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JP3628087B2 - Oil concentration measurement method and apparatus - Google Patents
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JP3628087B2 - Oil concentration measurement method and apparatus - Google Patents

Oil concentration measurement method and apparatus Download PDF

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JP3628087B2
JP3628087B2 JP30503295A JP30503295A JP3628087B2 JP 3628087 B2 JP3628087 B2 JP 3628087B2 JP 30503295 A JP30503295 A JP 30503295A JP 30503295 A JP30503295 A JP 30503295A JP 3628087 B2 JP3628087 B2 JP 3628087B2
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sensor
concentration
lipid membrane
measurement
oils
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JPH09127040A (en
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悦伸 内藤
紀寛 前田
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株式会社インテリジェントセンサーテクノロジー
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、脂質膜を用いたセンサを利用して、河川の水や工業用水に含まれる金属イオン及び有機物質の濃度を測定できるようにする技術すなわち水質監視等に利用できる技術に係り、特に、有機物質の中でも鉱物油及び動植物油脂類(以後、油脂類等という)の濃度を測定する技術に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来は、例えば工業用水に含まれる油脂類等の定量を行う場合、工業用水の試験方法を規定した「JIS K 0101」の「26.ヘキサン抽出物質」の項目にある「26.2抽出法」に因っていた。
この方法は、試料をpH4以下の塩酸酸性にして、ヘキサン(n−ヘキサン)で抽出を行った後、80℃でヘキサンを揮散させて、残留する物質の質量を測定してヘキサン抽出物質を定量するというものであり、主として揮散しにくい油脂類等の定量を目的としている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
前述のヘキサン抽出法は、油脂類等のほかヘキサンに抽出された揮散しにくいものは、定量値に含まれてしまう、また、測定に手間と時間が掛かる、等の問題があった。
いろいろな測定が、リアルタイム化、エレクトロニクス化の方向に進んでいる中で、水に混入した油脂類等の測定については、まだ、それに相応しいセンサ、測定方法は見つけられていない。
この発明の目的は、短時間すなわち実用上リアルタイムで、かつ、簡単に工業用水等に含まれる油脂類等の濃度測定を行う方法及び装置を提供することである。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前述の課題を解決するため、まず第1に、従来行われている分析化学的方法に因らず、脂質膜を用いたセンサ(以後、脂質膜センサという)を利用することとし、そして第2に、脂質膜センサでの測定を可能とするため、測定対象に前処理を施すこととした。
すなわち、第1の発明は、前記測定対象に含まれる油脂類等を、測定対象中に分散させる前処理の段階と、該前処理によってエマルジョン(emulsion :乳濁液、乳状液、液体の小粒がその液体を溶解しない他の液体中に分散してできた系)となった被測定溶液に脂質膜センサを浸してその電気特性(電位、インピーダンス、等)を測定する段階とを含んでいる。
また、第2の発明は、測定対象をエマルジョン化する攪拌手段と、攪拌されてエマルジョンとなった被測定溶液を測定するための脂質膜センサと、該脂質膜センサの出力信号を受けて油脂類等の濃度に関する情報を含んだ信号を出力する信号処理手段とを備えている。
【0005】
ここで、脂質膜センサとそれを用いた測定系及び測定方法について説明する。本願発明者等は脂質膜センサが味覚センサとして有用であることに着目し、1989年以来いくつもの発明を完成させてきた(特願平1−190819号、特願平2−176584号、特願平3−020450号、特願平4−194947号、特願平5−252546号、特願平7−94359号、等)。
【0006】
その中で、特開平3−54446号公報においては、疎水性の部分と、親水性の部分とをもつ分子で成る脂質性物質を、高分子のマトリックス内に定着させ、その表面に脂質性分子の親水性部分が整列するような構造をもつ脂質性分子膜(脂質膜)が、アジ(計測可能な味または味の違い(比較または対比的な味)のセンサすなわち、人間の味覚に代わりうる味覚センサとなることを示した。
【0007】
前記脂質性分子膜の膜式図を、化学物の設計法で使われている表現方法で表わしたものが図5である。脂質性分子のうち円で示した球状部は親水基aすなわち親水性部位aであり、それから原子配列が長く延びる炭化水素の鎖構造b(例えばアルキル基)がある。図ではいずれの場合も2本の鎖が延びて一つの分子を表わしており、全体で分子群を構成している。この炭化水素の鎖の部分は、疎水性部位bである。このような脂質性分子群31が、膜部材32の表面のマトリックス33(表面の構造、平面的なひろがりをもったミクロな構造)の中に、一部はマトリックス内部に溶け込ませた形(例えば図5の31′)で収容されている。その収容のされ方は、親水性部位が表面に配列するようなものとなっている。
【0008】
この脂質性分子膜を用いて、マルチチャンネルの味覚センサとしたものが図6(a),(b) である。本図ではマルチチャンネルのアレイ電極のうち三つの感応部が示されている。
図示の例では、基材に 0.5mmφの孔を貫通して、それに銀の丸棒を差し込み電極とした。脂質性分子膜は緩衝層を介して電極に接触するように基材に張りつけている。
【0009】
前記マルチチャンネルの味覚センサを用いたアジの測定系を図7に示す。
呈味物質の水溶液を作り、それを被測定溶液11とし、ビーカーのような容器12に入れる。被測定溶液中に、前に述べたような、アクリル板(基材)上に脂質膜と電極とを配置して作った味覚センサアレイ13を入れた。使用前に、塩化カリウム 1m mole/l 水溶液で電極電位を安定化した。図中、14−1,……14−8は各々の脂質膜を黒点で示したものである。
【0010】
測定の基準となる電位を発生する電極として参照電極15を用意し、それを被測定溶液に入れる。味覚センサアレイ13と参照電極15とは所定の距離を隔てて設置する。参照電極15の表面には、緩衝層16として、塩化カリウム 100m mole/l を寒天で固化したもので覆ってあるから、結局、電極系は銀2|塩化銀4|脂質膜3(14)|被測定溶液12|緩衝層(塩化カリウム 100m mole/l )16|塩化銀4|銀2という構成となっている。
【0011】
脂質膜からの電気信号は、図では8チャンネルの信号となり、リード線17−1,……,17−8によってそれぞれバッファ増幅器19−1,……,19−8に導かれる。バッファ増幅器19の各出力は、アナログスイッチ(8チャンネル)20で選択されてA/D変換器21に加えられる。参照電極15からの電気信号もリード線18を介してA/D変換器21に加えられ、膜からの電位との差をディジタル信号に変換する。このディジタル信号はマイクロコンピュータ22で適当に処理され、またX−Yレコーダ23で表示される。
この例では、8チャンネルの味覚センサが用いられ、各チャンネルは、人間の味覚を再現できるような多くの味覚情報を得るために、それぞれ味に対して異なる応答特性を持つ表1に示す脂質性分子膜で構成されている。
【0012】
【表1】

Figure 0003628087
【0013】
また、特開平4−64053号公報においては、脂質性分子を用いた味覚センサによるアジの検出、測定を再現性よく行うために、基準液として被測定サンプル液と同一または類似のアジを呈するものを用いることとし、味覚センサを基準液に十分に浸漬することとし、味覚センサに測定ごとに同様な刺激を加えるようにし、測定時刻を表面電位の安定後であって膜内電位が緩慢に変化する時に選ぶこととして、味覚センサによる測定値の再現性を良くし、測定値のばらつきも小さくでき、アジの識別力が増加する方法を開示した。
【0014】
脂質膜センサを利用して油脂類等の濃度測定を行おうとした場合、サンプル液はエマルジョンであることが望ましい。要求される前記エマルジョン化の程度は、もちろん測定の目的、精度等によって異なる。例えば、油脂類等がその量に関係なく含まれているか否かが判定できればよいだけの測定であれば、サンプル全体が満遍なく均質となっている必要はなく、脂質膜センサを浸漬する部分だけエマルジョンであれば足りる。一方、油脂類等の含まれる割合を推定しようとすればサンプル全体が均質でなければ測定精度は悪くなる。本発明はいずれの場合にも適用できるものであり、エマルジョンといっても実際はサンプル全体が均質でなければならないという意味ではなく、少なくとも測定対象の局部がエマルジョンであればよいことを意味する。
【0015】
前述のようにサンプル液はエマルジョンであることが望ましいが、油脂類等の多くはそのままの状態ではエマルジョンとはなりにくい。このため河川の水や工業用水の油脂類等が含まれる割合すなわち濃度を測定する場合、何らかの処理をしてエマルジョン化することが必要となる。
油脂類等を水に溶解させるためには、衣類の洗濯や食器洗い等で知られているように、界面活性剤を加える方法がある。しかし、油脂類等の分子の周りに界面活性剤の分子が配位すると、周りの界面活性剤の分子に脂質膜センサが応答してしまい、界面活性剤の濃度特性は得られても油脂類等の濃度特性が得られない結果になることが予想された。また、界面活性剤が脂質膜センサの膜表面に吸着すること、あるいは膜内の脂質を溶出させてしまうことなどが考えられ、センサの寿命にも悪影響を与えることが予想された。
【0016】
前述のような予想ではあったが、発明者等は次のような考えをもった。
古来、水と油とは、犬と猿との仲と並べて、互いに融和しにくいものの比喩とされてきている。しかし、例えば超音波振動下ではある時間、互いに溶け合うことが知られているし、食品、例えばサラダのドレッシングのように、水と油の混じり具合が味覚に微妙な変化をもたらしていること、また、マヨネーズ作りの成功、不成功の場合のように、卵黄とサラダオイルとがうまく混合したり、しなかったりすること等は日常経験するところである。
油と油の混合、油と脂肪の混合も多様なものとされる。温度の変化をパラメータとするとその多様性は一層複雑なものとなる。
そこで、本願発明者等は脂質膜センサと水に含まれる油脂類等との相互作用について後に述べるような実験を行い、界面活性剤で処理することにより、油脂類が混入した水の油脂類の濃度が測定できることを発見した。
また、油脂類等の種類や工業用水等への混入の量によっては、界面活性剤を用いなくても、例えば超音波等で攪拌することで測定ができる場合もある。
本願発明は、前記発見に基づくものである。
【0017】
【発明の実施の形態】
油脂類等の混入の仕方によっては、検出できない場合もあるので、確実に検出・測定するために前処理を行う。特に、濃度測定では前処理をする必要がある。前処理は測定対象に油脂類等を溶かし込めばよいのであるから、いろいろな方法があろうが、主なものは攪拌及び乳化剤として界面活性剤を添加しての攪拌であろう。ここでは、実施の形態として、界面活性剤を添加して攪拌するものと超音波を加えて攪拌するものとを挙げる。
【0018】
図1は第1の発明である油脂濃度測定方法の第一の実施の形態のフローチャートである。図1に基づいて第1の発明である油脂濃度測定方法の第一の実施の形態を説明する。
(1) 準備段階
▲1▼ 基準液(基準溶液)の準備
測定対象に加える界面活性剤と同種の界面活性剤を、純水に被測定溶液と同濃度となるように加えた水溶液(基準溶液)を用意する。ここで、基準溶液は純水に、脂質膜センサの出力を安定させるため、例えば10mmol/lのKClを加えただけのものでもよい。この場合は、被測定溶液にも同じく10mmol/lのKClを加える。
▲2▼ 基準液に脂質膜センサをほぼ10時間浸漬する。
【0019】
(2) 測定
2−1.前処理
採取した河川の水や工業用水等の測定対象に界面活性剤を加える。
界面活性剤には、陰イオン界面活性剤(高級アルコール硫酸エステル類、脂肪酸硫酸エステル類及びスルホン酸形陰イオン界面活性剤など)、非イオン界面活性剤、セッケン、等がある。加える量は、例えば、溶液に界面活性剤を入れ撹拌後静置しても油脂類が分離しなくなる量である。測定によっては、予め決めた所定の量を加える場合もある。
2−2.脂質膜センサによる測定
▲1▼ 基準液(洗浄用)へ脂質膜センサの出し入れを10回行う。基準液(洗浄用)で洗浄するといってもよいし、基準液に断続的に浸漬するといってもよいし、脂質膜センサの脂質膜の表面に刺激を与えるということもできる。
▲2▼ 基準液で測定用として用意したものに浸漬し、約20秒後に脂質膜センサの電位を測定し、測定値をV0 とする。
▲3▼ 手順▲1▼、▲2▼を2回以上繰り返し、測定ごとに今回の測定値V0 と前回の測定値V0 の差が所定の値以下かどうかを判断し、所定の値以下(つまりV0 が安定したら)であれば手順▲4▼へ進む。
▲4▼ 脂質膜センサを基準液(測定用)から出して、サンプル液(洗浄用)で洗浄する。(前記▲1▼と同様に10回出し入れをする。)
▲5▼ サンプル液(測定用)に脂質膜センサを浸漬し、約20秒後に脂質膜センサの電位Vs を測定する。
▲6▼ 測定の手順▲1▼に戻り手順▲1▼〜▲5▼を繰り返す。所定の回数繰り返したら手順を終わる。
【0020】
油脂濃度を算出する方法は以下の3つが考えられる。
(1)エマルジョン化されたサンプルのセンサの電位から設定範囲を越えたかどうかを判定して、異常検知を行う。マルチチャネルのセンサの方が情報も多く判定の精度が向上する。油脂濃度を算出する訳ではないが、利用価値は十分ある。
【0021】
(2)エマルジョン化されたサンプルのマルチチャネルのセンサの電位から多変量解析やパターン認識をもちいて油脂濃度を算出する方法。
センサが感度を持つ物質で油脂以外に変動する物質に対しても、油脂と同様にセンサ感度を事前に測っておく。これらの感度よりセンサの動作モデル式を作り、その式より逆変換式(つまりそれら物質の濃度を算出する式)を求めておく(ただし、必要なのは、油脂濃度算出する式のみである)。サンプルのセンサ出力をこの式に入れて、油脂濃度を推定する。校正は、上記各物質に対するセンサ感度を求め、逆変換の式を変更する。
【0022】
(3)エマルジョン化していないサンプルとエマルジョン化されたサンプルの両方のセンサ電位の差より油脂濃度を算出する方法。
エマルジョン化したサンプルのセンサ電位(Vse)とエマルジョン化しないサンプルのセンサ電位(Vs)の差(Vse−Vs)は、エマルジョン化により溶けた油脂量の影響とエマルジョン処理の影響(例えば、エマルジョン化に洗剤を用いれば、洗剤に対するセンサ感度)より成り立っている。サンプルがある範囲に絞れば、エマルジョン処理の影響は一定とみなされるので、上記電位の差はエマルジョン化により溶けた油脂量を反映している。
【0023】
エマルジョン処理の影響は、油脂を全く含まないサンプルs0 において、エマルジョン処理を行ったサンプルの電位(Vs0 e)とエマルジョン処理を行っていないサンプルの電位(Vs0 )の差(Vs0 e−Vs0 )より求められる。上記サンプルのエマルジョン化処理を施したものと施さないものとの差から油脂を含まないサンプルs0 のエマルジョン化処理を施したものと施さないものとの差を引けば、油脂の濃度の影響のみが算出できる。油脂濃度をCとすると、下記の式ができる。
C=K((Vse−Vs)−(Vs0 e−Vs0 )) ………(1)
ここで、Kは定数である。
また、油脂濃度の単位に合わせるために、油脂濃度でl単位の油脂を、油脂を全く含まないサンプルに添加したサンプルslの測定値を式1に入れて定数Kを決定する。
K=L/((Vsle−Vsl)−(Vs0 e−Vs0 )) ………(2)
つまり、式1、式2を計算することで油脂濃度が算出できる。式1は1次式であるが、単調増加関数であれば良い。センサと濃度の関係より2次式や指数関数も有り得る。また、上記の測定方法の中で、基準液を直接サンプルに置き換えて(特別の基準液を用意せずに)、そのサンプルの電位とエマルジョン化したサンプルの電位を測っても良い。
【0024】
界面活性剤を使用すると、溶液に溶解する油脂類等の量が、単に攪拌するだけより多くなること、また、エマルジョン状態が安定するので測定に有利である。このことは、別な見方をすれば、攪拌に要する時間が少なくて済むということである。
【0025】
図2は第1の発明である油脂濃度測定方法の第二の実施の形態のフローチャートである。第二の実施の形態では、前処理で超音波による攪拌を行う。第一の実施の形態とは前処理の方法が異なり、他は同じであるので、前処理の段階についてだけ説明する。
印加する超音波の強さ、印加する時間、等は測定対象により異なり、一概にはいえない。油脂類等が分離していないかどうかは目視で確認するほかなく、また、この方法の場合は、超音波の印加を止めてから時間がたつにつれて徐々に油脂類等の分離が進む。
【0026】
図3は第2の発明である油脂濃度測定装置の第一の実施の形態の構成図である。図3に基づいて第2の発明の第一の実施の形態を説明する。
第一の実施の形態の装置は、脂質膜センサ41、信号処理手段42、界面活性剤供給手段43、撹拌手段44及制御手段45からなる。脂質膜センサ41より膜の電気特性を出力し、その出力を信号処理手段42で受ける。信号処理手段42では、脂質膜センサ41の出力を安定に取り出すために、インピーダンス変換等の処理を行い、かつ上記油脂濃度の計算を行う。被測定溶液11は、界面活性剤供給手段43と撹拌手段44によりエマルジョン化処理がなされる。制御手段45は、脂質膜センサ41、信号処理手段42、界面活性剤供給手段43及び撹拌手段44を制御する。例えば、脂質膜センサ41や信号処理手段42を制御して、前記測定方法に記載の手順になるようにする。また、界面活性剤供給手段43や撹拌手段44を制御してエマルジョン化処理の有無や程度を制御する。図3では、サンプルをバッチ式で測定する装置を表しているが、当然オンラインの場合はフロー式も考えられる。この場合、エマルジョン化処理は脂質膜センサ41を浸漬するところ(セル)とは別のところ(セル)で行われ、エマルジョン化されたサンプルはフローで脂質膜センサ41のところ(セル)へ送られて測定される。
【0027】
測定対象の状態が、油脂類等の混入に関して状態の変化があるだけで、他の物質に関して混入量に違いがなければ、脂質膜センサ41は1チャンネル(ch)でも足りるし、信号処理手段42は脂質膜センサの出力を受けてそのまま外部に出力することで済む場合もある。他の物質に関しても状態が変化するのであれば、複数の応答の異なる脂質膜センサを用いて、油脂類等の混入に関する情報のみを抽出する必要がある。
【0028】
図4は第2の発明である油脂濃度測定装置の第二の実施の形態の構成図である。第2の発明の第一の実施の形態とは、界面活性剤供給手段43がない点で異なる。測定対象のエマルジョン化を例えば超音波による攪拌のみで行う例である。
【0029】
【実施例】
実施例として、発明者等の行った実験について説明する。この実験は、発明の実施の形態の欄で説明した第1の発明の第一の実施の形態に含まれるものである。
(1) 準備段階
▲1▼ 使用した脂質膜センサは7チャンネル(ch)で、各chの脂質の種類は、表2に示す。
【0030】
【表2】
Figure 0003628087
【0031】
▲2▼ 測定対象用に河川の水を採取して使用し、混入する油脂類等として鉱物油を使用した。
▲3▼ 界面活性剤は直鎖アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウムを使用した。
▲4▼ 純水に10mmol/lのKClを加え、これを基準液とした。
▲5▼ 測定対象は、前記基準液と同じ液に鉱物油をそれぞれ0.1ppm,1.0ppm,10.0ppm添加した3種類の液である。
▲6▼ 測定系は課題を解決するための手段の欄で説明した測定系とほぼ同じである。
▲7▼ 基準液に脂質膜センサをほぼ10時間浸漬する。
【0032】
(2) 測定
2−1.前処理
前記3種類の液を2グループ用意し、一方のグループの3種類の液それぞれには直鎖アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウムを1ppm、他方のグループの3種類の液それぞれには10ppm加えてよく攪拌した。こうして得られた計6種類の液をサンプル液とした。
【0033】
2−2.脂質膜センサによる測定
▲1▼ 基準液(洗浄用)へ脂質膜センサの出し入れを10回行う。基準液(洗浄用)で洗浄するといってもよいし、基準液に断続的に浸漬するといってもよいし、脂質膜センサの脂質膜の表面に刺激を与えるということもできる。
▲2▼ 基準液で測定用として用意したものに浸漬し、約20秒後に脂質膜センサの電位を測定し、測定値をV0 とする。
▲3▼ 手順▲1▼、▲2▼を2回以上繰り返し、測定ごとに今回の測定値V0 と前回の測定値V0 の差が所定の値以下かどうかを判断し、所定の値以下(つまりV0 が安定したら)であれば手順▲4▼へ進む。
▲4▼ 脂質膜センサを基準液(測定用)から出して、サンプル液(洗浄用)で洗浄する。(前記▲1▼と同様に10回出し入れをする。)
▲5▼ サンプル液(測定用)に脂質膜センサを浸漬し、約20秒後に脂質膜センサの電位Vs を測定する。
▲6▼ 測定の手順▲1▼に戻り手順▲1▼〜▲5▼を繰り返す。3回繰り返して手順を終わる。
【0034】
このようにして得られた結果を表3及び表4に示す。
表3は界面活性剤が1ppmの場合の結果、表4は界面活性剤が10ppmの場合の結果である。
【0035】
【表3】
Figure 0003628087
【0036】
【表4】
Figure 0003628087
【0037】
図8〜14は表3の各chについて、また、図15〜21は表4の各chについて、鉱物油の濃度とセンサ出力との関係示す図である。横軸は鉱物油の濃度を対数で示し、単位はppmである。また、縦軸は脂質膜センサの出力を示し単位はmVである。
これらの図から、界面活性剤の入った溶液中でも鉱物油の濃度に応じて異なる値を出力する脂質膜センサがあり、濃度の測定が可能であることが分かる。
また、どのch、すなわちどの脂質膜が鉱物油の濃度に応じた応答をするかとか、各chの感度の違い、等が分かる。
4ch(図11及び図18参照)を除く各chで濃度特性が得られている。
また、2,3,5chでは界面活性剤が1ppmのときと10ppmのときとでは鉱物油の濃度に対する出力パターンが異なり、10ppmのときは出力が単調増加していない(図9と図16、図10と図17、及び図12と図19参照)。このことから、本発明の濃度測定方法を用いて測定対象がある濃度以上になったらアラームを出すというような場合、出力を単調増加(または単調減少)にするために、測定対象に応じて界面活性剤の添加量を決める必要がある。
【0038】
図22は前述の表3,表4の測定値を基に主成分分析した結果を示す図である。分析には表3,表4の測定値全てを用いている。
この図から、鉱物油の濃度変化及び界面活性剤の濃度変化がそれぞれ異なる軸方向で得られていることが分かる。このことから、界面活性剤の添加によって、鉱物油の濃度測定が妨害されることはないこと、鉱物油、界面活性剤それぞれの濃度測定が可能であることが分かる。
【0039】
【発明の効果】
この発明によれば、従来行われている分析化学的方法に因らず、脂質膜センサを利用することとし、脂質膜センサでの測定を可能とするため、測定対象に前処理を施すこととしたから、短時間すなわち実用上リアルタイムで、かつ、簡単に工業用水等に含まれる鉱物油及び動植物油脂類の濃度測定を行うことができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】第1の発明である油脂濃度測定方法の第一の実施の形態のフローチャート。
【図2】第1の発明である油脂濃度測定方法の第二の実施の形態のフローチャート。
【図3】第2の発明である油脂濃度測定装置の第一の実施の形態の構成図。
【図4】第2の発明である油脂濃度測定装置の第二の実施の形態の構成図。
【図5】単分子膜を化学物の設計法で使われている表現方法で表わした模式図。
【図6】味覚センサの模式図であり、図6(a) は、正面図、図6(b) は断面図。
【図7】アジの測定系を示す図。
【図8】界面活性剤1ppmを加えた場合の、油脂の濃度と脂質膜センサ第1chの出力との関係を示すブラフ。
【図9】界面活性剤1ppmを加えた場合の、油脂の濃度と脂質膜センサ第2chの出力との関係を示すブラフ。
【図10】界面活性剤1ppmを加えた場合の、油脂の濃度と脂質膜センサ第3chの出力との関係を示すブラフ。
【図11】界面活性剤1ppmを加えた場合の、油脂の濃度と脂質膜センサ第4chの出力との関係を示すブラフ。
【図12】界面活性剤1ppmを加えた場合の、油脂の濃度と脂質膜センサ第5chの出力との関係を示すブラフ。
【図13】界面活性剤1ppmを加えた場合の、油脂の濃度と脂質膜センサ第6chの出力との関係を示すブラフ。
【図14】界面活性剤1ppmを加えた場合の、油脂の濃度と脂質膜センサ第7chの出力との関係を示すブラフ。
【図15】界面活性剤10ppmを加えた場合の、油脂の濃度と脂質膜センサ第1chの出力との関係を示すブラフ。
【図16】界面活性剤10ppmを加えた場合の、油脂の濃度と脂質膜センサ第2chの出力との関係を示すブラフ。
【図17】界面活性剤10ppmを加えた場合の、油脂の濃度と脂質膜センサ第3chの出力との関係を示すブラフ。
【図18】界面活性剤10ppmを加えた場合の、油脂の濃度と脂質膜センサ第4chの出力との関係を示すブラフ。
【図19】界面活性剤10ppmを加えた場合の、油脂の濃度と脂質膜センサ第5chの出力との関係を示すブラフ。
【図20】界面活性剤10ppmを加えた場合の、油脂の濃度と脂質膜センサ第6chの出力との関係を示すブラフ。
【図21】界面活性剤10ppmを加えた場合の、油脂の濃度と脂質膜センサ第7chの出力との関係を示すブラフ。
【図22】実験により得られた測定値を基に主成分分析した結果を示す図。
【符号の説明】
1 基材
2 電極
3 脂質膜
4 緩衝層
5 リード線
10 膜電位の測定系の基本構成
11 被測定溶液
12 容器
13 味覚センサアレイ
14−1〜14−8 各々の脂質膜(黒点で示す)
15 参照電極
16 緩衝層
17−1〜17−8 リード線
18 リード線
19−1〜19−8 バッファ増幅器
20 アナログスイッチ
21 A/D変換器
22 マイクロコンピュータ
23 X−Yレコーダ
24 接地電位
31,31′ 脂質性分子群
32 膜部材
33 マトリックス
41 脂質膜センサ
42 信号処理手段
43 界面活性剤供給手段
44 攪拌手段
45 制御手段[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a technique that can measure the concentration of metal ions and organic substances contained in river water or industrial water using a sensor using a lipid membrane, that is, a technique that can be used for water quality monitoring, etc. Further, the present invention relates to a technique for measuring the concentration of mineral oils and animal and vegetable oils (hereinafter referred to as oils and fats) among organic substances.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, for example, when quantifying fats and oils contained in industrial water, the “26.2 extraction method” in the “26. Hexane Extracted Substance” item of “JIS K 0101” that defines the test method for industrial water. It was due to.
In this method, the sample is acidified with hydrochloric acid having a pH of 4 or less, extracted with hexane (n-hexane), volatilized at 80 ° C., and the mass of the remaining material is measured to quantify the hexane extract. It is intended to quantify fats and oils that are difficult to volatilize.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The above-mentioned hexane extraction method has problems such as oils and fats and the like that are not easily volatilized and extracted into hexane are included in the quantitative value, and the measurement takes time and effort.
While various measurements are progressing toward real-time and electronics, no suitable sensor or measurement method has been found for the measurement of oils and fats mixed in water.
An object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for measuring the concentration of fats and oils contained in industrial water or the like in a short time, that is, practically in real time and simply.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-described problems, firstly, a sensor using a lipid membrane (hereinafter referred to as a lipid membrane sensor) is used regardless of a conventional analytical chemistry method. In addition, in order to enable measurement with a lipid membrane sensor, the measurement object was pretreated.
That is, the first invention is a pretreatment stage in which the fats and oils contained in the measurement object are dispersed in the measurement object, and emulsion (emulsion: emulsion, milky liquid, liquid granules) is obtained by the pretreatment. A step of immersing the lipid membrane sensor in a solution to be measured, which is a system formed by dispersing the liquid in another liquid that does not dissolve the liquid, and measuring its electrical characteristics (potential, impedance, etc.).
Further, the second invention provides a stirring means for emulsifying a measurement object, a lipid membrane sensor for measuring a solution to be measured which has been stirred to become an emulsion, and fats and oils upon receipt of an output signal of the lipid membrane sensor And a signal processing means for outputting a signal including information on the density.
[0005]
Here, a lipid membrane sensor, a measurement system using the same, and a measurement method will be described. The inventors of the present application have paid attention to the fact that lipid membrane sensors are useful as taste sensors, and have completed a number of inventions since 1989 (Japanese Patent Application Nos. 1-190819, 2-176484, No. 3-020450, No. 4-194947, No. 5-252546, No. 7-94359, etc.).
[0006]
Among them, in JP-A-3-54446, a lipid substance composed of a molecule having a hydrophobic portion and a hydrophilic portion is fixed in a polymer matrix, and the lipid molecule is formed on the surface thereof. Lipid molecular membranes (lipid membranes) that are structured so that the hydrophilic parts of the arsenal are aligned can replace the sensory sensor for aji (measurable taste or taste difference (comparative or contrasting taste)), ie human taste It was shown to be a taste sensor.
[0007]
FIG. 5 shows the expression diagram of the lipidic molecular membrane expressed by the expression method used in the chemical design method. A spherical portion indicated by a circle in the lipid molecule is a hydrophilic group a, that is, a hydrophilic site a, and has a hydrocarbon chain structure b (for example, an alkyl group) from which the atomic arrangement extends. In each of the figures, two chains extend to represent one molecule, and constitute a molecular group as a whole. This hydrocarbon chain part is a hydrophobic part b. Such a lipid molecule group 31 is partly dissolved in the matrix 33 (surface structure, micro structure having a planar expansion) on the surface of the membrane member 32 (for example, It is accommodated at 31 ') in FIG. The accommodation method is such that hydrophilic portions are arranged on the surface.
[0008]
FIGS. 6A and 6B show a multi-channel taste sensor using this lipid molecular film. In this figure, three sensitive portions of the multi-channel array electrode are shown.
In the example shown in the figure, a 0.5 mmφ hole was passed through the base material, and a silver round bar was used as an insertion electrode. The lipid molecular film is attached to the substrate so as to be in contact with the electrode through the buffer layer.
[0009]
A horse mackerel measurement system using the multi-channel taste sensor is shown in FIG.
An aqueous solution of a taste substance is prepared, which is used as a solution to be measured 11 and placed in a container 12 such as a beaker. In the solution to be measured, a taste sensor array 13 made by arranging a lipid film and an electrode on an acrylic plate (base material) as described above was placed. Before use, the electrode potential was stabilized with an aqueous solution of potassium chloride 1 mMole / l. In the figure, 14-1,..., 14-8 indicate the respective lipid membranes with black dots.
[0010]
A reference electrode 15 is prepared as an electrode for generating a potential serving as a measurement reference, and is put in a solution to be measured. The taste sensor array 13 and the reference electrode 15 are installed with a predetermined distance therebetween. Since the surface of the reference electrode 15 is covered with a buffer layer 16 of potassium chloride 100 mMole / l solidified with agar, the electrode system is eventually silver 2 | silver chloride 4 | lipid membrane 3 (14) | Solution to be measured 12 | buffer layer (potassium chloride 100m mole / l) 16 | silver chloride 4 | silver 2
[0011]
The electrical signal from the lipid membrane is an 8-channel signal in the figure, and is led to the buffer amplifiers 19-1,..., 19-8 by lead wires 17-1,. Each output of the buffer amplifier 19 is selected by an analog switch (8 channels) 20 and applied to an A / D converter 21. An electrical signal from the reference electrode 15 is also applied to the A / D converter 21 via the lead wire 18 to convert the difference from the potential from the membrane into a digital signal. This digital signal is appropriately processed by the microcomputer 22 and displayed on the XY recorder 23.
In this example, an 8-channel taste sensor is used, and each channel has lipid characteristics shown in Table 1 having different response characteristics with respect to taste in order to obtain a lot of taste information that can reproduce human taste. It is composed of molecular films.
[0012]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003628087
[0013]
Further, in JP-A-4-64053, in order to detect and measure aji with a taste sensor using lipid molecules with good reproducibility, the reference solution exhibits the same or similar aji as the sample liquid to be measured. The taste sensor should be sufficiently immersed in the reference solution, the same stimulus should be applied to the taste sensor for each measurement, and the measurement time should be after the surface potential has stabilized and the intramembrane potential slowly changed. The method of improving the reproducibility of the measurement value by the taste sensor, reducing the variation of the measurement value, and increasing the discriminating power of horse mackerel has been disclosed.
[0014]
When the concentration of oils and fats is measured using a lipid membrane sensor, the sample liquid is preferably an emulsion. Of course, the required degree of emulsification varies depending on the purpose and accuracy of measurement. For example, if it is only necessary to be able to determine whether oils and fats are included regardless of the amount, the entire sample does not have to be uniformly homogeneous, and only the part where the lipid membrane sensor is immersed is an emulsion. If it is enough. On the other hand, if an attempt is made to estimate the ratio of fats and oils, the measurement accuracy will be poor unless the entire sample is homogeneous. The present invention can be applied to both cases, and an emulsion does not mean that the entire sample must actually be homogeneous, but it means that at least a local area to be measured may be an emulsion.
[0015]
As described above, it is desirable that the sample liquid is an emulsion, but many of the fats and oils are difficult to become an emulsion as they are. For this reason, when measuring the ratio, ie density | concentration in which the water of river water, industrial water fats, etc. are measured, it is necessary to emulsify by carrying out a certain process.
In order to dissolve oils and fats in water, there is a method of adding a surfactant, as is known in clothes washing and dishwashing. However, when a surfactant molecule is coordinated around a molecule such as an oil or fat, the lipid membrane sensor responds to the surrounding surfactant molecule, and even if the concentration characteristics of the surfactant are obtained, the fat and oil It was expected that the concentration characteristics such as could not be obtained. In addition, the surfactant may be adsorbed on the membrane surface of the lipid membrane sensor, or the lipid in the membrane may be eluted, and it was expected to adversely affect the lifetime of the sensor.
[0016]
Although the above prediction was made, the inventors had the following idea.
Since ancient times, water and oil have been regarded as metaphors for things that are difficult to reconcile with each other alongside the relationship between dogs and monkeys. However, for example, it is known to melt together for some time under ultrasonic vibration, and the mixing of water and oil, like food dressings such as salads, has caused subtle changes in taste. As in the case of the success or failure of making mayonnaise, it is a daily experience that the yolk and salad oil are mixed well or not.
Mixing oils and oils and oils and fats are also diverse. If the change in temperature is a parameter, the diversity becomes even more complicated.
Therefore, the inventors of the present application conducted an experiment as described later on the interaction between the lipid membrane sensor and the fats and oils contained in the water, and by treating with the surfactant, the fats and oils of the water mixed with the fats and oils were treated. Found that concentration can be measured.
Further, depending on the type of fats and oils and the amount mixed into industrial water or the like, measurement may be possible by stirring with, for example, ultrasonic waves without using a surfactant.
The present invention is based on the above discovery.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Depending on how oils and fats are mixed, detection may not be possible, so pre-processing is performed to ensure detection and measurement. In particular, the concentration measurement needs to be pre-processed. The pretreatment may be carried out by dissolving oils and fats in the measurement object, so there are various methods, but the main one is stirring and stirring with a surfactant added as an emulsifier. Here, as an embodiment, a case where a surfactant is added and stirred and a case where an ultrasonic wave is added and stirred are given.
[0018]
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a first embodiment of a method for measuring fat and oil concentration according to the first invention. A first embodiment of the oil and fat concentration measuring method according to the first invention will be described with reference to FIG.
(1) Preparation stage
(1) Preparation of reference solution (reference solution)
An aqueous solution (reference solution) is prepared by adding a surfactant of the same type as the surfactant to be measured to pure water to the same concentration as the solution to be measured. Here, the reference solution may be simply pure water added with, for example, 10 mmol / l KCl in order to stabilize the output of the lipid membrane sensor. In this case, 10 mmol / l KCl is also added to the solution to be measured.
(2) Immerse the lipid membrane sensor in the reference solution for approximately 10 hours.
[0019]
(2) Measurement
2-1. Preprocessing
A surfactant is added to the measurement target such as collected river water and industrial water.
Surfactants include anionic surfactants (such as higher alcohol sulfates, fatty acid sulfates and sulfonic acid type anionic surfactants), nonionic surfactants, soaps, and the like. The amount to be added is, for example, such an amount that oils and fats are not separated even if a surfactant is added to the solution and left standing after stirring. Depending on the measurement, a predetermined amount determined in advance may be added.
2-2. Measurement with lipid membrane sensor
(1) Put the lipid membrane sensor in and out of the reference solution (for washing) 10 times. It may be said that it is washed with a reference solution (for washing), may be immersed intermittently in the reference solution, or may be stimulated on the surface of the lipid membrane of the lipid membrane sensor.
(2) Immerse in a reference solution prepared for measurement, measure the potential of the lipid membrane sensor after about 20 seconds, and set the measured value to V0.
(3) Repeat steps (1) and (2) two or more times, and for each measurement, determine whether the difference between the current measured value V0 and the previous measured value V0 is less than a predetermined value. If V0 becomes stable), go to step (4).
(4) Remove the lipid membrane sensor from the reference solution (for measurement) and wash it with the sample solution (for washing). (Removes and inserts 10 times in the same manner as (1) above.)
(5) The lipid membrane sensor is immersed in the sample solution (for measurement), and after about 20 seconds, the potential Vs of the lipid membrane sensor is measured.
(6) Return to measurement procedure (1) and repeat steps (1) to (5). The procedure ends when it is repeated a predetermined number of times.
[0020]
The following three methods can be considered for calculating the fat and oil concentration.
(1) An abnormality is detected by determining whether or not the set range has been exceeded from the sensor potential of the emulsified sample. The multi-channel sensor has more information and the determination accuracy is improved. Although the fat and oil concentration is not calculated, the utility value is sufficient.
[0021]
(2) A method of calculating the fat and oil concentration from the potential of the multi-channel sensor of the emulsified sample using multivariate analysis and pattern recognition.
The sensor sensitivity is also measured in advance in the same manner as for oils and fats even for substances that have a sensor sensitivity and change in addition to oils and fats. Based on these sensitivities, a sensor operation model expression is created, and an inverse conversion expression (that is, an expression for calculating the concentration of these substances) is obtained from the expression (however, only an expression for calculating the fat and oil concentration is required). Put the sample sensor output into this equation to estimate the fat concentration. In calibration, the sensor sensitivity for each of the above substances is obtained, and the inverse transformation formula is changed.
[0022]
(3) A method of calculating the fat and oil concentration from the difference in sensor potential between the non-emulsified sample and the emulsified sample.
The difference between the sensor potential (Vse) of the emulsified sample and the sensor potential (Vs) of the non-emulsified sample (Vse−Vs) is the effect of the amount of fat and oil dissolved by the emulsification and the effect of the emulsion treatment (for example, If detergent is used, it is composed of sensor sensitivity to detergent. If the sample is narrowed down to a certain range, the effect of the emulsion treatment is considered to be constant, so the potential difference reflects the amount of fat dissolved by emulsification.
[0023]
The influence of the emulsion treatment is obtained from the difference (Vs0 e−Vs0) between the potential (Vs0 e) of the sample subjected to the emulsion treatment and the potential (Vs0) of the sample not subjected to the emulsion treatment in the sample s0 containing no oil or fat. It is done. If the difference between the sample with and without emulsification is subtracted from the sample with and without emulsification, the difference between the sample with and without emulsification is only the effect of the fat and oil concentration. It can be calculated. If the oil and fat concentration is C, the following formula can be obtained.
C = K ((Vse−Vs) − (Vs0 e−Vs0)) (1)
Here, K is a constant.
In addition, in order to match the unit of fat and oil concentration, the constant K is determined by putting the measured value of the sample sl added to a sample containing no fats and oils with a fat concentration of 1 unit of fat and oil in Equation 1.
K = L / ((Vsle−Vsl) − (Vs0 e−Vs0)) (2)
That is, the fat and oil concentration can be calculated by calculating Equations 1 and 2. Expression 1 is a linear expression, but may be a monotonically increasing function. A quadratic expression or an exponential function can also exist depending on the relationship between the sensor and concentration. In the above measurement method, the reference solution may be directly replaced with the sample (without preparing a special reference solution), and the potential of the sample and the potential of the emulsified sample may be measured.
[0024]
When a surfactant is used, the amount of fats and oils dissolved in the solution is more than simply stirring, and the emulsion state is stable, which is advantageous for measurement. From another viewpoint, this means that less time is required for stirring.
[0025]
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the second embodiment of the method for measuring oil concentration according to the first invention. In the second embodiment, ultrasonic stirring is performed in the pretreatment. Since the pre-processing method is different from the first embodiment, and the others are the same, only the pre-processing stage will be described.
The intensity of ultrasonic waves to be applied, the time to be applied, etc. vary depending on the object to be measured, and cannot be generally described. Whether or not the fats and oils etc. are separated can only be confirmed visually, and in this method, the separation of the fats and oils and the like gradually proceeds as time passes after the application of ultrasonic waves is stopped.
[0026]
FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of the first embodiment of the oil and fat concentration measuring apparatus according to the second invention. A first embodiment of the second invention will be described with reference to FIG.
The apparatus of the first embodiment includes a lipid membrane sensor 41, a signal processing means 42, a surfactant supply means 43, an agitation means 44 and a control means 45. The electrical characteristics of the membrane are output from the lipid membrane sensor 41, and the output is received by the signal processing means 42. The signal processing means 42 performs processing such as impedance conversion in order to stably extract the output of the lipid membrane sensor 41, and calculates the fat concentration. The solution to be measured 11 is emulsified by the surfactant supply means 43 and the stirring means 44. The control unit 45 controls the lipid membrane sensor 41, the signal processing unit 42, the surfactant supply unit 43, and the stirring unit 44. For example, the lipid membrane sensor 41 and the signal processing means 42 are controlled so as to follow the procedure described in the measurement method. Further, the presence / absence and degree of the emulsification treatment are controlled by controlling the surfactant supply means 43 and the stirring means 44. Although FIG. 3 shows an apparatus for measuring samples in a batch system, naturally, a flow system is also conceivable when online. In this case, the emulsification treatment is performed in a place (cell) different from the place where the lipid membrane sensor 41 is immersed (cell), and the emulsified sample is sent to the lipid membrane sensor 41 (cell) by flow. Measured.
[0027]
If the state of the measurement target is only a change in the state of contamination with oils and fats and the like, and there is no difference in the amount of contamination with respect to other substances, the lipid membrane sensor 41 may be one channel (ch), and the signal processing means 42 In some cases, the output of the lipid membrane sensor can be received and output directly to the outside. If the state of other substances also changes, it is necessary to extract only information related to contamination of fats and oils using a plurality of lipid membrane sensors with different responses.
[0028]
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the second embodiment of the oil and fat concentration measuring apparatus according to the second invention. It differs from the first embodiment of the second invention in that the surfactant supply means 43 is not provided. In this example, the measurement target is emulsified only by stirring with ultrasonic waves, for example.
[0029]
【Example】
As an example, an experiment conducted by the inventors will be described. This experiment is included in the first embodiment of the first invention described in the section of the embodiment of the invention.
(1) Preparation stage
(1) The lipid membrane sensor used has 7 channels (ch), and the types of lipids in each channel are shown in Table 2.
[0030]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003628087
[0031]
{Circle around (2)} River water was collected and used for measurement objects, and mineral oil was used as fats and oils to be mixed.
(3) A linear sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate was used as the surfactant.
(4) 10 mmol / l KCl was added to pure water, and this was used as a reference solution.
{Circle around (5)} The measurement objects are three types of liquids obtained by adding 0.1 ppm, 1.0 ppm, and 10.0 ppm of mineral oil to the same liquid as the reference liquid.
(6) The measurement system is almost the same as the measurement system described in the column of means for solving the problem.
(7) Immerse the lipid membrane sensor in the reference solution for approximately 10 hours.
[0032]
(2) Measurement
2-1. Preprocessing
Two groups of the three kinds of liquids were prepared, and 1 ppm of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate was added to each of the three kinds of liquids in one group, and 10 ppm was added to each of the three kinds of liquids in the other group, and the mixture was stirred well. A total of six types of liquids thus obtained were used as sample liquids.
[0033]
2-2. Measurement with lipid membrane sensor
(1) Put the lipid membrane sensor in and out of the reference solution (for washing) 10 times. It may be said that it is washed with a reference solution (for washing), may be immersed intermittently in the reference solution, or may be stimulated on the surface of the lipid membrane of the lipid membrane sensor.
(2) Immerse in a reference solution prepared for measurement, measure the potential of the lipid membrane sensor after about 20 seconds, and set the measured value to V0.
(3) Repeat steps (1) and (2) two or more times, and for each measurement, determine whether the difference between the current measured value V0 and the previous measured value V0 is less than a predetermined value. If V0 becomes stable), go to step (4).
(4) Remove the lipid membrane sensor from the reference solution (for measurement) and wash it with the sample solution (for washing). (Removes and inserts 10 times in the same manner as (1) above.)
(5) The lipid membrane sensor is immersed in the sample solution (for measurement), and after about 20 seconds, the potential Vs of the lipid membrane sensor is measured.
(6) Return to measurement procedure (1) and repeat steps (1) to (5). Repeat three times to complete the procedure.
[0034]
The results thus obtained are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
Table 3 shows the results when the surfactant is 1 ppm, and Table 4 shows the results when the surfactant is 10 ppm.
[0035]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003628087
[0036]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003628087
[0037]
8 to 14 are diagrams showing the relationship between the mineral oil concentration and the sensor output for each ch of Table 3, and FIGS. The horizontal axis indicates the concentration of mineral oil in logarithm, and the unit is ppm. The vertical axis indicates the output of the lipid membrane sensor, and the unit is mV.
From these figures, it can be seen that there is a lipid membrane sensor that outputs different values depending on the concentration of mineral oil even in a solution containing a surfactant, and the concentration can be measured.
In addition, it can be understood which channel, that is, which lipid membrane responds according to the concentration of mineral oil, the difference in sensitivity of each channel, and the like.
A density characteristic is obtained for each channel except for 4 channels (see FIGS. 11 and 18).
In 2, 3 and 5ch, the output pattern with respect to the concentration of the mineral oil is different when the surfactant is 1 ppm and when the surfactant is 10 ppm, and when it is 10 ppm, the output does not increase monotonously (FIGS. 9 and 16, FIG. 10 and 17 and FIGS. 12 and 19). Therefore, when using the concentration measurement method of the present invention to issue an alarm when the measurement target exceeds a certain concentration, the interface is set according to the measurement target in order to increase the output monotonously (or decrease monotonically). It is necessary to determine the amount of activator added.
[0038]
FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the result of principal component analysis based on the measured values in Tables 3 and 4 described above. All the measured values in Tables 3 and 4 are used for the analysis.
From this figure, it can be seen that the mineral oil concentration change and the surfactant concentration change are obtained in different axial directions. This indicates that the addition of the surfactant does not interfere with the concentration measurement of the mineral oil, and the concentration of each of the mineral oil and the surfactant can be measured.
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a lipid membrane sensor is used regardless of a conventional analytical chemistry method, and the measurement target is subjected to pretreatment in order to enable measurement with the lipid membrane sensor. Therefore, it is possible to measure the concentrations of mineral oils and animal and plant fats and oils contained in industrial water and the like in a short time, that is, practically in real time and easily.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a first embodiment of a method for measuring oil concentration according to the first invention.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a second embodiment of the method for measuring fat and oil concentration according to the first invention.
FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a first embodiment of an oil and fat concentration measuring apparatus according to the second invention.
FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of a second embodiment of the oil and fat concentration measuring apparatus according to the second invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a monomolecular film in an expression method used in a chemical design method.
6A and 6B are schematic views of a taste sensor, in which FIG. 6A is a front view and FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a measurement system for horse mackerel.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the concentration of fats and oils and the output of the lipid membrane sensor 1ch when 1 ppm of a surfactant is added.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the concentration of fat and oil and the output of the lipid membrane sensor second channel when 1 ppm of a surfactant is added.
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the concentration of fat and oil and the output of the lipid membrane sensor 3ch when 1 ppm of a surfactant is added.
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between the concentration of fat and oil and the output of the lipid membrane sensor 4ch when 1 ppm of a surfactant is added.
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the relationship between the concentration of fat and oil and the output of the lipid membrane sensor channel 5 when 1 ppm of a surfactant is added.
FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between the concentration of fat and oil and the output of the lipid membrane sensor 6th channel when 1 ppm of a surfactant is added.
FIG. 14 is a graph showing the relationship between the concentration of fats and oils and the output of the lipid membrane sensor channel 7 when 1 ppm of a surfactant is added.
FIG. 15 is a graph showing the relationship between the concentration of oil and fat and the output of the lipid membrane sensor first channel when 10 ppm of a surfactant is added.
FIG. 16 is a graph showing the relationship between the concentration of oil and fat and the output of the lipid membrane sensor second channel when 10 ppm of a surfactant is added.
FIG. 17 is a graph showing the relationship between the concentration of fat and oil and the output of the lipid membrane sensor 3ch when 10 ppm of a surfactant is added.
FIG. 18 is a graph showing the relationship between the fat concentration and the output of the lipid membrane sensor 4th channel when 10 ppm of a surfactant is added.
FIG. 19 is a graph showing the relationship between the concentration of fat and oil and the output of the lipid membrane sensor channel 5 when 10 ppm of a surfactant is added.
FIG. 20 is a graph showing the relationship between the fat and oil concentration and the output of the lipid membrane sensor 6th channel when 10 ppm of a surfactant is added.
FIG. 21 is a graph showing the relationship between the concentration of fat and oil and the output of the lipid membrane sensor channel 7 when 10 ppm of a surfactant is added.
FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the result of principal component analysis based on measured values obtained by experiments.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Base material
2 electrodes
3 Lipid membrane
4 Buffer layer
5 Lead wire
10 Basic configuration of membrane potential measurement system
11 Solution to be measured
12 containers
13 Taste sensor array
14-1 to 14-8 Each lipid membrane (indicated by black dots)
15 Reference electrode
16 Buffer layer
17-1 to 17-8 Lead wire
18 Lead wire
19-1 to 19-8 Buffer Amplifier
20 Analog switch
21 A / D converter
22 Microcomputer
23 XY recorder
24 Ground potential
31,31 'Lipid molecule group
32 Membrane member
33 Matrix
41 Lipid membrane sensor
42 Signal processing means
43 Surfactant supply means
44 Stirring means
45 Control means

Claims (2)

脂質膜を用いたセンサを使用して測定対象である河川水や工業用水等に含まれる鉱物油及び動植物油脂類の濃度を測定する方法であって、
前記測定対象に含まれる鉱物油及び動植物油脂類を、測定対象中に分散させる前処理の段階と、該前処理によってエマルジョンとなった被測定溶液に脂質膜を用いたセンサを浸してその電気特性を測定する段階とを含む油脂濃度測定方法。
A method for measuring the concentration of mineral oil and animal and plant oils and fats contained in river water, industrial water, etc., which is a measurement object, using a sensor using a lipid membrane,
A pretreatment stage in which the mineral oil and animal and vegetable oils and fats contained in the measurement object are dispersed in the measurement object, and a sensor using a lipid film is immersed in a solution to be measured that has become an emulsion by the pretreatment, and its electrical characteristics And a method for measuring fat concentration.
測定対象をエマルジョン化する攪拌手段と、攪拌されてエマルジョンとなった被測定溶液を測定するための脂質膜を用いたセンサと、該脂質膜を用いたセンサの出力信号を受けて鉱物油及び動植物油脂類の濃度に関する情報を含んだ信号を出力する信号処理手段とを備えた油脂濃度測定装置。Stirring means for emulsifying the object to be measured, a sensor using a lipid membrane for measuring the solution to be measured that has been stirred to become an emulsion, and a mineral oil and animals and plants in response to an output signal of the sensor using the lipid membrane An oil and fat concentration measuring apparatus comprising signal processing means for outputting a signal including information on the concentration of oils and fats.
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