JP3624263B2 - High corrosion resistance permanent magnet and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents
High corrosion resistance permanent magnet and method of manufacturing the same Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/026—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets protecting methods against environmental influences, e.g. oxygen, by surface treatment
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、高耐食性を有する希土類永久磁石および、その製造方法に関し、特に焼結磁石表面にアルカリ珪酸塩水溶液、および、水溶性樹脂または樹脂エマルジョンからなる処理液による耐食性皮膜を均一に被覆したR−Fe−B系永久磁石(RはYを含む希土類元素の少なくとも1種、以下同じ)およびその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
希土類永久磁石は優れた磁気特性と経済性のため、電気・電子機器の分野で多用されており、近年益々その高性能化が要求されている。これらの希土類永久磁石のうちR−Fe−B系永久磁石は、希土類コバルト磁石に比べて主要元素であるNdがSmより豊富に存在すること、Coを多量に使用しないことから原材料費が安価であり、磁気特性も希土類コバルト磁石を遥かにしのぐ極めて優れた永久磁石である。そのため、これまで希土類コバルト磁石が使用されてきた小型磁気回路がこれによって代替されるだけでなく、ハードフェライトあるいは電磁石が使用されていた分野にも広く応用されている。
しかし、R−Fe−B系永久磁石は主成分として希土類元素および鉄を含有するため、湿気をおびた空気中で短時間のうちに容易に酸化するという欠点をもち、磁気回路に組み込んだ場合に、これらの酸化により磁気回路の出力が低下したり、機器周辺を汚染するという問題点があった。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
このような、R−Fe−B系永久磁石の耐食性改善のために、樹脂塗装、イオンプレーティング等の気相めっき、ニッケルめっき等の湿式めっき等の各種表面処理法が提案されている。しかしこれらの表面処理法は複雑な工程と長時間の処理を必要とするため、R−Fe−B系永久磁石に対する表面処理コストが高価になってしまい、コストダウンが難しい状況である。
本発明は、かかる課題を解決するためになされたもので、従来の表面処理法より安価にかつ簡便な方法で高耐食性を有するR−Fe−B系永久磁石を提供することを目的としている。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、R−Fe−B系永久磁石に対する耐食性皮膜およびその形成方法について鋭意検討した結果、アルカリ珪酸塩水溶液、および、水溶性樹脂または樹脂エマルジョンからなる処理液に、R−Fe−B系永久磁石を浸漬するか、あるいは該処理液を磁石表面に塗布した後、加熱処理を行い、該磁石表面にガラス状皮膜と樹脂皮膜の混合された複合型耐食性皮膜を形成することにより、長時間にわたって外観の美観性が保持され、従来の表面処理法より安価に処理可能であることを見出し、諸条件を確立して本発明を完成させた。
本発明の要旨は、R−Fe−B系永久磁石を、アルカリ珪酸塩水溶液、および、水溶性樹脂または樹脂エマルジョンからなる処理液に浸漬、あるいは該処理液の塗布後、加熱処理により、該磁石表面に耐食性皮膜が被覆されてなることを特徴とする高耐食性永久磁石、および、R−Fe−B系永久磁石を、アルカリ珪酸塩水溶液、および、水溶性樹脂または樹脂エマルジョンからなる処理液に浸漬、あるいは該処理液の塗布後、加熱処理を行うことにより、該磁石表面に耐食性皮膜を被覆することを特徴とする高耐食性永久磁石の製造方法にある。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明において使用されるアルカリ珪酸塩水溶液は一般式M2 O・nSiO2 〔ただしM=アルカリ金属、n=SiO2 /M2 O(モル比)〕で表され、nは、1.5〜20.0の範囲に調整することが好ましい。
nの調整方法としては、アルカリ珪酸塩水溶液にイオン交換水を添加して濃度の調整を行い、さらに陽イオン交換樹脂を用いて脱アルカリを行い調整してもよいし、濃度調整を行ったアルカリ珪酸塩水溶液にコロイダルシリカを添加して調整してもよい。
【0006】
このnが1.5未満では複合型耐食性皮膜中のアルカリイオン濃度が高くなり、湿気が高い雰囲気では大気中の水分と皮膜中のアルカリイオンが容易に反応を起こすため耐水性の低い皮膜となり、そのため充分な耐水性を有する複合型耐食性皮膜を得ることが出来ない。また、皮膜中のアルカリイオン濃度が高いと、水分と反応したアルカリイオンがさらに大気中の二酸化炭素と反応して皮膜表面に炭酸塩が析出するため、機器周辺への汚染問題が起こり好ましくない。さらに一般的にR−Fe−B系永久磁石を使用する場合、エポキシ樹脂系接着剤、アクリル樹脂系接着剤、シアノアクリレート系接着剤等各種接着剤を用いて接着により磁気回路内に組み込まれるが、nが1.5未満の処理液により被覆された耐食性皮膜を有する磁石に接着した場合、経時変化による接着力の劣化が大きくなり使用に耐えない事態を生ずる。
【0007】
また、nが20.0を超えるとアルカリイオン濃度が低いために、加熱処理時にシラノール基の脱水縮合による皮膜の収縮が過度に起こり、皮膜自体にクラックが生じる。そのため、十分な耐食性を有する耐食性皮膜を得ることができない。さらに、nが大きくなるとアルカリ珪酸塩の溶解性が低下しゲル化等が起こり処理液の安定性が低下する。
【0008】
上記の理由より、処理液に用いるアルカリ珪酸塩水溶液のnは1.5〜20.0の範囲がよく、3.0〜9.0の範囲にすれば本発明の効果がより顕著に現れて好ましい。
【0009】
アルカリ珪酸塩水溶液の濃度は、SiO2 として3〜200g/lとなるように調整することが好ましい。3g/l未満では十分な耐食性が得られず、200g/lを超えるとアルカリ珪酸塩水溶液自体の粘度が高くなり、さらに、水溶性樹脂を加えるため、処理液の粘度が高くなりすぎて加熱処理後ムラができてしまい、外観上好ましくない。
【0010】
アルカリ珪酸塩水溶液としては、水ガラス(Na2 OとSiO2 が主成分)、珪酸カリウム、珪酸リチウムなどが挙げられる。基本的にはどのアルカリ珪酸塩を用いても問題ないが、好ましくは乾燥皮膜の耐水性の最も高い珪酸リチウムを用いるほうがよい。また、これらのアルカリ珪酸塩を混合して用いてもよい。
【0011】
本発明では、耐食性皮膜の耐水性をさらに向上させるために、水溶性樹脂、液状樹脂エマルジョン、あるいは、固形樹脂エマルジョンを、上記範囲に調整されたアルカリ珪酸塩水溶液に添加して処理液とする。これらの樹脂を添加することにより耐水性が大幅に向上するため、耐食性の信頼性が向上する。また、接着剤を用いて磁気回路に組み込んだ場合の接着力の経時変化も小さくなる。これにより、吸湿性が強いアクリル系接着剤やシアノアクリレート系接着剤に対しても従来の表面処理と同様の経時変化を示し、従来同様の信頼性を得ることができる。
【0012】
上記のアルカリ珪酸塩水溶液に添加する樹脂としては、メラミン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、アクリル樹脂等の水溶性樹脂、液状樹脂エマルジョン、あるいは、固形樹脂エマルジョンを用いる。また、これらの樹脂を2種類以上混合して用いてもよい。また、必要に応じて硬化剤を添加することも可能である。
【0013】
樹脂の添加量としては、樹脂量として20〜1,500g/lの範囲内であることが好ましい。20g/l未満であると、樹脂添加の効果が殆ど得られず耐食性皮膜の耐水性が十分でなくなる。また、1,500g/lを超えると処理液の粘度が上昇し、加熱処理後皮膜膜厚にムラができてしまい、外観上好ましくない。
【0014】
本発明の表面処理法において、処理液に浸漬あるいはこれを塗布後の加熱処理は、水分の蒸発、アルカリ珪酸塩のシラノール基の脱水縮合、および水溶性樹脂の縮合反応を十分に行わせるために、50〜450℃の範囲、より好ましくは120〜300℃の範囲で行なわれることが望ましい。50℃未満では水分の蒸発、シノラール基の脱水縮合および水溶性樹脂の縮合反応が十分に行われず、十分な耐食性を得ることができない。また、長時間の加熱処理が必要となるためコスト的にも好ましくない。120℃以上では水分の蒸発、シノラール基の脱水縮合、および、水溶性樹脂の縮合反応がより十分に行われる。また、450℃を超えるとR−Fe−B系永久磁石組織に影響が生じて磁気特性が低下し好ましくない。尚、乾燥温度の上限は添加する水溶性樹脂の耐熱限界以下に設定する必要があり、添加する樹脂によって異なる。
加熱処理時間は5〜120分の範囲であることが好ましい。処理時間が5分未満では磁石体表面の温度が所定の温度に達しず、水分の蒸発、シノラール基の脱水縮合、及び水溶性樹脂の縮合反応が十分に行われない可能性がある。また、120分を超えると実用上問題はないが、生産性が低下し、コスト的に好ましくない。
また、上記の工程を2回以上繰り返すことも可能である。
【0015】
本発明において、R−Fe−B系永久磁石を被覆する耐食性皮膜の膜厚は5nm〜10μmが適当である。5nm未満では磁石表面に凹凸に対して十分な被覆ができず十分な耐食性が得られない。また、10μmを超えると耐食性については実用上は問題はないが、均一な膜厚を得ることが難しくなり外観上好ましくない。さらに、耐食性皮膜を厚くすると外観形状が同一であっても、使用できるR−Fe−B系永久磁石の体積が小さくなるため、磁石使用上も好ましくない。
【0016】
本発明の表面処理方法において、前処理としてはR−Fe−B系永久磁石を処理液に浸漬、あるいは、処理液を塗布する前に超音波洗浄を行うことが望ましい。磁石表面には、物理的に吸着、或いは磁気的に吸引されている微少な加工屑や磁粉が残存しており、これらの異物が本発明により得られる耐食性皮膜の密着力及び耐食性を低下させる原因の一つである。磁石表面に残存するこれらの異物を超音波洗浄によって脱離させることにより、耐食性皮膜の密着力および耐食性を向上させることができる。
【0017】
通常、ニッケルめっき等の湿式めっき法、リン酸亜鉛処理等の化成処理法においては、前処理として油分の除去を行う脱脂工程、耐食性皮膜が被覆しにくい希土類酸化物相等の除去を行う酸洗工程、皮膜の形成を確実に行うための活性化工程等の複雑な前処理が必要であり、これらの前処理を行うことにより、密着力および耐食性の高い皮膜を磁石表面に被覆している。
【0018】
しかし、本発明における耐食性皮膜形成方法は、湿式めっき、化成処理等のような磁石表面に処理液が反応して耐食性皮膜を形成する方法とは異なり、磁石表面に残存した処理液を乾燥させることで直接磁石表面上に耐食性皮膜を形成させるので、希土類酸化物等の上にも容易に皮膜を形成することが可能である。そのため、他の表面処理では不可欠である酸洗工程、活性化工程等の前処理は必ずしも必要ではなく、磁石表面の微細な磁粉や加工屑を除去する超音波洗浄だけであっても、十分な密着力および耐食性を有する耐食性皮膜を形成することができる。従って、本発明の前処理は、超音波洗浄のみの工程が簡素化およびコストの点から好ましいといえる。
【0019】
本発明において、R−Fe−B系永久磁石の希土類元素Rは、組成の5〜40重量%を占めるが、RとしてはYまたはLa、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Sm、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Lu、Ybの内から選択される1種もしくは2種以上が使用されるが、その中でもCe、La、Pr、Nd、Tb、Dyのうち少なくとも1種を含むのが好ましい。Bの含有量は、0.2〜8重量%の範囲とする。Feは50〜90重量%の範囲であるが、Feの一部をCoで置換することにより温度特性を改善することができる。ただし、Coの添加量が0.1重量%未満では十分な効果が得られず、一方15重量%を超えると保磁力が低下するので、その量は0.1〜15重量%が好ましい。また、磁気特性の改善あるいはコスト低減のために、Ni、Nb、Al、Ti、Zr、Cr、V、Mn、Mo、Si、Sn、Cu、Ca、Mg、Pb、Sb、Ga及びZnから選ばれる少なくとも1種を添加することができる。
【0020】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を実施例および比較例を挙げて具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらに何等制限されるものではない。
(実施例1、比較例1〜3)
Ar雰囲気の高周波溶解により重量比で、32Nd−1.2B−59.8Fe−7Coからなる組成のインゴットを作製した。このインゴットをジョウクラッシャーで粗粉砕し、さらに窒素ガスによるジェットミルで微粉砕を行い、平均粒径が3.5μmの微粉末を得た。次にこの微粉末を10kOe磁界が印可された金型内に充填し、1.0t/cm2 の圧力で成形した。次いで真空中1100℃で2時間焼結し、さらに550℃で1時間の時効処理を施して永久磁石とした。得られた永久磁石から径20mm×厚み5mmの寸法の磁石体試験片を切り出し、さらにバレル研磨処理を行った。得られた試験片を前処理として超音波洗浄を行った後、SiO2 として30g/l、モル比n(SiO2 /Na2 O)=5.5に調整された水ガラスに、水溶性メラミン樹脂を400g/lを加えた処理液に浸漬後、熱風型オーブン中で200℃、20分の加熱処理を行った。発錆率の測定は、試験後の状態を写真に撮り、コンピュータによる画像処理にて、錆部のみに現れる赤色を取り出し二値化処理を行い発錆率を求めた。
比較例1〜3として、実施例1の処理液に水溶性メラミン樹脂を添加しなかった処理液で浸漬された試験片(比較例1)、水溶性メラミン樹脂のみの処理液で浸漬された試験片(比較例2)、および未処理の試験片(比較例3)についての耐食性評価結果を表1に示す。
表1からわかるように、アルカリ珪酸塩水溶液に水溶性樹脂を添加すると耐食性が向上していることがわかる。
【0021】
【表1】
【0022】
(実施例2、比較例4、5)
SiO2 として濃度45g/l、モル比n(SiO2 /Li2 O)=4.5に調整された珪酸リチウム水溶液に、エポキシ樹脂の固形樹脂エマルジョンを500g/l、樹脂硬化剤として水分散性ポリアミドアミン60g/lを加えて処理液とした。実施例1と同様にして作製した試験片を前処理として純水中で超音波洗浄を行った後、上記処理液に浸漬し、熱風型オーブン中で180℃、30分の加熱処理を行った。得られた試験片をアクリル系接着剤にて鉄片に接着した。その後、半数を80℃、90%RH、300時間の加湿試験を行い、加湿試験前後の剪断力を島津製作所製オートグラフ AG−2000を用いて測定し(剪断スピード1mm/min )、下式により接着力劣化率を求めた。
接着力劣化率=(加湿試験前の剪断力−加湿試験後の剪断力)/加湿試験前の剪断力
比較例4、5として、珪酸リチウム水溶液のみの処理液で処理された試験片(比較例4)、および電気ニッケルめっきを被覆された試験片(比較例5)の結果を表2に示す。
表2からわかるように、アルカリ珪酸塩水溶液に樹脂を添加した場合、耐水性が向上し、接着力の低下は電気ニッケルめっきと同程度まで抑えることが可能である。
【0023】
【表2】
【0024】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、R−Fe−B系永久磁石表面に、単純な工程でかつ低コストで高耐食性皮膜を被覆することにより、高耐食性焼結永久磁石を提供することができ、産業上その効果は極めて高い。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a rare earth permanent magnet having high corrosion resistance and a method for producing the same, and in particular, a sintered magnet surface is uniformly coated with an alkali silicate aqueous solution and a corrosion resistant coating with a treatment liquid comprising a water-soluble resin or resin emulsion. The present invention relates to a Fe-B permanent magnet (R is at least one rare earth element including Y, the same shall apply hereinafter) and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Rare earth permanent magnets are widely used in the field of electrical and electronic equipment because of their excellent magnetic properties and economy, and in recent years, their performance is increasingly required. Among these rare earth permanent magnets, R-Fe-B permanent magnets have a lower raw material cost because Nd, which is the main element, is abundant than Sm and rarely uses Co in comparison with rare earth cobalt magnets. It is a permanent magnet that has excellent magnetic properties far superior to rare earth cobalt magnets. For this reason, the small magnetic circuit in which rare earth cobalt magnets have been used so far is not only replaced by this, but is also widely applied to fields where hard ferrites or electromagnets have been used.
However, since R-Fe-B permanent magnets contain rare earth elements and iron as main components, they have the disadvantage of being easily oxidized in a short period of time in humid air. In addition, there is a problem that the output of the magnetic circuit is reduced due to these oxidations, or the periphery of the equipment is contaminated.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In order to improve the corrosion resistance of such R—Fe—B permanent magnets, various surface treatment methods such as resin coating, vapor phase plating such as ion plating, and wet plating such as nickel plating have been proposed. However, since these surface treatment methods require complicated steps and a long time treatment, the surface treatment cost for the R—Fe—B permanent magnet becomes expensive, and it is difficult to reduce the cost.
The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and an object thereof is to provide an R—Fe—B permanent magnet having high corrosion resistance at a lower cost and by a simpler method than the conventional surface treatment method.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies on the corrosion-resistant film and its forming method for R-Fe-B permanent magnets, the present inventors have found that a treatment liquid comprising an alkali silicate aqueous solution and a water-soluble resin or resin emulsion contains R-Fe- By immersing the B-based permanent magnet or applying the treatment liquid to the magnet surface, heat treatment is performed to form a composite type corrosion-resistant film in which a glassy film and a resin film are mixed on the magnet surface, The inventors have found that the aesthetics of the appearance can be maintained for a long time and can be processed at a lower cost than the conventional surface treatment method, and various conditions have been established to complete the present invention.
The gist of the present invention is to immerse an R—Fe—B permanent magnet in a treatment solution comprising an alkali silicate aqueous solution and a water-soluble resin or resin emulsion, or apply the treatment solution and then heat-treat the magnet. A highly corrosion-resistant permanent magnet and a R-Fe-B permanent magnet, characterized in that the surface is coated with a corrosion-resistant film, are immersed in a treatment solution comprising an alkali silicate aqueous solution and a water-soluble resin or resin emulsion. Alternatively, the present invention is directed to a method for producing a highly corrosion-resistant permanent magnet, wherein the surface of the magnet is coated with a corrosion-resistant film by performing a heat treatment after the treatment liquid is applied.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The aqueous alkali silicate solution used in the present invention is represented by the general formula M 2 O · nSiO 2 (where M = alkali metal, n = SiO 2 / M 2 O (molar ratio)), and n is 1.5 to It is preferable to adjust to the range of 20.0.
As a method for adjusting n, the concentration may be adjusted by adding ion-exchanged water to an alkali silicate aqueous solution, and the alkali may be further adjusted by dealkalization using a cation exchange resin. You may adjust by adding colloidal silica to silicate aqueous solution.
[0006]
If n is less than 1.5, the concentration of alkali ions in the composite corrosion-resistant film is high, and in an atmosphere with high humidity, moisture in the atmosphere and alkali ions in the film easily react to form a film with low water resistance. Therefore, it is not possible to obtain a composite type corrosion resistant film having sufficient water resistance. In addition, when the alkali ion concentration in the film is high, alkali ions that have reacted with moisture further react with carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to precipitate carbonates on the surface of the film, resulting in a problem of contamination around the equipment. More generally, when an R-Fe-B permanent magnet is used, it is incorporated into a magnetic circuit by bonding using various adhesives such as an epoxy resin adhesive, an acrylic resin adhesive, and a cyanoacrylate adhesive. When bonded to a magnet having a corrosion-resistant coating film coated with a treatment liquid having an n of less than 1.5, the deterioration of the adhesive force due to the change over time increases, resulting in a situation that cannot be used.
[0007]
On the other hand, if n exceeds 20.0, the alkali ion concentration is low, so that the film shrinks excessively due to the dehydration condensation of silanol groups during the heat treatment, and cracks occur in the film itself. Therefore, it is not possible to obtain a corrosion-resistant film having sufficient corrosion resistance. Furthermore, when n increases, the solubility of the alkali silicate decreases, causing gelation and the like, and the stability of the treatment liquid decreases.
[0008]
For the above reasons, n of the alkali silicate aqueous solution used in the treatment liquid is preferably in the range of 1.5 to 20.0, and if it is in the range of 3.0 to 9.0, the effect of the present invention appears more remarkably. preferable.
[0009]
The concentration of the aqueous alkali silicate solution is preferably adjusted to be 3 to 200 g / l as SiO 2 . If it is less than 3 g / l, sufficient corrosion resistance cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 200 g / l, the viscosity of the alkali silicate aqueous solution itself becomes high. Furthermore, since a water-soluble resin is added, the viscosity of the treatment liquid becomes too high and heat treatment is performed. Unevenness is caused afterward, which is not preferable in appearance.
[0010]
Examples of the alkali silicate aqueous solution include water glass (Na 2 O and SiO 2 as main components), potassium silicate, lithium silicate, and the like. Basically, any alkali silicate may be used, but it is preferable to use lithium silicate having the highest water resistance of the dry film. Moreover, you may mix and use these alkali silicates.
[0011]
In the present invention, in order to further improve the water resistance of the corrosion-resistant film, a water-soluble resin, a liquid resin emulsion, or a solid resin emulsion is added to an alkali silicate aqueous solution adjusted to the above range to obtain a treatment liquid. By adding these resins, the water resistance is greatly improved, so that the reliability of the corrosion resistance is improved. In addition, a change with time of the adhesive force when incorporated in a magnetic circuit using an adhesive is also reduced. Thereby, a time-dependent change similar to the conventional surface treatment is exhibited even with respect to an acrylic adhesive or a cyanoacrylate adhesive having strong hygroscopicity, and the same reliability as the conventional one can be obtained.
[0012]
As the resin to be added to the alkali silicate aqueous solution, a water-soluble resin such as a melamine resin, an epoxy resin, or an acrylic resin, a liquid resin emulsion, or a solid resin emulsion is used. Two or more of these resins may be mixed and used. Moreover, it is also possible to add a hardening | curing agent as needed.
[0013]
The amount of resin added is preferably in the range of 20 to 1,500 g / l as the amount of resin. If it is less than 20 g / l, the effect of resin addition is hardly obtained and the water resistance of the corrosion-resistant film becomes insufficient. On the other hand, if it exceeds 1,500 g / l, the viscosity of the treatment liquid increases and the film thickness after the heat treatment becomes uneven, which is not preferable in appearance.
[0014]
In the surface treatment method of the present invention, the heat treatment after immersion in the treatment liquid or after application thereof is performed in order to sufficiently perform evaporation of moisture, dehydration condensation of silanol groups of alkali silicate, and condensation reaction of water-soluble resin. , 50 to 450 ° C, more preferably 120 to 300 ° C. If it is less than 50 ° C., the evaporation of moisture, the dehydration condensation of the sinoral group and the condensation reaction of the water-soluble resin are not sufficiently performed, and sufficient corrosion resistance cannot be obtained. Moreover, since a long-time heat treatment is required, it is not preferable in terms of cost. Above 120 ° C., evaporation of moisture, dehydration condensation of sinoral groups, and condensation reaction of water-soluble resins are more sufficiently performed. On the other hand, if it exceeds 450 ° C., the R—Fe—B permanent magnet structure is affected, and the magnetic properties are deteriorated. In addition, it is necessary to set the upper limit of drying temperature below the heat-resistant limit of the water-soluble resin to add, and it changes with resin to add.
The heat treatment time is preferably in the range of 5 to 120 minutes. If the treatment time is less than 5 minutes, the temperature of the surface of the magnet body does not reach a predetermined temperature, and there is a possibility that water evaporation, dehydration condensation of sinoral groups, and condensation reaction of water-soluble resin are not sufficiently performed. Further, if it exceeds 120 minutes, there is no problem in practical use, but productivity is lowered and it is not preferable in terms of cost.
It is also possible to repeat the above steps twice or more.
[0015]
In the present invention, the thickness of the corrosion-resistant film covering the R—Fe—B permanent magnet is suitably 5 nm to 10 μm. If the thickness is less than 5 nm, the magnet surface cannot be sufficiently coated against unevenness, and sufficient corrosion resistance cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if it exceeds 10 μm, there is no practical problem with respect to corrosion resistance, but it is difficult to obtain a uniform film thickness, which is not preferable in appearance. Furthermore, if the corrosion-resistant film is made thick, the volume of the R—Fe—B permanent magnet that can be used is reduced even if the external appearance is the same.
[0016]
In the surface treatment method of the present invention, as the pretreatment, it is desirable to immerse the R—Fe—B permanent magnet in the treatment liquid or perform ultrasonic cleaning before applying the treatment liquid. On the magnet surface, minute processing scraps and magnetic powders that are physically attracted or magnetically attracted remain, and these foreign substances cause a decrease in the adhesion and corrosion resistance of the corrosion-resistant film obtained by the present invention. one of. By removing these foreign matters remaining on the magnet surface by ultrasonic cleaning, the adhesion and corrosion resistance of the corrosion-resistant film can be improved.
[0017]
Usually, in wet plating methods such as nickel plating, chemical conversion treatment methods such as zinc phosphate treatment, a degreasing process for removing oil as a pre-treatment, a pickling process for removing rare earth oxide phases that are difficult to coat with a corrosion-resistant film, etc. In addition, a complicated pretreatment such as an activation process for surely forming the film is required, and by performing these pretreatments, a film having high adhesion and corrosion resistance is coated on the magnet surface.
[0018]
However, the method for forming a corrosion-resistant film in the present invention is different from the method for forming a corrosion-resistant film by reacting a treatment liquid on the magnet surface such as wet plating or chemical conversion treatment, and drying the treatment liquid remaining on the magnet surface. Thus, since the corrosion-resistant film is directly formed on the magnet surface, it is possible to easily form the film on the rare earth oxide or the like. Therefore, pre-treatment such as pickling process and activation process, which are indispensable in other surface treatments, is not always necessary, and even ultrasonic cleaning that removes fine magnetic particles and processing debris on the magnet surface is sufficient. A corrosion-resistant film having adhesion and corrosion resistance can be formed. Therefore, it can be said that the pre-treatment of the present invention is preferable from the viewpoint of simplification and cost of the process of only ultrasonic cleaning.
[0019]
In the present invention, the rare earth element R of the R—Fe—B permanent magnet occupies 5 to 40% by weight of the composition, and as R, Y or La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Gd, Tb, One or more selected from Dy, Ho, Er, Lu, and Yb are used. Among them, it is preferable to include at least one of Ce, La, Pr, Nd, Tb, and Dy. . The B content is in the range of 0.2 to 8% by weight. Fe ranges from 50 to 90% by weight, but the temperature characteristics can be improved by replacing part of Fe with Co. However, if the amount of Co added is less than 0.1% by weight, a sufficient effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if it exceeds 15% by weight, the coercive force decreases, so the amount is preferably 0.1 to 15% by weight. Further, in order to improve magnetic properties or reduce costs, Ni, Nb, Al, Ti, Zr, Cr, V, Mn, Mo, Si, Sn, Cu, Ca, Mg, Pb, Sb, Ga, and Zn are selected. At least one selected from the above can be added.
[0020]
【Example】
Embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
(Example 1, Comparative Examples 1-3)
An ingot having a composition composed of 32Nd-1.2B-59.8Fe-7Co was prepared by high-frequency dissolution in an Ar atmosphere. This ingot was coarsely pulverized with a jaw crusher and further finely pulverized with a jet mill using nitrogen gas to obtain a fine powder having an average particle size of 3.5 μm. Next, this fine powder was filled in a mold to which a 10 kOe magnetic field was applied, and molded at a pressure of 1.0 t / cm 2 . Next, sintering was performed in vacuum at 1100 ° C. for 2 hours, and further aging treatment was performed at 550 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain a permanent magnet. A magnet specimen having a diameter of 20 mm × thickness of 5 mm was cut out from the obtained permanent magnet, and further subjected to barrel polishing. The obtained test piece was subjected to ultrasonic cleaning as a pretreatment, and then water-soluble melamine was added to water glass adjusted to 30 g / l as SiO 2 and a molar ratio n (SiO 2 / Na 2 O) = 5.5. After immersing the resin in a treatment liquid added with 400 g / l, heat treatment was performed at 200 ° C. for 20 minutes in a hot air oven. For the measurement of the rusting rate, the state after the test was photographed, the red color appearing only in the rusted part was taken out by image processing by a computer and binarized to obtain the rusting rate.
As Comparative Examples 1 to 3, a test piece (Comparative Example 1) immersed in a treatment liquid in which no water-soluble melamine resin was added to the treatment liquid of Example 1, a test immersed in a treatment liquid containing only a water-soluble melamine resin Table 1 shows the corrosion resistance evaluation results for the piece (Comparative Example 2) and the untreated test piece (Comparative Example 3).
As can be seen from Table 1, the corrosion resistance is improved by adding a water-soluble resin to the aqueous alkali silicate solution.
[0021]
[Table 1]
[0022]
(Example 2, Comparative Examples 4 and 5)
In a lithium silicate aqueous solution adjusted to a concentration of 45 g / l as SiO 2 and a molar ratio n (SiO 2 / Li 2 O) = 4.5, a solid resin emulsion of epoxy resin is 500 g / l, and water dispersibility as a resin curing agent Polyamideamine 60 g / l was added to prepare a treatment solution. A test piece produced in the same manner as in Example 1 was subjected to ultrasonic cleaning in pure water as a pretreatment, and then immersed in the treatment solution, followed by heat treatment at 180 ° C. for 30 minutes in a hot air oven. . The obtained test piece was bonded to an iron piece with an acrylic adhesive. Then, half performed a humidification test at 80 ° C., 90% RH, 300 hours, and measured the shearing force before and after the humidification test using an autograph AG-2000 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation (shear speed 1 mm / min). The adhesion deterioration rate was determined.
Adhesive strength deterioration rate = (shearing force before humidification test−shearing force after humidification test) / shearing force before humidification test as Comparative Examples 4 and 5, test pieces treated with a treatment solution containing only a lithium silicate aqueous solution (Comparative Example) Table 2 shows the results of 4) and the test piece (Comparative Example 5) coated with electrolytic nickel plating.
As can be seen from Table 2, when the resin is added to the alkali silicate aqueous solution, the water resistance is improved, and the decrease in the adhesive strength can be suppressed to the same extent as in the electro nickel plating.
[0023]
[Table 2]
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a high corrosion resistance sintered permanent magnet can be provided by coating a surface of an R-Fe-B permanent magnet with a high corrosion resistance coating at a low cost and in a simple process, and industrially its The effect is extremely high.
Claims (2)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP35798598A JP3624263B2 (en) | 1997-12-19 | 1998-12-16 | High corrosion resistance permanent magnet and method of manufacturing the same |
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| JP35051897 | 1997-12-19 | ||
| JP9-350518 | 1997-12-19 | ||
| JP35798598A JP3624263B2 (en) | 1997-12-19 | 1998-12-16 | High corrosion resistance permanent magnet and method of manufacturing the same |
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| JP3624263B2 true JP3624263B2 (en) | 2005-03-02 |
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| US8383252B2 (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2013-02-26 | Tdk Corporation | Rare earth magnet and its production method |
| JP5245682B2 (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2013-07-24 | Tdk株式会社 | Rare earth magnet and manufacturing method thereof |
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