在なばねとし、そのばね部材の緊張・弛緩によつて、構造物の地震時(通常時)に対する免震性と、強風時に対する安定性の両方を確保できる浮体式免震構造物の係留装置を提供することにある。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的によるこの発明は、構造物の基盤を浮体とし、その浮体と地盤との間に液体を介在させて、浮体の浮力により構造物を地上に支持するとともに、液体により地盤から離して構造物に対する地震動の影響を軽減し、構造物の設置位置を浮体と地盤側とにわたり配設した所要個所ごとのばね部材による係留装置により確保した浮体式免震構造物において、上記係留装置のばね部材に張力が可変自在な非線形ばねを採用し、そのばね部材を巻取装置に連結してばね定数を任意に変化可能に構成してなる、というものである。
【0007】
このような構成によれば、一つの係留装置を用いるだけで、地震時および強風時のそれぞれの状況に対して有効ばね定数を選んで、構造物の応答を抑えることができ、また任意のバネ定数は巻取により、スピーディーに変更させることが可能となる。
【0008】
またこの発明は、上記ばね部材による係留装置に、液圧等による浮体の固定手段を固い係留装置として併設するか、又は上記ばね部材による係留装置に、ダンパー等による浮体の動揺量の減衰機構を付与して、地震動と風外力の両方にそれぞれ対応させてなる、というものでもある。
【0009】
このような構成では、固い係留装置の作動により浮体が固定され、それにより風外力による構造物の揺れが抑えられて、強風時においても十分な安定性が期待できる。また減衰機構を付加したものにあっては、浮体の動揺量が低減して、地震時及び強風時にも安全性が確保されることになる。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1から図3は、この発明の1実施形態を示すものである。図中11は浮体12による基盤上の構造物で、地盤13と浮体12との間に介在した貯水14による浮体12の浮力により地上に支持されている。また構造物11は貯水14により浮体12と共に地盤13から離されており、さらに浮体12と地盤13側とにわたり配設した所要個所ごとのばね部材15による係留装置16により、構造物11の設置位置を確保している。
【0011】
上記係留装置16は、緊張・弛緩により張力の変化が可能な非線形ばねによる上記ばね部材15と、そのばね部材15の一端をドラム巻回した地盤側の巻取装置17とから構成され、通常時には図1に示すように、巻取装置17を緩めて張力を弱め、ばね定数を下げておいて地震時の応答に備えておき、強風時には図2のように張力を強めてばね定数を上げて長周期成分による応答を抑える。
【0012】
上記巻取装置17の駆動源としては、図では省略したが、電動又は油圧等が採用され、また巻取装置17の作動による軟らかいばねから、硬いばねへの張力変更も、予報により台風や低気圧による風力の予測が可能であることと、ばねの巻取りに要する時間が1時間程度で済むなどのことから、強風が吹く前にそれに対応したばね定数の変更を完了することができる。図3は、非線形ばねによる上記ばね部材15における張力特性とばね定数を示すものである。
【0013】
図4は、上記ばね部材15による係留装置16に、油圧作動のアクチュエータなどによる浮体12の固定手段を、固い係留装置18として併設した他の実施形態を示すもので、その固い係留装置18を強風時にのみ作動して、図5に示すように浮体12を固定し、強風による構造物11の揺れを抑えて、強風時においても十分な安定性を確保できるようにしたものである。
【0014】
図6は、上記ばね部材15に油圧ダンパー等による減衰機構19を付加し、これにより浮体12の動揺量を低減して、地震時及び強風時にも安全性を確保できるようにした実施形態を示すものである。
【0015】
図7は、非線形ばねによる計算モデルを示すものである。入力地震波はエル・セントロを、入力風力は風洞実験による測定値を用いた。このときの地震加速度、空気力係数CFxのフーリエスペクトルを図8に示す。この図からピークとなる振動数(地震時は1.5Hz程度、強風時は軒高風速20m/sのとき0.01Hz以下)が大きくずれることがわかる。
【0016】
上記計算モデルによる解析から、弱い(軟らかいばねによる)係留での地震時の応答変位は図9の状態となり、強い(硬いばねによる)係留での強風時の応答変位は図10の状態となつた。また弱いばねによる係留での地震時の応答加速度は図11に示す状態となり、強いばねによる係留での強風時の応答加速度は、図12に示す状態となった。
このような結果から、弱いばねによる係留では地震時の応答加速度がかなり低減されることが確認され、また強いばねによる係留が強風時に有効であることも確認された。
【0017】
以上のことから、緊張・弛緩による張力の変化により、地震時には弱い係留を、強風時には強い係留を行える非線形ばねによる係留装置によれば、これまでの地震時と強風時の対応についての課題が解決され、浮体式免震構造物における免震性と強風に対する安定性の両方が一段と向上するようになる。
【0018】
なお、上記実施形態では液体として水を例に説明しているが、この発明では他の液体を用いて比重、粘性を適宜選択し、浮力等の調整を行えることは言うまでもない。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】この発明に係わる係留装置を備えた浮体式免震構造物の通常時の係留状態を示す略示立面図である。
【図2】同上の強風時の係留状態を示す略示立面図である。
【図3】非線形ばねの張力特性とばね定数とを示す図である。
【図4】他の実施形態の通常時の係留状態を示す略示立面図である。
【図5】同上の強風時の係留状態を示す略示立面図である。
【図6】更に他の実施形態の強風時の係留状態を示す略示立面図である。
【図7】計算モデルを示す図である。
【図8】水平地震動の加速度および空気力係数のフーリエススペクトル図である。
【図9】弱いばねによる地震時の応答変位図である。
【図10】強いばねによる強風時の応答変位図である。
【図11】弱いばねによる地震時の応答加速度図である。
【図12】強いばねによる強風時の応答加速度図である。
【図13】一般的な浮体式免震構造物の通常時の係留状態を示す略示立面図である。
【図14】同上の地震動における実験値と計算値の水平変位の応答倍率の比較図である。
【符号の説明】
11 構造物
12 浮体
13 地盤
14 貯水
15 ばね部材
16 係留装置
17 巻取装置
18 固い係留装置
19 減衰機構
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a mooring apparatus for a floating seismic isolation structure in which a structure (for example, a normal building, a warehouse, etc.) is supported on the ground by the buoyancy of a floating body to reduce the influence of seismic motion on the structure.
[0002]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
FIG. 13 shows an example of a floating body type seismic isolation structure. The base of the structure 1 is a floating body 2, and a water storage 4 is interposed between the floating body 2 and the ground 3. While supporting the structure 1 on the ground, it is separated from the ground 3 by the water storage 4 to reduce the influence of the earthquake motion on the structure 1, and the required location where the installation position of the structure 1 is arranged over the floating body 2 and the ground 3 side. This is secured by the mooring device 6 using the spring member 5.
[0003]
Such a floating type seismic isolation structure has been confirmed to have ideal seismic isolation performance for horizontal short-period components of ground motion. FIG. 14 is a comparison diagram of the response magnification of the horizontal displacement between the experimental value and the calculated value in the ground motion. Both values are in good agreement, and the safety seismic isolation is realized in the frequency region of 0.35 Hz or higher.
[0004]
In order to realize this performance and to secure the installation position of the structure 1, it is normally moored by using a spring member 5 that is as weak as possible (soft). However, when a soft spring having a small spring constant is used as the spring member 5, the amount of swaying of the floating body 2 increases in the long period region, so that there is a problem in stability against wind force during strong winds. Conversely, if a hard spring is used to ensure the stability against the long-period component due to this wind force, there arises a problem that the seismic isolation effect against the earthquake is reduced.
[0005]
The present invention has been conceived from the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to make the spring member employed in the mooring device of the floating body a spring having a variable tension, and by the tension / relaxation of the spring member. It is an object of the present invention to provide a mooring device for a floating type seismic isolation structure that can ensure both seismic isolation characteristics during earthquakes (normal times) and stability during strong winds.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention according to the above object uses the structure base as a floating body, interposes a liquid between the floating body and the ground, supports the structure on the ground by the buoyancy of the floating body, and separates the structure from the ground by the liquid. In a floating seismic isolation structure that secures the installation position of the structure over the floating body and the ground side by a mooring device with a spring member for each required location, the spring member of the mooring device A non-linear spring with variable tension is adopted, and the spring member is connected to a winding device so that the spring constant can be arbitrarily changed.
[0007]
According to such a configuration, by using only one mooring device, it is possible to select an effective spring constant for each situation during an earthquake and a strong wind, and to suppress the response of the structure. Constants can be changed quickly by winding.
[0008]
Further, according to the present invention, the anchoring device using the spring member is provided with a floating body fixing means by a hydraulic pressure or the like as a rigid anchoring device, or the anchoring device using the spring member is provided with a mechanism for attenuating the amount of fluctuation of the floating body by a damper or the like. It can also be applied to both seismic motion and wind force.
[0009]
In such a configuration, the floating body is fixed by the operation of the hard mooring device, thereby suppressing the shaking of the structure due to the wind external force, and sufficient stability can be expected even in a strong wind. In addition, in the case where a damping mechanism is added, the amount of fluctuation of the floating body is reduced, and safety is ensured even during earthquakes and strong winds.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
1 to 3 show one embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 11 denotes a structure on the base of the floating body 12, which is supported on the ground by the buoyancy of the floating body 12 due to the water storage 14 interposed between the ground 13 and the floating body 12. Further, the structure 11 is separated from the ground 13 together with the floating body 12 by the water storage 14, and further, the installation position of the structure 11 is provided by the mooring device 16 by the spring member 15 for each required portion disposed over the floating body 12 and the ground 13 side. Is secured.
[0011]
The mooring device 16 includes the spring member 15 that is a non-linear spring capable of changing tension by tension and relaxation, and a ground-side winding device 17 in which one end of the spring member 15 is wound around a drum. As shown in FIG. 1, the winding device 17 is loosened to reduce the tension, and the spring constant is lowered to prepare for an earthquake response. In the case of a strong wind, the tension is increased to increase the spring constant as shown in FIG. Suppresses response due to long-period components
[0012]
As a drive source of the winding device 17, although not shown in the drawing, electric or hydraulic pressure is adopted, and a change in tension from a soft spring to a hard spring due to the operation of the winding device 17 is not limited to a typhoon or low by forecast. Since it is possible to predict the wind force based on the atmospheric pressure and the time required for winding the spring is about one hour, the change of the spring constant corresponding to the strong wind can be completed before the strong wind blows. FIG. 3 shows tension characteristics and spring constants of the spring member 15 by a non-linear spring.
[0013]
FIG. 4 shows another embodiment in which the anchoring device 16 by the spring member 15 is provided with a fixing means for the floating body 12 by a hydraulically operated actuator or the like as a hard mooring device 18. The floating body 12 is fixed only as shown in FIG. 5, and the structure 11 is prevented from shaking due to strong winds so that sufficient stability can be ensured even in strong winds.
[0014]
FIG. 6 shows an embodiment in which a damping mechanism 19 such as a hydraulic damper is added to the spring member 15, thereby reducing the amount of swaying of the floating body 12 and ensuring safety even during earthquakes and strong winds. Is.
[0015]
FIG. 7 shows a calculation model using a nonlinear spring. The input seismic wave was El Centro, and the input wind force was measured by wind tunnel experiment. The Fourier spectrum of the earthquake acceleration and aerodynamic coefficient CFx at this time is shown in FIG. From this figure, it can be seen that the peak frequency (about 1.5 Hz during an earthquake and 0.01 Hz or less when the eaves high wind speed is 20 m / s during a strong wind) deviates greatly.
[0016]
From the analysis by the above calculation model, the response displacement at the time of earthquake at the weak mooring (by the soft spring) becomes the state of FIG. 9, and the response displacement at the strong wind by the mooring (by the hard spring) becomes the state of FIG. . Moreover, the response acceleration at the time of the earthquake by the mooring by the weak spring was in the state shown in FIG. 11, and the response acceleration at the time of the strong wind by the mooring by the strong spring was in the state shown in FIG.
From these results, it was confirmed that mooring with weak springs significantly reduced the response acceleration during earthquakes, and mooring with strong springs was also effective in strong winds.
[0017]
Based on the above, the non-linear spring mooring device that can weaken mooring during earthquakes and strong mooring during strong winds due to changes in tension due to tension / relaxation solves the problems associated with previous earthquakes and strong winds. As a result, both the seismic isolation and the stability against strong winds in the floating seismic isolation structure are further improved.
[0018]
In the above embodiment, water has been described as an example of the liquid, but it goes without saying that the specific gravity and viscosity can be appropriately selected using other liquids to adjust buoyancy and the like.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic elevational view showing a normal mooring state of a floating body type seismic isolation structure equipped with a mooring device according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic elevational view showing a mooring state during a strong wind.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a tension characteristic and a spring constant of a nonlinear spring.
FIG. 4 is a schematic elevation view showing a normal mooring state of another embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a schematic elevational view showing a mooring state during a strong wind.
FIG. 6 is a schematic elevation view showing a mooring state in a strong wind according to still another embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a calculation model.
FIG. 8 is a Fourier spectrum diagram of acceleration and aerodynamic coefficient of horizontal ground motion.
FIG. 9 is a response displacement diagram during an earthquake caused by a weak spring.
FIG. 10 is a response displacement diagram during strong wind by a strong spring.
FIG. 11 is a response acceleration diagram during an earthquake caused by a weak spring.
FIG. 12 is a response acceleration diagram at the time of strong wind by a strong spring.
FIG. 13 is a schematic elevational view showing a normal mooring state of a general floating body type seismic isolation structure.
FIG. 14 is a comparison diagram of the response magnification of the horizontal displacement between the experimental value and the calculated value in the above ground motion.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Structure 12 Floating body 13 Ground 14 Water storage 15 Spring member 16 Mooring device 17 Winding device 18 Hard mooring device 19 Damping mechanism

Claims (3)

構造物の基盤を浮体とし、その浮体と地盤との間に液体を介在させて、浮体の浮力により構造物を地上に支持するとともに、液体により地盤から離して構造物に対する地震動の影響を軽減し、構造物の設置位置を浮体と地盤側とにわたり配設した所要個所ごとのばね部材による係留装置により確保した浮体式免震構造物において、
上記係留装置のばね部材に張力が可変自在な非線形ばねを採用し、そのばね部材を巻取装置に連結してばね定数を任意に変化可能に構成してなることを特徴とする浮体式免震構造物における係留装置。
The base of the structure is a floating body, a liquid is interposed between the floating body and the ground, and the structure is supported on the ground by the buoyancy of the floating body, and the influence of seismic motion on the structure is reduced by separating from the ground by the liquid. In the floating type seismic isolation structure secured by the mooring device with the spring member for each required location where the installation position of the structure is arranged over the floating body and the ground side,
Floating type seismic isolation characterized by adopting a non-linear spring with variable tension as the spring member of the mooring device and connecting the spring member to a winding device so that the spring constant can be changed arbitrarily. A mooring device in a structure.
上記ばね部材による係留装置に、液圧等による浮体の固定手段を固い係留装置として併設してなることを特徴とする請求項1記載の浮体式免震構造物における係留装置。2. The mooring device for a floating type seismic isolation structure according to claim 1, wherein the mooring device using the spring member is provided with a fixing means for the floating body by hydraulic pressure or the like as a hard mooring device. 上記ばね部材による係留装置に、ダンパー等による浮体の動揺量の減衰機構を付与してなることを特徴とする請求項1記載の浮体式免震構造物における係留装置。2. The mooring device for a floating seismic isolation structure according to claim 1, wherein the mooring device using the spring member is provided with a damping mechanism for the amount of swinging of the floating body caused by a damper or the like.
JP16664899A 1999-06-14 1999-06-14 Mooring device for floating structure Expired - Fee Related JP3622579B2 (en)

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