JP3624302B2 - Novel palladium-pyridinylpyrazole complex - Google Patents
Novel palladium-pyridinylpyrazole complex Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP3624302B2 JP3624302B2 JP11349398A JP11349398A JP3624302B2 JP 3624302 B2 JP3624302 B2 JP 3624302B2 JP 11349398 A JP11349398 A JP 11349398A JP 11349398 A JP11349398 A JP 11349398A JP 3624302 B2 JP3624302 B2 JP 3624302B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- group
- reaction
- complex
- compound
- palladium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 0 COC(*)=C1CCCCC1 Chemical compound COC(*)=C1CCCCC1 0.000 description 3
- VBOSYKZZGJGHJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCC1C(C2)C2CC1 Chemical compound CCCC1C(C2)C2CC1 VBOSYKZZGJGHJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZFKBJNRZHSHSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC(C1(CC=C)CCCCC1)=O Chemical compound COC(C1(CC=C)CCCCC1)=O DZFKBJNRZHSHSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXSYQCFMUKFWBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC(C1(CCCCC1)C1CC1)=O Chemical compound COC(C1(CCCCC1)C1CC1)=O MXSYQCFMUKFWBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は新規なパラジウム−ピリジニルピラゾ−ル錯体、及び該錯体を含む有機合成用触媒に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
パラジウム触媒は、炭素−炭素結合形成反応、酸化反応、還元反応など様々な有機合成反応において有用であり、従来、主としてパラジウム−リンやパラジウム−ひ素型の触媒として用いられている。しかしながら、これらの触媒は活性が高いものの、酸化されやすいために活性を失いやすいという問題があり、また、配位子であるリンやひ素には悪臭や毒性があることから、環境汚染などの問題を引き起こす場合があった。従って、リンやヒ素に替わる配位子を有するパラジム触媒の開発が求められている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題及び課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の課題は、リンやヒ素に替えて悪臭や毒性のない配位子を有し、安定性と触媒活性に優れたパラジム錯体を提供することにある。また、本発明の別の課題は、上記の特徴を有するパラジム錯体を触媒として用いる有機合成反応を提供することにある。本発明者らは上記の課題を解決すべく鋭意研究を行った結果、下記の一般式(I) で表される化合物がパラジウムの安定化配位子として優れた性能を有しており、この化合物を配位子として含むパラジム錯体が各種の有機合成反応において高い触媒活性を発揮できることを見出した。本発明はこれらの知見を基にして完成されたものである。
【0004】
すなわち本発明は、下記の一般式(I) :
【化2】
(式中、R1及びR2はそれぞれ独立に水素原子又は低級アルキル基を示し、R3は置換又は無置換の2−ピリジニル基を示す)で表されるパラジウム金属用の配位子;及び該配位子を含むパラジウム錯体が提供される。また、該錯体を含む有機合成用触媒、好ましくは炭素−炭素結合用触媒、さらに好ましくはシクロプロパン形成用触媒が提供される。本発明の触媒は、例えば、ケテンシリルアセタールを用いるシクロプロパン化反応において触媒活性を有する。別の観点からは、本発明により、上記触媒を用いたシクロプロパン化反応が提供される。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
上記一般式(I) において、R1及びR2はそれぞれ独立に水素原子又は低級アルキル基を示すが、R1及びR2のいずれかが低級アルキル基であることが好ましく、R1が低級アルキル基であることがより好ましい。R1が低級アルキル基であり、R2が水素原子であることが特に好ましい。低級アルキル基としては、炭素原子数1〜12個、好ましくは1〜6個程度の直鎖、分枝鎖、若しくは環状のアルキル基、又はこれらの組み合わせであるアルキル基を用いることができる。環状アルキル基の環上には1個又は2個以上の直鎖又は分枝鎖の低級アルキル基が置換していてもよい。より具体的には、低級アルキル基として、メチル基、エチル基、n−プロピル基、イソプロピル基、シクロプロピル基、n−ブチル基、sec−ブチル基、tert− ブチル基、シクロブチル基、シクロプロピルメチル基などを用いることができる。
【0006】
R3は置換又は無置換の2−ピリジニル基を示す。2−ピリジニル基が置換基を有する場合、環上の置換基の個数、種類、及び置換位置は特に限定されないが、本発明のパラジウム錯体を有機合成用の触媒として用いる場合には、目的の反応における触媒活性を高めるように、当該反応において不活性な置換基のなかから適宜選択することが望ましい。置換基として、例えば、低級アルキル基、低級アルコキシ基(メトキシ基、エトキシ基など)、ハロゲン原子(フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子など)などを用いることができる。R3としては無置換の2−ピリジニル基が好ましい。
【0007】
上記の式(I) で表される化合物には互変異性体が存在しており、上記化合物は下記のようにパラジウム金属に配位して本発明のパラジウム錯体を形成していると考えられる(下記の式において、R3が水素原子の化合物を示した)。もっとも、本発明の配位子をこれらの互変異性体のいずれかに限定して解釈してはならない。
【化3】
【0008】
上記の式(I) で表される化合物の一部は公知であり、例えば、フェルレスらの方法により製造することができる(Ferles, M., et al., Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 46, 1167, 1981 )。また、新規化合物の製造方法の具体例を本明細書の実施例に示した。従って、上記の刊行物及び本明細書の実施例を参照しつつ、原料化合物、反応試薬、反応条件などを適宜選択することにより、またこれらの方法に適宜の修飾ないしは改変を加えることにより、上記式(I) に包含される化合物をいずれも製造することが可能である。
【0009】
上記式(I) に包含される代表的化合物として、化合物Ia(R1がメチル基であり、R2が水素原子であり、R3が無置換2−ピリジニル基である化合物)及び化合物Ib(R1がtert− ブチル基であり、R2が水素原子であり、R3が無置換2−ピリジニル基である化合物)を挙げることができる。これらの化合物は室温下では無臭の固体であり、空気中でも安定である。
【0010】
上記式(I) で表される化合物とパラジウム化合物(例えば塩化アリルパラジウムなど)を不活性溶媒中で混合することにより、本発明のパラジウム錯体を製造することができる。本発明のパラジウム錯体は、通常、上記式(I) で表される化合物のほかに1個の配位子を有しているが、この配位子の種類は特に限定されない。また、本発明のパラジウム錯体が塩を形成する場合には、アニオンの種類は特に限定されず、いかなる形態の塩も本発明の錯体に包含される。例えば、上記化合物1a又は化合物Ibと塩化アリルパラジウムとをAgBF4 の存在下に反応させることによりテトラフルオロボレートの形態のパラジウム錯体(錯体2a又は2b)が得られる。
【0011】
本発明の錯体は各種の有機合成用触媒として利用することができる。本発明の錯体は、中性錯体の形態で種々の有機溶媒に対して高い溶解性を示すので、各種の有機反応において幅広い反応条件を適用することが可能である。本発明の錯体を触媒として用いる場合の有機反応は特に限定されないが、例えば、炭素−炭素結合形成反応、酸化反応、又は還元反応などに用いることが可能である。本発明の錯体を用いて行われる特徴的な炭素−炭素結合形成反応として、シクロプロパン環の形成反応を挙げることができる。
【0012】
本明細書の実施例に具体的に示したように、本発明のパラジウム錯体2a又は2bは、エステル誘導体であるケテンシリルアセタ−ルと酢酸アリルとの反応において触媒活性を示し、シクロプロパン化合物を主生成物として与える。本発明の方法に利用可能なケテンシリルアセタールの構造は特に限定されず、当業者は適宜の化合物を選択することができる。代表的なケテンシリルアセタールは本明細書の実施例に具体的に示されている。また、酢酸シンナミルとの反応では立体選択的に反応が進行し、トランスの配置を持つシクロプロパンが得られる。本発明のパラジウム錯体を触媒として用いる場合の使用量は特に限定されず、有機反応の種類や反応条件に応じて適宜選択可能であるが、例えば、0.01〜100 mol%程度の濃度で使用することができ、錯体2bでは1 mol%の触媒量でも高い収率で生成物を与える。なお、溶媒の種類、反応条件、試薬の種類などは当業者に適宜選択可能であることはいうまでもない。
【0013】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明の範囲はこれらの実施例に限定されることはない。
例1:配位子(化合物1b)の製造
【化4】
【0014】
100 mL三口フラスコに水素化ナトリウム(60 wt%, 480mg, 12 mmol)を入れ、反応系をアルゴン置換した。テトラヒドロフラン(THF) 5 mLを加えて0℃に冷却し、ピナコロン (2,2−dimethylbutan−3−one)(1.1 g, 11 mmol)をTHF 5mLに溶解してゆっくりと加えると水素ガスが発生した。反応混合物を0 ℃で撹拌した後、水素ガスの発生が完全に終わるまで室温で20分撹拌した。ピリジンカルボン酸エステル(1.65 g, 10 mmol )をTHF 5 mLに溶解し、反応液を60℃に加熱しながらゆっくりと滴下した。
【0015】
滴下終了後、反応液を60℃から70℃で15分撹拌すると、反応液は薄茶色溶液になった。反応液を室温に冷却した後、10% HCl 水溶液で水層のpHを8 〜9 に調整してエーテルで抽出した。有機層を乾燥し(MgSO4 )、ろ過した後、ろ液を減圧下で濃縮した。残渣をエーテル−ヘキサン(1/9 )溶媒を用いてシリカゲルクロマトグラフィーにて精製し、4,4−dimethyl−1−hydroxy−1−(2−pyridinyl)pent−1−en−3−one (1.85 g, 収率90 %)を得た。
1H NMR (270MHz, CDCl3)δ 8.67 (ddd, 1H, J=0.99, 1.65, 4.62 Hz), 8.08 (dt, 1H, J=0.99, 7.60 Hz), 7.83 (dt, 1H, J=1.65, 7.6 Hz), 7.40 (ddd, 1H, J=0.99, 4.62, 7.6 Hz), 6.99 (s, 1H), 1.28 (s, 9H).
【0016】
4,4−dimethyl−1−hydroxy−1−(2−pyridinyl)pent−1−en−3−one (1.85 g, 9.02 mmol )をエタノール 10 mLに溶解して50 mL 二口フラスコに入れ、80℃に加熱しながら、ヒドラジン1水和物(0.66 mL, 13.5 mmol)のエタノール 10 mL溶液を10分かけて滴下すると、溶液が黄色から無色になった。反応混合物を80℃で50分撹拌した後、室温まで冷却し、エタノールを減圧下で除去した。残渣にジクロルメタン 20 mLを加えてよく混合した後、水(5 ml)で3回洗浄し、有機層を乾燥(MgSO4 )後にろ過した。ろ液を減圧下で濃縮し、残渣を放置して結晶化させ、エーテル−ヘキサン(1/ 1)溶媒10 mL で洗浄後に乾燥して白色固体1b(1.18 g, 収率65% )を得た。
1H NMR (300MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.61 (d, 1H, J=4.6 Hz), 7.81 (brd, 1H), 7.72 (dt, 1H, J=1.3, 7.3 Hz), 7.20 (dd, 1H, J=4.6, 7.2 Hz), 6.67 (s, 1H), 1.39 (s, 9H).
13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 149.3, 136.7, 122.5, 119.9, 99.7, 31.6, 30.4.mp 106℃.
Anal. Found: C. 71.48; H. 7.56; N. 20.64%. Calcd for C12H15N3 : C. 71.61; H. 7.51; N. 20.88%.
【0017】
例2:パラジウム錯体(錯体2a)の製造
【化5】
【0018】
100 mL褐色三口フラスコにAgBF4 (258 mg, 1.325 mmol)とη3−allylpalladium chloride dimer (242 mg, 0.663 mmol, アルドリッチ社製)を入れ、反応系をアルゴン置換した後、0 ℃に冷やしてジクロルメタン40 mL を加えた。反応混合物を10分撹拌した後、細かく砕いた化合物1a(210.9 mg, 1.325 mmol; Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 46, 1167, 1981 )を固体のままを加えた。反応混合物を0 ℃で5分撹拌した後、室温に戻してさらに45分撹拌した。反応容器にメタノール 40 mLを加えて1時間撹拌した後、不溶固体をセライトろ過し、ろ液を減圧下で濃縮して残渣を乾燥して錯体2aを得た(516 mg, 収率99% )。
【0019】
1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO−d6) δ 14.25 (1H, br), 8.81 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 8.24 (1H, dd, J = 7.8, 7.8 Hz), 8.19 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.62 (1H, dd, J = 7.8, 5.4 Hz), 7.06 (1H, s), 5.93 (1H, tt, J = 11.7, 6.4 Hz), 4.47 (2H, d, J = 6.4 Hz), 3.43 (2H, d, J = 11.7 Hz), 2.40 (3H, s).
1H NMR (600 MHz, CD2Cl2−CD3OD (1:1))δ 8.70 (1H, ddd, J = 5.4, 1.5, 1.0 Hz), 8.13 (1H, ddd, J = 7.8, 7.8, 1.5 Hz), 7.98 (1H, ddd, J = 7.8, 1.5, 1.0 Hz), 7.54 (1H, ddd, J = 7.8, 5.4, 1.5 Hz), 6.79 (1H, s), 5.86 (1H, tt, J = 12.7, 7.3 Hz), 4.52 and 4.37 (2H, br), 3.52 and 3.30 (2H, br), 2.46 (3H, s).
13C NMR (150 MHZ, CD2Cl2−CD3OD (1:1)) δ 154.4, 153.4, 151.8, 145.3, 141.4, 126.5, 122.7, 118.5, 63.7, 58.7, 11.0.
mp >285 ℃ (dec.).
Anal. Found: C. 36.73; H. 3.56; N. 10.64%. Calcd for C12H14N3BF4Pd : C. 36.63; H. 3.59; N. 10.68%.
【0020】
例3:パラジウム錯体(錯体2b)の製造
上記例2と同様にして、AgBF4 (221 mg, 1.14 mmol )、η3−allylpalladium chloride dimer (208 mg, 0.57 mmol )、化合物1b(229 mg, 1.14 mmol )より錯体2bを白色固体として得た(480 mg, 収率97% )。
1H NMR (500MHz, DMSO−d6)δ 13.95 (br, 1H), 8.83 (d, 1H, J=5.1 Hz), 8.28−8.22 (m, 2H), 7.62 (ddd, 1H, J=2.2, 5.1, 6.6 Hz), 7.19 (s, 1H), 5.93 (dt, 1H, J=6.5, 12.4 Hz), 4.54 (d, 1H, J=6.5 Hz), 3.46 (d, 1H, J=12.4 Hz), 1.38 (s, 9H).
13C NMR (125 MHZ, DMSO−d6)δ 157.8, 154.0, 151.4, 150.1, 141.0, 126.0, 122.1, 117.9, 101.1, 62.1(2 carbons), 31.3, 29.6.
mp >140 ℃(dec.).
Anal. Found: C. 41.17; H. 4.59; N. 9.54%. Calcd for C15H20N3BF4Pd : C. 41.37;H. 4.63; N. 9.65%.
【0021】
例4:シクロプロパン化反応
【化6】
【0022】
25 mL 枝付なすフラスコに本発明のパラジウム錯体2a(20 mg, 0.05 mmol)と酢酸ナトリウム(16.4 mg, 0.2 mmol )を加え、反応系をアルゴン置換した後、DMSO 2 mL を加えた。反応混合物を5 分間撹拌した後、酢酸アリル(100 mg, 1 mmol)をDMSO 1 mL に溶解して加えた。続いて、ケテンアセタール(429 mg, 2 mmol)をDMSO 1 mL に溶かして加え、室温で撹拌を継続したところ、反応液は無色からうすい黄色に変化した。反応経過をガスクロマトグラフィーで追跡し、化合物5 及び6 の生成が止まった時点で反応を終了した(室温で90分撹拌後Pd黒の沈殿が生じ、反応が終了した)。
【0023】
反応溶液に、エーテル5 mLと水5 mLを加え、続いて10% HCl 水溶液を3 mL加えて室温で30分撹拌し、残っているケテンアセタールを加水分解した。有機層をエーテルで抽出し、飽和NaHCO3水溶液と飽和食塩水で洗浄した。有機層を乾燥し(MgSO4 )、ろ過した後、ろ液を減圧下で濃縮した。得られた油状物質のうち比較的低沸点のものは蒸留によって除去し、残査をエーテル−ヘキサン(1:9)溶媒を用い、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーによって精製すると、化合物5 、化合物6 、および少量のシクロヘキサンカルボン酸メチルの誘導体の混合物が290 mg得られた。生成物の混合比をガスクロマトグラフィーおよびNMR を用いて算出したところ、化合物5:化合物6の生成比は87:7であった。純粋な化合物5 はさらに次の工程を経て単離した。
【0024】
上記混合物を25 mL なすフラスコに入れ、t−ブタノール (3 mL) 、水 (0.5 mL) を加えた後、四酸化オスミウム−t−ブタノール溶液 (2.5 wt%, 0.1 mL)を加えて室温で2 時間撹拌し、不飽和二重結合を持つ化合物(化合物6)のみを酸化した。反応混合物に10% 亜硫酸ナトリウム水溶液を加えて30分撹拌し、有機物をエーテル抽出した。有機層を1N−HCl水溶液、飽和NaHCO3水溶液、飽和食塩水で順次洗浄し、乾燥(MgSO4 )後にろ過し、ろ液を減圧下で濃縮した。得られた油状物質をエーテル−ヘキサン(1:9)溶媒を用い、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィーによって精製すると、化合物5 (150 mg)が得られた(単離収率:83% )。この化合物の物理化学的性状は文献記載のものと一致した(Hegedus, L. S. et al., J. Org. Chem., 45, 5193, 1980)。
【0025】
同様にしてパラジウム錯体2bを用いて化合物5及び化合物6を得た。化合物5と化合物6の生成比は62:26 であった。
【化7】
【0026】
例5:シクロプロパン化反応
上記の例4と同様にして、それぞれ触媒2aを用いて化合物8及び化合物11を製造した。
【化8】
【0027】
化合物8
1H NMR (500MHz, CDCl3)δ 4.08 (q, 2H), 1.21 (t, 3H), 1.01 (s, 3H), 1.00 (m, 1H), 0.35−0.22 (m, 4H).
13C NMR (125.8 MHz, CDCl3), δ 177.9, 60.2, 41.1, 22.9, 19.5, 14.5, 0.70.
MS, m/z (relative intensity) 156 (M + , 3.3), 141 (17.5), 128 (6.6), 113 (9.9), 110 (10.4), 100 (24.8), 83 (100), 67 (11.6), 55 (99.3).
【0028】
化合物11
1H NMR (500MHz, CDCl3)δ 7.29 (t, 2H), 7.18 (t, 1H), 7.13 (d, 2H), 4.17 (m, 2H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 1.93 (ddd, 1H, J=5.0, 5.7, 9.2 Hz), 1.39 (ddd, 1H, J−5.0, 5.7, 8.7 Hz), 1.26 (t, 3H, J=7.1 Hz), 1.20 (s, 3H), 1.01 (ddd, 1H, J=5.5, 5.7, 8.7 Hz), 0.90 (ddd, 1H, J=5.5, 5.7, 9.2 Hz).
13C NMR (125.8 MHz, CDCl3)δ 177.3, 143.0, 128.2, 126.1, 125.4, 60.4, 41.5, 31.1, 23.2 (2C), 19.1, 14.2, 11.3.
Anal. Found: C. 77.27; H. 8.85%. Calcd for C15H20O2 : C. 77.55; H. 8.69%.
【0029】
【発明の効果】
本発明のパラジウム錯体は安定であり、配位子としてリンやヒ素を含む錯体に比べて悪臭などの問題が回避されているので取り扱いに便利である。また、シクロプロパン化反応など多様な有機反応用触媒として利用することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel palladium-pyridinylpyrazole complex and an organic synthesis catalyst containing the complex.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The palladium catalyst is useful in various organic synthesis reactions such as a carbon-carbon bond formation reaction, an oxidation reaction, and a reduction reaction, and is conventionally used mainly as a palladium-phosphorus or palladium-arsenic type catalyst. However, although these catalysts are highly active, they are liable to lose activity because they are easily oxidized, and the phosphorous and arsenic ligands have a bad odor and toxicity. Could cause. Accordingly, there is a demand for the development of paradymium catalysts having ligands that replace phosphorus and arsenic.
[0003]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention and Means for Solving the Problems
An object of the present invention is to provide a paradymium complex having a ligand having no offensive odor or toxicity in place of phosphorus or arsenic and having excellent stability and catalytic activity. Another object of the present invention is to provide an organic synthesis reaction in which a paradymium complex having the above-described characteristics is used as a catalyst. As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that the compound represented by the following general formula (I) has excellent performance as a palladium stabilizing ligand. It has been found that a paradium complex containing a compound as a ligand can exhibit high catalytic activity in various organic synthesis reactions. The present invention has been completed based on these findings.
[0004]
That is, the present invention provides the following general formula (I):
[Chemical 2]
(Wherein R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, and R 3 represents a substituted or unsubstituted 2-pyridinyl group); and A palladium complex comprising the ligand is provided. Also provided are organic synthesis catalysts containing the complex, preferably carbon-carbon bond catalysts, and more preferably cyclopropane formation catalysts. The catalyst of the present invention has catalytic activity in, for example, a cyclopropanation reaction using ketene silyl acetal. From another viewpoint, the present invention provides a cyclopropanation reaction using the above catalyst.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the general formula (I), R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, but it is preferable that either R 1 or R 2 is a lower alkyl group, and R 1 is a lower alkyl group. More preferably, it is a group. It is particularly preferred that R 1 is a lower alkyl group and R 2 is a hydrogen atom. As the lower alkyl group, a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably about 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group that is a combination thereof can be used. One or two or more linear or branched lower alkyl groups may be substituted on the ring of the cyclic alkyl group. More specifically, as a lower alkyl group, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, cyclopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclopropylmethyl A group or the like can be used.
[0006]
R 3 represents a substituted or unsubstituted 2-pyridinyl group. When the 2-pyridinyl group has a substituent, the number, type, and substitution position of the substituents on the ring are not particularly limited, but when the palladium complex of the present invention is used as a catalyst for organic synthesis, the target reaction It is desirable to appropriately select from substituents that are inactive in the reaction so as to enhance the catalytic activity in the reaction. As the substituent, for example, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group (methoxy group, ethoxy group, etc.), a halogen atom (fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, etc.) and the like can be used. R 3 is preferably an unsubstituted 2-pyridinyl group.
[0007]
There is a tautomer in the compound represented by the above formula (I), and it is considered that the above compound is coordinated to palladium metal as follows to form the palladium complex of the present invention. (In the formula below, R 3 represents a hydrogen atom compound). However, the ligand of the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited to any of these tautomers.
[Chemical 3]
[0008]
Some of the compounds represented by the above formula (I) are known and can be produced, for example, by the method of Ferres et al. (Ferles, M., et al., Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 46, 1167, 1981). Moreover, the specific example of the manufacturing method of a novel compound was shown in the Example of this specification. Accordingly, referring to the above-mentioned publications and examples of the present specification, by appropriately selecting the raw material compounds, reaction reagents, reaction conditions, etc., and by appropriately modifying or modifying these methods, Any of the compounds encompassed by formula (I) can be prepared.
[0009]
Representative compounds included in the above formula (I) include compound Ia (compound in which R 1 is a methyl group, R 2 is a hydrogen atom, and R 3 is an unsubstituted 2-pyridinyl group) and compound Ib ( A compound in which R 1 is a tert-butyl group, R 2 is a hydrogen atom, and R 3 is an unsubstituted 2-pyridinyl group). These compounds are odorless solids at room temperature and are stable in air.
[0010]
The palladium complex of the present invention can be produced by mixing the compound represented by the above formula (I) and a palladium compound (for example, allyl palladium chloride) in an inert solvent. The palladium complex of the present invention usually has one ligand in addition to the compound represented by the above formula (I), but the type of this ligand is not particularly limited. When the palladium complex of the present invention forms a salt, the kind of anion is not particularly limited, and any form of salt is included in the complex of the present invention. For example, a palladium complex (complex 2a or 2b) in the form of tetrafluoroborate can be obtained by reacting the above compound 1a or compound Ib with allyl palladium chloride in the presence of AgBF 4 .
[0011]
The complex of the present invention can be used as various organic synthesis catalysts. Since the complex of the present invention exhibits high solubility in various organic solvents in the form of a neutral complex, a wide range of reaction conditions can be applied in various organic reactions. The organic reaction when the complex of the present invention is used as a catalyst is not particularly limited, but can be used for, for example, a carbon-carbon bond forming reaction, an oxidation reaction, or a reduction reaction. As a characteristic carbon-carbon bond forming reaction performed using the complex of the present invention, a cyclopropane ring forming reaction can be exemplified.
[0012]
As specifically shown in the examples of the present specification, the palladium complex 2a or 2b of the present invention exhibits catalytic activity in the reaction of an ester derivative ketene silyl acetal with allyl acetate, and is a cyclopropane compound. As the main product. The structure of the ketene silyl acetal that can be used in the method of the present invention is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select an appropriate compound. Representative ketene silyl acetals are specifically shown in the examples herein. Further, in the reaction with cinnamyl acetate, the reaction proceeds stereoselectively, and cyclopropane having a trans configuration is obtained. The amount used when the palladium complex of the present invention is used as a catalyst is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the type of organic reaction and reaction conditions. For example, it is used at a concentration of about 0.01 to 100 mol%. Complex 2b gives the product in high yield even with 1 mol% catalyst. It goes without saying that the type of solvent, reaction conditions, type of reagent, and the like can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art.
[0013]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1: Preparation of ligand (compound 1b)
[0014]
Sodium hydride (60 wt%, 480 mg, 12 mmol) was placed in a 100 mL three-necked flask, and the reaction system was purged with argon. Add 5 mL of tetrahydrofuran (THF), cool to 0 ° C., dissolve pinacolone (2,2-dimethylbutan-3-one) (1.1 g, 11 mmol) in 5 mL of THF and slowly add hydrogen gas. Occurred. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 ° C., and then stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes until evolution of hydrogen gas was completely completed. Pyridinecarboxylic acid ester (1.65 g, 10 mmol) was dissolved in 5 mL of THF, and the reaction solution was slowly added dropwise while heating to 60 ° C.
[0015]
When the reaction solution was stirred at 60 ° C. to 70 ° C. for 15 minutes after completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction solution became a light brown solution. After the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, the pH of the aqueous layer was adjusted to 8-9 with 10% aqueous HCl and extracted with ether. The organic layer was dried (MgSO 4 ) and filtered, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography using ether-hexane (1/9) solvent, and 4,4-dimethyl-1-hydroxy-1- (2-pyridinyl) pent-1-en-3-one (1 .85 g, 90% yield).
1 H NMR (270 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 8.67 (ddd, 1H, J = 0.99, 1.65, 4.62 Hz), 8.08 (dt, 1H, J = 0.99, 7. 60 Hz), 7.83 (dt, 1H, J = 1.65, 7.6 Hz), 7.40 (ddd, 1H, J = 0.99, 4.62, 7.6 Hz), 6. 99 (s, 1H), 1.28 (s, 9H).
[0016]
4,4-dimethyl-1-hydroxy-1- (2-pyridinyl) pent-1-en-3-one (1.85 g, 9.02 mmol) was dissolved in 10 mL of ethanol and a 50 mL two-neck flask. And a solution of hydrazine monohydrate (0.66 mL, 13.5 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) was added dropwise over 10 minutes while heating to 80 ° C., and the solution became yellow to colorless. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80 ° C. for 50 minutes, then cooled to room temperature, and ethanol was removed under reduced pressure. 20 mL of dichloromethane was added to the residue and mixed well, then washed three times with water (5 ml), and the organic layer was dried (MgSO 4 ) and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, the residue was allowed to crystallize, washed with 10 mL of ether-hexane (1/1) solvent and dried to give a white solid 1b (1.18 g, 65% yield). Obtained.
1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 8.61 (d, 1H, J = 4.6 Hz), 7.81 (brd, 1H), 7.72 (dt, 1H, J = 1.3, 7 .3 Hz), 7.20 (dd, 1H, J = 4.6, 7.2 Hz), 6.67 (s, 1H), 1.39 (s, 9H).
13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 149.3, 136.7, 122.5, 119.9, 99.7, 31.6, 30.4. mp 106 ° C.
Anal. Found: C.I. 71.48; 7.56; 20.64%. Calcd for C 12 H 15 N 3 : C. 71.61; 7.51; 20.88%.
[0017]
Example 2: Production of palladium complex (complex 2a)
[0018]
AgBF 4 (258 mg, 1.325 mmol) and η 3 -allylpaldium chloride dimer (242 mg, 0.663 mmol, manufactured by Aldrich) were placed in a 100 mL brown three-necked flask, and the reaction system was purged with argon, and then 0 ° C. And 40 mL of dichloromethane was added. After the reaction mixture was stirred for 10 minutes, finely divided compound 1a (210.9 mg, 1.325 mmol; Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 46, 1167, 1981) was added as a solid. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 ° C. for 5 minutes, then returned to room temperature and further stirred for 45 minutes. After adding 40 mL of methanol to the reaction vessel and stirring for 1 hour, the insoluble solid was filtered through Celite, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was dried to obtain Complex 2a (516 mg, 99% yield). .
[0019]
1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 14.25 (1H, br), 8.81 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 8.24 (1H, dd, J = 7. 8, 7.8 Hz), 8.19 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.62 (1H, dd, J = 7.8, 5.4 Hz), 7.06 (1H, s), 5.93 (1H, tt, J = 11.7, 6.4 Hz), 4.47 (2H, d, J = 6.4 Hz), 3.43 (2H, d, J = 11 .7 Hz), 2.40 (3H, s).
1 H NMR (600 MHz, CD 2 Cl 2 -CD 3 OD (1: 1)) δ 8.70 (1H, ddd, J = 5.4, 1.5, 1.0 Hz), 8.13 ( 1H, ddd, J = 7.8, 7.8, 1.5 Hz), 7.98 (1H, ddd, J = 7.8, 1.5, 1.0 Hz), 7.54 (1H, ddd, J = 7.8, 5.4, 1.5 Hz), 6.79 (1H, s), 5.86 (1H, tt, J = 12.7, 7.3 Hz), 4.52 and 4.37 (2H, br), 3.52 and 3.30 (2H, br), 2.46 (3H, s).
13 C NMR (150 MHZ, CD 2 Cl 2 —CD 3 OD (1: 1)) δ 154.4, 153.4, 151.8, 145.3, 141.4, 126.5, 122.7, 118.5, 63.7, 58.7, 11.0.
mp> 285 ° C. (dec.).
Anal. Found: C.I. 36.73; 3.56; 10.64%. Calcd for C 12 H 14 N 3 BF 4 Pd: C. 36.63; 3.59; 10.68%.
[0020]
Example 3: Preparation of palladium complex (complex 2b) In the same manner as in Example 2 above, AgBF 4 (221 mg, 1.14 mmol), η3-allyl palladium chloride dimer (208 mg, 0.57 mmol), Compound 1b (229) mg, 1.14 mmol) gave complex 2b as a white solid (480 mg, 97% yield).
1 H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 13.95 (br, 1H), 8.83 (d, 1H, J = 5.1 Hz), 8.28-8.22 (m, 2H), 7.62 (ddd, 1H, J = 2.2, 5.1, 6.6 Hz), 7.19 (s, 1H), 5.93 (dt, 1H, J = 6.5, 12.4 Hz), 4.54 (d, 1H, J = 6.5 Hz), 3.46 (d, 1H, J = 12.4 Hz), 1.38 (s, 9H).
13 C NMR (125 MHZ, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 157.8, 154.0, 151.4, 150.1, 141.0, 126.0, 122.1, 117.9, 101.1, 62 .1 (2 carbons), 31.3, 29.6.
mp> 140 ° C. (dec.).
Anal. Found: C.I. 41.17; 4.59; 9.54%. Calcd for C 15 H 20 N 3 BF 4 Pd: C. 41.37; 4.63; 9.65%.
[0021]
Example 4: Cyclopropanation reaction
[0022]
A palladium complex 2a of the present invention (20 mg, 0.05 mmol) and sodium acetate (16.4 mg, 0.2 mmol) were added to a 25 mL branched flask, and the reaction system was purged with argon, followed by 2 mL of DMSO. Was added. After the reaction mixture was stirred for 5 minutes, allyl acetate (100 mg, 1 mmol) was dissolved in 1 mL of DMSO and added. Subsequently, ketene acetal (429 mg, 2 mmol) was dissolved in 1 mL of DMSO and added, and stirring was continued at room temperature. As a result, the reaction solution changed from colorless to light yellow. The progress of the reaction was followed by gas chromatography, and the reaction was completed when the formation of compounds 5 and 6 ceased (Pd black precipitate was formed after stirring for 90 minutes at room temperature).
[0023]
To the reaction solution, 5 mL of ether and 5 mL of water were added, and subsequently 3 mL of 10% aqueous HCl solution was added and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes to hydrolyze the remaining ketene acetal. The organic layer was extracted with ether and washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 and saturated brine. The organic layer was dried (MgSO 4 ) and filtered, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained oily substance having a relatively low boiling point is removed by distillation, and the residue is purified by silica gel chromatography using an ether-hexane (1: 9) solvent to obtain Compound 5, Compound 6, and a small amount of 290 mg of a mixture of derivatives of methylcyclohexanecarboxylate was obtained. When the product mixing ratio was calculated using gas chromatography and NMR, the product ratio of Compound 5: Compound 6 was 87: 7. Pure compound 5 was further isolated through the following steps.
[0024]
The above mixture was put into a 25 mL flask, t-butanol (3 mL) and water (0.5 mL) were added, and then an osmium tetroxide-t-butanol solution (2.5 wt%, 0.1 mL). And stirred at room temperature for 2 hours to oxidize only the compound having an unsaturated double bond (compound 6). A 10% aqueous sodium sulfite solution was added to the reaction mixture and stirred for 30 minutes, and the organic matter was extracted with ether. The organic layer was washed successively with 1N HCl aqueous solution, saturated NaHCO 3 aqueous solution and saturated brine, dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting oily substance was purified by silica gel chromatography using ether-hexane (1: 9) solvent to obtain Compound 5 (150 mg) (isolated yield: 83%). The physicochemical properties of this compound were consistent with those described in the literature (Hegedus, LS et al., J. Org. Chem., 45, 5193, 1980).
[0025]
Similarly, the compound 5 and the compound 6 were obtained using the palladium complex 2b. The production ratio of compound 5 and compound 6 was 62:26.
[Chemical 7]
[0026]
Example 5: Cyclopropanation reaction Compound 8 and Compound 11 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 4 above using catalyst 2a.
[Chemical 8]
[0027]
Compound 8
1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 4.08 (q, 2H), 1.21 (t, 3H), 1.01 (s, 3H), 1.00 (m, 1H), 0.35- 0.22 (m, 4H).
13 C NMR (125.8 MHz, CDCl 3 ), δ 177.9, 60.2, 41.1, 22.9, 19.5, 14.5, 0.70.
MS, m / z (relative intensity) 156 (M + , 3.3), 141 (17.5), 128 (6.6), 113 (9.9), 110 (10.4), 100 (24 .8), 83 (100), 67 (11.6), 55 (99.3).
[0028]
Compound 11
1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 7.29 (t, 2H), 7.18 (t, 1H), 7.13 (d, 2H), 4.17 (m, 2H), 1.99 ( s, 3H), 1.93 (ddd, 1H, J = 5.0, 5.7, 9.2 Hz), 1.39 (ddd, 1H, J-5.0, 5.7, 8.7 Hz), 1.26 (t, 3H, J = 7.1 Hz), 1.20 (s, 3H), 1.01 (ddd, 1H, J = 5.5, 5.7, 8.7 Hz) ), 0.90 (ddd, 1H, J = 5.5, 5.7, 9.2 Hz).
13 C NMR (125.8 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 177.3, 143.0, 128.2, 126.1, 125.4, 60.4, 41.5, 31.1, 23.2 (2C ), 19.1, 14.2, 11.3.
Anal. Found: C.I. 77.27; 8.85%. Calcd for C 15 H 20 O 2 : C. 77.55; 8.69%.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
The palladium complex of the present invention is stable and is convenient to handle because problems such as malodor are avoided as compared with a complex containing phosphorus or arsenic as a ligand. Moreover, it can utilize as a catalyst for various organic reactions, such as a cyclopropanation reaction.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11349398A JP3624302B2 (en) | 1998-04-23 | 1998-04-23 | Novel palladium-pyridinylpyrazole complex |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11349398A JP3624302B2 (en) | 1998-04-23 | 1998-04-23 | Novel palladium-pyridinylpyrazole complex |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH11302295A JPH11302295A (en) | 1999-11-02 |
| JP3624302B2 true JP3624302B2 (en) | 2005-03-02 |
Family
ID=14613715
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11349398A Expired - Fee Related JP3624302B2 (en) | 1998-04-23 | 1998-04-23 | Novel palladium-pyridinylpyrazole complex |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3624302B2 (en) |
-
1998
- 1998-04-23 JP JP11349398A patent/JP3624302B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH11302295A (en) | 1999-11-02 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP4264418B2 (en) | Ruthenium complexes as (preliminary) catalysts for metathesis reactions | |
| JPWO2013099819A1 (en) | Method for producing farnesal using vanadium complex | |
| US20070021610A1 (en) | 2, 3-Bis(dialkylphosphino)pyrazine derivative, process of producing the same, and metal complex having the same as ligand | |
| JPS58189132A (en) | Manufacture of butene derivative | |
| JP3624302B2 (en) | Novel palladium-pyridinylpyrazole complex | |
| US5648548A (en) | Optically active asymmetric diphosphine and process for producing optically active substance in its presence | |
| WO2008135386A1 (en) | Chiral ligands of the n-heterocyclic carbene type for asymmetrical catalysis | |
| JP3624304B2 (en) | Novel palladium-imidazole complex | |
| US5523437A (en) | Tertiary phosphine compound and transition metal complex comprising the same as ligand | |
| CN115448942B (en) | A method for catalyzing the oxidation of hydrogen silane to synthesize silanol | |
| JPWO2008111563A1 (en) | Production method of optically active sulfoxide compound using iron-saran complex catalyst | |
| JP3843470B2 (en) | Ferrocenyl diphenylphosphine derivative, hydrosilylation with the ligand metal complex | |
| JPS6354699B2 (en) | ||
| JP4416466B2 (en) | Method for producing benzene derivatives | |
| JP5407332B2 (en) | Method for producing quarterpyridine derivative and its intermediate | |
| JP2023500501A (en) | Novel transition metal catalyst | |
| JP2004196710A (en) | Ligand and asymmetric catalyst | |
| CN119912414B (en) | Method for efficiently synthesizing Maculalactone A framework based on Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reaction | |
| JP4991744B2 (en) | Production method of biphenyls | |
| JP4043050B2 (en) | Production of benzopyran compounds | |
| JP3399507B2 (en) | New palladium-oxazoline pyrazole complex | |
| JP2003300993A (en) | New zero-valent ruthenium complex and method for producing the same | |
| JP3590980B2 (en) | Optically active tertiary phosphine compound, transition metal complex having the same as ligand, and use thereof | |
| WO2007035901A2 (en) | Bifunctional catalysts for isomerization of unsaturated hydrocarbons | |
| JP2025539491A (en) | Process for preparing (Z)-3-(2-(5-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-cyanovinyl)-4-methoxybenzonitrile |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A711 | Notification of change in applicant |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A712 Effective date: 20031201 |
|
| RD02 | Notification of acceptance of power of attorney |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7422 Effective date: 20040414 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20040818 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20041013 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20041102 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20041116 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |